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Journal articles on the topic 'German Espionage'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Glitz, Albrecht, and Erik Meyersson. "Industrial Espionage and Productivity." American Economic Review 110, no. 4 (2020): 1055–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20171732.

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In this paper, we investigate the economic returns to industrial espionage. We show that the flow of information provided by East German informants in the West over the period 1970–1989 led to a significant narrowing of sectoral TFP gaps between West and East Germany. These economic returns were primarily driven by relatively few high-quality pieces of information and particularly large in sectors closer to the West German technological frontier. Our findings suggest that the East-to-West German TFP ratio would have been 13.3 percent lower at the end of the Cold War had East Germany not engage

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Crespo Pazmiño, Daniel F. "Espionaje y competitividad: la industria automotriz alemana en el juego comercial moderno de China/ Espionage and Competitiveness: The German Automotive Industry in China's Modern Commercial Game." URVIO. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios de Seguridad, no. 26 (February 7, 2020): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17141/urvio.26.2020.4221.

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La innovación y el desarrollo tecnológico son una fuente crucial de competitividad dentro del entorno comercial global. En el siglo XXI, firmas automotrices alemanas como Audi, Volkswagen y Mercedes-Benz se han posicionado en el top de empresas con reconocimiento internacional por su calidad y prestigio innovador. No es ninguna novedad destacar que cada vez existen más compañías productoras de automóviles que se establecen a partir de la reproducción a bajo costo de los modelos de las principales marcas. Sin embargo, cabe destacar el hecho de que la industria automotriz alemana ha extendido su

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3

Gieseke, Jens. "East German Espionage in the Era of Détente." Journal of Strategic Studies 31, no. 3 (2008): 395–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402390802024718.

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4

Haider, Isabel. "Austrian Law as a Safe Haven for Foreign Spies? An Analysis on the Basis of the Recent Phenomenon of ‘Embassy Espionage’." European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 26, no. 3 (2018): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-02603002.

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This article aims to assess, from a legal point of view, the repeated allegation of Austria being a safe haven for foreign espionage and interception, based on the assumption that only such activities detrimental to Austria were criminalized under its laws. A comparison with German and Swiss law shows that the requirement of the presence of a detriment to the prosecuting state is rather common than an exemption. In fact, among those three countries only the Austrian and Swiss laws criminalize espionage against foreign states based on their neutrality statuses. In particular, a comparison of th

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SAWYER, BENJAMIN. "Manufacturing Germans: Singer Manufacturing Company and American Capitalism in the Russian Imagination during World War I." Enterprise & Society 17, no. 2 (2016): 301–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2015.71.

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Just months after the outbreak of World War I, rumors spread throughout the Russian Empire that Singer Manufacturing Company’s wholly owned Russian subsidiary, Kompaniia Zinger, was a German company that was actively engaged in espionage on behalf of the German military. Even though these rumors were untrue, they unleashed a wave of actions against the company that Singer’s officials were unable to stop, ultimately leading to tremendous losses for the firm. The central argument of this article is that the power of the accusations of Singer’s German ties rested far more on the nature of the com

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Alfin Reza Syahputra and Muhammad Syaroni Rofii. "Vulnerability of Espionage Propaganda by Foreign Citizens (WNA) in Indonesia." Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial 9, no. 1 (2022): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/konfrontasi2.v9i1.187.

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The development of cybercrime in several countries, especially regulations regarding espionage against foreigners. In the German Criminal Code they are called stragesetzbuches. This study discusses how propaganda is often carried out by unknown citizens. In Indonesia this vulnerability can be misinterpreted and suspected in terms of espionage. The purpose of this research is how to prevent espionage, especially by foreign nationals that occurs in Indonesia. The theory used is Cyber Intelligence Counter Operation Strategy. While the methodology used is qualitative in the process of obtaining da

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7

Klinkert, Wim. "A spy's paradise? German espionage in the Netherlands, 1914–1918." Journal of Intelligence History 12, no. 1 (2013): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16161262.2013.755017.

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8

Lee, Sangjoon. "Destination Hong Kong: The Geopolitics of South Korean Espionage Films in the 1960s." Journal of Korean Studies 22, no. 2 (2017): 343–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/21581665-4226478.

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Abstract As the apparent progeny of Cold War politics in the West, espionage films witnessed unprecedented popularity around the globe in the 1960s. With the success of Dr. No (1962) and Goldfinger (1964)—along with French, Italian, and German copycats—in Asia, film industries in Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and South Korea recognized the market potential and embarked on churning out their own James Bond-mimetic espionage films in the late 1960s. Since the regional political sphere has always been multifaceted, however, each country approached genre conventions with its own interpretation. In the

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9

Mozokhin, O. B. "German Influence and the Creation of Ukrainian Nationalist Organizations in 1920–1940." Modern History of Russia 13, no. 3 (2023): 549–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.302.

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The article reflects the process of influence of the German special services on the formation of numerous Ukrainian nationalist organizations. With the coming to power of Hitler, the ties of the OUN with the fascists are strengthening, while the leaders of the Ukrainian nationalists widely advertise not only their practical cooperation with fascism, but also their spiritual kinship with it. The Berlin center of the OUN becomes the body coordinating its work against the USSR. The establishment of Soviet power in Western Ukraine led to the defeat of the OUN, the leaders and most active members o

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10

Stone, James. "The Prussian Army’s First Spymaster: Colonel Heinrich von Brandt and the Nachrichtenbüro, 1866–1876." Militaergeschichtliche Zeitschrift 82, no. 2 (2023): 287–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgzs-2023-0058.

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Abstract Heinrich von Brandt was the father of German military intelligence. He was responsible for conducting espionage operations for the General Staff in the period of the foundation of the German Empire and made a significant contribution to Prussia’s victory over France in 1871. Yet his important role has been completely neglected in histories of the Prussian army during this period. This study uses source material believed to have been lost during the Second World War to reconstruct the life and work of the first chief of the Nachrichtenbüro from 1866 to 1876.

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Zverev, Vadim. "Espionage of German colonists in Russia’s Warsaw General Governorship (1914—1915)." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 01 (2020): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202001statyi01.

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Shaffer, Ryan. "East German Intelligence and Ireland, 1949–90: Espionage, Terrorism and Diplomacy." Terrorism and Political Violence 32, no. 2 (2020): 424–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2019.1710961.

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Pieńkowski, Maciej. "Skład, rozmieszczenie, plany operacyjne i rola Frontu Mazowieckiego na froncie przeciwniemieckim w 1919 roku." Przegląd Historyczno-Wojskowy 21, no. 3 (2020): 163–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.32089/wbh.phw.2020.3(273).0005.

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The article discusses the functioning of the Mazovian Front within the anti-German front in 1919. The Mazovian Front played an important role in shielding Warsaw from an expected German attack from the Toruń–Mława line, which posed a threat for Greater Poland to be outflanked and Warsaw to be captured. Therefore, the High Command of the Polish Army directed initially four infantry divisions to northern Mazovia, and the main burden of defending the section stretching from the Augustów Canal to Aleksandrów Kujawski was taken over by Haller divisions and the 8th Infantry Division. In the High Com

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Kolpakov, P. A., and R. A. Arslanov. "Counterintelligence Activities of Gendarmerie Railway Police before and during World War I." Nauchnyi dialog 12, no. 10 (2023): 360–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-360-377.

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The article analyzes the role of the gendarmerie railway police in the system of counterintelligence agencies in the Russian Empire before and during World War I. Based on documentary materials, the goals of enemy espionage on railways are revealed. Measures taken by the gendarmerie to restrict photography of railway infrastructure are examined. Through analysis of secret correspondence between gendarmerie leaders and railway department heads, categories of individuals most actively recruited by German and Austro-Hungarian intelligence for espionage are identified: prisoners of war, foreign na

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Bogomolov, Igor K. "The Testimony of the Russian Consul in Koenigsberg Zinovii M. Polyanovsky about His Stay in German Captivity (1914-15)." Herald of an archivist, no. 4 (2020): 1131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-4-1131-1142.

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The article brings into circulation the investigatory records of the “Extraordinary Commission for Inquiry into Violations of Laws and Customs of War by the Austro-Hungarian and German Forces” concerning German captivity of the former Russian consul in Koenigsberg Zinovii Mikhailovich Polyanovsky. With the outbreak of World War I, many Russian citizens who did not have time to leave Germany and Austria-Hungary were detained by local authorities on suspicion of espionage. Z. M. Polyanovsky, as a Russian diplomat, was their primary goal: he was detained on the very first day of the war. German a

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Orziev, Mahmud Zaynievich, and Ahmadjon Asror ogli Ahmadov. "THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND THE UNOPENED AFGHAN FRONT." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 4, no. 3 (2020): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2020/4/3/14.

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This article highlights the activities of foreign spies and Turkestan immigrants in Afghanistan during World War II by analyzing historical sources and literature. Also, the National Organization of Bukhara and Bukhara residents in the territory of Afghanistan and the issues of its activities and fate were analyzed on the basis of primary sources. In addition, the causes and factors of the defeat of the German and Japanese espionage in Afghanistan have been covered

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Bisher, Jamie. "German and Chilean agents in Peru: Entwined by a yen for espionage." International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 6, no. 2 (1993): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850609308435212.

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18

Byford, Jeffrey M. "The Spies Dilemma: A Cold War Case Study on East German Espionage." Social Studies 104, no. 4 (2013): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00377996.2012.712558.

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Taylor, Antony. "‘At the Mercy of the German Eagle’." Critical Survey 32, no. 1-2 (2020): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cs.2019.112603.

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In the years before 1914 the novels of William Le Queux provided a catalyst for British debates about the economic, military and political failures of the empire and featured plots that embodied fears about new national and imperial rivals. For Le Queux, the capture of London was integral to German military occupation. Representative of the nation’s will to resist, or its inability to withstand attack, the vitality of London was always at issue in his novels. Drawing on contemporary fears about the capital and its decay, this article considers the moral panics about London and Londoners and th

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20

FEDOROWICH, KENT. "GERMAN ESPIONAGE AND BRITISH COUNTER-INTELLIGENCE IN SOUTH AFRICA AND MOZAMBIQUE, 1939–1944." Historical Journal 48, no. 1 (2005): 209–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x04004273.

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For most of the Second World War, German and Italian agents were actively engaged in a variety of intelligence gathering exercises in southern Africa. The hub of this activity was Lourenço Marques, the colonial capital of Portuguese East Africa (Mozambique). One of the key tasks of Axis agents was to make links with Nazi sympathizers and the radical right in South Africa, promote dissent, and destabilize the imperial war effort in the dominion. Using British, American, and South African archival sources, this article outlines German espionage activities and British counter-intelligence operati

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21

ZATLIN, JONATHAN R. "Out of Sight: Industrial Espionage, Ocular Authority and East German Communism, 1965–1989." Contemporary European History 17, no. 1 (2008): 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777307004274.

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AbstractThe Stasi continues to enjoy a reputation as one of the most effective espionage agencies in the world, especially in the area of foreign intelligence gathering. This article employs the case of Gerhardt Ronneberger, one of East Germany's most capable spies, to challenge assumptions about the Stasi's operational successes, economic relevance and methodological proficiency. In particular, it argues that East German intelligence gathering was undermined by an institutionalisd distinction between sight, or the work of observation, and vision, or the process of signification. In Ronneberge

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22

Disantara, Fradhana Putra. "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DIPLOMATIC LEGAL PRINCIPLES: GERMAN EMBASSY STAFF VISITING ISLAMIC DEFENDERS FRONT (FPI) HEADQUARTERS CASE." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 5, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v5i1.13636.

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This legal research uses a conceptual approach and statue approach; by using primary and secondary legal materials. The purpose of this legal research is to describe the principles of diplomatic law and their application to the case of actions of German Embassy staff who have visited the headquarters of the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI). The results of this study indicate that diplomatic law is a system containing various principles of international law to regulate diplomatic relations between countries with universal approvement. Then, the development of diplomatic law is very progressive; ma

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23

Todd, Lisa M. "“The Soldier's Wife Who Ran Away with the Russian”: Sexual Infidelities in World War I Germany." Central European History 44, no. 2 (2011): 257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938911000033.

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In May 1917 twenty-seven residents of Landau (Württemberg) sent a long petition to the German Reichstag. The group, which included doctors, pastors, teachers, and industrialists, demanded that the state put an end to the “immoral” behavior of women who had romantic relationships with foreign prisoners of war. The petition included more than one hundred examples of such affairs, gleaned from newspapers, court records, and eyewitness accounts. The petitioners lamented the “sinking morality” of the countryside and the damaged reputation of German women. They also had more immediate concerns. Thes

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Zverev, Vadim, and Oleg Polovnikov. "Betrayal and the Fight against German and Austrian Espionage on the Eastern Front of the First World War (1914— 1916)." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 1-1 (2022): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202201statyi25.

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The nature of the phenomenon of betrayal on the western borders of the Russian defense is studied. Some operational-search and administrative-legal measures of prevention and prevention of facts of treason and German espionage are considered. The authors believe that the practice of forced eviction of “hostile population groups” from the Vistula region has justified itself. The conclusion is made about insufficient study of archival documents on the history of counterintelligence ensuring the security of the Russian army in the western theater of military operations of the First World War.

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Matiash, Iryna. "German Consulate in Kyiv (1924–1938): Between Diplomacy and Politics." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XXI (2020): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2020-2.

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The article covers the activities of the German mission in Kyiv as a cultural, political, and administrative centre of the Ukrainian SSR in 1924–38 in the status of a consulate and consulate-general. The data about the following heads of the consular institution is provided: Siegfried Hey, Werner Stephanie, Rudolf Sommer, Andor Hencke, and Georg-Wilhelm Grosskopf. The legal basis for the establishment of consular relations between the Ukrainian SSR and Germany was the Treaty on Application of the Treaty of Rapallo signed on 16 April 1922 between the RSFSR and Germany to the Allied Republics of

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KASSEM, HADI SHAKEEB. "The Sixties in Berlin and in Hollywood: City with a Wall in Its Center—The Attempt to Erase the German Past." Advances in Politics and Economics 4, no. 3 (2021): p49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v4n3p49.

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Berlin was the location in which most of the intelligence operations in Europe have taken place in the first twenty years of the conquest and the Cold War. In November 27, 1958, Khrushchev issued a formal letter to the Allies, demanding that the western Allies evacuate Berlin and enable the establishment of an independent political unit, a free city. He threatened that if the West would not comply with this, the soviets would hand over to the East Germany’s government the control over the roads to Berlin. In the coming months Moscow conducted a war of nerves as the last date of the end of the

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Werenskjold, Rolf. "German pressure: Spy films and political censorship in Norway, 1914–40." Journal of Scandinavian Cinema 9, no. 3 (2019): 365–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jsca_00009_1.

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This article explores the relationship between spy films, political censorship and Norwegian foreign policy during the period from 1914 to 1940. Espionage was a popular topic in Norway during this era, both in the news media and as a theme in fictional dramas. Based on a survey of the vetting of 57 spy films, both silent and sound, by the state censorship board, the article focuses on the Norwegian government’s hidden role in political film censorship throughout the period. While Norway’s Constitution and film censorship statutes provided no legal foundation for political censorship, there is

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Chepurko, O. O., and O. V. Boiko. "Bernhard Lisovskyi – a German in the millstones of Stalinist repressions." Modern Studies in German History 49, no. 49 (2024): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/312309.

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For the first time in historiography, the authors devoted an article to the tragic fate of Bernhard Lisovskyi (1898–1937), a German by origin, who, like many other representatives of national minorities, was absorbed by the flywheel of Soviet repression in the 1930s. The complete absence of scientific works devoted to the life and circumstances of the death of Bernhard Lisovskyi was revealed; only few mentions of him were found, which are contained in publications, primarily memoirs dedicated to the life and work of his famous brother, the artist Robert Lisovskyi. The research is based mainly

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Eisfeld, Alfred. "Germans of Ukraine in the Interwar Years (1918-1941)." Problems of World History, no. 10 (February 27, 2020): 107–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2020-10-7.

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The article uses documents covering the process of preparing and conducting by the NKVD bodies of the Ukrainian SSR a massive “German operation” – an integral part of the “Great Terror” in the USSR in 1937-1938. The historical circumstances of the appearance of the order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 00439 of July 25, 1937 and the specifics of its implementation in the Ukrainian SSR are disclosed. They also characterize the methodology for selecting the “contingent” that was repressed (victims of the operation), the technology of conducting mass repressions within the framework of the special op

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Holman, Brett. "The Phantom Airship Panic of 1913: Imagining Aerial Warfare in Britain before the Great War." Journal of British Studies 55, no. 1 (2016): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2015.173.

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AbstractIn late 1912 and early 1913, people all over Britain reported seeing airships in the night sky, yet there were none. It was widely assumed that these “phantom airships” were German Zeppelins, testing British defenses in preparation for the next war. The public and press responses to the phantom airship sightings provide a glimpse of the way that aerial warfare was understood before it was ever experienced in Britain. Conservative newspapers and patriotic leagues used the sightings to argue for a massive expansion of Britain's aerial forces, which were perceived to be completely outclas

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Żurawski, Damian. "Implementation of intelligence and diplomatic tasks by the military attache office of the legation of the republic of poland in berlin in 1928-1932." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 189, no. 4 (2018): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0724.

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The article presents the origins and functioning of the Military Attaché Office in Berlin in the years 1928-1932 led by Lieutenant Colonel Witold Dzierżykraj-Morawski, who carried out the intelligence activities under the guise of a military diplomat. Within the scope of his operational activities, Lieutenant Colonel Morawski established contacts with other military attachés and gathered and transmitted information on the country of residence in order to identify its military potential as well as internal and external political situation in the Weimar Republic. In his work, Lieutenant Colonel

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Kokeev, A. "Trans-Atlantic Relations in Germany's Foreign Policy." World Economy and International Relations 59, no. 11 (2015): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-59-11-38-46.

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Relations between Germany, the US and NATO today are the core of transatlantic links. After the Cold War and the reunification of Germany, NATO has lost its former importance to Germany which was not a "frontline state" anymore. The EU acquired a greater importance for German politicians applying both for certain political independence and for establishing of a broad partnership with Russia and China. The task of the European Union Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) development has been regarded by Berlin as a necessary component of the NATO's transformation into a “balanced Euro-Americ

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Fedato, Matheus Arcangelo, and Luiz Fernando Kazmierczak. "A observância do princípio da proporcionalidade no direito comparado quanto à interceptação de dados digitais / The observance of the principle of proportionality in comparative law on digital data interception." Revista Brasileira de Direito 13, no. 3 (2017): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.18256/2238-0604.2017.v13i3.2038.

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RESUMOO artigo se propõe a analisar como o princípio da proporcionalidade está sendo utilizado no contexto das interceptações informáticas, estando o tema ligado à vigilância digital para a garantia da segurança pública e a proteção da privacidade. A análise se dá pela observância de como ordenamentos jurídicos estrangeiros (EUA, Alemanha, Portugal) tratam a matéria, tendo em vista os programas de interceptação americanos e sua declarada guerra ao terrorismo, a jurisprudência alemã e a sua visão de proporcionalidade e Portugal pela regulamentação do tema por determinação da União Europeia. Con

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McDowell, Jennifer, and Milton Loventhal. "The Spy (K.G.B. General Alexander Orlov), the Dupe (Bertram D. Wolfe), and the Documents (The Stalin Resolutions)." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 48, no. 4 (2014): 375–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-04804001.

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Two-hundred and forty-two consecutive, Soviet Politburo resolutions on foreign policy covering 1934–1936, some built on reports by Stalin with his actual words, and 34 pieces of 1934 espionage correspondence that traveled between the Moscow Foreign Office and its branch in the Soviet Embassy in Vienna, were purchased clandestinely by German intelligence, at the time, and as they were written. A German Sovietologist named Dr. Georg Leibbrandt authenticated them right at the time. Adolf Hitler read them. They influenced his decision to attack the Soviet Union in 1941. Captured by the U.S. Army i

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Macrakis, Kristie. "Does Effective Espionage Lead to Success in Science and Technology? Lessons from the East German Ministry for State Security." Intelligence and National Security 19, no. 1 (2004): 52–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0268452042000222920.

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Kearns, Oliver. "Forget what you hear: Careless Talk, espionage and ways of listening in on the British secret state." Review of International Studies 48, no. 2 (2021): 301–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210521000589.

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AbstractAs the covert and clandestine practices of states multiplied in the twentieth century, so did these practices’ footprint in public life. This footprint is not just visual and material but sonic and aural, sounding the ‘secret state’ into being and suggesting ways of ‘listening in’ on it. Using multisensory methodology, this article examines Careless Talk Costs Lives, a UK Second World War propaganda campaign instructing citizens on how to practice discreet speech and listening in defence against ‘fifth columnist’ spies. This campaign reproduced the British secret state in the everyday:

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Lemmen, Sarah. "The making of a socialist port: The Czechoslovak port in Hamburg in the 1940s and 1950s." International Journal of Maritime History 33, no. 1 (2021): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871421991172.

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What makes a port socialist? While the question of how to turn states into socialist entities was pressing in all of Eastern Europe in the late 1940s, ports played a specific role in this process as they presented some characteristics that counteracted the new socialist regime, mainly the inherent openness and connectedness to foreign goods, people and information. This was especially so in the Czechoslovak port in Hamburg. A relict from the interwar period, this port zone was now located in the western bloc. This article traces the attempts to integrate the Czechoslovak port in Hamburg into t

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Gilli, Andrea, and Mauro Gilli. "Why China Has Not Caught Up Yet: Military-Technological Superiority and the Limits of Imitation, Reverse Engineering, and Cyber Espionage." International Security 43, no. 3 (2019): 141–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00337.

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Can countries easily imitate the United States' advanced weapon systems and thus erode its military-technological superiority? Scholarship in international relations theory generally assumes that rising states benefit from the “advantage of backwardness.” That is, by free riding on the research and technology of the most advanced countries, less developed states can allegedly close the military-technological gap with their rivals relatively easily and quickly. More recent works maintain that globalization, the emergence of dual-use components, and advances in communications have facilitated th

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Markova, Elena. "Regulation of liability for offences committed with the use of electronic funds of payment in the legislation of the countries of Romano-Germanic of legal system." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2020, no. 3 (2020): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2020-3-98-105.

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The article is devoted to the study of the regulation of criminal liability for crimes committed using electronic means of payment related to cybercrime in the legislation of certain foreign countries of the Romano-Germanic legal family. The article notes that the Romano-German legal system is significantly distinguished from other families not only by the fact that it possesses, due to historical traditions, many characteristics of the law of ancient Roman jurisprudence, but also by the legal peculiarities of criminal legislation on cybercrime. The relevance of cybercrime, its differentiation

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Zverev, V. O., and O. G. Polovnikov. "Secret Agents of the Russian Gendarmerie in the Fight against Espionage at the Beginning of the First World War." Modern History of Russia 10, no. 4 (2020): 892–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2020.405.

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The article discusses the limited intelligence capabilities of the gendarmerie departments of the Warsaw Governor General (Lomzinska, Warsaw, Kielce, Lublin, and Radom provinces) in the fight against German and Austrian spies in the second half of 1914 and the first half of 1915. One reason for the secret police’s lack of readiness is the reluctance of the gendarmerie-police authorities to organize counter-response work on an appropriate basis. The rare, fragmentary, and not always valuable information received by agents of the investigating authorities did not allow the gendarmes to organize

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Haller, Sebastian. "“Diesem Film liegen Tatsachen zugrunde ...” The Narrative of Antifascism and Its Appropriation in the East German Espionage Series Das unsichtbare Visier (1973-1979)." History of Communism in Europe 5 (2014): 72–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/hce201455.

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Зверев, В. О. "Counterspies and circumstantial evidence in Myasoedov Case (from unpublished archival documents)." Вестник Рязанского государственного университета имени С.А. Есенина, no. 4(81) (December 27, 2023): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2023.81.4.001.

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В статье даются независимые общие характеристики и частично освещаются личностные и деловые качества сотрудников контрразведки, осуществлявших оперативное и следственное сопровождение дела жандармского подполковника С. Н. Мясоедова, который до наступления и с начала Первой мировой войны подозревался в сотрудничестве с германской разведкой. Делается вывод о высоком уровне профессионализма контрразведчиков, главным слагаемым которого был накопленный опыт борьбы с иностранным шпионажем в губерниях Привислинского края в условиях мира. Представлены неизвестные ранее результаты военно-розыскной деят

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43

Ćwięk, Henryk. "W kręgu obrony państwa. O współpracy organów bezpieczeństwa Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej w zakresie zwalczania szpiegostwa niemieckiego." 100-lecie polskiej Policji 51, no. 51(2019) (2019): 56–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/spolit.2019.51.3.

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Ростиславлева, Н. В. "Protestant activities during the First World War: spy fever vs Christian piety." Диалог со временем, no. 86(86) (April 3, 2024): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2024.86.86.017.

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В статье рассматриваются особенности отношения властных структур к представителям неправославных христианских конфессий в годы Первой мировой войны. На территории Российской империи к началу XX в. проживало около 2 млн. этнических немцев, как подданных Германской, так и Российской империй. Обычно они сохраняли верность своей конфессии. Немецкое население, прежде всего мужчины от 17 до 45 лет, в условиях мирового конфликта активно подвергалось депортациям и интернированию. Лютеранские пасторы, их жены, паства Москвы, Риги, Ревеля, оказывали материальную и духовную поддержку как высланному немец

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Anna, Koldushko. "The Case of Anti-Soviet Baptist Group in Shchuchye-Ozersk District of Perm region: an Ethno-Confessional Aspect of Mass Operations in 1937-1938." TECHNOLOGOS, no. 1 (2021): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.kipf/2021.1.04.

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Mass repressive operations of the 1930s are really remained one of the most relevant topics for research. At the present stage of development of historical science, key attention is paid to the direction of mass operations of the 1930s-Kulak, national lines (Polish, German, etc.), and the identification of local features of their realization. Recently, historians have paid great attention to the implementation of the internal logic and mechanisms of mass repressive actions. We can say that the focus of research is shifting to the micro-historical field: to individuals who suffered from repress

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Scales, Rebecca P. "Subversive Sound: Transnational Radio, Arabic Recordings, and the Dangers of Listening in French Colonial Algeria, 1934–1939." Comparative Studies in Society and History 52, no. 2 (2010): 384–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417510000083.

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In November of 1934, Algerian Governor General Jules Carde asked the Algiers Police Prefecture to investigate a rumor circulating through the French bureaucracy that “natives” in the Arab cafés (café maures) of the city were tuning in to biweekly Arabic broadcasts transmitted by an unspecified Italian radio station that featured “commentaries unfavorable to France” and “openly attacked France's Muslim policy.” As the governor of three overseas Frenchdépartements, Carde had already received notification that the airwaves over North Africa were becoming dangerous. A few months earlier, Jean Bert

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Savkina, Irina L. "“AT HOME AMONG STRANGERS, A STRANGER AMONG HIS OWN”: IDENTIFICATION CODES IN THE MEMOIRS OF AINO KUUSINEN." Ural Historical Journal 69, no. 4 (2020): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2020-4(69)-136-144.

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The article discusses the memoirs “The Lord Deposes his Angels” by Aino Kuusinen in the context of the study of genealogy and morphology of Soviet subjectivity. In the Soviet historiography Aino Kuusinen (1886–1970) is known as the wife of the prominent Finnish communist and Soviet politician Otto Ville Kuusinen and as the Comintern staff member. In the middle of 1930s she moved to Japan, where she was supposedly involved in espionage activities for the Soviet Union. From Japan, Kuusinen was summoned to Moscow where she was arrested in 1938 and was in prison until 1955. In 1965, Aino Kuusinen

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Susila, Muh, and Andi Salim. "Cyber Espionage Policy and Regulation: A Comparative Analysis of Indonesia and Germany." PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 11, no. 1 (2024): 122–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v11n1.a6.

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This study explores the policy and regulatory frameworks concerning cyber espionage within Indonesia and Germany. Given the considerable threats cyber espionage poses to national security and economic interests, it is crucial for nations to formulate thorough strategies to mitigate such risks. Through a comparative analysis of Indonesia and Germany—two countries with distinct geopolitical stances and methodologies regarding cybersecurity and espionage—the research delves into the legal, political, and technological factors influencing their cyber espionage policies. The methodology includes a

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Koenig, R. "Espionage: American Spied for East Germany." Science 270, no. 5239 (1995): 1111b—1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5239.1111b.

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Wilding, Edward. "Soviet computer espionage in West Germany." Computer Fraud & Security Bulletin 11, no. 6 (1989): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-0496(89)90196-3.

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