Dissertations / Theses: 'German and Belgian (French)'

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Kottos, Laura. "Pro-European groups and the French, Belgian and British Empires (1947-1957)." Thesis, University of Reading, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.632824.

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This thesis assesses the role of three pro-European pressure groups (the European Union of Federalists, the Socialist Movement for the United States of Europe and the European League for Economic Cooperation) and their impact in fostering new relations between Europe and the colonies between 1947 and 1957. It argues that the association of the overseas territories into the European Economic Community in 1957, the founding stone of today's European policy for aid and development, was to a large extent the result of the intense intellectual activity that took place in these transnational groups upstream of the signature of the Treaty of Rome. Emphasising the role of European pressure groups in the EEC association policy goes against the stream of current historiography on the issue, which tends to focus on national strategies at stake during the negotiations. A transnational/pressure group approach offers new insights into the history of relationships between the EEC and Africa. First, such an analysis sets the origins of the European Development policy at 1947 - when the groups were created - rather than 1957. Second, whilst many previous studies placed France as the sole initiator of the association policy, a transnational approach enables us to see that British and Belgian elites also played a crucial role in its development. By adopting a purely national framework of analysis, previous authors have failed to see the broader objectives of the European association policy. Pro-European groups indeed hoped that the association would, in the long run, establish a federal Eurafrican community or an economic European Commonwealth that would revive the declining links between Europe and its overseas territories.

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Walsh-Harrington, Geraldine. "The function of the incidental song in contemporary French and Belgian cinema." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310725.

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Eeckels, Bruno. "The consequences of Euronext integration on the French, Belgian and Dutch stock markets." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2013. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/20973/.

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On 22 September 2000, the French, Belgian and Dutch stock exchanges merged and formed the Euronext N.V., the first pan-European ex change. The creation of Euronext was a response to changes in the political and econ omic environment in Europe. The benefits to market participants are easier access t o a wider range of financial products, increase in liquidity and lower transaction costs. Indeed, since its incorporation, Euronext has the second largest capitalization in E urope. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the conseq uences of Euronext integration on the French, Belgian and Dutch stock markets. It rai ses two questions: 1. has the merger improved the information efficiency of the m arkets; and 2. has the level of integration between the markets increased following the incorporation of Euronext? The study uses daily prices for the markets’ main i ndices for the period 01/01/1990 to 10/12/2010. The original sample is divided into thr ee periods: pre-integration, integration and post-integration period. Two types of returns are computed: log- returns and excess returns. A dummy variable and a control variable, the German main index DAX, are included in the analysis to acc ount for the effect of the introduction of the Euro. Unit root and stationarity tests show that prices s eries are integrated of the first order and that the returns series are stationary. Moreove r, the volatility of returns exhibits long-memory patterns. The data generating process o f all the returns series is captured with ARMA-GARCH models. The returns exhibit volatil ity clusters in all sub- periods. Hence, the information efficiency of the m arket has not increased following Euronext integration. However, GARCH models do not include an asymmetric component for the post-integration period, indicati ng that the returns do not display leverage effects after the creation of Euronext. Fi nally, a Euro dummy variable was significant only for the Belgian returns. Cointegration tests show that the three indices exp erience long-run equilibrium during the integration and the post-integration periods. M oreover, the conditional correlation between the markets increases and stabilises after 2000. Overall, the evidence supports wider financial integration between these markets. However, it is difficult to 4 determine to what degree this change can be attribu ted to the creation of Euronext as opposed to the introduction of the Euro or to a com bination of both. A Granger causality test shows that EMU has Granger caused ma rket financial integration. On the other hand, a system comprised of the three ind ices and the control variable, DAX30, does not display long-run equilibrium for th e post-integration period, highlighting the role of Euronext. These results ar e important for market participants.

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Nelles, Morgane, and Lea Ladsous. "The impact of online advertising on the Belgian, English and French tourism sector." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-26146.

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Han, Gyuhyun. "The Franco-Belgian Violin School: Pedagogy, Principles, and Comparison with the German and Russian Violin Schools, from the Eighteenth through Twentieth Centuries." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1573811079370959.

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Wanner, Brigitte. "Exponent-Shaped motion in German, English and French." Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-80088.

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Broch, Ludivine M. E. "French Railway Workers Under German Occupation, 1940-1944." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533805.

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Foxen, Sarah Elizabeth. "Phonological variation, perception and language attitudes in the (Franco-)Belgian borderland." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/28879.

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The subject of this thesis is the French language in the Franco-Belgian borderland. More specifically, it investigates language, linguistic perceptions and language attitudes in the French-speaking part of Belgium which borders France. The study takes a variationist approach and is grounded in sociolinguistic theory, but it also draws on theories and methodologies from elsewhere in the social sciences. Two questions are at the heart of this study: how do people speak French in the Belgian borderland and why do they speak that way? To answer the research questions, speech and questionnaire data were gathered from 39 informants living in the borderland city of Tournai and its surrounding area. With this data, a variety of analyses were performed. Sociophonetic investigations were carried out on two phonological variables, namely the vocalic oppositions /e/-/ɛ/ and /o/-/ɔ/, draw-a-map task perceptual data were analysed through a ‘visual methods’ lens, and attitudinal data were also examined. Social variation in linguistic behaviour, perceptions and language attitudes was also analysed. The notions of ‘space’, ‘place’ and ‘spatiality’ were accorded considerable importance: the interactions between language and ‘space’ as the factors of ‘mobility’, ‘media consumption’, ‘sense of place’ and ‘regional belonging’ were also examined. The findings include that French in the Belgian borderland is more similar to that in France than to elsewhere in Francophone Belgium and that this is due to a number of factors. Moreover, the French in the borderland appears to be converging on that in France, although some differences persist. It was also found that spatial factors interact with both linguistic and social ones. Finally, it was concluded that whilst there is no longer a physical barrier at the national border, it persists to an extent as a psychological one, and this has ramifications for borderlanders’ behaviour: be it linguistic or otherwise.

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Sambells, Chelsea Ivy Meaghan. "Humanity in times of war? : the evacuation of French and Belgian children to Switzerland, 1940-1945." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25889.

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This study investigates the evacuation of 60,000 French and Belgian children to Switzerland between 1940 and 1945. This humanitarian action was initially implemented by a coalition of Swiss charities but because of its growing popularity and increasing scope, the Swiss Red Cross joined the efforts in 1942. Despite the devastation, food scarcities and logistical limitations of the Second World War, these children were successfully fed, clothed and housed in Swiss households for three-month periods before they returned home. Given the massive diplomatic and material challenges, it is surprising that such a large transnational evacuation for vulnerable, foreign children was generally effective. By evaluating both how these evacuations were conducted and why participating governments sought to support or prohibit their implementation, this thesis reveals new information that challenges the standard narratives of the wartime actions of the Allies, Nazi Germany and Switzerland. Britain and America’s role in the evacuation does not support their reputation as righteous victors, but as bickering governments strategizing to strengthen their post-war political position in Europe. Nazi Germany’s authorization of the evacuation deepens our knowledge by demonstrating how “humanitarian” operations were circuitously manipulated as a way to increase Nazi control. The noteworthy hospitality of Swiss citizens significantly diverged from the strict immigration policies imposed by their government, a finding which both challenges and reinforces the controversy surrounding Switzerland’s prohibitive, internationally-condemned refugee policies. Overall, this thesis recasts each participant in a new light by questioning the motivations of governments at war, the value of children in war, and the logistics of wartime humanitarian operations.

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Wharton, Steve. "Au service du marechal? : French documentary under German occupation." Thesis, Aston University, 1991. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10272/.

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Following the fall of France in June 1940 and the installation of the Vichy Regime, government set about establishing its own New Order. A reprogramming of national consciousness was attempted through an emphasis on a return to traditional values which was disseminated in various fora. Despite publications on divers aspects of Vichy's propaganda machine, work on film production of the period has merely touched on mainstream documentary without further analysis. Such a lacuna appears inexplicable in light of the production of 550 or so documentaries between 1940 and 1944, especially in view of a 1948 comment by the film writer Roger Régent that documentary in many ways provided a focal point for the regime's wishes for "moralisation collective". This thesis sets out the first steps of a new evaluation of the role of documentary during the Occupation. After an overview of the changes to the industry and the ideological framework of the Révolution nationale, the thesis discusses theories of propaganda together with direct examples of Vichy propaganda documentary. The 'control' thus established is then applied to an examination of the 'Arts, Sciences, Voyages' series of documentary screenings (1941-43) and the Premier congrès du film documentaire (1943), tracing thematic and ideological consonances and evaluating the use of documentary film of the Occupation in the Service of the Marshal.

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Doan, Bich-Thuy. "Impact of German Renewable Energies on the Spot Prices of the French-German Electricity Markets." Thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118527.

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Thanks to growing environmental concerns, renewable energies take a higher andhigher share of electricity generating portfolios. In Germany particularly, the installedcapacity of wind and solar plants has increased continuously for the past ten years. Given theprinciple of the merit-order dispatch, a greater use of wind and solar power allows theelectricity spot prices to drop significantly. However, wind and sun are both intermittentresources, and this leaves great room for uncertainties on prices. As a consequence, pricesbecome much more dependent on the weather conditions and show greater volatilities,making hedging much more difficult. At the same time, the mechanism of market coupling inthe Central West Europe (France, Germany, Benelux) goes toward a harmonization of prices.As such, the cross-border interconnections play a decisive role in the electricity pricing.This paper deals with the actual influence of the interconnections between France andGermany on electricity spot prices when renewable energies are added to the energy mix. Amodel of a French-German market is made in order to see the impact of an increasingpenetration of renewable energies on spot prices. The wind and solar generations aremodelled using artificial neural networks, ANN. Multiple linear regression is employed tomodel the French and German loads. The cross-border interconnections are modelled basedon the capacity allocations published by RTE (the national French grid operator) and finallythe French and German prices are modelled with a GARCH process to study the volatilities.The study is made for three different scenarios: the reference scenario, with a penetration ofrenewable energies as seen in 2012, a 2020 scenario, with a penetration of renewable energiesas predicted in 2012, and a 2020 scenario with increased interconnection capacities betweenFrance and Germany.Running the models shows that a higher penetration of renewable energies lowers spotprices in average, but introduces price spikes that did not exist beforehand. On short periodsof observation, the volatility seems to decrease, but on longer periods, the spikes increase thevolatility. Also, increasing the interconnection capacities does make the prices converge, butto a certain extent only.Finding fitting hedging strategies becomes more delicate when prices vary with suchuncertainty. The study could be more developed (by extending it to the whole Europeancontinent) in order to get a more accurate vision of how energy markets will look like in a fewyears. However, it must be understood that the future scenarios depend on many variablefactors, and no mathematical model is able to capture all those factors accurately.

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Vliet, Lars Peter Wunibald van. "Transfer of movables in German, French, English and Dutch law." Proefschrift, Nijmegen : Maastricht : Ars Aequi Libri ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2000. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6895.

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Kegel, Terry. "Linguistic tug-of-war French and German in Alsace, 1945 /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2004. http://thesis.haverford.edu/85/01/2003KegelT%5Flinguistics.pdf.

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Lees, James Christopher. "Clemens Wenzeslaus, German Catholicism, and the French Revolution, 1768-1792." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608113.

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Everts, Steven. "Adaptation in foreign policy : French and British reactions to German unification." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365586.

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Williams, Alison Jane. "Tricksters and pranksters in medieval and Renaissance French and German literature." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389342.

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Pichler, Lothar. "Comparison of the French and German approaches to ESDP and NATO." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FPichler.pdf.

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Passman, Elana Reid Donald M. "The cultivation of friendship French and German cultural cooperation, 1925-1954 /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2348.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History." Discipline: History; Department/School: History.

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Lambrecht, Jeroen. "Belgian soldiers' perceptions of the enemy during the First World War, 1914 - 1918." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1993.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2009.
Title from screen (viewed on November 5, 2009). Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Kevin Cramer, William H. Schneider, Monroe H. Little. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-126).

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Lauer, Charlotte. "Education and labour markets outcomes a French-German comparison ; with 57 tables." Heidelberg [u.a.] Physica-Verl, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b138977.

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Diamond, James. "From Versailles to Locarno: British, French and German national interests, 1919-1925." Thesis, Boston University, 1994. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27637.

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Aldridge, Guy B. "Forgotten and Unfulfilled: German Transitions in the French Occupation Zone, 1945-1949." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1427127938.

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Suslak, Fiona Nanette. "Signs, interpretation and storytelling in Medieval French and German Tristan verse narratives." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10660.

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This thesis provides a comparative analysis of late-twelfth and early-thirteenth century Tristan verse narratives from the French- and German-speaking worlds, in order to gain a more nuanced picture of how these specific writers reflect contemporary debates on interpretation and fictionality in their own works. While there is a vast body of critical literature on these texts, and a large amount of this scholarship examines the way that interpretation functions in these works, critics have so far not adequately considered how the Tristan texts from this period as a body engage with contemporary medieval debates on the relationship between truth, lies and fiction, particularly in relation to fiction as a new category for vernacular literary culture. Therefore, this thesis analyses how literary practice during this period is reflected in these texts, particularly regarding truth, lies, interpretation and authority. The first part of the thesis thoroughly studies the use of verbal and visual signs in the texts, focusing on the way that characters both construct and interpret those signs. The second part of the thesis examines storytelling in these texts. This focuses firstly on the narrators’ interjections into their works, discussing for example their relationship to their sources. Secondly, this analyses how the characters within the texts tell stories to each other, particularly those relating to their own pasts. Together, these two parts argue that interpretation and authority are key concerns for the writers of these texts. In conclusion, this thesis proposes that the writers of the Tristan verse narratives are participating in a dialogue about literary practice, interpretation and authority as they attempt to engage with the new narrative mode of literary vernacular romance.

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Thornton, Katharine. "Cinema lectures : aspects of Vichy ideology and French life under the German occupation as seen in French films, 1942-1987 /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09art513.pdf.

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Richards, Emily Jean. "Body-soul debates in English, French and German manuscripts, c.1200-c.1500." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21062/.

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This thesis examines the history of body-soul debates in English, Anglo-Nonnan, Northern French and Gennan from c.1200-1500. Focusing uniquely on the question of contexts rather than origins for the debates, I summarise their roots in apocryphal and pre-Christian myth before turning to close readings of the debates themselves and detailed examinations of their manuscripts. I argue that the various adaptations of the Latin 'Visio Philiberti' should be seen not only within the context of each language's vernacular literature, but also as a reaction to doctrinal changes in Christian theology during the period in which they were written. I also look at how these adaptations reflect the transmission of the debates by the religious orders, and examine the evidence for my argument that each bodysoul debate constructs specific paradigms of body and soul's relationship, focusing in particular on the differences between the hostile debates in England and France on the one side, and the 'friendly' debates in Gennany on the other. Finally, I examine parallel developments in the regulation of vernacular devotional literature in England, France and Germany in the late fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, using a case study ofBL MS Additional 37049 to argue that these developments are reflected in more repressive and authoritarian adaptations of body-soul debates. Siting this hypothesis within the context of recent discussions of 'vernacular theology', I argue that body-soul debates functioned as literature which sanctioned authoritarian attitudes to vernacular literature and society, while at the same time presenting the possibility of a dialogic response to repressive measures and destabilising the 'topoi' of obedience and subservience that they ostensibly support.

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Ugen, Sonja. "Acquisition of reading and spelling skills of German-French biliterate children in Luxembourg." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210480.

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The general aim of this longitudinal study was to look at literacy acquisition of multilingual good and poor spellers (hereafter GS and PS) in German and French with a special emphasis on spelling. For this purpose GS and PS were selected in grade 2 in German and followed up to grade 4. The focus was on this period as in Luxembourg literacy is acquired through German from the first grade and written French from grade 3 on. The interval between grades 2 and 4 thus represents a critical period for written second language acquisition. The native language of the children, Germanic (e.g. Luxembourgish) or Romanophone (e.g. Portuguese), adds another linguistic characteristic. Research focused at the development of biliteracy but some multilingual aspects were analyzed.

Abstract The first two studies differentiate between top-level processes related to semantics (e.g. vocabulary) and bottom level processes implied in literacy (e.g. spelling). The first two studies established that the native language has an impact on reading comprehension as Germanic speaking children have an advantage on German tasks and Romanophone children an advantage on French tasks. By contrast, performances on bottom-level processes such as spelling and reading are not influenced by the native language. Structural equation models revealed that German top-level processes did not influence French top-level processes. Concerning bottom-level processes however, there was an influence from one academic year on the following as well as from German on French.

Abstract The last three studies focused on differences between biliterate GS and PS in German and in French. The third study examined the reading and spelling strategies (e.g. the application of orthographic rules) that both groups of children acquired in German and in French. Although GS outperformed PS, their overall reading and spelling performance patterns were different in German than in French. GS applied orthographic rules more systematically than PS in German. In French, both groups were strongly affected by frequency effects. The word frequency effect appeared clearly in French, showing that after one year of instruction children strongly rely on the orthographic lexicon for spelling and do not apply orthographic rules systematically. Study 4 establishes the link between the recognition and production of orthographic features. PS's performance is similar to GS's on orthographic judgments and for spelling they produce the same type of errors, showing GS and PS are sensitive to the underlying regularities of the orthography. However, PS produced more errors overall compared to GS. It seems that GS passed the level of automatic use of the most prominent response, whereas PS use the dominant responses as default spelling. In the last study, the emphasis was on GS and PS in French after two years of instruction in grade 4. GS and PS were re-classified to new groups according to their spelling performance in French. GS in French used more French specific phoneme-to-grapheme correspondences in a nonword dictation than PS. PS in French used more German phoneme-to-grapheme correspondences in the French and German nonword dictation. It seems that PS in French rely more on the phoneme-grapheme correspondences of the first acquired and thus dominant language (German). In the general discussion, the previously presented results are summarized and a theoretical model of bilingual spelling is proposed.
Doctorat en sciences psychologiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Harari, Yuval Noah. "History and I : war and the relations between history and personal identity in Renaissance military memoirs, c.1450-1600." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391070.

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Andrews, Peter A. "Contact entre deux langues a travers les siecles: le francais et l'allemand." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1524826043582167.

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Morris, Alan I. "The German Occupation in recent French fiction : an analysis of the literary 'mode retro'." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6462.

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This thesis attempts to analyse and characterise the mode rétro, the remarkable renewal of interest in the German Occupation of France, which is coloured by an extensive re-evaluation of the period's significance. An introduction places this fashion in its literary, social and historical context, revealing how, from 1940 to 1969, a collective and predominantly Gaullist 'myth' of the Resistance became established, with the result that the national response to invasion was accepted to be one of wide-spread heroism and revolt. Part I studies the reaction to such résistancialisme, showing how this orthodox interpretation of events was undermined and, for many, discredited, and offering explanations of the timing and direction of the new view. Part II focuses on the fiction, memoirs, autobiographies and biographies of the younger authors, those who have no direct adult experience of the années noires. It is suggested that their obvious obsession with absent parent-figures reflects their awareness that the past has been misrepresented and their heritage rendered problematic. Their sole means of escape from this predicament, their only source of emotional relief is seen to lie in the creation of a personal account of the early 1940s running contrary to the prevalent orthodoxy, the fabrication of a 'counter-myth'. It is thus the notion of myth which links the various sections of the survey, and so gives the thesis its overall unity.

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Beus, Yfen Tsau. "Towards a paradoxical theatre : Schlegelian irony in German and French romantic drama, 1797-1843 /." New York : Peter Lang, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39018321j.

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Gugler, Klaus, and Adhurim Haxhimusa. "Cross-Border Technology Differences and Trade Barriers: Evidence from German and French Electricity Markets." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5222/1/wp237.pdf.

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Using hourly data, we show that the convergence of German and French electricity spot prices depends on the employed generation mix structure, on the trade (export/import) capacity between the two countries, and on characteristics of neighbouring markets. Only when German and French electricity markets employ "similar" generation mixes price spreads vanish, and the likelihood for congestion of electricity flows is significantly reduced. This implies that, at least, a part of the convergence that was documented in recent literature is spurious, because it is not (only) driven by the forces of arbitrage, but by the similarity of the Generation structures. The direction of congestion matters in this regard. Furthermore, we document consistent evidence for the most important predictions of trade theory if markets are characterized by increasing marginal cost (i.e. supply) curves and limited cross-border capacities. (authors' abstract)
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

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Viviani, Roberto. "The notions of `self' and `mental automatism' in nineteenth-century French and German psychopathology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624337.

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McConchie, Douglas R. "Patterns of strategic control : an investigation of British, French and German retail banking practice." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/32249.

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This study provides detailed evidence as to the current state of strategic control in European retail banking. In so doing, it also provides an unique insight into the rigour of the strategic management of the banks investigated.

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Fekete, Denise M. "Pro-drop and verb-second : romance and germanic in Old French." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63760.

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Mather, Patrick André. "L' interférence syntaxique de l'allemand sur le français mosellan." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26294.

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The subject of my Thesis is the syntactic interference of German in the French of the Moselle region. The geographical location of this Department, situated close to the German border, leads me to believe that French and German are in contact in this region given their geographic proximity and the history of the area. My Thesis is divided into two main sections. First, through a detailed analysis of relevant syntactic structures in French and German, I put forth several hypotheses concerning the syntactic interference of German in the French spoken in the Moselle Department. Then, I tested these hypotheses through extensive fieldwork by interviewing two different groups of speakers, young and old, and by analyzing those data produced which indicated some degree of German interference in French. I then submitted these data to the same speakers to obtain their grammaticality judgments. My analysis has led me to establish an important typological distinction between the sentences produced by the younger speakers and those produced by the elderly, and to uncover a hierarchy in the acceptability of the sentences submitted to these speakers, which I discuss and attempt to explain.

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Barfoot, Nicola. "Frauenkrimi : generic expectations and the reception of recent French and German crime novels by women = Polar féminin /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015744779&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Rowe, Michael. "German civil administrators and the politics of the Napoleonic State in the Department of the Roer, 1798-1815." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272814.

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Philo-Gill, Samantha Adele. "Novelists and women in WW1: challenging traditional binarisms: a critical essay, and, The half painted war: an original novel." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9245.

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Academic study of women and WW1 literature has taken place since the 1970s, with a focus on female novelists published pre-1939. Despite the variety of studies, questions remain as to whether the breadth of women’s roles in WW1 is accurately represented in fiction. The purpose of this study was to examine female characters in WW1 novels (published in Britain) who challenge traditional war binarisms i.e. war (male)/peace (female), by taking on war work. It specifically compared novels published pre-1939 and historical (post-1939) novels written by both female and male novelists. The methods employed were the critical reading of forty novels, as well as data collection related to the roles of female characters and the language used to describe them. he study found that there is little representation of women’s war work in the forty novels. A key factor is that they are by middle class authors and written from a middle class point of view. Although historical novels are often used to re-imagine the role of women, WW1 is an exception. Key factors here include the perpetuation of stereotype and nervousness around detracting from the horrific experiences of the male soldier. Challenges to binarisms in subsequent wars (e.g. women in the armed services) have not stimulated a re-visioning of women’s roles in WW1. Society will continue to accept and endorse traditional binarisms, if they are not challenged by cultural representations of war. There is no novel based on the female military experience of WW1. In response, I was inspired to write a historical novel: The Half-Painted War. The protagonist is a female artist who enrols in the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC). It is intended as an act of remembrance but also allows the reader to consider the role of women in the military, both in WW1 and today.

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Cumming, Ruth Elizabeth. "Speech rhythm : the language-specific integration of pitch and duration." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/228685.

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Experimental phonetic research on speech rhythm seems to have reached an impasse. Recently, this research field has tended to investigate produced (rather than perceived) rhythm, focussing on timing, i.e. duration as an acoustic cue, and has not considered that rhythm perception might be influenced by native language. Yet evidence from other areas of phonetics, and other disciplines, suggests that an investigation of rhythm is needed which (i) focuses on listeners' perception, (ii) acknowledges the role of several acoustic cues, and (iii) explores whether the relative significance of these cues differs between languages. This thesis, the originality of which derives from its adoption of these three perspectives combined, indicates new directions for progress. A series of perceptual experiments investigated the interaction of duration and f0 as perceptual cues to prosody in languages with different prosodic structures - Swiss German, Swiss French, and French (i.e. from France). The first experiment demonstrated that a dynamic f0 increases perceived syllable duration in contextually isolated pairs of monosyllables, for all three language groups. The second experiment found that dynamic f0 and increased duration interact as cues to rhythmic groups in series of monosyllabic digits and letters; the two cues were significantly more effective than one when heard simultaneously, but significantly less effective than one when heard in conflicting positions around the rhythmic-group boundary location, and native language influenced whether f0 or duration was the more effective cue. These two experiments laid the basis for the third, which directly addressed rhythm. Listeners were asked to judge the rhythmicality of sentences with systematic duration and f0 manipulations; the results provide evidence that duration and f0 are interdependent cues in rhythm perception, and that the weighting of each cue varies in different languages. A fourth experiment applied the perceptual results to production data, to develop a rhythm metric which captures the multi-dimensional and language-specific nature of perceived rhythm in speech production. These findings have the important implication that if future phonetic research on rhythm follows these new perspectives, it may circumvent the impasse and advance our knowledge and model of speech rhythm.

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Burrows, Stephanie J. "Kurt Tucholsky and France." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243634.

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Rake, Katherine. "Ageing and inequality : older women and men in the British, French and German welfare states." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286408.

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Effertz, Julia Irmgard. "The woman singer and her song in French and German prose fiction (circa 1790-1848)." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501961.

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This thesis examines the woman singer and her song as a literary motif in French and German prose fiction between 1790 and 1848. In the form of selected case studies, I establish how, for some authors of this period, the singer constituted an important cipher for female artistic empowerment. Although substantial research on the cross-fertilization between music and literature exists, this specific motif has so far received very little attention in Comparative Literature studies. Additionally, literary critics have not previously explored the potential of the woman singer beyond the stereotypes associated with woman and song. By outlining the sociocultural background of singers at the time in chapter 2, and the theoretical context of idealized female song in chapter 3, I first show the strong ideological dimension of the singer as a character of ambivalence. I then investigate how literature responded to this theme, and how key authors developed the character as a reflection on aesthetic ideals pertaining to female musicality, and as a potentially subversive, empowered figure of female song performance. In chapter 41 examine the importance of early singer archetypes created by Goethe and Madame de Stadl, both of whose visions of musically inspired artistic genius paved the way for subsequent literary treatments of the singer and her increasing professionalism and artistic agency. In Chapter 5 I show to what extent marginalized authors like Caroline Fischer wrote explicitly against the cliche of the musical feminine ideal, proposing different views on female agency through art, whereas in chapter 7 I demonstrate how women authors of the July Monarchy period, such as Taunay, Sand, Ulliac and Desbordes-Valmore wrote strong narratives revolving around the life and genius of the prima donna singer. On the other hand, in chapter 6 I show that, although couching their narratives in seemingly more traditional, patriarchal imagery, male authors like Hoffmann, Balzac and Berlioz implicitly criticized the idealism associated with both music and woman and looked for narrative ways to portray the woman singer as an artist who maintains autonomy and integrity. My conclusion emphasizes that through their unique treatment of the woman singer,authors contributed to a complex, continuous discourse on woman and music which went beyond the stereotypical nature of cultural and aesthetic paradigms of female song

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O'Boyle, Aidan. "Towards a contemporary wisdom christology : some Catholic christologies in German, English and French 1965-1995 /." Roma : Ed. Pontificia università gregoriana, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39095868h.

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44

Marmiesse, Y. "Understanding student motivations and choice criteria to enrol in a French German double degree programme." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3004565/.

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This thesis explores the choice process behind the decision to enrol in a French German double degree programme. The context of the research is a collaborative programme in international management, accredited by the French German University (FGU) and delivered by a French business school (ESCE Paris) and a German University of Applied Sciences (HWR Berlin), including a two-year mobility period in the partner country. The purpose of the study was to understand the deep motivations, choice criteria and potential influences which push students to enrol, as well as identify potential differences in student motivations depending on their institution of origin. Besides, the research aimed at making recommendations to better address student expectations in the delivery of French German programmes and design more effective recruitment practices. The study design was qualitative and data were collected through 14 individual interviews carried out with ESCE and HWR registered students. A thematic analysis was conducted and the data were interpreted using a revised model of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as a theoretical framework. The research demonstrates that the choice of the French German Programme (FGP) prevails over the choice of the institutions offering it and has its own set of determinants. The decision to enrol is based on a mix of intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors, where social capital, cultural capital and prior experiences play a critical role, even if students also consider more rational elements such as short-term benefits of the programme or longer- term career expectations in their choice. The study highlights the strong parental influence, the role of early academic decisions and the impact of country and city image in student orientation towards international study path. The findings suggest that applicants share a Page | 2 number of beliefs and values with respects to international academic programmes, as well as a high self-concept of ability, enhanced reflexivity skills and the strategic ability to adapt to different learning environments. The study suggests that the choice of the FGP can be seen as a strategy of differentiation where students expect to accumulate multiple forms of cultural and social capital in order to obtain competitive positioning in job markets. No major differences were found between ESCE and HWR registered students, except for their attitude towards tuition fees and costs associated with the programme. The research also demonstrates the influence of the institutional context, the higher education system and the larger legal, social and economic environment on the choice of a study path, in line with the four-layer model of college choice developed by Perna (2006). The study concludes by calling for additional research in that field and for the replication of similar research on other French German programmes to check the generalizability of the findings.

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45

Sally, Mohomed Razeen. "States and firms : the political economy of French and German multinational enterprises in international competition." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287047.

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This thesis entails the examination of the internationalisation during the 1980s of the twelve leading French and German-owned multinational enterprises [MNEs] in chemicals and electronics. They represent a significant part of the phenomenon of Europeanowned MNEs taking their places alongside U.S. and Japaneseowned MNEs as the main commercial actors in international competition. MNEs in the chemical and electronics sectors have been selected for analysis because they are technology-intensive in many of their businesses, which are at the cutting-edge of industry globalisation. This process of recent internationalisation is used to address a problematique that goes to the roots of institutional political economy : how and why has the internationalisation of these MNEs interacted with their "embeddedness" in the domestic structures of the French and German political economies, particularly in terms of their power relationships with external actors such as the home governments and financial institutions ? What are the French-German comparisons involved ? The primary political economy themes are as follows : the MNEs' roles as political actors, especially viewed in terms of their bargaining power relations with the home [central] governments; home government industrial policy vis-â-vis the MNEs; MNE financial relations with banks in France and Germany; MNE political activity at the level of the European Community -- the main geographical focus of internationalisation -- which is especially evident in technology policy. The empirical argument presented is that internationalisation imparts a dynamic that induces convergence effects between the French and German political economies, most importantly in the manner in which the MNEs are embedded in them. Such convergence is however limited and qualified by the enduring differences in the constitution of state-finance-industry linkages in France and Germany. It is argued that the primary theoretical contribution of this study is the inclusion of a business organisation approach, at the level of the firm, to put the spotlight on fundamental questions of political economy. Research in political economy has tended to overlook the role of the firm. The changes wrought by the internationalisation of business urgently require better firm-level conceptualisation and empirical research.

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46

Juan, Checa José Javier. "A contrastive study of the EFL vowel system in native Spanish, French, German and Russian learners." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671141.

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This thesis focuses on the phonetic difficulties that learners of English as a foreign language will encounter. This research wants tó propose a new point of view; a different and wider angle on how to approach this issue. Instead of comparing only one or two languages to English, it will compare 4 (Spanish, French, German and Russian) with similar or different characteristics based on vowel system and isochrony. The phonetic mistakes will then be analyzed through spectrography, which could help us better understand the nature of the problem.
Esta tesis se centra en las dificultades fonéticas con las que los estudiantes de inglés como lengua extranjera se toparán. Esta investigación quiere proponer un nuevo punto de vista; un ángulo diferente y más amplio en cómo enfocar este tema. En lugar de compara únicamente una o dos lenguas con el inglés, comparará 4 (español, francés, alemán y ruso) con características similares o diferentes basadas en el sistema vocálico y la isocronía. Los errores fonéticos serán analizados a través de a espectrografía, que podría ayudarnos a comprender mejor la naturaleza del problema.

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Barumwete, Lyna Alami, and Feiyi Rao. "Exchange rate risk in Automobile Industry: An Empirical Study on Swedish, French and German Multinational Companies." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1788.

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Recently, both company executives as well as national media have claimed that short currency exchange rate fluctuations are negatively affecting the stock returns of certain firms. However, most previous studies focusing on companies in the US and Asia have been unable to find empirical support for a statistically significant linkage between firm value and exchange rate risk. By using a quantitative method with a deductive approach,the present research investigates if currency exchange rate movements impact the stock return of European based car companies with market interests in the US. By selecting French Renault and Peugeot, German Audi and BMW and Swedish Saab and Volvo, we were able to analyze three currencies exchange rates in our study: SEK/USD, SEK/Euro and Euro/USD. In addition, we included three macroeconomic factors: GDP, stock market index and Oil price to perform a multiple regression analysis. In consistency with the earlier studies, our results indicate that for five out of the six investigated companies, short movements in the three exchange rates do not significantly affect the stock returns of the companies investigated. By analyzing the annual report of the investigated companies, we found that derivatives instruments such as currency option, foreign exchange forwards, currency futures and currency swaps were used to hedge exchange risk. This might be one of the reasons why it was difficult to capture exchange rate risk. The fact that BMW was the only company showing a significant effect could indicate that the company is not applying the accurate hedging strategy. Another reason might be that the company is more exposed to exchange risk due to its large exporting activity compared to the other investigated companies.

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48

Akcan, Sumru. "Effective teaching strategies for oral second language use in German and French first-grade immersion classrooms." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280142.

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This micro-ethnographic classroom-based case study explores analytic and experiential teaching strategies that lead to engaged student participation and increased learning opportunities in German and French first grade language arts and math classes. The data were collected from two successful public elementary immersion schools in Milwaukee where English-speaking children learn the school curriculum through a second language (German or French) starting from kindergarten. The data in this study were collected in a seven-month time period by using data collection methods such as field notes, audiotaping, videotaping, and interviews. The constant comparative method, based on grounded theory (Glaser & Strauss, 1967), and enumerative techniques were used for data analysis. The data have shown that the first grade immersion teachers used analytic and experiential teaching strategies in learning contexts in order to promote oral second language use and content learning in language arts and math classes. Analytic teaching strategies focus on specific features of the target language, such as syntactic structures, pronunciation, and vocabulary, whereas, experiential teaching strategies focused on the use of the target language in a meaningful and contextualized way. This study also suggests that teachers' learning and teaching philosophies are reflected in their actions and behaviors, and analytic and experiential teaching strategies are the reflections of the teachers' belief systems and their instructional practices. The knowledge gained from this study may form a solid background for pre-service and in-service teacher education programs by demonstrating the needs of immersion teachers, and also recognizing the challenges of immersion education.

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Hochstrasser, Timothy John. "Natural law theory, its historiography and development in the French and German Enlightenment c. 1670-1780." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303958.

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50

Hürsoy, Siret. "The new security concept and German-French approaches to the European "Pillar of Defence", 1990-2000 /." Marburg : Tectum, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41448411t.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'German and Belgian (French)'

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