Relevant bibliographies by topics / German and Scandinavian

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'German and Scandinavian'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "German and Scandinavian"

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Meyer, Frank. "A Comparative Look at Scandinavian Cultures: Denmark, Norway and Sweden and Their Encounters with German Refugees, 1933-1940." Journal of Intercultural Communication 6, no. 2 (2006): 1–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v6i2.426.

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This article is a comparative study that points to the differences between national cultures in Scandinavia, as they are reconstructed from source material left over from the encounter between Scandinavian insiders and German outsiders in the pre-World War II period. This article uses a variety of memoirs, notes, interviews, and other records produced by German refugees in Scandinavia, and by Scandinavians who encountered German refugees in the period 1933-1940. Danes, Norwegians and Swedes characterise and are characterised by the German refugees. Thus, in-group and out-group mechanisms highl
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Særheim, Inge. "Low German influence on the Scandinavian languages in late medieval times – some comments on loan words, word-forming, syntactic structures and names." AmS-Skrifter, no. 27 (January 6, 2020): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/ams-skrifter.v0i27.270.

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There was a strong influence from the Low German language on the languages in Scandinavia in late medieval times due to the considerable economical and cultural contact and interaction between northern Germany and the Scandinavian countries in this period, especially the Hanse trade. The vocabulary was especially affected, but also the grammatical structure and names. Some place-names from south-western Norway seem to reflect Low German influence. The loans from Low German are well integrated and adjusted to the structure of the Scandinavian languages.
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Birk Laursen, Ole. "‘Deserter in Scandinavia’: Augustin Souchy, Transregional Networks, and the Scandinavian Syndicalist Press, 1914‐1919." Anarchist Studies 33, no. 1 (2025): 8–28. https://doi.org/10.3898/as.33.1.01.

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This article explores the Scandinavian syndicalist movement during the First World War through the experiences of the German anarchist Augustin Souchy. Exiled to Scandinavia in 1914, his five years in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark illuminate the revolutionary impetus of the Scandinavian syndicalist movement and, simultaneously, the crucial role of the revolutionary press ‐ editors, distributors, translators, contributors, and correspondents ‐ in forging transregional networks of solidarity across national borders. In fact, beyond the pragmatic function of publishing anarchist propaganda, this ar
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Grigaravičiūtė, Sandra. "Scandinavia in Lithuanian Diplomacy in 1915-1917." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 8 (December 28, 2000): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2000.37246.

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1914-1917 Lithuanian politics suggested the Lithuania orientation question and decided to choose - The West - during Vilnius Lithuanians' conference on 18-22 September 1917. The Northern orientation of Lithuanians wasn't so actual in conforming with the West orientation, but it didn't mean that orientation to Scandinavia wasn't fixated in Lithuanians' political mentality. The facts in archive documents, old press, memoirs of M. Yčas, J. Tumas Vaižgantas, V. Bartuška, and the Lithuanian historians such as R. Lopata, A. Eidintas, A. Gaigalaitė. These materials obviously explore that the traditio
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Scheel, Roland. "Scandinavian Studies in Germany." Humanities 11, no. 4 (2022): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h11040084.

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Scandinavian Studies in Germany are usually conceived of as comparative literary and cultural studies, encompassing the historical and current spaces where Northern Germanic languages were or are spoken. The article focuses on the current situation of Medieval Scandinavian Studies—one of the three branches of the discipline—in the German-speaking area, explaining their comparatively strong institutional position as a result of the long and peculiar history of the research and its entanglements with political ideology. Against this background, an overview is presented of the present research pr
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Erbe, Susanne. "Die Lage im deutschen Gesundheitswesen." Wirtschaftsdienst 104, no. 8 (2024): 580–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/wd-2024-0148.

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Abstract Germany spent the most on healthcare out of any country in the EU and is only surpassed worldwide by the USA. However, German health expenditure has not exploded despite the coronavirus pandemic. The declining share of German hospital expenditures is striking. A comparison with the Scandinavian countries shows that there is more potential for efficiency in this area.
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Brantly. "German and Scandinavian Literary Relations." Scandinavian Studies 91, no. 4 (2019): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/scanstud.91.4.0441.

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Brantly, Susan C. "German and Scandinavian Literary Relations." Scandinavian Studies 91, no. 4 (2019): 441–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/sca.91.4.0441.

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Bauer, Alessia. "Cultural colonialism as a result of commercial activities: the linguistic perspective." AmS-Skrifter, no. 27 (January 6, 2020): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/ams-skrifter.v0i27.271.

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The Hanse played not only a prominent economical role in the North Atlantic but the Germans also consistently influenced the culture of the people with whom they interacted and traded. Their presence led to a sort of cultural colonialism in Northern Europe, which, among others things, substantially shaped the Scandinavian languages. For several reasons, the Icelandic language was not influenced in the same way as the other Scandinavian languages; yet, one can find some traces of German in administrative language dating back to the Middle Ages. Furthermore, ‘cultural colonization’ by the German
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Zethsen, Karen Korning. "Latin-based terms." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 16, no. 1 (2004): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.16.1.07zet.

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The concept of complete equivalence is highly questionable, yet it is still relied on, for all practical purposes, in connection with the translation of Latin-based medical terms. This practice is potentially harmful, a case in point being the translation of medical texts for laymen from English into Danish. Contrary to Danish (and German and other Scandinavian languages), everyday English (and French) avails itself of numerous Latin-based medical terms, as no non-specialized alternative exists. When these terms are directly transferred under the assumption of complete equivalence, the level o
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "German and Scandinavian"

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Wilks, Guntram. "Das Motiv der Rückenfigur und dessen Bedeutungswandlungen in der deutschen und skandinavischen Malerei zwischen 1800 und der Mitte der 1940er Jahre." Marburg Tectum-Verl, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2622110&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.

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Lohmeier, Victoria, and Simon Hess. "Airline Pricing Strategies : A comparison of German Lufthansa and Scandinavian Airline System." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-8521.

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Barz, Christiane. "Weltflucht und Lebensglaube : Aspekte der Dekadenz in der skandinavischen und deutschen Literatur der Moderne um 1900 /." Leipzig [u.a.] : Edition Kirchhof & Franke, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0605/2005433040.html.

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Bourgerie, Hunter Marie G. "MODELING DEPONENCY IN GERMANIC PRETERITE-PRESENT VERBS USING DATR." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/23.

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In certain Germanic languages, there is a group of verbs called preterite-present verbs that are often viewed as irregular, but in fact behave very predictably. They exhibit a morphological phenomenon called deponency, often in conjunction with another morphological phenomenon called heteroclisis. I examine the preterite-present verbs of three different languages: Old Norse, Modern Icelandic, and Modern German. Initially, I approach them from a historical perspective and then seek to reconcile their morphology with the modern perspective. A criteria is established for a canonical preterite-pre
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Nickel, Thomas, and Jan Schliebener. "Assessing supply chain resilience within the automotive industry in the event of a pandemic : A multiple case study of the COVID-19 disruption in the Scandinavian and German automotive industry." Thesis, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53154.

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Background: The automotive industry experiences significant challenges such as electric mobility, autonomous cars, smart factories, and ridesharing. Above that, the COVID-19 pandemic did not only affect the global health care system but also caused a disruption that challenged the automotive manufacturing sector and its supply chains. Purpose: The automotive industry was investigated to assess the supply chain resilience during the COVID-19 disruption. Therefore, the supply chain performance along the disruption stages was determined. Also, the usage and value of supply chain resilience measur
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Peterson, Lena. "Scandinavian Runic-text Database : a Presentation." Uppsala universitet, Seminariet för nordisk namnforskning, 1994. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-200553.

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Niblaeus, Erik Gunnar. "German influence on religious practice in Scandinavia, c. 1050-1150." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2010. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/german-influence-on-religious-practice-in-scandinavia-c-10501150(69883e31-9a94-4527-97b5-7ec9a05afd9c).html.

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The thesis is concerned with the later stages of Christianisation of Scandinavia, following the missionary period, when the church was consolidated and given secure foundations for worship and pastoral care, including the building and equipment of thousands of local churches, and the creation of a lasting diocesan structure. It argues that the German influence during this period, while often taken for granted, deserves to be investigated in more detail, and has been underplayed in recent scholarship. It is divided into five chapters, the first three more general in scope, concerned with the wh
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Wace, Pamela Margaret. "The role of enclosures in the TRB groups of central Germany, northwest Germany and southern Scandinavia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670288.

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Stern, Marjolein. "Runestone images and visual communication in Viking Age Scandinavia." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14291/.

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The aim of this thesis is the visual analysis of the corpus of Viking Age Scandinavian memorial stones that are decorated with figural images. The thesis presents an overview of the different kinds of images and their interpretations. The analysis of the visual relationships between the images, ornamentation, crosses, and runic inscriptions identifies some tendencies in the visual hierarchy between these different design elements. The contents of the inscriptions on runestones with images are also analysed in relation to the type of image and compared to runestone inscriptions in general. The
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Källström, Lisa. "Berättelser om en röd stuga : Föreställningar om en idyll ur ett svenskdidaktiskt perspektiv." Licentiate thesis, Malmö högskola, Kultur-språk-medier (KSM), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-7619.

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This licentiate-thesis, Stories About a red Cottage, is an attempt to combine cultural theory with a didactic method applied to Swedish as a field of study. With the two notions intertextuality and the foreign as a starting point, I discuss the importance of how an idyllic view of Sweden affects students studying Swedish as a foreign language as part of their studies in Scandinavistics. The students are familiar with the German culture and well aware of the legends and the myths about Sweden which are distributed via German media. At the same time they are shaping new images of Sweden in the d
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Books on the topic "German and Scandinavian"

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Evan, Torner, and Lenshyn Victoria, eds. Myth: German and Scandinavian studies. Cambridge Scholars Pub., 2009.

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Translating Scandinavia, Scandinavian Literature in Italian and German Translation, 1918-1945 (Conference) (2016 Rome, Italy). Translating Scandinavia: Scandinavian literature in Italian and German translation, 1918-1945. Edizioni Quasar, 2018.

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Hope, Nicholas. German and Scandinavian Protestantism, 1700-1918. Clarendon Press, 1995.

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Krysztofiak, Maria. Skandinavien und Mitteleuropa: Literarische Wahlverwandtschaften. ATUT, 2005.

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Wasmus, Peter. Influx: Der deutsch-skandinavische Kulturaustausch um 1900. Edited by Gísli Magnússon editor. Königshausen & Neumann, 2014.

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Library of Congress. Library of Congress classification. PT. German, Dutch, and Scandinavian literatures. Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service, 2005.

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Library of Congress. Library of Congress classification. PT. German, Dutch, and Scandinavian literatures. 2nd ed. Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service, 2000.

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Library of Congress. Library of Congress classification. PT. German, Dutch, and Scandinavian literatures. 2nd ed. Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service, 2009.

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Nordisches, Germanistentreffen (3rd 1993 Oslo Norway). Sprachgermanistik in Skandinavien II: Akten des III Nordischen Germanistentreffens, Mastemyr bei Oslo, 2.-5.6.1993. Germanistischen Instituts der Universität Oslo, 1994.

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Nordisches, Germanistentreffen (1989 Göteborg Sweden). Sprachgermanistik in Skandinavien: Akten des nordischen Germanistentreffens in Göteborg 5.-8. Juni 1989. Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "German and Scandinavian"

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Reddaway, William Fiddian. "The German War: Scandinavian Phases, 1625–1632." In A History of Europe. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003587217-11.

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Brandau, Nina. "Chapter 5. Theatre as an engine for German-Swedish cultural transfer in the early twentieth century." In FILLM Studies in Languages and Literatures. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fillm.20.05bra.

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It was not only literary exchange and travel writing that flourished between Germany and Scandinavia around 1900. The theatre sector was also influenced by increasing artistic mobility that facilitated the transfer of ideas on modern theatre across Europe. This chapter examines selected guest performances and directorships of the German theatre director Max Reinhardt and the actor Alexander Moissi in Stockholm between 1915 and 1921. Expanding the traditional idea of travel writing, the artists used guest performances as a means of allowing ideas to travel to a new national context. Using cultu
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van der Wal, Marijke J. "Non-native communication in eighteenth-century maritime circles." In Investigating West Germanic Languages. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sigl.8.11van.

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In this paper, I intend to analyze, from a historical sociolinguistic perspective, the characteristics of Dutch letters written by economic migrants in the late eighteenth century. These letters, which are part of the Leiden Letters as Loot corpora, were confiscated by the English during the Fourth Anglo-Dutch War and the American War of Independence (1776–1784). After presenting the method of finding such non-native communication, the linguistic complexity of the letter writers’ regions of origin will be discussed. Focusing on letter writers from the North Frisian islands and East Frisia, the
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Askedal, John Ole. "Typological reflections on loss of morphological case in Middle Low German and in the Mainland Scandinavian languages." In Historical Linguistics 2003. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.257.02ask.

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García Portilla, Jason. "Component 2 (Meso): Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA)." In “Ye Shall Know Them by Their Fruits”. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78498-0_16.

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AbstractThis chapter contains the meso component (Qualitative Comparative Analysis, QCA). It discusses the QCA research model, the QCA methodology, and the analysis of the QCA results.QCA is used to analyse both quantitative and qualitative data, thus enabling causal inferences. However, QCA is not a statistical technique that focuses on the likelihood of the relations among variables. Instead, it is a method based on Boolean logic, rooted in set theory, and founded on the notions of sufficiency, the necessity of conditions, and conjunctural causation.QCA results indicate, among others, that f
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Kalinke, Marianne. "Pictorial Hagiography. The Gotlandic Death of a German Emperor." In Acta Scandinavica. Brepols Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.as-eb.5.126782.

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Murray, Alan V. "The Danish Monarchy and the Kingdom of Germany, 1197-1319: The Evidence of Middle High German Poetry." In Scandinavia and Europe 800-1350. Brepols Publishers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.tcne-eb.3.4115.

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Isbell, John Claiborne. "8. Writers from Scandinavia." In Women Writers in the Romantic Age. Open Book Publishers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0458.08.

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This chapter reviews 48 women writers, 1776-1848, from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. They speak four different languages (the Finns here wrote in German or in Swedish), and write verse, drama, and prose of various descriptions. They range from aristocrats living at court to oral poets living in rural Iceland, and their aesthetics and politics vary equally widely.
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Tønnesson, Johan. "Concluding Remarks: The Power and Potential of the Concept Sakprosa (CPS): A Guided Tour Through Five Topoi." In Nordic Perspectives on the Discourse of Things. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33122-0_7.

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AbstractThe reason why the term sakprosa, imprecisely translated as non-fiction, is, in fact, untranslatable into English, is the prefix “sak” (German: Sach), with the approximate meaning “subject”, “case”, or even “thing”. Hence, in these concluding remarks to the book The Discourse of Things, the Scandinavian idiom is recommended as a foreign word to English, as has happened with the idiom “ombudsman”. It is argued that the concept is well fit to discuss and strengthen the quality of socially and culturally important texts in a democratic-ethical perspective. An appropriate understanding of
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Damiens, Margot. "‘Reconciling’ Ancient Paganism and Modern Protestantism: On the Scholarly Reception of Old Norse Mythology in the German Romantic Period." In Acta Scandinavica. Brepols Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.as-eb.5.120086.

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Conference papers on the topic "German and Scandinavian"

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Hirschel, E., B. Arlinger, I. Lind, and H. Norstrud. "German-Scandinavian cooperation in the field of aerothermodynamics of the German Hypersonics Technology Programme." In International Aerospace Planes and Hypersonics Technologies. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-6073.

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Sarakaeva, Elina. "ARCHAIZATION OF �NIBELUNGEN LEGEND� IN THE FOLKLORE OF GERMAN-SCANDINAVIAN FRONTIER." In 4th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/62/s28.081.

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Abilova, Zulfiyya. "INFLUENCE OF OTHER LANGUAGES ON THE LEXICAL SYSTEM OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE." In Proceedings of the XXIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25112020/7256.

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Many natural languages contain a large number of borrowed words, which usually enter the language as the result of cultural-historical, socio-economic and other relations between people. The article is devoted to the English language which, in the process of its historical development, was crossed with the Scandinavian languages and the Norman dialect of the French language. In addition, English almost, throughout its history, had linguistic interaction with Latin, French, Spanish, Russian, German and other languages of the world. This article examines the influence of Latin, French and Scandi
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Topaloğlu, Mustafa. "Avoidance of the Contract at International Sales of Goods." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01258.

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Avoidance the Contract is a kind of legal system arrangement which is adopted as a private law enforcement applied effortlessly, in the context of not to be performed delivery of goods in accordance with the contract. Merely, International Tendency in 20th century have fronted that avoidance of the contract is the “ultimum remedium” in the case of any breach of the contract. In several of modern sale law systems, for instance in German Law and Scandinavian Law systems, avoidance of the contract is a process which should be applied in the case of other enforcements are inadequate. The “Conventi
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Цурцумия, М. "The Evolution of the Shields Reinforced with Metal in the Middle Ages." In Военная археология. Сборник материалов научного семинара. Crossref, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2018.978-5-94375-241-4.252-267.

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В статье рассмотрены укрепленные металлом щиты из грузинских музеев и их эволю- ция в средние века. Установлено, что такие щиты появляются в Грузии и Византии в XI в. Усиление щитов металлом, видимо, происходило под влиянием Скандинавии, где существова- ла длительная традиция усиления щитов металлом. Металлические детали на щитах являются характерной чертой скандинавского и древнегерманского вооружения VI–VII вв. Распространение таких щитов в Византии нужно связывать с созданием варяжской гвардии в конце X в. С конца X в. массовое пребывание скандинавов в империи популяризировало щиты усиленны
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Степаненко, Э. С., and Н. С. Гуркина. "ABOUT THE LOCALIZING OF THE ORIGIN OF AQUAMANIL FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE STATE HERMITAGE MUSEUM." In Месмахеровские чтения — 2024 : материалы междунар. науч.-практ. конф., 21– 22 марта 2024 г. : сб. науч. ст. / ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургская государственная художественно-промышленная академия имени А. Л. Штиглица». Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54874/9785605162926.2024.10.75.

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Проблема локализации происхождения группы акваманилов, включающей сосуд в виде всадника конца XII — начала XIII вв. из коллекции Государственного Эрмитажа, на данный момент не решена. Формально- стилистический и иконографический анализ группы, а также исследование данных о торговле, добыче металлов, металлургии и быте в Венгрии, Скандинавии и германских землях позволяют выдвинуть предположение о принадлежности сосудов к магдебургскому кругу. The problem of localizing the origin of the group of aquamanils, including a vessel in the form of a horseman of the late XII — early XIII centuries. from
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Thys, Alexandre C., and Roger H. Charlier. "Marine Winds Energy on the Forefront of Development." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76254.

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Not so many decades ago any proposal to capture the energy of marine winds would have been met with condescending smiles and the conviction that if even such electricity source would be put to use it would be on at best a pilot scale. Really thoughts of large installations were just one of those far-fetched engineers’ dreams best relegated to the pages of scientific periodicals. Yet, of all the marine sources of energy harnessed to produce electricity, wind power is among the leaders. This paper will consider the wind farms established off and on shore; the largest projects have been implanted
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Behrens, Fabian, Stefan Leiprecht, Jonas Brantl, and Matthias Finkenrath. "Temporal Fusion Transformer for thermal load prediction in district heating and cooling networks." In 63rd International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2022, Trondheim, Norway, September 20-21, 2022. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp192047.

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Accurate forecasting of thermal loads is a critical factor for operating district heating and cooling networks economically, efficiently and with minimized emissions. If thermal loads are known with high accuracy in advance, use of renewable energies can be maximized, and fossil generation, in particular in peaking units, can be avoided. Machine learning has already proven to be an efficient tool for time series forecasting in this context. One recent advancement in machine learning is the "Temporal Fusion Transformer" (TFT), which shows especially good results in the area of time series forec
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Solaz, Jose, Juan Giménez, Amparo López, and Raquel Marzo. "USER-CHI: Enhancing electromobility by improving user experience of EV drivers." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-mcf-063.

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"USER-CHI is a H2020 research and innovation project, aimed at unlocking the massive potential of electromobility in Europe. This will be achieved by integrating different innovative charging technologies with a holistic perspective, putting the user at the centre and empowering it, and exploiting the synergies between electromobility and the process of greening and smartification of the grid. This process is taking place for achieving the energy transition in Europe, that together with the integration of novel technological tools, business models and regulatory measures, will transform the cu
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Węcławowicz-Gyurkovich, Ewa. "Image of a Hanseatic city in the latest Polish architectural solutions." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8086.

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The problem of the reconstruction of centres of Polish towns and cities after the destructions of the World War II evoke discussions even today. Over the first years after the war, in numerous cases the centres of historical cities and towns were lost; in the place of former market squares and networks of streets with tenements crowned with endwall trims, randomly dispersed concrete blocks of flats were erected, in order to satisfy urgent housing demands. The situation changed after 1980, when in Elbląg, Gdańsk, Szczecin, Kołobrzeg, a rule was adopted according to which the peripheral developm
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Reports on the topic "German and Scandinavian"

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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml, and Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.

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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, comp
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