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Journal articles on the topic 'German adjectives'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Li, Wenchao. "Direct Perception Expression in Japanese and Chinese." International Journal of Linguistics 8, no. 5 (2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v8i5.9994.

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<p>This paper tackles the adjective distribution in two different languages, Altaic language: Japanese and Sino-Tibetan language: Chinese. The findings bring us to the point that Japanese direct perception expression tolerates both open-scale and closed-scale adjectives. Chinese direct perception expression only licenses ‘totally open-scale adjectives’ and rule out ‘upper closed-scale adjectives’, ‘totally closed-scale adjectives’, ‘lower closed-scale adjectives’. The failure of Chinese closed-scale AP in direct perception expression lies in that the perception verb <em>jian </e

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2

Bücking, Sebastian. "How do phrasal and lexical modification differ? Contrasting adjective-noun combinations in German." Word Structure 2, no. 2 (2009): 184–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1750124509000403.

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In contrasting newly coined lexical and phrasal adjective-noun combinations as e.g. Blautee (‘blue_tea’) versus blauer Tee (‘blue tea’), the present paper argues in favour of a different semantic make-up of phrasal versus lexical modification in German. Whereas the former triggers direct modification along the lines of ordinary predicate modification, the latter involves a mediating free variable to be instantiated at the conceptual level. The analysis accounts for interpretational differences between phrasal and lexical adjectival modification in the cases of incompatible attribution and nega

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Evans, Elliott. "Meta-Tatian." Indogermanische Forschungen 125, no. 1 (2020): 105–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2020-007.

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AbstractIn addition to inflecting adjectives for case, number, and gender, the early Germanic languages inflect adjectives as either strong or weak. Scholarly consensus is lacking regarding what triggers this fourth inflectional category, i.e. why an adjective surfaces as either strong or weak. While the traditional school of thought held that weak adjectives surface with definite determiners, some recent scholarship has argued that a semantic force such as definiteness or classification is responsible. To evaluate the two positions, I compared attributive adjectives in the Old High German tra

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Ashton, Michael C., Kibeom Lee, Bernd Marcus, and Reinout E. De Vries. "German lexical personality factors: relations with the HEXACO model." European Journal of Personality 21, no. 1 (2007): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.597.

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We correlated the scales of the HEXACO Personality Inventory (HEXACO‐PI) with adjective scale markers of factors previously obtained in indigenous lexical studies of personality structure in the German language. Self‐ratings obtained from a sample of 323 German participants showed a pattern of strong convergent and weak discriminant correlations, supporting the content‐based interpretation of the German lexical factors in terms of the HEXACO dimensions. Notably, convergent correlations were strong for both the broader and the narrower variants of the Honesty‐Humility factor as observed in Germ

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Stratton, James M. "Adjective Intensifiers in German." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 32, no. 2 (2020): 183–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542719000163.

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While the study of English intensifiers has been a topic of much empirical discussion (Bolinger 1972, Paradis 1997, Ito & Tagliamonte 2003, Xiao & Tao 2007, Fuchs 2017), intensification in the German language is underexplored. The present study operationalizes variationist methods to comprehensively examine the syntactic intensification of adjectives in German by investigating how adjective intensifiers rank empirically in terms of frequency and whether their use is sensitive to the social factors gender and age. Results indicate that in German, amplifiers are more frequent than downto

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Nikonova, Zhanna, Valery Bukharov, and Inna Yastremskaya. "Political Coloring of Adjectives in German Political Discourse." Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin, Special issue (December 31, 2020): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-si-73-92.

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The article analyzes the functional potential of basic adjective color-coding in modern German political discourse, illustrating cases of its political connotation. Using a variety of linguistic research methods, the authors examine functional peculiarities of color adjectives such as rot, orange, gelb, grün, blau, and violett in German-language texts related to politics. Specific examples show that all these adjectives are politically colored, demonstrating the realization of both traditional and contemporary meanings that reflect modern realities of German socio-political life. The research

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Bidese, Ermenegildo, Andrea Padovan, and Claudia Turolla. "Adjective orders in Cimbrian DPs." Linguistics 57, no. 2 (2019): 373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2019-0004.

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AbstractIn this work we aim to give a first description of the morphosyntactic behavior of some adjectives in the Cimbrian of Luserna. This Germanic variety allows a subclass of adjectives to appear in post-nominal position. This aspect seems to be relevant, since neither colloquial Standard German nor any other German substandard variety spoken in German-speaking areas display a similar pattern. Along the lines of Cinque (2010, 2014), we argue that Cimbrian, with respect to the adnominal adjectival order, has maintained the Germanic pattern of Merge, but permits in some cases NP-Movement abov

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Schmidt, Georg. "Teaching German Adjectives: Another Look." Die Unterrichtspraxis / Teaching German 23, no. 1 (1990): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3529955.

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9

Claudi, Ulrike. "Intensifiers of adjectives in German." Language Typology and Universals 59, no. 4 (2006): 350–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2006.59.4.350.

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10

Li, Wenchao. "A Scale Structure View of Resultatives in Japanese, Chinese and German." International Journal of Linguistics 7, no. 5 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v7i5.8117.

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<p class="1"><span lang="X-NONE">This paper provides a scale-based semantics for resultatives in Japanese, Chinese and German, in an effort to arrive at: how adjectival complements and verbs in resultative constructions show sensitivity to the scalar structure. The findings reveal that Japanese accepts both open and closed-scale adjectives but disallows atelic verbs in resultatives. It appears that both telic and atelic verbs are welcome by Chinese resultatives. Adjectival complements in German resultatives are of no diverse distribution, i.e. both open and closed-scale APs are all

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Bölte, Jens, Bernadette M. Jansma, Anna Zilverstand, and Pienie Zwitserlood. "Derivational morphology approached with event-related potentials." Mental Lexicon 4, no. 3 (2009): 336–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.4.3.02bol.

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We investigated the processing of derived adjectives in German using event-related potentials (ERPs). ERPs were registered to existing adjectives (freundlich, ‘friendly’), to morphologically complex pseudowords that were synonymous to an existing adjective and thus interpretable (*freundhaft), and to complex pseudowords that were structurally and semantically anomalous (*freundbar). Stimuli were embedded in sentence contexts, displayed word by word. An ERP effect with a left-frontal maximum was observed around 450–500 ms after stimulus onset. In this window, both pseudoword types differed from

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12

Diepeveen, Janneke, and Freek Van de Velde. "Adverbial Morphology: How Dutch and German are Moving Away from English." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 22, no. 4 (2010): 381–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542710000115.

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English marks the distinction between adjectives and adverbs with an adverbial suffix, whereas Dutch and German allow adjectives to be used adverbially without extra morphology. This may give rise to the idea that English, like Latin, is more specific in its classification of various types of modifiers. We propose an alternative analysis: Dutch and German draw a different dividing line, between attributive modifiers (NP-level) on the one hand, and predicative and adverbial modifiers (clause-level) on the other. To this end, they use adjectival inflection instead of derivational morphology. We

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Hakimov, Nikolay. "Lexical Frequency and Frequency of Co-Occurrence Predict the Use of Embedded-Language Islands in Bilingual Speech: Adjective-Modified Nominal Constituents in Russian-German Code-Mixing." Journal of Language Contact 13, no. 3 (2021): 501–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-bja10028.

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Abstract This article explores the role of usage frequency in the structure of language mixing by the application of corpus-linguistic and statistical methods. The goal of the study is to reveal that the frequency of a lexical item and the frequency with which it occurs with other items account for its use in bilingual speech. To achieve this goal, I analyze German monolingual and German-Russian mixed adjective-modified nominal constituents in otherwise Russian discourse in a corpus of Russian-German bilingual speech collected from fluent bilinguals in Russian-speaking communities in Germany.

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Tribushinina, Elena, Huub van den Bergh, Dorit Ravid, et al. "Development of adjective frequencies across semantic classes." Language, Interaction and Acquisition 5, no. 2 (2014): 185–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lia.5.2.02tri.

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This paper is a longitudinal investigation of adjective use by children aged 1;8−2;8, speaking Dutch, German, French, Hebrew, and Turkish, and by their caregivers. Each adjective token in transcripts of spontaneous speech was coded for semantic class. The development of adjective use in each semantic class was analysed by means of a multilevel logistic regression. The results show that toddlers and their parents use adjectives more often as the child grows older. However, this holds only for semantic classes denoting concrete concepts, such as physical properties, colour, and size. Adjectives

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Kühnen, Ulrich, Michael Schießl, Nadine Bauer, Natalie Paulig, Claudia Pöhlmann, and Karoline Schmidthals. "How Robust is the IAT? Measuring and Manipulating Implicit Attitudes of East-and West-Germans." Experimental Psychology 48, no. 2 (2001): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//0949-3946.48.2.135.

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Abstract. We investigated consequences of priming East-West-German related self-knowledge for the strength of implicit, ingroup-directed positive evaluations among East- and West-Germans. Based on previous studies we predicted opposite effects of self-knowledge priming for East- and West-Germans. Since in general the East-German stereotype is regarded as more negative than the West-German one, bringing to mind East-West-related self-knowledge (relative to neutral priming) was expected to attenuate ingroup favoritism for East-Germans, but to increase it for West-Germans. After having fulfilled

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Hanink, Emily Anne. "Postsyntactic inflection of the degree phrase in German." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 3, no. 1 (2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v3i1.4308.

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Recent treatments of concord contend that adjectival inflection occurs postsyntactically through the insertion of Agr nodes onto individual, concord-bearing heads after Spell-Out (i.a. Norris 2012, 2014). I examine these claims through the lens of degree modification in German, which demonstrates that current formulations of this approach are untenable. I argue however that a postsyntactic treatment of (adjectival) concord can in fact be maintained if Agr node insertion occurs phrasally at DegP, and not at adjectival heads. This account explains i) an observed difference between the inflection

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Meinunger, André. "Leftmost peripheral adverbs and adjectives in German." Journal of Comparative Germanic Linguistics 12, no. 2 (2009): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10828-009-9028-6.

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Berg, Thomas. "Compounding in German and English." Languages in Contrast 17, no. 1 (2017): 43–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.17.1.03ber.

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Abstract German is well-known for its propensity for nominal compounding. This claim is put on a firmer empirical footing by means of a bidirectional translation study between German and English. The difference between the two languages crystallizes in the competition between compounds and phrases. Two complementary asymmetries emerge: first, German compounds are more frequently translated by English phrases than English compounds by German phrases; second, English phrases are more frequently translated by German compounds than German phrases by English compounds. An extension to other word cl

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19

Glushak, Vasiliy, Vilma Kaladytė, and Olga Gowin. "Modification of Qualia Structures Using Relative Adjectives in Lithuanian, Russian and German." Respectus Philologicus, no. 38(43) (October 19, 2020): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2020.38.43.56.

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Relative adjectives are immediate nominal explicators (nouns) that play a key role in meaningful structures in the Russian, Lithuanian, and German languages. This article investigates the semantic representation of a noun in an attribute group with relative adjectives comparatively using the Qualia structure and its modifications. The most commonly used 150 relative adjectives in the electronic corpora of the Russian written language were selected for analysis. They are compared with Lithuanian and German examples. Relative adjectives are classified as quality structures and are considered to

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20

Herzberg, Philipp Yorck, and Elmar Brähler. "Assessing the Big-Five Personality Domains via Short Forms." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 22, no. 3 (2006): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.22.3.139.

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This research evaluated a German version of a recently introduced brief measure of the Big-Five domains (Ten Item Personality Inventory [TIPI]). Since we could not confirm the virtues of the TIPI in a representative, general population-based sample from Germany, we develop a revised short form, measuring the Big-Five personality domains with 16 adjectives. These new scales showed better reliability than the TIPI, fit the Big-Five factor structure, and were orthogonal. As preliminary evidence of construct validity, support was found for convergence correlations with the NEO-FFI and other criter

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Auer, Peter, and Vanessa Siegel. "Grammatical Gender in the German Multiethnolect." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 33, no. 1 (2021): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542720000082.

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While major restructurings and simplifications have been reported for gender systems of other Germanic languages in multiethnolectal speech, this article demonstrates that the three-way gender distinction of German is relatively stable among young speakers from an immigrant background. We investigate gender in a German multiethnolect based on a corpus of approximately 17 hours of spontaneous speech produced by 28 young speakers in Stuttgart (mainly from Turkish and Balkan background). German is not their second language, but (one of) their first language(s), which they have fully acquired from

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Jacobsen, Thomas, Katharina Buchta, Michael Köhler, and Erich Schröger. "The Primacy of Beauty in Judging the Aesthetics of Objects." Psychological Reports 94, no. 3_suppl (2004): 1253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3c.1253-1260.

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The conceptual structure of the aesthetics of objects was investigated. To this end, associative namings for the word “aesthetics” were collected from 311 nonartist German college students in a timed verbal association task. 590 different adjectives were produced, depicting diversification of the concept. The adjective “beautiful” was given by more than 90% of the participants. The adjective “ugly” was the second most frequent naming, used by almost half of the students. All other namings were markedly less frequently produced. It is argues that the beautiful–ugly dimension represents the prim

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Nowak, Jessica. "Klar – klärer – am klärsten? Umlaut comparison as a doubtful case in contemporary German." Yearbook of the Poznan Linguistic Meeting 3, no. 1 (2017): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/yplm-2017-0004.

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Abstract The present paper addresses doubtful cases concerning the use of umlaut in the adjectival comparison of contemporary German: bang ‘anxious’ - banger/bänger - am bangsten/ bängsten. It aims to shed light on the concrete distribution of this variation, i.e. the preference for one of the variants. Corpus-based analyses will show that the adjectives under discussion are not equally affected by umlaut variation: some are (surprisingly) stable (e.g., gesund ‘healthy’), whereas many others have a clear preference (i.e. > 70%) for non-umlauting forms (e.g., blass ‘pale’, nass ‘wet’). Inter

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Klinge, Alex. "The role of configurational morphology in Germanic nominal structure and the case of English noun-noun constellations." Word Structure 2, no. 2 (2009): 155–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1750124509000397.

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This paper argues that a number of puzzling issues in the analysis of English nominal structure arise because English has lost the obligatory pre-N attributive morphology which is still present in the other Germanic languages, represented in this paper by German and Danish. The morphology which the other Germanic languages assign in this particular configuration ensures a clear-cut formal distinction between compounds and phrases, and it upholds a one-to-one relationship between pre-N attributive distribution and the word-class of adjectives. English lost the morphology in this particular conf

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Hopp, Holger, and Natalia Lemmerth. "LEXICAL AND SYNTACTIC CONGRUENCY IN L2 PREDICTIVE GENDER PROCESSING." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 40, no. 1 (2016): 171–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263116000437.

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This article investigates how lexical and syntactic differences in L1 and L2 grammatical gender affect L2 predictive gender processing. In a visual-world eye-tracking experiment, 24 L1 Russian adult learners and 15 native speakers of German were tested. Both Russian and German have three gender classes. Yet, they differ in lexical congruency, that is, whether a noun (“house”) is assigned to the same or a different gender class. Further, gender is syntactically realized on postnominal suffixes in Russian but on prenominal articles in German. For adjectives, both Russian and German mark gender o

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Melnyk, Yuliia. "NOUNS, ADJECTIVES, AND VERBS AS COMPONENTS OF GERMAN COMPOUND WORDS: РECULIARITIES OF SEMANTICS AND COMBINATION". Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, № 831-832 (2021): 198–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/gph2021.831-832.198-218.

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In the article semantic features of nouns, adjectives, and verbs as components of German determinative compound words with the models “noun + noun”, “adjective + noun”, “verb + noun” are investigated using three functional styles (belletristic, publicistic and scientific). Their lexico-semantic subclasses (34 subclasses of nouns, 14 of adjectives and 19 of verbs) were singled out and taken for the further analysis of combination of components in compound words. Using traditional methods (analysis by direct components, transformation analysis, modelling method and analysis of components or sems

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Maurer-Stroh, Philippa. "“House-High Favourites?” – A Contrastive Analysis of Adjective-Noun Collocations in German and English." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 2, no. 1-2 (2005): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.2.1-2.57-64.

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Everybody is talking about collocational analyses these days… Despite recent advances in the monolingual sector, the bilingual environment has not yet come under close scrutiny. It is especially the adjective-noun combinations that have become the focus of attention when it comes to contrastive phraseological studies. Adjectives in particular are subject to semantic tailoring and it is important to bear in mind that (predictable) interlingual lexical one-to-one occurrence, such as the English starless night and the German sternlose Nacht, is a mere exception rather than the rule in the bilingu

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Dobrik, Zdenko. "Denominal, deadjectival and deverbal adjectives in Slovak and German." XLinguae 10, no. 3 (2017): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2017.10.03.11.

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Alekseeva, Ekaterina M. "Oral Associative Reactions of Russians and Germans to Names of Mental States: Comparative and Quantitative Analysis." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 2020, no. 3 (2020): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2020-3-46-57.

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The article describes a cross-cultural study of associative oral representation of mental states. 32 Russian and 33German students – 53 female and 12 male aged from 20 up to 24 years participated in the research. The experimental procedure was developed on the basis of the DMDX program allowed to measure the time of speech response to the shown stimuli – names of 25 mental states. In the conditions of time deficiency probands had to call free and estimated associations (adjectives). The mean reaction time was calculated, quantitative content of associative fields was analyzed. In the Russian g

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Van Goethem, Kristel, and Matthias Hüning. "From Noun to Evaluative Adjective: Conversion or Debonding? DutchTopand Its Equivalents in German." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 27, no. 4 (2015): 366–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542715000112.

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In this study, we address the ways in which nouns can give rise to new adjectives in Dutch and German. More specifically, the focus is on words with an evaluative meaning that can be used in a wide range of morphological and syntactic constructions in recent (and informal) language. For example, the German nounHammer‘hammer’ can be used inHammervorstellung‘very good performance’ orhammer film‘fantastic film’. In the literature, two distinct hypotheses can be found to account for the adjectival uses of such evaluative nouns. The debonding hypothesis states that the intensifying bound morpheme h

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Kotowski, Sven, and Holden Härtl. "How real are adjective order constraints? Multiple prenominal adjectives at the grammatical interfaces." Linguistics 57, no. 2 (2019): 395–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2019-0005.

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AbstractAdjective order restrictions on attributive adjectives (AORs) have been subject to debate in modern linguistic research for a long time. Most generally, the question whether AORs can be located in grammar as such in rule-based fashion is still unsettled. In the current paper, we largely argue against this view and claim that several of the core data to be explained are preferences based on norms rather than rules. A pragmatic explanation is offered to account for marked or apparently ungrammatical examples. First, we demarcate AORs in the narrow sense against data based on truth-condit

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Angleitner, Alois, Fritz Ostendorf, and Oliver P. John. "Towards a taxonomy of personality descriptors in German: A psycho‐lexical study." European Journal of Personality 4, no. 2 (1990): 89–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410040204.

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We present two studies aimed at developing a comprehensive taxonomy of German personality‐descriptive terms. In the first study, all personality‐descriptive adjectives (e.g. cynical), type nouns (e.g. cynic), and attribute nouns (e.g. cynicism) were extracted from a German dictionary. We found that almost half of all German adjectives were potentially personality‐relevant, as contrasted with only 8% of the nouns. Moreover, there were more attribute nouns than type nouns, the latter appearing more slangy, metaphorical, concrete, and rich in imagery (e.g. Big‐mouth, Wooden‐head). In the second s

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SPENCER, ANDREW. "What's in a compound?" Journal of Linguistics 47, no. 2 (2011): 481–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226710000411.

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The Oxford Handbook of Compoundingsurveys a variety of theoretical and descriptive issues, presenting overviews of compounding in a number of frameworks and sketches of compounding in a number of languages. Much of the book deals with Germanic noun–noun compounding. I take up some of the theoretical questions raised surrounding such constructions, in particular, the notion of attributive modification in noun-headed compounds. I focus on two issues. The first is the semantic relation between the head noun and its nominal modifier. Several authors repeat the argument that there is a small(-ish)

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Höppnerová, Věra. "Compound Adjectives in Business German in Names of Products Properties." Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 22, no. 6 (2014): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.aop.460.

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Arold, Anne. "Contingency of word‐formation and semantic features of German adjectives." Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 4, no. 1-3 (1997): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09296179708590076.

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Wilhelm, Csilla-Anna. "Between Simplification and Complexification. German, Hungarian, Romanian Noun and Adjective Morphologies in Contact." Journal of Language Contact 10, no. 1 (2017): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01001004.

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This paper explores patterns in the integration of Hungarian and Romanian nouns as well as adjectives in the German dialect of the speech community of Palota, a German Sprachinsel in North-West-Romania. The main focus of the study is on both inflectional and derivational noun and adjective morphologies and on how they behave in the case of some more or less distantly related contact languages. Based on a select number of examples from first hand data and following standard code-mixing models such as that of Muysken (2000) and Myers-Scotton’s (1993, 2002) mlf model, it establishes a typology of

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Petrak, Marta. "Development of a Productive Derivational Pattern on the Basis of Loan Translation?" Linguistica 60, no. 1 (2020): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.60.1.31-60.

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This paper deals with the question of the formation of Croatian adjectives with the prefix među-. While such adjectives were very rare in late 19th and early 20th century, an analysis of relevant lexicographic works and digital corpora demonstrated that their number started to become larger in later 20th century, culminating in recent decades. Today, the [među-N-Suff]Adj derivational pattern is a productive, accounting for 134 adjectives with a frequency of ten occurrences or more retrieved from the largest extant Croatian web corpus, hrWaC. On the basis of an analysis of available older lexic

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Bono, Mariana. "L’influence des langues non maternelles dans l’acquisition du SN en espagnol L3." Language, Interaction and Acquisition 1, no. 2 (2010): 251–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lia.1.2.06bon.

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This article investigates the role of second or non-native languages (L2) in the acquisition of an additional language (L3). We study the impact of cross-linguistic influence on the placement of the adjective in the Noun Phrase. The analysis of oral data from learners of Spanish L3 shows that the position of adjectives departs from the canonical word order of both Spanish L3 and French L1, reflecting the word order that characterizes the other languages known by the speakers, English and German. We will attempt to identify the psycholinguistic factors underlying this phenomenon. Particular att

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Hoekstra, J. "Gibt es im Nordfriesischen ein aus dem Dänischen entlehntes k-Suffix zur Bildung von Adjektivabstrakta?" Us Wurk 68, no. 3-4 (2019): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/5d481199542ec.

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In this paper I challenge the claim by Hofmann (1956) that the k-suffix in North Frisian abstract deadjectival nouns like f.-a. waremk ‘warmth’ is adopted from Danish. Danish loanwords like f.-a. eemk ‘grief’ are rather derived from deadjectival verbs containing a k-suffix than from adjectives originally. In other examples – waremk being a case in point – the k-suffix has developed from the suffix -d(e)/-t(e) that entered North Frisian from Low German. On the basis of such forms a semi-productive k-suffix, possibly a suffix variant of -d(e)/-t(e), arose in North Frisian, particularly in combi

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Axel-Tober, Katrin, and Kalle Müller. "Evidential adverbs in German." Rise and Development of Evidential and Epistemic Markers 7, no. 1-2 (2017): 9–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.7.1-2.02axe.

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Abstract This article addresses the semantic and morphosyntactic development of the German evidential adverbs offensichtlich, offenbar, anscheinend, and scheinbar ‘obviously’/‘apparently’/‘seemingly’ and their meaning contribution in present-day German. It will be argued that these expressions, most of which are historically derived from adjectives, innovated separate lexical entries as sentence adverbs in New High German resulting from a morphosyntactic reanalysis of an ambiguous surface structure. This reanalysis was accompanied by a profound semantic change, as a result of which the express

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GROBA, AGNES, ANNICK DE HOUWER, JAN MEHNERT, SONJA ROSSI, and HELLMUTH OBRIG. "Bilingual and monolingual children process pragmatic cues differently when learning novel adjectives." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 21, no. 2 (2017): 384–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728917000232.

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Previous studies have shown bilingually and monolingually developing children to differ in their sensitivity to referential pragmatic deixis in challenging tasks, with bilinguals exhibiting a higher sensitivity. The learning of adjectives is particularly challenging, but has rarely been investigated in bilingual children. In the present study we presented a pragmatic cue supporting the learning of novel adjectives to 32 Spanish–German bilingual and 28 German monolingual 5-year-olds. The children's responses to a descriptive hand gesture highlighting an object's property were measured behaviora

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Sukharevskaya, V. Yu, and K. A. Shishigin. "Suggestive Phrases in the German Industrial Advertising Text (Based on the Material of Mining Equipment Advertising)." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, no. 2 (2020): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-2-541-548.

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The present research featured German texts of mining equipment advertising, namely phrases with suggestive pragmasemantic potential. The research objective was to reveal the semantic characteristics of these language units. The article classifies and describes various pragmasemantic types of suggestive phrases using methods of componential, morphological, and syntactic analyses. The function of suggestion in mining equipment advertising proved to be of specific nature, as it has to oppose the conscious desire of a technical specialist to purchase effective and profitable equipment. The suggest

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Henss, Ronald. "From Aal to Zyniker. Personality descriptive type nouns in the German language." European Journal of Personality 9, no. 2 (1995): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410090207.

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Up until now it has been assumed that the German language comprises far more personality descriptive adjectives (e.g. cynical) than type nouns (e.g. cynic); cf. the article by Angleitner, Ostendorf and John (1990). The present paper shows that this conclusion is unwarranted. Firstly, it is demonstrated that the German taxonomers considered only a small fraction of the relevant type nouns. Then follows a discussion of why the German language contains a huge number of personality type nouns. Finally, some pitfalls of the lexical approach to personality description are considered.

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Blažević, Nevenka. "COMMUNICATICE GRAMMAR IN GERMAN LANGUAGE TEACHING IN TOURISM." Tourism and hospitality management 11, no. 2 (2005): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.11.2.6.

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This article deals with contents of a communicative grammar in German language teaching in tourism. To this purpose a morph syntactic analysis of the chosen corpus was carried out. The analysis has revealed which verbs, substantives, pronouns, adjectives, prepositions and conjunctions in the corpus are especially frequent and in which morphologic forms and collocations they appear. The data for oral and written communication are presented separately. The results of this research serve as basis for a communicative grammar book of German as a foreign language in tourism.

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Dittmar, Norbert. "Grammaticalization in Second Language Acquisition." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 14, no. 3 (1992): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100011104.

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SingularNominative—Mein guter Freund, my good friend. Genitive—Meines guten Freundes, of my good friend. Dative—Meinem guten Freund, to my good friend. Accusative—Meinen guten Freund, my good friend.PluralNominative—Meine guten Freunde, my good friends. Genitive—Meiner guten Freunde, of my good friends. Dative—Meinen guten Freunden, to my good friends. Accusative—Meine guten Freunde, my good friends.Now let the candidate for the asylum try to memorize those variations, and see how soon he will be elected. One might better go without friends in Germany than to take all this trouble about them.

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Gamerschlag, Thomas. "Stative dimensional verbs in German." Studies in Language 38, no. 2 (2014): 275–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.38.2.02gam.

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Stative verbs such as German wiegen ‘weigh’ and heißen ‘be called’ encode an attribute of the subject referent such as WEIGHT or NAME and, in addition, allow for the specification of a value for this attribute. From a cognitive perspective, we refer to attributes of this type as object dimensions and to stative verbs encoding object dimensions as stative dimensional verbs. We argue in favor of the relevance of these verbs to cognitive science and semantics. After introducing basic types of stative dimensional verbs, we discuss the results of an in-depth investigation of these verbs in German.

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윤혜준. "A Comparison of the Meanings of Taste adjectives in Korean and German." Bilingual Research ll, no. 50 (2012): 139–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17296/korbil.2012..50.139.

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Bölte, Jens, Claudia Schulz, and Christian Dobel. "Processing of existing, synonymous, and anomalous German derived adjectives: An MEG study." Neuroscience Letters 469, no. 1 (2010): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2009.11.054.

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Askedal, John Ole. "Deutsche Teil- und Regrammatikalisierung." Studia Germanica Posnaniensia, no. 38 (June 25, 2018): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sgp.2017.38.04.

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The present paper deals with some putative cases of so-called ‘halted’ or ‘arrested grammaticalization’ in the history of German. The following phenomena are discussed: Old High German perfect auxiliaries; the modals ‘shall’, ‘will’ and the transformative copula werden as sources of future auxiliaries in Old, Middle and New High German; some shortened verb forms in Middle High German; the Old High German etc. pronoun of identity der selbo used as a demonstrative or personal pronoun; the inflection of determiners, quantifiers and adjectives in New High German; Old High German thô, dô and Middle

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Frenck-Mestre, Cheryl, Alice Foucart, Haydee Carrasco-Ortiz, and Julia Herschensohn. "Processing of grammatical gender in French as a first and second language: Evidence from ERPs." EUROSLA Yearbook 9 (July 30, 2009): 76–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.9.06fre.

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The present study examined the processing of grammatical gender in second language (L2) French as a function of language background (Experiment 1) and as a function of overt phonetic properties of agreement (Experiment 2) by examining Event Related Potential (ERP) responses to gender discord in L2 French. In Experiment 1 we explored the role of the presence/absence of abstract grammatical gender in the L1 (gendered German, ungendered English): we compared German and English learners of French when processing post-nominal plural (no gender cues on determiner) attributive adjectives that either

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