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Journal articles on the topic 'German and Slovak'
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1
Pallay, Jozef. "Testing the Lexical Competence of German in Slovak-German and German(Austrian)-Czech/Slovak Adolescent Bilinguals." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 65, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2014-0004.
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Abstract The paper builds on our previous work in the field of bilingual education and/ or the process of natural bilingualisation of Slovak-German bilinguals in Slovak educational diasporas (educational islands) in Austria. Starting point of psycholinguistic testing based on classic American Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test ( PPVT -III in its revised and German version) presented in this paper is the thesis of initial lagging behind of linguistic (lexical, grammatical) competence level of language L2 of bilingual children from preschool age in relation to various sociolinguistic variables, which, however, with age may, under certain favourable conditions nearly equal competence of monolinguals and in the area of reception of language even exceed it. For testing the reception levels of German mental lexicon we used two approximately equally large groups of respondents in a bilingual secondary grammar school in Bratislava and Vienna. The hypothesis of our research was that bilingual Austrian-Czech/Slovak bilinguals from Austria would achieve significantly better results than the Slovak-German bilinguals from Slovakia. The test results, however, surprisingly disproved our hypothesis and want to contribute to the debate on setting minimum standards of language competence of bilinguals as well as on optimisation of conditions of bilingual or monolingual education of not only Slovaks abroad.
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HANULÍKOVÁ, ADRIANA, HOLGER MITTERER, and JAMES M. MCQUEEN. "Effects of first and second language on segmentation of non-native speech." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 14, no. 4 (July 11, 2011): 506–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728910000428.
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Do Slovak–German bilinguals apply native Slovak phonological and lexical knowledge when segmenting German speech? When Slovaks listen to their native language, segmentation is impaired when fixed-stress cues are absent (Hanulíková, McQueen & Mitterer, 2010), and, following the Possible-Word Constraint (PWC; Norris, McQueen, Cutler & Butterfield, 1997), lexical candidates are disfavored if segmentation leads to vowelless residues, unless those residues are existing Slovak words. In the present study, fixed-stress cues on German target words were again absent. Nevertheless, in support of the PWC, both German and Slovak listeners recognized German words (e.g., Rose “rose”) faster in syllable contexts (suckrose) than in single-consonant contexts (krose, trose). But only the Slovak listeners recognized, for example, Rose faster in krose than in trose (k is a Slovak word, t is not). It appears that non-native listeners can suppress native stress segmentation procedures, but that they suffer from prevailing interference from native lexical knowledge.
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Jeřábek, Tomáš. "The Effects of Selected Macroeconomic Variables on Tourism Demand for the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic from Germany, Poland, Austria, and Slovakia." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 22, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 25–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cer-2019-0021.
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International tourism is one of the most important sectors of the open economy. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects that income as gross domestic product, tourism price as the real exchange rate, and travel cost as the price of Brent crude oil have on inbound tourism demand (tourist arrivals) from Poland, Slovakia, Germany, and Austria in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic over the period 2002:M1–2018:M5. The number of Polish, German, Slovak and Austrian tourists accommodated in collective accommodation establishments within the South Moravian Region as a dependent variable are considered. To achieve this aim, cointegration analysis under the VECM approach is applied. The results show that Slovak, Polish, Austrian and German tourists respond positively to their income changes. Austrian and Slovak tourists respond negatively to changes in tourism prices in the Czech Republic. Tourists from Germany and Poland do not respond to changes in the Czech price level since their elasticity coefficients are non‑significant. German, Austrian and Slovak tourists respond negatively to transportation cost changes. Polish tourists do not respond to transport cost changes since their elasticity coefficient is non‑significant.
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Juhászová, Tereza. "The Troubled Pasts of Hungarian and German Minorities in Slovakia and Their Representation in Museums." Journal of Nationalism, Memory & Language Politics 12, no. 1 (July 30, 2018): 52–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jnmlp-2018-0002.
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Abstract In the 20th century, the two world wars reshaped the map of Central Europe as well as the status of Central Europe’s diverse societies. In my article, I focus on the Hungarian and German minorities in Slovakia and the representation of their problematic historical past in contemporary Slovak museums. More specifically, I zoom in on the exhibition Exchanged Homes displayed in Bratislava, which aims to commemorate the fate of Hungarians, Germans, and Slovaks, all of whom were affected by the population transfers after World War II. Based on the concept of memorial museums theorized by Paul Williams, I aim to show how the different exhibitions engage with the traumatic past of forceful resettlement. By offering multifaceted memories of a troubled past, these exhibitions avoid categorizing “victims” and “perpetrators” along national or ethnic lines. My paper thus analyzes the concepts and components of the exhibitions—the context of the postwar events, oral history interviews, and objects of everyday use that should bring the visitor closer to the experience of the people who were forced to leave. I argue that exhibitions of this sort have the ability to challenge the dominant historical narrative focusing on a national “Slovak” history and help the process of reconciliation between the Slovak majority society, and the Hungarian and German minorities.
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Kampf, Rudolf, Miloš Hitka, and Lenka Ližbetinová. "Direction of the Corporate Culture in Slovak and German Transport Companies from a Top Managers' Perspective." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 47, no. 3 (July 17, 2018): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.11166.
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The objective of the paper is to compare the level of corporate culture in Slovakia and Germany. Top managers of large transport companies were asked to participate in our research. Following the analysis, hierarchy corporate culture, with dominant features such as keeping within rules, regulations, was preferred in Slovak companies. Top Slovak managers asked for following this trend in the future. Clan corporate culture was the most used at present time as well as most preferred in following 5 years in Germany. Top German managers focused on employee's needs and employee's development. Our recommendation for top German managers is to remain in this trend. For top Slovak managers we propose to change their perception and to consider employees as a key factor. Employees are owners of new creative ideas through which enterprises can build their competitive advantage.
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Šimko, Juraj. "Slovak Troops in Italy During Second Word War." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 23, no. 1 (June 20, 2017): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2017-0044.
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Abstract This article deals with activities of Slovak military troops in Italy during the World War II in the period from October 1943 to the end of war. Article describes the construction of field fortifications on the German defensive lines in central and northern Italy. As well it describes the appearance of resistance to the alliance with Nazi Germany, the involvement of the Slovaks in Italian resistance and the culmination of the fight against Nazism. The resulting manifestation was the creation of the 1st Czechoslovak division in Italy, which fought against German troops alongside the Allies at the end of the war.
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Švecová, Adriana. "Švecová, Adriana, Deutsch-slowakische interlinguale Parallelen in der Erbrechtsterminologie am Beispiel der Tyrnauer Bürgertestamente des 18. und der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 136, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 229–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgg-2019-0008.
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Abstract The Interlingual German-Slovak Parallels in the Law of Succession Terminology of the Trnava Burgher Testaments from the 18th and 19th Centuries. The author focused on the terminology related to German and Slovak testaments from the 18th and 19th centuries, which can be found in the Slovak State archive in Trnava (town in the northern part of the Hungarian Kingdom, more precisely in its part called Upper Hungary which is the present-day Slovakia). The terms’ analysis was descriptive and comparative. The the research analyzes the historical language (gained through archival research), it reflects the legal-historical background and the relation of language and terminology. This research paper is of comparative character and gives evidence of how German language influenced the Slovak language due to interlingual coexistence of these two ethnic groups, dominant in the urban areas of the Upper Hungary region, i.e. the present-day Slovakia.
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Nestakova, Denisa, and Eduard Nižňanský. "Swedish interventions in the tragedy of the Jews of Slovakia." Nordisk Judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 27, no. 2 (December 5, 2016): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.67609.
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This article describes a largely unknown Swedish effort to intervene in deportations of Jews of Slovakia between 1942 and 1944. Swedish officials and religious leaders used their diplomatic correspondence with the Slovak government to extract some Jewish individuals and later on the whole Jewish community of Slovakia from deportations by their government and eventually by German officials. Despite the efforts of the Swedish Royal Consulate in Bratislava, the Swedish archbishop, Erling Eidem, and the Slovak consul, Bohumil Pissko, in Stockholm, and despite the acts taken by some Slovak ministries, the Slovak officials, including the president of the Slovak Republic, Jozef Tiso, revoked further negotiations in the autumn of 1944. However, the negotiations between Slovakia and Sweden created a scope for actions to protect some Jewish individuals which were doomed to failure because of the political situation. Nevertheless, this plan and the previous diplomatic interventions are significant for a description of the almost unknown Swedish and Slovak efforts to save the Jews of Slovakia. Repeated Swedish offers to take in Jewish individuals and later the whole community could well have prepared the way for larger rescues. These never occurred, given the Slovak interest in deporting their own Jewish citizens and later the German occupation of Slovakia.
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HRUBOŇ, ANTON, and PETER MIČKO. "SLOVAKS IN YUGOSLAVIA AND IN ITS TERRITORIES UNDER FOREIGN OCCUPATION DURING WORLD WAR II." ИСТРАЖИВАЊА, no. 29 (December 26, 2018): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/i.2018.29.163-175.
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Slovak minority has been co-creating a multicultural character of contemporary Serbia since the first half of the 18th century. The Slovaks living in former Yugoslavia as an integral part of the Yugoslav society also had to experience the turbulent events at the turn of the 1930s and 1940s. After the Axis invasion and destruction of Yugoslavia in April 1941 the Slovak community, historically settled in Bačka, Banat and Srem, was divided into three countries/occupational zones. Slovaks living in Srem became the citizens of independent Croatia, Slovaks living in Bačka became the citizens of the Hungarian Kingdom and Slovaks from Banat lived in territories under direct German occupation. The paper portrays main features of this minority’s political and cultural life in wartime Yugoslavia and its territories under foreign occupation, core problems of existence within changing regimes and the attitude of the Slovak minority towards the Slovak State (Slovak Republic) established on 14 March 1939 with an emphasis on religiously motivated conflicts between the mostly Lutheran Slovak minority in Yugoslavia and the Catholic regime of Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party (the ruling and only allowed political party in the Slovak State/Republic).
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Valentsova, Marina M., and Elena S. Uzeneva. "25 years of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Slovak Academy of Sciences." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 15, no. 3-4 (2020): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2020.15.3-4.16.
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The essay was written to mark the 25th anniversary of the Slavic Institute named after Jan Stanislav SAS (Bratislava). The Institute was founded to conduct interdisciplinary research on the relationships of the Slovak language and culture with other Slavic languages and cultures, as well as to study the Slovak-Latin, Slovak-Hungarian, and Slovak-German cultural and linguistic interactions in ancient times and the Middle Ages. The article introduces the main milestones in the formation and development of the Institute, its employees, the directions of their scientific work, and their significant publications. The main areas of research of the Slavic Institute (initially the Slavic Cabinet) cover linguistics (lexicography, history of language), history, folklore, cultural studies, musicology, and textology. Much attention is paid to the annotated translation of foreign religious texts into Slovak. A valuable contribution of the Institute to Slavic Studies is the creation of a database of Cyrillic and Latin handwritten and printed texts related to the Byzantine-Slavic tradition in Slovakia.
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Лифанов, Константин Васильевич. "Из истории становления словацкого литературного языка: кодификация А. Бернолака и формирование нормы в текстах бернолаковцев А. Руднаи и Ф. К. Габела." Slavistica Vilnensis 56, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/slavviln.2011.2.1453.
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Konstantin V. LifanovFrom the History of Formation of the Slovak Literary Language: A. Bernolák’s Codification and Norm Formation in Texts of Bernolák’s Supporters A. Rudnay and Fr.K. Habel This paper deals with Bernolák’s codification in comparison with the real form of Bernolák’s literary language presented in sermons of the Hungarian Cardinal A. Rudnay and translation of the religious treatise from German by Fr. X. Habel. This comparison shows that in real practice Bernolák’s language changed its character, coming nearer to norm of traditional Slovak writing. As a result typical elements, the most widespread in a West Slovak dialect or characterizing peripheral the Záhorie dialect of West Slovakia and the Czech language, forced out the elements concentrated in the Central Slovak dialect. The found out phenomena testifies that the norm essentially different from codification was formed in Bernolák‘s language.
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Moravčíková, Henrieta. "An Intriguing Work of Engineering and Architecture: The Collonnade Bridge in Piešt’any." Bridges and Infrastructures, no. 45 (2011): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/45.a.sp7eqbzt.
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The period around the year 1930 could be termed the culminating point with respect to the Modern architectural avant-garde in Slovakia. It was then that the concepts emerged from the most important works, the first Slovak architectural journals began to be published, the School of Applied Arts opened, as a Slovak variant of the German Bauhaus, and an entire range of other artistic and social initiatives indicated that Slovakia’s cultural environment could not only absorb avant-garde impulses, but develop them in a unique way. It was precisely at this moment that the history of one of the most famed bridges in Slovakia, the Colonnade Bridge in Piešt’any, began to be written.
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David, Jaroslav, and Tereza Klemensová. "Still having a conflict potential? German and Hungarian toponyms in the Czech and Slovak national corpora texts." Miscellanea Geographica 23, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2019-0005.
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Abstract The paper focuses on German forms of place names in Czechia and Slovakia, and Hungarian forms of place names in Slovakia, especially on their revitalization and perception after 1989. This concerns their thematization, which is illustrated on the Czech National Corpus and the Slovak National Corpus materials, and on the 1990s discussions about their restoration. German place-name forms are not considered to be a crucial political topic these days; however, Hungarian forms still represent a conflict potential. German forms in Czechia are only thematized in poetry and fiction books, in order to evoke lasting time and the complicated modern Czech history. On the other hand, they are predominantly used in trade names as a marketing tool aimed at German (localization function) and Czech customers (allusive function). In Slovakia, Hungarian forms are not used in marketing and are not thematized in fiction as a positive value connected with the national history.
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Dambek, Małgorzata. "Wielość światów. Kilka refleksji o twórczości lirycznej Pavla Straussa." Slavia Occidentalis, no. 73/2 (June 14, 2018): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/so.2016.73.27.
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Writer Pavol Strauss is little known in Slovakia and Poland because there were several decades between his first collections of poetry written in the German language in the period between the two World Wars and his Slovak post-war essays, and then his other works (essays, diaries and aphorisms) published sporadically or after 1989 on the other. He published four collections of poetry in German: Die Kanone auf dem Ei (1936), Schwarze Verse (1937), Worte aus der Nacht (published bilingually in 2001) and Bruder Abel lebt ja noch (manuscript).After 1946 Pavol Strauss stopped writing poetry and stopped writing in German.
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Ďurčo, Peter. "Phraseological constructions preposition + noun in German and Slovak." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 17, no. 3 (2020): 412–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2020.304.
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On the example of lexico-syntagmatic combinatorics of minimal phrases of the preposition + noun type, a new approach to the study of equivalence from the point of view regarding their collocability, aspects of use, and recurrent lexical expansion models based on large corpora in German in compariosn to Slovak is presented. A special type of German prepositional phrase (PP) with a zero or fossilized article is examined. The zero article or the fossilized article before the noun indicates a higher degree of lexicalization and is therefore of particular interest from the point of view of phraseology. Analysis of PP is primarily carried out in their usual language environment in authentic corpus data. The corpus data in the form of cooccurrence-profiles and recurrent lexical extensions are processed qualitatively from the point of typical reproducible lexical-semantic fields, for which a special lexpan program is used. This approach is used in parallel to find equivalence in the German-Slovak language pair. The article shows the reasons for the polyequivalence of this type of minimal phrases. Convergences and discrepancies between PP and their equivalents do not form clear disjunctive relationships. Factors affecting the equivalence of PP include the divergences of extensional or intensional semantics and the scattered inclusion of aspects of use, typical collocation profiles of the compared PP, and their recurrent extension models. In the German-Slovak comparison, the heterogeneous character of compatible verbs with special features in aspect and type of action also plays an important role. These analyses are evidence for our previous observations, which showed that the equivalent depends on the typical fixed, usual environment and the hypothesis of a proto typical equivalent in the case of PP raises serious doubts.
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Franek, Ladislav. "L’essence éthique du dialogue culturel." Interlitteraria 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2020.25.2.3.
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The ethical essence of cultural dialogue. The definition of comparative literary studies in Slovakia. Historical poetics in the works of D. Ďurišin, focused on the typological essence of literary phenomena on the basis of interrelating theoretical and developmental aspects of national literature. The differences of Slovak methodology from Western positivist models of the study of interliterariness. Parallel existence of the principles of literary history and criticism in the reception analyses of Russian, German and French literatures by older Slovak scholars. The onset of realism in Slovak literature at the end of the 19th century (S. Hurban Vajanský). The important contribution of J. Felix’s critical reflection of universalist tendencies in European and esp. modern French writing. The complexity of organically incorporating these impulses into the context of Slovak literature as a result of the provincial character of a “small” nation. The wealth of translations from contemporary world literatures and its positive impact on the work of many Slovak writers in spite of the discontinuity of research in this area after 1989. Urgent need to return to similar forms of literary-cultural reflection and self-reflection through reviving an intensive philological, linguistic, theoretical-critical and historical study at our universities.
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Franek, Ladislav. "L’essence éthique du dialogue culturel." Interlitteraria 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2020.25.2.3.
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The ethical essence of cultural dialogue. The definition of comparative literary studies in Slovakia. Historical poetics in the works of D. Ďurišin, focused on the typological essence of literary phenomena on the basis of interrelating theoretical and developmental aspects of national literature. The differences of Slovak methodology from Western positivist models of the study of interliterariness. Parallel existence of the principles of literary history and criticism in the reception analyses of Russian, German and French literatures by older Slovak scholars. The onset of realism in Slovak literature at the end of the 19th century (S. Hurban Vajanský). The important contribution of J. Felix’s critical reflection of universalist tendencies in European and esp. modern French writing. The complexity of organically incorporating these impulses into the context of Slovak literature as a result of the provincial character of a “small” nation. The wealth of translations from contemporary world literatures and its positive impact on the work of many Slovak writers in spite of the discontinuity of research in this area after 1989. Urgent need to return to similar forms of literary-cultural reflection and self-reflection through reviving an intensive philological, linguistic, theoretical-critical and historical study at our universities.
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Лазарева, Наталья, and Natalya Lazareva. "HISTORY OF CRIMINAL LEGISLATION DEVELOPMENT IN SLOVAKIA." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, no. 5 (December 2, 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/16140.
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The subject of this research is criminal legislation of the Slovak Republic since the merge of Slovakia in the AustroHungarian Empire (XIX century) to the present day. The article analyzes the emergency criminal legislation of the World War II period, the socialist Criminal Codes of the Czechoslovak Republic (1950, 1961) and the existing Criminal Code of the Slovak Republic of 2005. The article also touches upon the country’s constitutional development on the example of the adopted Constitutions of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1948, 1960) and the Constitution of the Slovak Republic (1992). The author pays special attention to the integration of Slovakia into the European legal framework when it became a member of the European Union in 2004. The article also contains comparative analysis of the main institutions of the criminal law in Russia and Slovakia. During the research the author used the following special methods: historical, logical, and comparative law method, which includes a variety of techniques (doctrinal, regulatory, functional comparison). As opposed to the criminal law of other European Union countries, the Slovak criminal law has remained practically unexplored by the Russian criminal law doctrine. But it is very unique because it comprises the combination of Austrian, German and Russian criminal law ideas which is conditioned by historical peculiarities of this state’s development. On the example of Slovakia, the author demonstrates possibility of combining the national legal legacy and directives of the European Union.
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Dobrik, Zdenko. "Denominal, deadjectival and deverbal adjectives in Slovak and German." XLinguae 10, no. 3 (June 2017): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2017.10.03.11.
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Toulová, Martina, Marcela Tuzová, and Jakub Straka. "The Aspects of Managing Risks in Connection with the Internationalization of Smes from Selected Central European Countries." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 5 (2016): 1775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664051775.
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Insufficient domestic demand and increasing competition force small and medium‑sized enterprises (SMEs) to engage in internationalization process and enter to foreign markets. This process, however, carries risks that should be appropriate managed. In order to identify similarities and differences in the approach of SMEs from selected Central European countries towards managing these risks and find out whether perception of risks differ based on domestic country of the SMEs, questionnaire survey among Czech, Slovak, German, Austrian and Poland SMEs was performed in 2014. It was found that more Austrian and German SMEs, compared to Czech, Slovak and Polish SMEs, do not apply any method of risk analysis but are more focused on some form of protection in international operations. As the most common form was identified payment in advance. It was also found that Austrian and German SMEs prefer to use bank products rather that conclude long‑term contracts or verify the credibility of their foreign business partners used by Czech, Slovak and Poland SMEs. Based on statistical testing, significant differences appeared in risk perception of SMEs from different countries. Especially perception of market risks, transportation risks and risk of natural disasters.
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Jurčová, Monika, and Kristián Csach. "Unfair Contract Terms Protection in Slovakia." osteuropa recht 66, no. 1 (2020): 163–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2020-1-163.
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The unfair contract terms protection in Slovakia is currently regulated by a system of rules in the Slovak Civil Code; the path to the current extent of consumer protection has not been very straightforward. This article analyses the legislative framework on unfair terms, and questions of law enforcement. It further outlines selected issues and empirical evidence in the context of “surprising contract terms,” transparency of a contract term, legislative power of the judiciary, it discusses the controversial of the German approach to resolve conflicts revolving around unfair clauses. The article concludes that the current Slovak regulation of unfair terms in consumer contracts seems to fulfil the requirements set by the UCTD; however, all in all, Slovakia’s national regulation remains fragmented in the Civil Code, the Act on Consumer Protection and special sectoral regulation and supplemented by special procedural regulation.
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Wingfield, Nancy Meriwether. "Czech-Sudeten German Relations in Light of the “Velvet Revolution”: Post-Communist Interpretations∗." Nationalities Papers 24, no. 01 (March 1996): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999608408429.
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On 27 February 1992, almost 47 years after the end of the Second World War, Chancellor Helmut Kohl of a re-united Germany and President Václav Havel of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic [the ČSFR] signed a Friendship Treaty between their two countries in the Spanish Room of Prague Castle, the residence of the Czechoslovak president. While this treaty could have signalled a new era of Sudeten German-Czech relations, in fact it did not, as some 2,000 protesters who greeted Kohl and Havel with denunciatory placards following the signing made clear. Why not?
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Balaj, Luz, and Florent Muçaj. "The Extension of the Jurisdiction of Constitutional Court in Assessing the Constitutional Amendments – the Case of Slovakia and Kosovo." International and Comparative Law Review 20, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/iclr-2020-0027.
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Summary This paper examines the jurisprudence of the constitutional courts of Slovakia and Kosovo regarding their assessment of the constitutionality of constitutional amendments. The rationale for the selected countries stands behind the practices of their Constitutional Courts of, in terms of the jurisdiction expansion in assessing constitutional amendments. Considering the fact that these courts have been recently established, the Slovak Constitutional Court with the Constitution of 1992 and the Constitutional Court of Kosovo with the Constitution of 2008, it is the purpose of this paper to further analyze their initial work in assessing the constitutionality of constitutional amendments in the light of the impact of the German jurisprudence. Regardless the lack of experience in this regard, these courts have shown an interesting correlation between scientific doctrines and jurisprudences, which have served the judges to justify their decisions. In this direction, this paper frames its discussion in two key segments. Firstly, is the manner in which these courts have expanded their jurisdiction, an expansion that provided an assess to the constitutionality of constitutional amendments that goes beyond confronting the amendment with the explicit nature of the unamendability of the constitution. Secondly, on the impact of the German jurisprudence, especially in the case of the Slovak Constitutional court.
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Richter, Ludwig. "Rúfus-Rezeption im deutschen Sprachraum. Eine Bestandsaufnahme." Zeitschrift für Slawistik 64, no. 3 (August 6, 2019): 327–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2019-0020.
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Summary Milan Rúfus (1928–2009) is one of the most received Slovak poets in the German-speaking world. Hitherto 150 of his poems have been translated into German and published in 14 anthologies as well as two single volumes. His reception in the German language area is presented chronologically, taking into consideration the respective occasions and literary coherences. Moreover, the linguistic solutions of the German translations and their relation to the original as well as among each other will be examined by considering selected examples.
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Wiedenhofer, Roswitha, Christian Friedl, Lubomir Billy, and Daniela Olejarova. "Application of IC-models in a combined public-private sector setting for regional innovation in Slovakia." Journal of Intellectual Capital 18, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 588–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jic-11-2016-0110.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to support the competitiveness and knowledge-based economic growth of the Slovak region of Košice and its stakeholders; suitable intellectual capital (IC) methodologies were selected and applied. This approach responds to a weak innovation performance of Slovakia in general and a weak connection of the Slovak labour market and vocational training system. Design/methodology/approach The methodological “backbone” is given by IC reporting (ICR). The two ICR models – the Austrian University model and the German “Alwert” model – were selected and transferred to higher educational institutions (HEI) and companies in Košice. The knowledge transfer was accomplished by implementation of on-site trainings with different groups of stakeholders, supported by e-learning. Several accompanying in-depth interviews with Austrian stakeholders were conducted to derive recommendations for ICR implementation in the Slovak public sector. Findings Beyond knowledge transfer, a shared understanding of the importance of IC management and common “IC language” between different stakeholders of the regional innovation system could be developed. Further, several recommendations for a sound development of an IC governance tool for HEI were elaborated. Practical implications The knowledge transfer and practical implementation of this Slovak case were successful. Requests for follow-up initiatives, invitations for conferences, development of projects including ICR elements prove this valuation. Originality/value A methodological innovation was accomplished by adapting a set of innovation key drivers as structural base for the development of the regional innovation function and interaction of stakeholders.
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Kováč, Dušan. "Commentry: Crucible of Nationhood." Austrian History Yearbook 35 (January 2004): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800021007.
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It is Difficult to find fault with Peter Bugge's study, which is based on a very solid knowledge of the most important literature and sources. For many centuries, the citizens of Bratislava (Pressburg/Pozsony) had lived their own lives, which were only minimally touched by ethnic or national conflicts. Their mentality was best reflected by an anecdote published in the Pressburger Zeitung in 1919, shortly before Czechoslovakia's first census:Two “Pressburger” met in the street.“What nationality will you declare on the census? Are you a German?” the first one asks.“I am not a German,” answers the second.“Will you declare yourself a Magyar?”“No, I am not a Magyar.”“Then you must be a Slovak.”“No, I am not a Slovak.”“And what nationality are you actually?”“I am a Pressburgeaner.”
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Gromová, Edita, Daniela Müglová, and Emília Perez. "Culture in advertising and advertising in culture: Communication, translation, representation." Ars Aeterna 9, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aa-2017-0011.
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Abstract The authors of the paper focus on the intercultural dimension in the translation of advertising texts, attempting to compare and illustrate the influence of cultural elements upon advertising text-creation in American, German and Slovak cultural spaces. Reflecting the social, psychological and cultural aspects of translation transfer, they survey the tension between the domestic and the foreign and consequent choices in translation strategy. They present tendencies observed across a span of almost two decades in the translation of advertising texts into Slovak and provide possible explanations for their development.
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Arp, Björn. "Slowakische Republik (Slovak Republic) v. Achmea B.V." American Journal of International Law 112, no. 3 (July 2018): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2018.56.
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On March 6, 2018, the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU or Court) rendered its judgment in Slowakische Republic (Slovak Republic) v. Achmea B.V. (Achmea decision) in response to the German Federal Court of Justice's (Bundesgerichtshof) request for a preliminary ruling. Deciding for the first time on the compatibility of the arbitration provision in bilateral investment treaties (BITs) with European Union (EU) law, the Court concluded that the investor-state arbitration clause in the Dutch-Slovak BIT was incompatible with EU law because it violated the principle of autonomy. The Court will soon respond to Belgium's request for an Opinion on the Canada-EU free trade agreement (FTA), where it will rule on the compatibility of extra-EU investment agreements with EU law.
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Renner, Walter, Almut Thomas, Marina Mikulajová, and Denisa Newman. "Threat Perception and Modern Racism as Possible Predictors of Attitudes towards Asylum Seekers: Comparative Findings from Austria, Germany, and Slovakia." International Journal of Business and Social Research 7, no. 12 (January 3, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v7i12.1081.
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<p>Autochthon Europeans reacted inconsistently to rising numbers of asylum applications in 2015 and 2016. While some of them welcomed asylum seekers enthusiastically, others reacted with hostility. The objective of this study was to test a predictive model of these individual differences by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Both, in a German-speaking (N = 349 Austrians and Germans) and in a Slovak (N = 307) adult sample, the perception of "cultural threat" was a strong predictor of attitudes towards asylum seekers, whereas perceived "economic threat" and "modern racism" did not explain additional proportions of the variance.</p>
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Králik, Ľubor. "Is Slovak dialectal posádeš, pošádes, pošajdes related etymologically to Russian posad ‘ritual of seating on an honorary place during the wedding feast'?" Slavic and Balkan Linguistics, no. 2 (2019): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3372.2019.2.8.
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The article discusses Slovak dialectal posádeš, pošádes, pošajdes (deno-ting various gifts mostly in form of food, especially baked goods, related to traditional weddings and/or other festive occasions) which has been re-cently compared etymologically with Russian posad ‘ritual of seating on an honorary place during the wedding feast' (deverbative of Slavonic saditi, perf. po-saditi ‘to seat down'; cf. Gura 2012, 2013). The author makes an attempt to develop the hypothesis, according to which the lexeme is auto-chthonous to Slovak; nevertheless, he prefers the explanation presented by Rudolf (1991: loanword from German Bescheidessen ‘food from a feast sent to neighbours, given to guests as a gift for their relatives who did not take part in the celebration, etc.') which he еlаbоrаtеs and compares with the Slovak dialectal material.
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Šalamon, I. "The Slovak gene pool of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and comparison in its parameters." Horticultural Science 31, No. 2 (November 25, 2011): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3795-hortsci.
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Plant habit and production of secondary metabolites in chamomile plants depend on endogenous and exogenous factors that can be divided into two groups (Franz 1982): a) morpho-ontogenetic variability, b) genetic variability or genetic determinateness. The activity of these factors is reflected in biomass production, flower drug production, content and composition of essential oil and some other characteristics of chamomile stands. This study presents genetic and environmental variations of essential oil and its sesquiterpene composition – (-)-B of chamomile population (Lawrence 1986). Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the chamomile essential oil of selected cultivars indicate (-)- compounds belong to the chemotype C group (Lawrence 1986). Parameters of the composition of essential oil from cultivated chamomile varieties,
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Navratilova, Zdenka, Jozef Lukac, Frantisek Mrazek, Eva Kriegova, Maria Bucova, Vladimir Bosak, and Martin Petrek. "MCP-1 −2518 A/G Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Slovak Patients with Systemic Sclerosis." Mediators of Inflammation 2008 (2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/204063.
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Recent study in a group of German patients with SSc has implicated the SNP in the MCP-1 gene (−2518 A to G) as a factor of susceptibility to SSc. Reflecting the need for replication of genetic association studies, we investigated if this SNP is associated with SSc in another Caucasian population. MCP-1 −2518 A/G genotypes were determined using PCR-SSP in 46 SSc patients and in 449 healthy subjects, all unrelated and of Slovak (Slavonic) origin. The distribution of MCP-1 −2518 A/G genotypes complied with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium both in patient and healthy control groups. There was no difference in MCP-1 −2518∗G allele frequency between SSc patients and healthy subjects (patients: 0.23; controls: 0.24; P>.05). Furthermore, MCP-1 −2518 GG homozygotes were similarly represented among SSc patients and healthy subjects (P>.05). The association of MCP-1 −2518 A/G SNP with SSc observed originally in German population was not replicated in the Slovak population.
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Gábriš, Tomáš. "The Legacy of Socialist Constitutionalism in Slovakia: The Right of the Slovak Nation to Self-Determination." Russian Law Journal 9, no. 2 (June 4, 2021): 70–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17589/2309-8678-2021-9-2-70-91.
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Albeit in 1918 the Slovak nation voluntarily became a “branch” of the single Czechoslovak nation and of the unitary Czechoslovak state, the connection with the Czechs was rather perceived as a strategic move until the Slovak nation develops its capacity for the execution of its own right to self-determination. In the context of Czechoslovakia being under pressure of Hitler’s Germany in 1938, Slovak autonomists managed to exploit the situation and Slovakia was granted autonomy within Czechoslovakia. Soon thereafter, in March 1939, an “independent” Slovak State was created, in fact being under direct control of Nazi Germany. The authoritarian political regime of the War-Time Slovakia was soon rejected by Slovaks themselves and the Slovak nation was rather willing to sacrifice its independence in order to return to the democratic regime of Czechoslovakia in 1945. Still, there were attempts to change the position of Slovaks and Slovakia within Czechoslovakia, which eventually materialized in the form of the federalization of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in 1968/69, giving Slovaks for the first time (apart from the Hitler-sponsored statehood in 1939–1945) their formal republican statehood, albeit only within a system of limited socialist federalism. Still, this allowed for a relatively simple change of this formal statehood into an internationally recognized independent Slovak Republic in 1993. The socialist constitutional recognition of self-determination of the Slovak nation in the form of a Socialist Republic thus paved the way to the currently existing Slovakia, hence making it the most important legacy of the (Czecho-)Slovak socialist history.
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Votruba, Martin. "Hang Him High: The Elevation of Jánošík to an Ethnic Icon." Slavic Review 65, no. 1 (2006): 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4148521.
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In this paper, Martin Votruba traces the evolution of the Jánošík myth. The highwayman Jánošík is a living legend in Czech, Polish, and Slovak cultures. Contrary to common claims, the modern celebratory myth of the brigand hanged in the eighteenth century is at odds with the traditional images of brigandage in the western Carpathians. Folk songs and The Hungarian Simplicissimus of the seventeenth century often anathematize highway robbery. High literature of the mostly Slovak counties of the Kingdom of Hungary in the Habsburg empire similarly cast Jánošík as a criminal. Yet some intellectuals, such as Pavol Jozef Šafárik, inspired by the robber in German literature, singled out Jánošík from among other brigands and reduced that folklore-based opprobrium. Others, such as Ján Kollár, resisted Jánošík's rehabilitation. Subsequent Central European national revivals and ethnic activism prompted the Slovak romantic poets to reinvent Jánošík as a folk rebel against social and ethnic oppression.
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Maťašík, Andrej. "Borodáč’s Chlapci na Stráži." Slovenske divadlo /The Slovak Theatre 65, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 158–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sd-2017-0010.
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Abstract This study deals with the production of the play Chlapci na stráži [Boys on Guard], which was awarded in a competition organized on the occasion of the twentieth anniversary of the establishment of Czechoslovakia in the spring of 1938. It was written by Ján Borodáč, the artistic director of the Drama Company of the Slovak National Theatre under the pseudonym of Ján Debnár. By the time it was premiered on 29 October 1939, there had been significant political changes. Following the Munich Agreement, Czechoslovakia, based on the decision of the prime ministers of France, Great Britain, Italy and Germany, had lost ethnically mixed Czech-German borderlands, President Eduard Beneš had offered his resignation and had gone into exile, and Slovakia had got the autonomy it was promised by the Pittsburgh Agreement (an obligation that had gone unfulfilled for long). The play which was supposed to celebrate the anniversary of the Czechoslovak Republic paradoxically acquired a new meaning under the pressure of these changes - it celebrated the autonomy and called for a defiance of revisionist pressures from Horthy’s Hungary.
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Nikitin, Viktor. "Slovakia and V4: European Dimension." Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 17, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran520203844.
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After the formation in March 2020 of a new government coalition led by Igor Matovic, the Slovak government has adopted the foreign policy concept analyzing the European agenda. The Slovak Prime Minister participates in several meetings of the EU Council and at the EU summit on July 17-21, 2020. Before his arrival in Brussels, the Slovak politician visited all the countries of the Visegrad Four. Both the meetings of the EU Council and bilateral and multilateral negotiations within the Visegrad Group had a pronounced «pandemic» component: they mainly discussed the EU instruments for overcoming the consequences of COVID-19 (EU budget, Recovery Fund and Next generation EU). The organization of a videoconference between the Prime Ministers of the Central European countries and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel on May 19, 2020, had a very positive effect on the satisfactory results for the Visegrad countries of the EU Summit. As the pandemic subsides, on the agenda of European Council appeared foreign policy issues, especially the Belarus crises.
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Mojžišová, Michaela. "Peter Konwitschny, Opera and Theatre Director Shaping the Profile of the Bratislava Opera of a New Millennium." Slovenske divadlo /The Slovak Theatre 65, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 266–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sd-2017-0015.
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Abstract The paper examines the work of the acclaimed German opera and theatre director Peter Konwitschny at the Opera of the Slovak National Theatre. The authoress bases herself on an analysis of the productions of Eugen Onegin (2005) [Eugene Onegin], by Tchaikovsky, Puccini’s Madama Butterfly (2007) and Bohéma (2013) [La bohème], Janáček‘s Vec Makropulos (2015) [The Makropulos Affair], and Halévy‘s Židovka (2017) [La Juive], all of which, save for Janáček‘s opera, the Opera of the Slovak National Theatre has borrowed from foreign theatre scenes. The authoress makes a stocklist of the basic principles of Konwitschny’s direction signature and his contribution to theatre production, as well as to the artistic ensemble of the Bratislava Opera.
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Gold, David L. "Zinfandel: An American English Word of Czech, German, Hungarian, and/or Slovak Origin." Names 44, no. 1 (March 1996): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/nam.1996.44.1.59.
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Rybár, Pavol, Tibor Sasvári, Ladislav Hvizdák, Jana Hvizdáková, and Bartolomej Baláž. "Geotouristic excursion to selected historical mining sites developed by Slovak and German miners in the Gelnica-Smolník region, Slovakia." Geotourism/Geoturystyka 20, no. 1 (2010): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geotour.2010.20.23.
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Grela, Eugeniusz R., Wioletta Samolińska, Wojciech Rybiński, Bożena Kiczorowska, Edyta Kowalczuk-Vasilev, Jan Matras, and Sylwia Wesołowska. "Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Factors in Vicia sativa L. Seeds and the Variability of Phenotypic and Morphological Characteristics of Some Vetch Accessions Cultivated in European Countries." Animals 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010044.
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Agricultural research has traditionally focused on staple crops, while relatively little attention has been given to minor crops. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the nutrient contents and some anti-nutritional factors in the seeds of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and the variation of phenotypic and morphological traits in field studies of 44 European accessions, originating from Russia, Ukraine, Poland (east and east-central Europe), the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Hungary (south-central Europe), and Germany (west-central Europe) and grown in the same soil-climate conditions. A three-year field study was conducted from 2010 to 2012. Accessions originating from west-central Europe flowered three days earlier than those from south-central Europe. They also had the lowest seed number per pod (5.9) but the highest thousand seed weight (58 g) (p < 0.05). Vetch lines coming from south-central Europe contained the highest level of crude protein in comparison with vetch seeds originating from west-central Europe (353 vs. 324 g kg−1, respectively) (p < 0.05), but the latter had the highest essential amino acid index value (75 vs. 71 in west-central Europe and south-central Europe, respectively) (p < 0.05). The highest protein level was noted in the seeds of Slovak origin (average 358 g kg−1), whereas the lowest protein level (324 g kg−1) was determined in the Russian and German lines. Vetch grain fat was rich in linoleic (53%) and linolenic (14%) acids. The best n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio (4) and the highest α-linolenic acid level were exhibited by the Slovak and Polish accessions (p < 0.05). The seeds of vetch accessions from east, east-central, and south-central Europe contained higher levels of (p < 0.05) iron than those originating from west-central Europe. The concentration of tannins, trypsin inhibitors, and hydrogen cyanide reached on average 8, 3, and 81 mg kg−1, respectively. The highest hydrogen cyanide (HCN) levels was determined in the accessions of German and Russian origin (126 and 119 mg kg−1, respectively), and the lowest values were noted in the Slovak and Polish lines (50 and 67 mg HCN kg−1, respectively). Furthermore, the Polish accessions contained the lowest levels of tannins and trypsin inhibitors. Common vetch seeds may be valuable protein feed/food stuff, but their nutritional usefulness is limited by the presence of anti-nutritional factors, especially HCN, which is difficult to remove. Further selection in this direction may be postulated.
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Mikulíková, D., Š. Masár, V. Horváthová, and J. Kraic. "Stability of quality traits in winter wheat cultivars." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, No. 6 (December 23, 2009): 403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/96/2009-cjfs.
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We investigated the stability of 15 traits of quality in 45 winter wheat cultivars grown in two seasons in the Borovce locality of Slovakia. The gluten swelling, SDS test, starch content, α-amylase (α-AMS) activity, and volume weight were affected simultaneously by the cultivar, growing year, and the country of origin. Other traits were affected by only one or two of these factors. The English cultivars, when compared to the Slovak cultivars, demonstrated lower gluten swelling and volume weight, a higher α-AMS activity, and a longer vegetative period. We observed a higher α-AMS activity in the Czech, a lower starch content in the Austrian, and a longer vegetative period in the German cultivars. In the Hungarian cultivars, we detected a lower starch and a reduced amylose contents. The most stable quality traits in both growing years were identified in the Ilona (gluten swelling), Spartakus (SDS test), Cubus (falling number), Komfort (starch), GK Margit (amylose), GK Verecke (α-AMS), Saturnus (volume weight), and Vanda (thousand-kernel weight) cultivars. Other traits, such as protein, wet gluten, sedimentation index, grain hardness, grain weight per spike, grain yield, and duration of the vegetative period, were strongly affected by the environment (growing year). The foreign cultivars such as the Komfort (AUT), Saturnus (AUT), GK Rába (HUN), GK Csongrád (HUN), Silvius (AUT), GK Bagoly (HUN), and GK Forrás (HUN) were superior for growing in Slovakia. Each of them had more quality traits that were stable, comparable, and ultimately better than the control Slovak cultivars.
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Humer, Elke, Christoph Pieh, Martin Kuska, Antonia Barke, Bettina K. Doering, Katharina Gossmann, Radek Trnka, et al. "Provision of Psychotherapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Czech, German and Slovak Psychotherapists." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13 (July 4, 2020): 4811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134811.
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Psychotherapists around the world are facing an unprecedented situation with the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). To combat the rapid spread of the virus, direct contact with others has to be avoided when possible. Therefore, remote psychotherapy provides a valuable option to continue mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study investigated the fear of psychotherapists to become infected with COVID-19 during psychotherapy in personal contact and assessed how the provision of psychotherapy changed due to the COVID-19 situation and whether there were differences with regard to country and gender. Psychotherapists from three European countries: Czech Republic (CZ, n = 112), Germany (DE, n = 130) and Slovakia (SK, n = 96), with on average 77.8% female participants, completed an online survey. Participants rated the fear of COVID-19 infection during face-to-face psychotherapy and reported the number of patients treated on average per week (in personal contact, via telephone, via internet) during the COVID-19 situation as well as (retrospectively) in the months before. Fear of COVID-19 infection was highest in SK and lowest in DE (p < 0.001) and was higher in female compared to male psychotherapists (p = 0.021). In all countries, the number of patients treated on average per week in personal contact decreased (p < 0.001) and remote psychotherapies increased (p < 0.001), with more patients being treated via internet than via telephone during the COVID-19 situation (p < 0.001). Furthermore, female psychotherapists treated less patients in personal contact (p = 0.036), while they treated more patients via telephone than their male colleagues (p = 0.015). Overall, the total number of patients treated did not differ during COVID-19 from the months before (p = 0.133) and psychotherapy in personal contact remained the most common treatment modality. Results imply that the supply of mental health care could be maintained during COVID-19 and that changes in the provision of psychotherapy vary among countries and gender.
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Díaz-Morales, Juan F., Konrad S. Jankowski, Pavol Prokop, Ina Castellana, Magdalena Linke, Christoph Randler, and Arash Rahafar. "Sleep timing is linked to sociosexuality: Evidence from German, Polish, Slovak, and Spanish females." Time & Society 28, no. 3 (February 19, 2018): 1272–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463x18757390.
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Zavarský, Ján. "Alred Roller – An Innovator and a Traditionalist." Slovenske divadlo /The Slovak Theatre 65, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 383–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sd-2017-0023.
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Abstract This study focuses on the scenographer Alfred Roller (1864–1935) and his productions of Wagner’s musical dramas, with emphasis on Tristan and Isolde and Parsifal. It places Roller’s aesthetics in a historical, aesthetic, and artistic context, points to his inspiration by the Swiss scenography reformer Adolphe Appia, and cooperation with the music composer and conductor Gustav Mahler in the Vienna Court Opera. The text analyses the specifics of Roller’s scenography, which diverged from illusive stage and used light work as an important production principle. It concludes with a summary of the effect of Roller’s aesthetics on Ľudovít Hradský, the first leader of the production team at the Slovak National Theatre (1923–1928). The visual aspects of the Slovak National Theatre’s productions in that period were strongly inspired by expressionism and Art Nouveau, which were typical of German theatre at that time.
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ten Hacken, Pius, and Maria Koliopoulou. "Dictionaries, Neologisms, and Linguistic Purism." International Journal of Lexicography 33, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijl/ecaa011.
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Abstract A discrepancy between the perceptions of the dictionary as gatekeepers and the dictionary as a description of the language can be observed among the general public and lexicographers. This discrepancy is particularly obvious when we consider the inclusion of neologisms. Linguistic purism is generally seen by its advocates as an effort to protect a language. It is particularly relevant when we consider borrowings. These considerations serve as a background for the special issue on New Words and Linguistic Purism, which consists of an article on the background theory, three case studies focused on German, Italian, and Slovak, and a contrastive study of German and Greek which also adds some further theoretical considerations on linguistic purism.
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Ihnatova, Zuzana, and Ina Kováčová Bečková. "Brands and their Association Networks." Creative and Knowledge Society 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cks-2016-0011.
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Abstract Purpose of the article One of the approaches how to create a concept of a brand is a form of identifying association network in the mind of the consumer and creating semantic maps composed of all associations that are largely shaped by cultural values of consumers. Methodology/methods In the first phase, the author of the study was detecting the associations connected with the Mexican brand alcoholic beer Corona Extra using focus group with a sample of 15 respondents (Slovak students). In the second phase, she analysed the data found in the context of Slovak cultural values and compared them with the results of the secondary research (German and Spanish students). Scientific objective The article highlights the importance of understanding cultural values of the target market for the management and brand communication across cultures. The main objective of the survey was to determine how the Slovak respondents perceive selected sample of global brand, to compare the findings of a secondary survey conducted at German and Spanish students, and in the final phase of the research to analyse the data found in the context of the cultural dimensions of respondents. Findings On one hand, the associations formed by consumers about Corona Extra mutually differ depending on the countries surveyed. On the other hand, they correspond to the cultural values of the nation, and thus confirm the strong influence of the cultural aspects of the brand perception. Conclusions The presented article confirms, that there will always be an open space for the extensive research in global marketing and cross-cultural differences in consumer behaviour. Exploring cultural aspects of communication of global brands will benefit not only in terms of increasing the efficiency of advertising campaigns, but also for the mutual knowledge and understanding between cultures.
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Kollárová, Daniela, and Magdaléna Ungerová. "Marketing Communication of Multinational Retail Chain during Global Pandemic in the Online Environment." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219201021.
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Research background: The epidemic that has hit us on a global scale has had a negative impact not only on the work-related, social, and personal lives of each individual or household, but also on the economies of different countries and, last but not least, on decision-making of companies. One of the areas in which we noticed clearly the influence of the pandemic was the communication of retail chains with their customers: e.g., Kaufland stopped the unaddressed distribution of its promotional leaflets and tried to redirect the interest of customers to the digital (online) environment. With our paper we respond to this measure. The object of our research is the posts of the multinational retail chain Kaufland published on its Facebook account, intended for customers on the Slovak and German markets, during the period when a state of emergency was imposed in Slovakia. Purpose of the article: The main purpose of the content analysis is to find out the topics of the online contents of the retail chain Kaufland in Slovakia in communication with customers during an emergency state on its Facebook pages and compare them with the topics of articles posted during the observed period on the company´s Facebook pages in Germany. Methods: Digital contents are divided into contributions related and not related to the pandemic. As Germany did not impose general restrictions, we found out that in comparison with Slovakia, some themes related to the health protection or social responsibility did not appear on the Facebook pages of Kaufland in Germany. Findings & Value added: Conversely, Kaufland Slovakia did not assure customers that stores were regularly supplied and customers did not have to fall into purchasing hysteria, did not encourage customers to move to digital (online) environment and also did not publish job offers (for temporary work) in its shops or by its suppliers. The number of pandemic-related posts has been declining over the examined period.
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Vašaničová, Petra, Eva Litavcová, and Sylvia Jenčová. "Occupancy of the Slovak Accommodation Establishments by Foreign Tourists." Czech Journal of Tourism 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjot-2018-0007.
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Abstract Accommodation has an important role in the development of tourism in every country we perceive as the tourism destination. Due to the increasing competition in the tourism industry, it is necessary to analyze the occupancy of the accommodation establishments, and thus to find specific segments of the market, which the tourism development strategy should focus on. The aim of this study is to describe, which types of the selected accommodation establishments are preferred in the Slovak Republic by foreign tourists with a special focus on seven specific nationalities (Czech, Hungarian, Polish, Ukrainian, German, Austrian, and Russian nationalities). Formally, the hypothesis being tested is whether there is a statistically significant relationship in the choice of the accommodation establishment by tourists of any of these nationalities over time. In addition, we aim to discuss the development of the selected types of the accommodation establishments in the Slovak Republic in 2014–2017, and at the same time to emphasize the development of the hotels according to hotel classes. The results showed that in the Slovak Republic, the most numerous groups of the accommodation establishments by their type, were hotels, motels, botels, and guesthouses, and these establishments are also the most used by foreign tourists. Furthermore, the set hypothesis has been confirmed, on the basis of the results of Friedman ANOVA and the Kendall coefficient of concordance.
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Palka, Karolina. "What Does It Mean to "Deny Crimes"? Comments on the Background of Language Interpretation in Polish and Foreign Law in a Comparative Perspective." Konteksty Społeczne 8, no. 1 (November 20, 2020): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/ks.2020.8.1.92-104.
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The main purpose of this article was the analysis of the term "to deny" in Slovak, German, Polish and French criminal law in a comparative and legal perspective. This analysis led to present the author’s concept of the the provision penalizing historical lies. The basic research method that was used in the article is a method based on the Kötz and Zweigert’s model, assuming five basic stages of legal and comparative analysis. The last two parts contain the main conclusions of the article.
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Bajusová, Miroslava. "Probleme bei der Übersetzung historischer Fachterminologie der Blank- und Handfeuerwaffen der Habsburgermonarchie im Sprachenpaar Deutsch – Slowakisch." Zeitschrift für Slawistik 63, no. 3 (July 27, 2018): 425–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2018-0030.
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SummaryThe study deals with the problems in the translation of the historical terminology of cold weapons and firearms of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from the 17th to 19th centuries. It describes the theoretical and practical historical specificities of the translation of scientific texts in the German – Slovak language pair. The short theoretical introduction is followed by an analysis of the various language phenomena and difficulties encountered in the translation from the source language to the target language, and justification of the solutions.