Relevant bibliographies by topics / Geosynthetics

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Geosynthetics'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Geosynthetics"

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Yoo, Chungsik. "Geosynthetic Solutions for Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure Development." Sustainability 15, no. 22 (2023): 15772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152215772.

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Geosynthetic engineering has made significant advances during the past decade in the areas of manufacturing and practical applications. As a result, geosynthetics have become essential materials that facilitate construction, better improve short- and long-term performance, and reduce long-term maintenance costs in routine civil engineering projects. Geosynthetics are also being recognized as fundamental to sustainable infrastructure development as they reduce the carbon footprint generated by infrastructure development by minimizing the use of natural construction materials. Creative use of ge
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Sprague, C. Joel, and James E. Sprague. "Functional longevity of exposed geosynthetics." E3S Web of Conferences 569 (2024): 09006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456909006.

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The time at which a geosynthetic’s performance falls below established functional thresholds is known as the geosynthetic’s functional longevity. As opposed to “durability” which commonly refers to an individual exposure environment such as UV exposure or a specific chemical exposure preceded and followed by an index test to quantify physical changes, functional longevity is the result of the synergistic effects of one or more exposure environments happening simultaneously or sequentially preceded and followed by a performance test. Therefore, functional longevity is characterized by a “suite”
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Plácido, Rafael Ribeiro, Fernando Henrique Martins Portelinha, Marcos Massao Futai, and Tiago de Jesus Souza. "Effect of Testing Mechanisms on the Load-Strain-Time Behavior of Geosynthetic Reinforcements." Geotechnical Testing Journal 47, no. 6 (2024): 1243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj20230399.

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Abstract This study compares how geosynthetics behave under load, under strain, and over time when subjected to confined tensile tests in soil, employing two commonly used mechanisms in research. One test type simulates a reinforced layer, where tensile loads are indirectly applied to the geosynthetic via stresses transferred from the soil. In contrast, the other test applies tensile loads directly to the geosynthetic material using clamps while under soil confinement. The objective is to elucidate how these testing mechanisms might yield differing in-soil tensile characteristics for different
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Edwin, Fabián García-Aristizábal, Alberto Vega-Posada Carlos, and Nur y. Gallego-Hernández Alba. "Experimental study of water infiltration on an unsaturated soil-geosynthetic system." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería –redin-, no. 78 (March 19, 2016): 112–18. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.n78a15.

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This investigation presents experimental results from soil-geosynthetic column tests constructed to study the drainage capability of geosynthetics installed within an unsaturated soil and subjected to a water infiltration process. Two different types of permeable geosynthetics were tested; namely, non-woven geotextile and woven non-woven geocomposite. The infiltration process was monitored using negative/positive pore water pressure and volumetric water content transducers placed above and below the geosynthetic. The results showed that the geosynthetics behaved as an impermeable layer until t
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Wathugala, G. Wije, Baoshan Huang, and Surajit Pal. "Numerical Simulation of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Flexible Pavements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1534, no. 1 (1996): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196153400109.

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In traditional analyses of flexible pavements the linear elastic material behavior is assumed for pavement materials. However, pavement materials do not behave as linear elastic materials. They can be better modeled by using elasto-plastic constitutive relationships. The consequences of the assumption of linear elasticity in the prediction of the behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced flexible pavements are presented. The effect of the stiffness of geosynthetic reinforcements on pavement behavior is also studied. The behavior of a geosynthetic-reinforced flexible pavement is analyzed by the finit
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Chauhan, Mr Yogesh B. "Design of Rigid Pavement Using Geosynthetic Material - A Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 5 (2025): 4811–17. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.71430.

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Rigid pavement design plays a crucial role in infrastructure development, particularly in road construction. The use of geosynthetic materials in rigid pavement has gained attention due to its potential to enhance pavement performance, reduce maintenance costs, and extend service life. This review paper discusses various aspects of rigid pavement design incorporating geosynthetic materials. It covers different types of geosynthetics, their applications, benefits, and limitations in pavement engineering. The paper also presents a comprehensive analysis of previous research studies, highlighting
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Ma, Terrance, and Sina Javankhoshdel. "Loss of stability in geosynthetic-reinforced slopes." E3S Web of Conferences 569 (2024): 17004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456917004.

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Geosynthetics are commonly considered to provide restoring forces against sliding during overall slope stability analyses. Where a slipping surface intersects a geosynthetic layer, the geosynthetic layer produces a reaction force either in the opposite direction of sliding, in the direction of the geosynthetic alignment, or in some intermediate direction. The provision of geosynthetic reinforcements typically increases the factor of safety in limit equilibrium against overall sliding in the design of a mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall, and for this reason has become popular among pract
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Zieliński, P. "Investigations of Fatigue of Asphalt Layers with Geosynthetics." Archives of Civil Engineering 59, no. 2 (2013): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2013-0013.

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Abstract This paper presents the results of an extensive investigation of asphalt concrete beams with geosynthetics interlayer. The subject of the research is an evaluation of influence of geosynthetics interlayer applied to bituminous samples on their fatigue life. The results of the tests evidences that when geosynthetics are used, the fatigue life depends mainly on the type of bituminous mixture, the type of geosynthetics, and the type and the amount of bitumen used for saturation and sticking. The amount of bitumen used to saturate and fix the geosynthetic significantly changes the samples
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Markiewicz, Anna, Eugeniusz Koda, Marta Kiraga, et al. "Polymeric Products in Erosion Control Applications: A Review." Polymers 16, no. 17 (2024): 2490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16172490.

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Among the various types of polymeric materials, geosynthetics deserve special attention. A geosynthetic is a product made from synthetic polymers that is embedded in soils for various purposes. There are some basic functions of geosynthetics, namely, erosion control, filtration, drainage, separation, reinforcement, containment, barrier, and protection. Geosynthetics for erosion control are very effective in preventing or limiting soil loss by water erosion on slopes or river/channel banks. Where the current line runs through the undercut area of the slope, the curvature of the arch is increase
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Ingle, Ganesh, and S. S. Bhosale. "Geosynthetics reinforced flexible pavement: review of laboratory model studies." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 6, no. 4 (2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v6i4.8158.

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Number of laboratory studies; have shown that geosynthetics reinforcement improves the performance of flexible pavement either by ex-tending the service life or by savings in base course thickness. In spite of the good laboratory evidence for the geosynthetics reinforced flexible pavement, the mechanism that enables and governs the reinforcement function is still unclear [1]. Cyclic laboratory test has been one of the ways, used for assessing/evaluating the soil-geosynthetic interaction mechanisms. In such a tests contribution of geosynthetics prop-erties, interface shear provided by geotextil
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Geosynthetics"

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Muthu, Raju D. "Large scale pullout testing of geosynthetics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30027.

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An evaluation of soil-geosynthetic interface friction is important to the design of any anchorage detail of a reinforced soil structure or membrane-lined waste containment facility. A large pullout apparatus has been designed and commissioned to evaluate the mobilization of pullout resistance in geosynthetic test specimens. Sand samples were prepared by pluviation into a rectangular box, 1.30m x 0.64m x 0.60m. A stress controlled top boundary was used to apply vertical stresses in the range 5 to 90 kPa. A rate of pullout displacement of 0.5 mm/min was used in the program of testing. A techniq
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McKay, Donald J. S. "Analysis of river-erosion control geosynthetics." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251233.

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Lee, Jae-Myung. "Long-term hydraulic performance of geosynthetic clay liners subjected to inorganic salt solutions." Access citation, abstract and download form; downloadable file 15.20 Mb, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3131681.

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Little, Peter H. "The design of unsurfaced roads using geosynthetics." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13141/.

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Current available methods for the design of unpaved roads, with and without geosynthetics, were used for sixteen full-scale test sections which were constructed at the Bothkennar Soft Clay Site, Airth, Scotland. The full-scale trials consisted of twelve pavements including geosynthetics and four control pavements incorporating two types of aggregate and two design life expectancies. The test pavements were instrumented to monitor the transient stress and strain distribution, permanent strain distribution, geosynthetic temperature and ground water level during the trafficking operation. Traffic
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Holley, Timothy Michael. "Development of a test protocol for cyclic pullout of geosynthetics in roadway base reinforcement." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/holley/HolleyT0509.pdf.

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Geosynthetics, or manmade materials used in soils engineering, have successfully been used as base reinforcement of pavements for over 40 years. Use of geosynthetics can result in cost savings by allowing the aggregate base layer to be reduced in thickness and/or the service life of the pavement to be extended. Design methods for this type of reinforcement have typically been developed by individual manufacturers for specific products. These methods are not widely used by state transportation agencies because 1) they are proprietary, 2) they are empirically based, and 3) they lack compatibilit
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Jones, David Russell Vaughan. "The stability of geosynthetics in landfill lining systems." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297735.

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Ingram, Ronald J. "Geosynthetic-soil interface properties for cohesionless and cohesive media." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4813.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 150 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-140).
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Henry, Karen S. "The use of geosynthetics to mitigate frost heave in soils /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10145.

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Niemiec, Jonathan. "Investigation of soil-geosynthetic interface properties." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3929.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 222 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 218-222).
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Zhao, Lin Shuang. "Modelling column-supported and geosynthetic-reinforced embankment on soft soil foundation." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3951591.

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Books on the topic "Geosynthetics"

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Shukla, Sanjay Kumar. Handbook of geosynthetic engineering: Geosynthetics and their applications. 2nd ed. ICE, 2012.

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Giroud, Jean-Pierre. Geosynthetics bibliography. IFAI, Industrial Fabrics Association International, 1993.

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N, Mandal J., ed. Geosynthetics world. Wiley Eastern, 1994.

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Rao, G. Venkatappa, and G.V.S. Suryanarayana Raju. Advances in geosynthetics. Sai Master Geoenvironmental Services, 2012.

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G, Venkatappa Rao, ed. Geosynthetics: New horizons. Asian Books, 2004.

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Peggs, ID, ed. Geosynthetics: Microstructure and Performance. ASTM International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp1076-eb.

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Meguid, Mohamed, Erol Guler, and J. P. Giroud, eds. Advances in Geosynthetics Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01944-0.

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Rao, G. Venkatappa. Geosynthetics in railway track. Committee for International Geosynthetics Society (India) and Central Board of Irrigation and Power, 2013.

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Materials, American Society for Testing and. ASTM standards on geosynthetics. 2nd ed. American Society for Testing and Materials, 1991.

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D, Peggs Ian, ASTM Committee D-35 on Geotextiles, Geomembranes, and Related Products., and ASTM Symposium on Microstructure and the Performance of Geosynthetics (1989 : Orlando, Fla.), eds. Geosynthetics: Microstructure and performance. ASTM, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Geosynthetics"

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Yao, Jialiang, Zhigang Zhou, and Hongzhuan Zhou. "Geosynthetics." In Highway Engineering Composite Material and Its Application. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6068-8_2.

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Bustillo Revuelta, Manuel. "Geosynthetics." In Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65207-4_17.

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Shukla, Sanjay Kumar. "Geosynthetics." In An Introduction to Geosynthetic Engineering, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003290162-2.

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Mangraviti, Viviana. "Displacement-Based Design of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Pile-Supported Embankments to Increase Sustainability." In Civil and Environmental Engineering for the Sustainable Development Goals. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99593-5_7.

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AbstractAlthough the construction of concrete piles has a relevant environmental footprint, they are commonly used to reduce settlements of embankments on soft soil strata. A more sustainable choice to further reduce settlements (and, consequently, the number of piles) is to place geosynthetics below the embankment. However, existing design methods cannot calculate settlements at the embankment top and cannot be used to optimise the number of piles in a displacement-based design. In this note, an innovative model for assessing settlements at the top of Geosynthetic-Reinforced and Pile-Supporte
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Kato, T., A. Takai, Y. Zhang, L. W. Gathuka, T. Katsumi, and Y. Kinoshita. "Geosynthetic sorption sheet—Another function of geosynthetics?" In Geosynthetics: Leading the Way to a Resilient Planet. CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003386889-199.

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Hegde, Amarnath M. "Geosynthetics Overview." In Geocells. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6095-8_1.

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Mestat, Philippe. "Geosynthetics and Waterproofing." In Organic Materials for Sustainable Construction. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118616734.ch10.

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Damians, Ivan P., Yoshihisa Miyata, Pietro Rimoldi, Nathalie Touze, and John Kraus. "Sustainability of Geosynthetics-Based Landslide Stabilization Solutions." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 1, 2022. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16898-7_14.

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AbstractThis paper considers the sustainability of geosynthetics-based solutions to mitigate landslide risks. The different types of geosynthetics are briefly described, along with their functions and applications relevant to landslides, emphasizing reinforcement. The paper identifies the sustainability factors to consider when applying geosynthetics for these purposes. The paper then presents an overview based on existing literature to illustrate how geosynthetics typically outperform traditional methods across a range of sustainability criteria across the entire life cycle. The paper shows l
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Koerner, R. M., and Y. G. Hsuan. "Geosynthetics: Characteristics and Testing." In Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering Handbook. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1729-0_7.

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Koerner, Robert M. "Geosynthetics in Geotechnical Engineering." In Foundation Engineering Handbook. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3928-5_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Geosynthetics"

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Ponomaryov, Andrey B. "REINFORCEMENT OF SOIL FOUNDATIONS." In VIII Петрухинские чтения. АО «НИЦ «Строительство», 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37538/2713-1149-2024-104-123.

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This article gives the basic terms and definitions of geosynthetic materials currently used in construction. The main functions and types of geosynthetics are shown. Most of the article is devoted to the results obtained by various researchers of the Perm Scientific School. The results of reinforcing sandy and clayey soils with geosynthetic materials, reinforcing soil pads, using fiber soil, reinforcing karst soils, and using geosynthetics in seasonally freezing soils are shown.
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Šiukšcius, Aurimas, Viktoras Vorobjovas, and Audrius Vaitkus. "Geogrid Reinforced Subgrade Influence to Ensure Paved Road Durability." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.148.

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Geosynthetic materials are more and more often used for subgrade reinforcement and/or stabilisation. Geosynthetic reinforcement products used for paved and unpaved roads or traffic areas function on the basis of two mechanisms that contribute to their performance. Shear loads developing in unbound granular layers as a result of traffic loading are transmitted from the base aggregate to the geosynthetic as a result of frictional interaction or via the so called interlocking effect. Depending on the geosynthetic material properties load absorption functions on the basis of frictional interaction
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Ng, S. T. G. "Geosynthetics – A Sustainable Construction Material." In The HKIE Geotechnical Division 42nd Annual Seminar. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.133.24.

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Geosynthetic is a broad term given to geotextile, geomembrane, geogrid, geocell etc. It’s provenance in the 60’s was primarily the cut of construction cost and time. Ubiquitous savings were evidenced over the years. Several decades later, a new age of sustainable construction is dawning, in preserving resource, mitigating climate change and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, the best of both worlds in cost effectiveness and sustainability. But how sustainable is with the use geosynthetics. Carbon footprint assessment has been introduced to quantify any hindsight. From resin production, to
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Hasslacher, Thomas, Marija Bakrač, and Laura Carbone. "Geosynthetics for dewatering and covering of tailings sludge." In Rudarstvo i geologija danas. Rudarski institut d.o.o. Beograd, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5937/rgd240023h.

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There are several methods used for tailings disposal and the most common method is the disposal of tailings slurry in impoundments. Modern impoundments are engineered structures for tailings disposal. The management of tailings facility includes different phases such as planning, design, construction, operation, closure and long term after care. Geosynthetics have been used successfully for mine related applications including the capping of sludge lagoons, geogrid reinforcing of retaining structures, including dam walls, reinforcement of access roads, and lining of tailings storage facilities.
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Merdan, Anesa, and Mario Bačić. "Analysis of the influence of geogrids on the failure mechanisms of the shallow foundations." In 8th Symposium on Doctoral Studies in Civil Engineering. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/phdsym.2022.10.

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The use of geosynthetic materials to improve soil bearing capacity below shallow foundation is relatively novel area of study of geotechnical engineering. A large number of studies have been carried out analysing impact of geosynthetic materials on the bearing capacity of the soil, and these are based mostly on experimental analysis and numerical simulations. This work gives an overview of studies about the application of reinforcement of soil with geogrids and their influences on the soil failure mechanisms. The work represents a basis for future investigations analysing the sensitivity of in
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Kwaw Somiah, Matthew, Clinton Aigbavboa, John Bentil, Wellington Didibhuku Thwala, and Henry Kwadwo Boateng. "FP ONLY:Towards Enhancing Awareness on Sustainable Development: A Survey of the Types, Functional Uses and Project-Level Applications of Geosynthetics." In 2024 AHFE International Conference on Human Factors in Design, Engineering, and Computing (AHFE 2024 Hawaii Edition). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005739.

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Though geosynthetics are sustainable materials in the development of sustainable civil infrastructures, there is a low level of awareness among key stakeholders in the construction industry. Hence, the low project-level applications of geosynthetics globally. This desk study enhances the awareness level of geosynthetics among industry stakeholders as it seeks to give a more comprehensive literature account of geosynthetics highlighting the main types, functional uses, and project-level applications of geosynthetics in the development of sustainable civil infrastructures. The study employed the
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FERNANDES, Rafaela Baldi. "Case Study: Use of terramesh to recovery erosions in tailings and water reservoirs." In 11 International Conference on Geosynthetics. Even3, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/13212.11-1.

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Horvath, John S. "Cellular Geosynthetics in Transportation Applications." In GeoTrans 2004. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40744(154)49.

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Jones, C. J. F. P., J. Lamont-Black, S. Glendinning, and R. C. Pugh. "New Applications for Smart Geosynthetics." In Geo-Frontiers Congress 2005. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40789(168)33.

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Krishna, Pallavi, and Magi N. S. "BEARING CAPACITY IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL USING GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCED GRANULAR COLUMNS." In Second International Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.179.9.

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Stone column technique of ground improvement is an effective method to strengthen poorly graded soil. The study deals with bearing capacity improvement of soil installed with coir geosynthetic reinforced crushed coconut shell column using experimental and numerical analysis. A number of plate load test were used to examine the behaviour of vertically and horizontally reinforced columns in soil. Study focus on using crushed coconut shell (CCS) a biomass waste product, used as infill material and coir geosynthetics used as reinforcement. Column of various diameter and length in-filled with crush
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Reports on the topic "Geosynthetics"

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Qamhia, Issam, and Erol Tutumluer. Evaluation of Geosynthetics Use in Pavement Foundation Layers and Their Effects on Design Methods. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-025.

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This report presents findings of a research effort aimed at reviewing and updating existing Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) specifications and manuals regarding the use of geosynthetic materials in pavements. The project consisted of three tasks: evaluate current IDOT practice related to the use of geosynthetics; review research and state of the practice on geosynthetics applications, available products, design methods, and specifications; and propose recommendations for geosynthetic solutions in pavements to modernize IDOT’s practices and manuals. The review of IDOT specification
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Wang, Han, Issam Qamhia, Erol Tutumluer, and Youngdae Kim. Effectiveness of Geosynthetics in Soil/Aggregate Stabilization—Evaluation Using Bender Element Sensor Technology. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/25-007.

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This report presents laboratory evaluations of the effectiveness of geosynthetics in stabilizing unbound aggregate layers and develops design guidelines for using geosynthetic-stabilized pavements in Illinois. The research focused on quantifying benefits from geosynthetic mechanical stabilization and incorporating those benefits into pavement analysis and design procedures. An experimental program was conducted, including laboratory triaxial testing and large-scale test bed evaluations. Twelve geosynthetic products, including ten geogrids (integral or punched and drawn, welded, and woven) and
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Christoforidou, Eirini, Antonio Bobet, Tommy Nantung, and Philippe L. Bourdeau. Use of Geosynthetics on Subgrade and on Low and Variable Fill Foundations. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317437.

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There are significant problems during construction to establish an adequate foundation for fills and/or subgrade for pavements when the natural ground has low-bearing soils. Geosynthetics such as geogrids, geotextiles, and/or geocells could provide a less time-consuming, costly alternative for establishing an adequate foundation for the fill and/or subgrade. There is extensive evidence in the literature and on DOTs practices about the suitability of using geotextiles in pavements as separators. Previous studies have also shown that the use of geogrids in flexible pavements as a reinforcing mec
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Honegger, Wijewickreme, and Monroy. L52325 Assessment of Geosynthetic Fabrics to Reduce Soil Loads on Buried Pipelines - Phase I and II. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010398.

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High soil loads on buried pipelines can lead to unacceptably high pipeline strains developed in response to permanent ground displacement. Common causes of permanent ground displacement are related to slope instability as a result of heavy precipitation or ground subsidence. In addition, several permanent ground displacement hazards are related to earthquakes including surface fault displacement, triggered landslide movement, surface ground settlement related to liquefaction, and lateral spread displacement. Result: Four specific areas of investigation were completed: 1.Performed baseline test
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