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1
Oppitz, Ulrich-Dieter. "Oppitz, Ulrich-Dieter, Ergänzungen zu „Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters und ihre Handschriften" und Tabellen zu Ergänzungen 1990–2019." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 136, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 338–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgg-2019-0012.
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Abstract Addenda to 'German medieval law Books and their manuscripts'. This article presents newly discovered manuscripts and single leaves of German-language customary law books. It describes variations to the manuscripts and single leaves listed in U.-D. Oppitz, "Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters", vol. II, Cologne 1990. The attachment gives an overview over all the manuscript addenda from 1990, in alphabetical order, and relevant literature on them.
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Oppitz, Ulrich-Dieter. "Ergänzungen zu „Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters und ihre Handschriften“." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 132, no. 1 (August 1, 2015): 463–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgga-2015-0115.
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Addendum to “German Law Books of the Middle Ages and their Manuscripts”. The article describes variations to the manuscripts and single leaves listed in U.-D. Oppitz’s “Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters”, vol. II, Cologne 1990. It presents recently discovered manuscripts and single leaves of German-language customary law books. Special attention should be paid to No. 1214a, which contains sketches from a Zodiac manuscript on four leaves.
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Oppitz, Ulrich-Dieter. "Ergänzungen zu „Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters und ihre Handschriften“." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 133, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgga-2016-0114.
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Abstract Addenda to „German medieval Law Books and their manuscripts“. This article presents newly discovered manuscripts and single leaves of German-language customary law books. It describes variations to the manuscripts and single leaves listed in U.-D. Oppitz, „Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters“, vol. II, Cologne 1990. A passage from the Erfurt Chronicle (1447) points at the importance of the Saxon mirror at court.
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Berger, Tilman. "Die älteste tschechische Übersetzung von Märchen aus Tausendundeine Nacht." Zeitschrift für Slawistik 63, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 212–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2018-0017.
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SummaryThis paper deals with a manuscript from the library of the Regional Museum in Chrudim (East Bohemia) which contains a Czech translation of some of the tales of ‘One Thousand and One Nights’. The manuscript was written at the end of the 18th century in a rather peculiar orthography and belongs to a group of manuscripts which were evidently written by a single person, the painter Josef Ceregetti (1722–1779). The language used in these manuscripts is the literary Czech of that time, with some influence from spoken language. By comparison of the French text of Galland and two contemporary German translations with the Czech text I show that the author seems to have been working with the German translation from the year 1730. The Czech translation was probably intended for a local circle of intellectuals, mainly clerics, and never reached a broader public.
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Purwitasari, Ana. "SYNTAX STUDIES IN HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS: WORD ORDER IN ENGLISH AND GERMAN AS INDO-GERMANIC LANGUAGES." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 17, no. 2 (January 17, 2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v17i2.9653.
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This research aims to describe the development of syntax in English and German diachronically and involves a broader inquiry into English and German as sister languages rooted from Germanic language. In this research, the author gathered data from manuscripts written in both the English and German languages produced at particular times. This research used descriptive-qualitative method. The results showed that: 1) Diachronically, English and German have gone through four periods in their syntax patterns development; 2) Old English and Old High German sentence patterns are apparently the same, adopting SVO-structure; 3) The existence of conjunction separates the verb and object in German, but it does not change anything in the English word-order, from Middle English to Modern English; 3) Early Modern English verbs should be put in the second position. However, Early New High German verb is placed in agreement with the conjunction since conjunction influences the position of the verb and object.Keywords: Syntax; Germanic languages; historical linguistics; Indo-Germanic languagesPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perkembangan sintaksis dalam bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Jerman secara diakronik dan merupakan penelitian yang diperluas terkait bahasa Inggris dan bahasa Jerman sebagai rumpunbahasa yang berasal dari bahasa Jermanik. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis mengumpulkan data dari manuskrip yang ditulis dalam keduabahasa tersebut, bahasa Inggris danJerman,pada waktu tertentu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Secara diakronik, bahasaInggris dan Jerman telah melalui empat periode dalam pengembangan pola sintaksisnya; 2) Pola kalimat bahasaInggris lama dan Jerman lama tampaknya sama, yaitu memilikistruktur SVO; 3) Adanya konjungsi yang memisahkan kata kerja dan benda dalam bahasa Jerman, tidak mengubah apapun dalam ketentuankata perintah padabahasa InggrisdaribahasaInggrisAbad Pertengahan ke bahasa Inggris Modern; 3) Kata kerja bahasa Inggris di awalmasabahasaInggrisModern harus diletakkan di posisi kedua. Namundemikian, kata kerja bahasaJermanditempatkan bersama konjungsi sejakkonjungsimempengaruhi posisi kata kerja dan objek.Kata kunci: Sintaksis; bahasa Jerman; linguistik historis; bahasa Indo-JermanKata kunci: Sintaksis; bahasa Jerman; linguistik historis; bahasa Indo-Jerman
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Gavriusheva, Alexandra E. "On the specific graphic, orthographic and morphological features of the usus of the monastic scriptoria of Nuremberg in the 15th century." Socialʹnye i gumanitarnye znania 7, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/2412-6519-2021-1-88-95.
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The article examines the graphic, spelling and morphological features characteristic for medieval texts created in Nuremberg. The study involves spiritual literature created in various Nuremberg scriptoria. Each investigated text is considered as an integral and independent graphic and spelling system, consisting of interrelated elements. Following features presented in the studied manuscripts are revealed in the course of the analysis of the texts: the Middle and Early New High German features, features characteristic of the Southeastern, East Frankish and Nuremberg dialects, as well as the spelling features. The reasons for the differences between the graphic and spelling systems of the studied texts from the phonetic system of Early New High German and intertextual differences are subject to interpretation. The analysis of the scriptoria peculiarities makes it possible to determine the place of graphic and orthographic systems in the context of Early New High German linguistic dynamics, as well as the degree of influence of various dialects on them. When considering the graphic and orthographic features of the studied texts, the specificity of the written fixation of Early New High German is taken into account as well as the fact that the urban written language and the urban dialect are different sources of influence on the formation of the written tradition of each scriptorium. This study allows to conclude about the degree of independence of the graphic and spelling systems of manuscripts and about the usability of the norms of the written language of the period under study.
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Jeep, John M. "Stabreimende Wortpaare in den früheren Werken Hartmanns von Aue: Erec, Klage, Minnesang." Yearbook of Phraseology 7, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phras-2016-0004.
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Abstract Building upon recent phraseological studies on Old High and Middle High German texts, the alliterating word pairs in the early works of Hartmann von Aue are catalogued and analyzed philologically, thus contributing to an emerging complete listing of the paired rhetorical expressions through the Early Middle High German period. The first extant courtly Arthurian romance, Hartmann's Erec, a shorter piece of his known as Diu Klage, and a handful of poems he composed are by all indications from the last decade of the twelfth century, despite later manuscript transmission. Each pair is listed, described in the context in which it appears, and compared with any extant pairs from earlier German works. What emerge are insights into the evolution of these expressions, in some cases through centuries. On the one hand, Hartmann employs alliterating expressions that date to the Old High German period, while on the other hand apparently creating new ones. As in findings in earlier texts, pairs recorded on multiple occasions are likely to have been used by other authors. Typical for medieval German texts – when compared to similar modern expressions – is the insight that there is a fair amount of variation concerning the sequence of the alliterating elements and/or the inclusion of morpho-syntactic modifiers such as pronouns, possessives, adjectives, or adverbs. Modern translations of Hartmann's works into German and English show just how varied these phrases can appear in translation. When known, later examples of the alliterating word-pairs are cited, albeit for obvious reasons only in an incomplete fashion. The long-term project is designed to continue to chart the emergence of the early German alliterating word-pairs chronologically.
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Smith, Laura Catharine. "Old Frisian." Diachronica 29, no. 1 (March 16, 2012): 98–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.29.1.04smi.
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For a century, Old Frisian has largely remained in the shadows of its Germanic sister languages. While dictionaries, concordances, and grammars have been readily and widely available for learning and researching other Germanic languages such as Middle High German, Middle Low German and Middle English, whose timelines roughly correspond to that of Old Frisian, or their earlier counterparts, e.g., Old High German, Old Saxon and Old English, few materials have been available to scholars of Old Frisian. Moreover, as Siebunga (Boutkan & Siebunga 2005: vii) notes, “not even all Old Frisian manuscripts are available as text editions”1 making the production of comprehensive core research materials more difficult. Consequently, what materials there have been, e.g., von Richthofen (1840), Heuser (1903), Holthausen (1925), and Sjölin (1969), have typically not taken into consideration the full range of extant Old Frisian texts, or have focused on specific major dialects, e.g. Boutkan (1996), Buma (1954, 1961). This has left a gap in the materials available providing an opportunity for Old Frisian scholars to make substantial contributions to the field by filling these gaps.
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Gaskill, Howard. "Back-Translation as Self-Translation: The Strange Case of Darkness at Noon." Translation and Literature 29, no. 3 (November 2020): 372–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2020.0437.
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This article is a response to the recent discovery in manuscript of the lost German version of Koestler's best-known novel, now published as ‘the’ original. The circumstances surrounding the production of that MS, together with Daphne Hardy's English translation, are examined. It is shown that over half of Koestler's later ‘back-translation’ from English is in fact based on a version of the German that pre-dates the MS, and that this itself post-dates Hardy's Darkness. Moreover, Koestler regarded himself as ‘co-translator’ of the English and seemed prepared to concede priority to Hardy's (and his) version over his own re-worked German. In the light of this, the notion of a single stable original of the novel may be called into question. The essay makes use of research conducted in the Koestler Archives in Edinburgh, and also of scanned copy of the German manuscript.
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Khroustaleva, Anna V. "Regional Press and Censorship in the New Economic Policy Period (Saratov, Samara Regions and the German Autonomy)." Studia Litterarum 5, no. 3 (2020): 392–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2020-5-3-392-411.
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The censorship process during the New Economic Policy Period was rather unbalanced due to the human factor. Up until 1928, certain stages of censoring the manuscript that started with initial reading and resulted in the approving mark on the typographical card, could be omitted, as the case of Saratov author L.A. Slovokhotov illustrates. The study of the archives shows that the attitude to the media in foreign languages issued by national minorities was more lenient than the attitude to religious media in the Russian language. The 1926 editorial of the leading newspaper of the German minorities of the Volga region had no reference to either the October Revolution or Vladimir Lenin. The German Autonomy published Catholic literature that beat the circulation of the proletarian literature. Censors approved the publication of a religious calendar in German and banned the same type of calendar in Russian. These facts demonstrate that we should examine typographical cards more carefully than hitherto practiced.
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Haralambakis, Maria. "A Survey of the Gaster Collection at the John Rylands Library, Manchester." Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 89, no. 2 (March 2013): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/bjrl.89.2.6.
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In 1954 and 1958 the John Rylands Library acquired a significant portion of the library of Dr Moses Gaster (1856–1939). As a scholar and bibliophile, Gaster collected manuscripts, printed books, pamphlets and amulets. His collection reflects his wide ranging interests: philology (including Romanian language, folklore and literature), Judaica, magic and mysticism, and Samaritan studies. This article presents a survey of the varied Rylands Gaster collection. It includes an inventory of the miscellaneous manuscript sequence, a complete handlist of Gaster‘s German manuscripts and an introduction to the archival material.
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Petersen, Christoph. "Die ›Kaiserchronik‹ und der deutsche Adel." Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 141, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 182–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgsl-2019-0013.
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Abstract The paper explains the broad reception of the ›Kaiserchronik‹ in the German culture throughout the high and late middle ages by its ability to give a historical shape and foundation to a social identity of the medieval German nobility. This identity is based on the Chronicle’s general concept of history and worked out in its series of narratives on the one hand, and mirrored by its reception in the textual tradition on the other. The paper shows that the ›Kaiserchronik‹ ascribes to the German nobility the identity of being the teleologically destined bearer of the Roman empire and that the manuscripts preserving the text contain various reflections of the fact that this identity was actually adopted by the Chronicle’s textual community from the late 12th to the 15th century. This is illustrated by the means of the continuation of the ›Kaiserchronik‹ in its so-called C-Version (I), its contextualization within the famous Vorau codex (II), the excerpt of the Adelger episode in a Vienna codex (III), and the copy of the final parts of the Charlemagne episode in a Munich single sheet (IV). Overall, the examples demonstrate that the ›Kaiserchronikʼs‹ function of shaping and founding a social identity of the German nobility also explains in a new manner its flagrant idiosyncrasies in representing the history of the Roman emperors.
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Dambek, Małgorzata. "Wielość światów. Kilka refleksji o twórczości lirycznej Pavla Straussa." Slavia Occidentalis, no. 73/2 (June 14, 2018): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/so.2016.73.27.
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Writer Pavol Strauss is little known in Slovakia and Poland because there were several decades between his first collections of poetry written in the German language in the period between the two World Wars and his Slovak post-war essays, and then his other works (essays, diaries and aphorisms) published sporadically or after 1989 on the other. He published four collections of poetry in German: Die Kanone auf dem Ei (1936), Schwarze Verse (1937), Worte aus der Nacht (published bilingually in 2001) and Bruder Abel lebt ja noch (manuscript).After 1946 Pavol Strauss stopped writing poetry and stopped writing in German.
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Simms, Douglas P. A. "The Old English Name of the S-Rune and “Sun” in Germanic." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 29, no. 1 (February 23, 2017): 26–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542716000192.
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The name of the Old Englishs-rune,sigil, as found in various medieval manuscripts, is puzzling, as it is the only Anglo-Saxon rune name that is etymologically a loan word. This article examines the variant spelling <sygil> found only in MSCodex Vindobonensis795, arguing that the spelling with <y> is a scribal interpolation. In addressing how an Old High German-speaking scribe might have come to make such an interpolation it is argued that the wordsugilfound in Continentalrunica abecedariaought to be considered an Old High German lexeme relevant to this discussion. A novel etymology for words for ‘sun’ in Germanic is presented, particularly for forms derived from thel-stem variants of the Proto-Indo-European heteroclite.
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Toremans, Tom. "Sartor Resartus and the Rhetoric of Translation." Translation and Literature 20, no. 1 (March 2011): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2011.0006.
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As the fictional account of a British Editor's attempt at translating a German philosophical manuscript, Thomas Carlyle's Sartor Resartus has persistently frustrated critical analyses of its awkward combination of philosophical argument and rhetorical experimentation. This paper examines the highly paradoxical position that translation occupies in the work, arguing that Sartor Resartus is a self-subverting text that disarticulates its organicist aesthetic in the process of translation. Sartor Resartus emerges as a culminating critique of a key episode in the British Romantic attempt at cross-cultural transmission of German Idealism to Britain.
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Bergmann, Rolf, Christina Beer, Michaela Pölzl, and Stefanie Stricker. "Fake Glosses? BStK-no. 837 revisited Gefälschte Glossen?: Zu BStK-Nr. 837." Zeitschrift fuer deutsches Altertum und Literatur 149, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/zfda-2020-0001.
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In 1894 the private scholar F.W.E. Roth published 14 Old High German glosses, which he claimed he had discovered in a manuscript in his own possession. Although the whereabouts of the manuscript have been unknown ever since, the glosses have been accepted as genuine by the Old High German research community. Recently the archivist Klaus Graf raised the suspicion that Roth had forged the 14 glosses mentioned above. The present article picks up Graf's request to review Roth's publication by taking his specifications regarding the manuscript into account and by investigating possible sources for the forgery. Der Privatgelehrte F. W. E. Roth veröffentlichte 1894 aus einer als in seinem Besitz befindlich bezeichneten, aber bis heute nicht auffindbaren Handschrift 14 althochdeutsche Glossen. Der Archivar Klaus Graf hat diese Glossenpublikation unter Fälschungsverdacht gestellt. Der damit verbundene Prüfungsauftrag an die Glossenforschung wird mit diesem Beitrag eingelöst.
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Martin, John. "DRAMATIZED DISPUTATIONS: LATE MEDIEVAL GERMAN DRAMATIZATIONS OF JEWISH-CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS DISPUTATIONS, CHURCH POLICY, AND LOCAL SOCIAL CLIMATES." Medieval Encounters 8, no. 2-3 (2002): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700670260497051.
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AbstractA comparison of the two Frankfurt Passion play manuscripts with two major dramatic works of Nuremberg dramatist Hans Folz reveals the impact of local social conditions on attitudes toward Christian-Jewish religious disputation between lay people. Though such debate was officially condemned by the Church from the thirteenth century onward, local attitudes determined whether the official condemnation would be respected or ignored. Further, dramatic engagement with theological issues produced, in Folz's work, toward a more benign depiction of Jews than commonly seen in late medieval German literature.
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Carrubba, Robert W. "Pastor H. G. Weland's Latin Elegy for Engelbert Kaempfer." Gesnerus 51, no. 1-2 (November 27, 1994): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-0510102004.
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This article discusses the life and accomplishments of Engelbert Kaempfer (1651 1716 ), the German scholar, traveler, and physician, and his relationship to Pastor II. G. Weland of Lemgo. It presents the manuscript of Pastor PL G. Weland’s Latin Elegy for Engelbert Kaempfer. The manuscript’s form and readings are compared with the printed version of Ilaccius, and a first translation into a modern language (English) is published. A final section provides a brief commentary on the elegy, by addressing structure, meaning, and literary style.
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Weiss, Richard S. "Early Hindu Sectarian Printed Books: An Analysis of a Tamil Library." Philological Encounters 6, no. 1-2 (July 23, 2021): 154–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519197-bja10015.
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Abstract On a trip to South India in the early 1850s, the German missionary Karl Graul collected a library of Tamil books. His library contains some of the first books that Tamils edited and published for Tamil audiences. This article analyses the Shaiva and Vaishnava works in this collection, arguing that in this early period of Tamil publishing, Tamil Hindus turned to print in part to counter Christian evangelisation. They edited and published texts previously transmitted on manuscripts, in order to build a corpus of Shaiva and Vaishnava printed books that would challenge the Christian monopoly of Tamil print. The article focuses on the editing activities and institutional affiliations of Tamil Shaiva editors, most importantly the prominent scholar Vedagiri Mudaliyar.
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Ross, Kristiina. "Bible translation as mediator of Hebrew impact on target languages: the Estonian bible translation by Johannes Gutslaff." Nordisk Judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 21, no. 1-2 (September 1, 2000): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.69571.
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The full version of the Bible was first published in Estonian in 1739. In comparison with the neighbouring Protestant countries this is a very late date. However, serious attempts to translate the Bible into Estonian were made already in the 17th century. There are two manuscripts from the 17th century which contain translations of the Old Testament. The older manuscript dating from the middle of the century has been – unlike e.g. the Finnish Bible which had been translated from Luther’s German version – translated directly from Hebrew, by Johannes Gutslaff. Also the 1739 Estonian version was translated directly from the Hebrew version. As is widely known, Luther was of the opinion that a translator should not follow the structure of the source language&&instead, he must use the fluent and pure target language. The Estonian translations followed strictly the Hebrew version, which resulted in the fact that still today, Estonian phraseology has Hebrew influence.
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Bok, Václav, and Lenka Vodrážková. "Unknown Prague manuscript with texts by Conrad of Megenberg 'Buch der Natur' and Gottfried of Franconia 'Pelzbuch' (Prague, Monastery of Our Lady of the Snows, Ve 2) Eine unbekannte Prager Handschrift mit Konrads von Megenberg 'Buch der Natur' und Gottfrieds von Franken 'Pelzbuch' (Prag, Kloster zu Maria Schnee, Ve 2)." Zeitschrift fuer deutsches Altertum und Literatur 148, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 509–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/zfda-2019-0018.
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The report on the finding describes the hitherto unknown Codex Ve 2 of the Prague Monastery of Our Lady of the Snows, which contains two medieval German texts of scholarly prose - 'Buch der Natur' by Conrad of Megenberg (complete text) and 'Pelzbuch' by Gottfried of Franconia (a selection). The same composition is shared by four known codexes from various German libraries. A detailed analysis has revealed that the Prague Codex is closest to a manuscript from the University Library of Heidelberg, signature Cpg 286, from the year 1442. It can be assumed that the Prague Codex (referred to as Pr2) and the Heidelberg Codex were copied from the same template, although the quality of the text in the Heidelberg manuscript is higher. The Prague manuscript was written around the middle of the 15th century and originates, like the Heidelberg manuscript, from the south-west of the Upper German language region, having features of the Swabian dialect. Der Fundbericht beschreibt den bisher unbekannten Kodex Ve 2 des Prager Klosters St. Maria Schnee, der das 'Buch der Natur' Konrads von Megenberg (Text vollständig) sowie das 'Pelzbuch' Gottfrieds von Franken (in Auswahl) enthält. Die gleiche Zusammensetzung kommt auch in vier weiteren bisher bekannten Kodices aus verschiedenen deutschen Bibliotheken vor. Durch eine eingehende Analyse wurde festgestellt, dass der Prager Kodex der Handschrift der Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg Cpg 286 aus dem Jahre 1442 am nächsten steht. Es ist anzunehmen, dass der Prager Kodex (von uns als Pr2 bezeichnet) und die Heidelberger Handschrift aus der gleichen Vorlage abgeschrieben wurden, wobei die Qualität des Textes in der Heidelberger Hs. höher ist. Die Prager Handschrift wurde um die Mitte des 15. Jh. s. geschrieben, entstand wie die Heidelberger im Südwesten des oberdeutschen Gebietes und weist gewisse Züge des schwäbischen Dialekts auf.
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Weber, Dmitriy, and Valentin Portnykh. "'Abstractum-Glossar' from the Tomsk State University Library: (formerly Hamburg, Staats- und Universitätsbibl., Cod. germ. 15, Fragm. 4) 'Abstractum-Glossar' aus der Wissenschaftlichen Bibliothek der Tomsker Staatlichen Universität." Zeitschrift fuer deutsches Altertum und Literatur 149, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 190–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/zfda-2020-0009.
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This publication represents an edition of a lost copy of the so-called Abstractum-Glossar, an extremely widespread late medieval glossary from Latin to German actually preserved in more than one hundred manuscripts with very variable sets of words. The copy which is edited here is one which was found in Tomsk (Russia), and formerly had been preserved in Hamburg. Diese Publikation bietet eine kritische Edition eines verschollenen sogenannten 'Abstractum-Glossars', ein weit verbreitetes spätmittelalterliches Lateinisch-Deutsches Glossar, von dem mehr als hundert Textzeugen mit unterschiedlichem Wortbestand existieren. Der hier edierte Textzeuge befand sich früher im Besitz der Hamburger Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek und wurde jetzt in Tomsk (Sibirien) wiederentdeckt.
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Mauder, Christian. "Georg Pilder’s Arabisches Lexicon of 1772 – The Oldest Known Comprehensive Arabic-German Dictionary Rediscovered." Der Islam 95, no. 2 (November 8, 2018): 524–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/islam-2018-0033.
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Abstract In 1772, the Moravian Protestant Georg Pilder (1716‒1793) finished his work on an Arabic-German-Italian dictionary with the title Arabisches Lexicon. This dictionary, which has so far escaped scholarly attention and survives in a single manuscript copy, represents the earliest comprehensive Arabic-German lexicographic work known to scholarship. Based primarily on Pilder’s experiences as a missionary in Cairo, it includes valuable material on diglossia and everyday language use in 18th-century Cairo. The article discusses Pilder’s biography against the background of Moravian activities in the Middle East, sheds light on when, why and based on which materials he composed his dictionary and studies how Pilder’s authorial intentions are reflected in the work’s content and structure. It moreover addresses the question of the dictionary’s relevancy in the contexts of missionary history, the history of Arabic Studies and contemporary linguistic research.
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Jakobi-Mirwald, Christine, and Marilena Maniaci. "“For there is nothing lost, that may be found, if sought”. Manuscript terminology across languages and scientific disciplines." De Medio Aevo 15, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/dmae.72790.
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The complex terminology used in the description of medieval books in manuscript catalogues and other scientific contributions offers a wide range of possible ambiguities and losses across languages and disciplines, losses that become evident most notably on their crossing paths in the Internet. . Sadly enough, true long-term collaboration across countries and disciplines is more the exception than the rule, which is also why the question of terminology and its translation is frequently neglected. The authors of the present contribution, an Italian codicologist and a German art historian – both of whom have provided lexicographical work tools which have seen several translations) – propose an overview of the work tools currently available (theoretical reflections, dictionaries, multilingual glossaries), followed by a small but significant selection of examples of gaps, ambiguities and other problems regarding the building of a shared multilingual language in manuscript studies.
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Aumüller, Gerhard, and Jürgen Wolf. "From the Dietrich Cycle to Trojan Romance: The Library Collection of Countess Erica von Waldeck as a Key to the Medieval Literary History of a Noble Dynasty Von Dietrichepik bis Trojaroman: Die Büchersammlung der Gräfin Anna Erica von Waldeck als Schlüssel zur mittelalterlichen Buchgeschichte eines Grafenhauses?" Zeitschrift fuer deutsches Altertum und Literatur 150, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 285–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/zfda-2021-0009.
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A binding waste discovery containing fragments from 'Parzival', 'Willehalm', a Bible translation, 'Speculum humanae salvationis', 'Lantsloot', 'The Life of St. Elisabeth' and much more leads to the hypothesis of a possible literary centre in medieval Waldeck. This series of discoveries is now significantly augmented by the supporting evidence of numerous medieval German language manuscripts und early printed books in the collection of Countess Anna Erica of Waldeck in her capacity as the princely Abbess of Gandersheim Abbey. Makulaturfunde mit 'Parzival', 'Willehalm', einer Bibelübersetzung, 'Speculum humanae salvationis', 'Lantsloot', 'Elisabethleben' uvm. lassen ein literarisches Zentrum in der mittelalterlichen Grafschaft Waldeck vermuten. Diese Waldecker Fundreihe wird nun bedeutend erweitert durch den Nachweis zahlreicher mittelalterlicher deutscher Handschriften und Frühdrucke im Besitz der Gräfin Anna Erica von Waldeck, ihres Zeichens Fürstäbtissin des Stifts Gandersheim.
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Gold, Julia, Mathias Herweg, Lisa Sophie Meyer-Almes, and Christoph Schanze. "Ein althochdeutscher ›Spruch vom Weltanfang‹." Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 140, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgsl-2018-0013.
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AbstractRather than presenting the so-called ›Wessobrunner Gebet‹ under its manuscript ›title‹ De poeta, today’s critics usually refer to the text as ›Wessobrunner Gebet‹ or ›Wessobrunner Schöpfungsgedicht‹. Both titles are misleading. However, regardless of its reception history, it is worthwhile analyzing the text in light of the form and genre traditions implicated by its modern titles. This essay offers a new perspective on the poetic, generic, and conceptual location of the ›Wessobrunner Gebet‹ in Old High German literary history.
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Khorasani, Manouchehr Moshtagh. "Reviviendo el arte ancestral de elaborar acero persa al crisol para armas blancas." Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 3, no. 2 (July 19, 2012): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v3i2.362.
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">This article is intended to both explain three traditional methods of manufacturing Persian crucible steel and to describe recent attempts by three German bladesmiths to replicate the results of traditional crucible steel making. The article will explain the process of making crucible steel, from the making of crucible steel cakes and forging of crucible cakes into bars, to polishing and etching these bars to reveal the crucible steel pattern. First described are three traditional methods of making crucible steel that are mentioned in Persian manuscripts. Second, elaborations are provided on three different modern processes carried out by three different talented German smiths, Achim Wirtz, Andreas Schweikert, and Cyrus Haghjoo. Finally, illustrations are shown some finished crucible steel blades made by Achim Wirtz and Andreas Schweikert as well as some crucible steel knives, made by the talented Belgian knifemaker Salsi Alessio, made from crucible steel bars provided by Achim Wirtz. </span></span></span></p>
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Schmidt, Christian. "Gefahrensinn um 1500." Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 140, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 74–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgsl-2018-0004.
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AbstractThis article presents a manuscript that was transferred from the Hamburg Franciscan monastery to the Hamburg Beguin convent around the year 1500. The manuscript connects treatises, meditations and prayers of the late medieval Ars moriendi by using cross references, rubrics and intentionally arranged textgroups. The article contextualizes the Middle Low German treatises within the tradition of the ›Speculum artis bene moriendi‹, the ›Bilder Ars‹ and Jean Gersons ›Opus tripartitum‹. It reconstructs how the interplay of didactic and performative texts creates a sense of danger in the face of death while simultaneously providing strategies for securing salvation.
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Rupp, Michael. "Unterweisung in Vers und Prosa." Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 140, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgsl-2018-0003.
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AbstractThe article discusses a number of Middle High German versions of Bertold of Regensburg's sermon on the mass as specifically vernacular adaptations of his Latin, authorised sermons. The adaptations in the miscellaneous manuscript Stadtbibliothek Mainz, HS I 221, Annaberg-Buchholz, St Anna 329 and in the fragment 221 of the StB Berlin are compared with the rendering in the corpus represented by the manuscript ÖNB Vienna, Codex 2829. The analysis of the textual variants and the different layout shows how the versions are adapted for specific use: as private reading matter, as instruction to meditate on the passion of Christ, or as rhymed catechetical lesson on the mass.
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Bisiada, Mario. "The editor’s invisibility." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 30, no. 2 (March 21, 2018): 288–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.16116.bis.
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Abstract Most corpus-based studies of translation use published texts as the basis for their corpus. This overlooks interventions by other agents involved in translation such as editors, who may have significant influence on the translated text. In order to study editors’ influence on the translation product, this paper presents a comparative analysis of manuscript and published translations, which allows a differentiation of actual translated language and edited translated language. Based on a tripartite parallel corpus of English business articles and their translations into German, I analyse translators’ and editors’ influence on grammatical metaphoricity of the text, specifically on the use of nominalisations. One finding is that a significant amount of nominalisation is re-verbalised by editors. The results show that translated language may often be the result of significant editorial intervention. Thus, by just considering source text and published translation, our picture of what translators actually do may be significantly distorted.
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Vinogradov, Andrey Yu, and Mikhail S. Zheltov. "The “Apocryphal” Inscription from Mangup, Crimea, and Rituals of “Exposing the Thief”: Magic and Law from Antiquity to the Middle Ages." Slovene 4, no. 1 (2015): 52–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2015.4.1.4.
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The discovery of a Byzantine bread stamp inscribed with the text of Ps 29:8 in the ruins of Mangup Basilica in Crimea allows the authors of this article to revise the entire tradition of the Byzantine magical and folk “recipes” for revealing a thief; it is this context in which this verse is used in combination with a special bread. Prototypes of these recipes and procedures are attested in the late antique syncretic (pagan-Judeo-Christian) magical papyri, in which private persons are advised to detect thieves by means of special spells, used either on their own or in combination with bread and cheese, an image of an eye, birds, bowls of water, and laurel leaves. In middle- and late-Byzantine manuscripts, these procedures are still present but in “Christianized” forms, even to the extent that a bread-and-cheese (or just bread) procedure is sometimes described as a regular liturgical rite, performed in a church. In the meantime, there is evidence indicating that the Byzantine hierarchy had been struggling with this and other instances of using magical procedures under the cloak of the Christian liturgy, and, in particular, bishops had been expelling priests who used bread sortilege to determine guilt. However, in Western Europe, especially in Germany and England, where spells against thieves had also been known since antiquity, the bread ordeal (English: Corsnaed, German: Bissprobe) became an accepted judicial practice, and even found its way into the official law codes of 11th-century England. Quite surprisingly, a similar phenomenon is attested in Russia (Novgorod) in the early 15th century. Taking into account the Crimean bread stamp studied in this article, one can conclude that bread ordeals, prohibited in Constantinople, could have been tolerated in the Byzantine periphery, including Crimea, and that it is from these areas that this practice could have come to some Russian regions as well.
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Kirakosian, Racha. "Intertextuelle Textilien." Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 142, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 236–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgsl-2020-0015.
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AbstractThis article compares a vision from the ›Legatus divinae pietatis‹ – attributed to Gertrude the Great (c. 1256–1301/1302) – with Alain de Lille’s twelfth-century allegory ›De planctu Naturae‹ (1160/1165). It shows how imaginary textiles, such as allegorical dresses in visions, function as a means of visualizing conceptions of time, temporality, and salvation. The late fourteenth-century German text ›ein botte der götlichen miltekeit‹ (based on the earlier Latin ›Legatus‹) is particularly strong in highlighting textile craftsmanship by employing technical terms that illustrate the allegorical dress in performative ways. Recently discovered manuscript evidence further showcases profound textile knowledge in vernacular texts.
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Swiggers, Pierre. "David Zeisberger’s Description of Delaware Morphology (1827)." Historiographia Linguistica International Journal for the History of the Language Sciences 36, no. 2-3 (2009): 325–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.36.2-3.08swi.
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This article proposes an analysis of the linguistic work of the Moravian missionary David Zeisberger (1721–1808), and more particularly of his grammar of the Delaware language (= [Lenni-]Lenape), which was published in 1827 in an English translation by Peter S. Du Ponceau (1760–1844), on the basis of the author’s German manuscript. A life-sketch and a short presentation of Zeisberger’s missionary work are intended to place the Delaware grammar in the context of his scholarly output, thus allowing the reader to adequately appreciate the practical orientation of the work. The analysis of the grammar, which is essentially a description of Delaware verb morphology, focuses on the parts-of-speech model, and on the treatment of the various word classes, with special attention being paid to the verb. The article offers a detailed study of the organization of the verb paradigms, of the division into conjugations and into ‘forms’ (positive, negative, etc.), and of the description of verbal ‘transitions’. The practical and analytical outlook of Zeisberger is confirmed by the lexicographically oriented treatment of the undeclinable parts of speech: the adverb, the preposition, the conjunction and the interjection. The conclusion insists on the fact that Zeisberger’s grammar was an important source for 19th-century linguists interested in language typology and more particularly in the structure of polysynthetic languages.
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Swiggers, Pierre. "David Zeisberger’s Description of Delaware Morphology (1827)." Quot homines tot artes: New Studies in Missionary Linguistics 36, no. 2-3 (December 1, 2009): 325–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.36.2.08swi.
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Summary This article proposes an analysis of the linguistic work of the Moravian missionary David Zeisberger (1721–1808), and more particularly of his grammar of the Delaware language (= [Lenni-]Lenape), which was published in 1827 in an English translation by Peter S. Du Ponceau (1760–1844), on the basis of the author’s German manuscript. A life-sketch and a short presentation of Zeisberger’s missionary work are intended to place the Delaware grammar in the context of his scholarly output, thus allowing the reader to adequately appreciate the practical orientation of the work. The analysis of the grammar, which is essentially a description of Delaware verb morphology, focuses on the parts-of-speech model, and on the treatment of the various word classes, with special attention being paid to the verb. The article offers a detailed study of the organization of the verb paradigms, of the division into conjugations and into ‘forms’ (positive, negative, etc.), and of the description of verbal ‘transitions’. The practical and analytical outlook of Zeisberger is confirmed by the lexicographically oriented treatment of the undeclinable parts of speech: the adverb, the preposition, the conjunction and the interjection. The conclusion insists on the fact that Zeisberger’s grammar was an important source for 19th-century linguists interested in language typology and more particularly in the structure of polysynthetic languages.
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Bertelsmeier-Kierst, Christa. "Medieval German legal texts in the 13th Century The Manuscripts of the 'Mühlhäuser Rechtsbuch' Deutschsprachige Rechtstexte im 13. Jahrhundert Die Handschriften des 'Mühlhäuser Rechtsbuchs'." Zeitschrift fuer deutsches Altertum und Literatur 148, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 431–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/zfda-2019-0016.
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The 'Mühlhäuser Rechtsbuch' of Thüringen is, with the exception of the 'Sachsenspiegel', one of the earliest medieval German legal texts. It emerges between 1230 and 1250 in the domain of the Hohenstaufen dynasty. The prospect for and the academic necessity of a new edition to replace HERBERT MEYER's edition from the 1930s was recently the subject of discussion at an interdisciplinary colloquium held from October 3rd to 5th 2018 in Mühlhausen. HELGE WITTMANN – from a historical perspective – and CHRISTA BERTELSMEIER-KIERST – from a palaeographical/codicologigal one – independently came to similar conclusions concerning MEYER's source manuscript choice for his edition. MEYER's choice of the N manuscript is critically examined by the scholars. An account of the results of these examinations are subsequently documented in this contribution to the ZfdA. Das 'Mühlhäuser Rechtsbuch' zählt neben dem 'Sachsenspiegel' zu den ältesten deutschsprachigen Rechtstexten im 13. Jahrhundert. Auf einem interdisziplinären Kolloquium, das vom 3.–5. Oktober 2018 in Mühlhausen stattfand, wurde diskutiert, ob eine Neuedition des Rechtsbuchs, das nur in einer verbesserten Edition HERBERT MEYERS aus den 30er Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts vorliegt, wissenschaftlich geboten erscheint. Voneinander unabhängig wiesen von historischer Seite HELGE WITTMANN und aus paläographisch-kodikologischer Sicht CHRISTA BERTELSMEIER-KIERST auf eine Neubewertung der Textzeugen hin, die MEYERS Edition und seine Entscheidung für die Handschrift N kritisch hinterfragt. Die Ergebnisse von BERTELSMEIER-KIERST sind nachfolgend in diesem Beitrag publiziert.
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Löffler, Anette. "Membra disiecta in the archive of the town of Wismar: New fragments from Jakob van Maerlants 'Der Naturen bloeme' and from the 'Dietsche Doctrinale' Membra disiecta im Archiv der Hansestadt Wismar: Neue Funde zu Jakob van Maerlants 'Der Naturen bloeme' sowie des 'Dietsche Doctrinale'." Zeitschrift fuer deutsches Altertum und Literatur 149, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 462–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/zfda-2020-0019.
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During the editing of the waste papers in the Wismar archive, two different Middle Low German fragments revealed which were part of the same manuscript. Two sheets contain parts of the 'Naturen bloeme' of Jakob van Maerlant, six further fragments contains excerpts from the 'Dietsche Doctrinale'. Various features indicate a connection with other fragments of the Leiden University Library. Bei der Erschließung der Makulatur im Wismarer Archiv traten zwei verschiedene mittelniederdeutsche Fragmente zutage, welche Teile derselben Handschrift waren. Zwei Blätter enthalten Teile der 'Naturen bloeme' des Jakob van Maerlant, sechs weitere Fragmente umfassen Ausschnitte aus das 'Dietsche Doctrinale'. Verschiedene Merkmale weisen auf eine Zusammengehörigkeit mit weiteren Fragmenten der Universitätsbibliothek Leiden hin.
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Goerlitz, Uta. "... der sol kommen in unser lant: Reflections on Walther's 'Preislied' ('Song of Praise') in the context of its manuscript tradition ... der sol komen in unser lant: Überlegungen zu Walthers 'Preislied' im Kontext seiner Mehrfachüberlieferung." Zeitschrift fuer deutsches Altertum und Literatur 149, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 427–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/zfda-2020-0017.
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The following paper provides a desideratum of research about Walthers 'Preislied', which is, as is well-known, related to the genesis of the German national anthem. Although the three versions in the medieval song manuscripts A, C and E, compiled between ca. 1270 and 1350, have already been compared with each other in more detail by research since the 1990s, there are still unanswered questions which need a new analysis based on more recent findings. Therefore, the focus is on the meaning and the semantic relations of such crucial lexemes used ideosyncratically by Walther as tiu(t)sch, vrowe(n) and wîp. The paper examines the changes of these relations in the three versions, which vary in stanza number, order and text. At the same time, it asks to what extent the different versions might thereby have encouraged modern interpretations that read the 'Preislied' as a praise of Germany and its women and men without making further semantic distinctions. However, central is the medieval song and not its modern reception. Der folgende Aufsatz löst ein Forschungsdesiderat über Walthers 'Preislied' ein, mit dem bekanntlich die Entstehung der deutschen Nationalhymne verbunden ist. Obwohl die drei Fassungen in den mittelalterlichen Liederhandschriften A, C und E, die zwischen 1270 und 1350 angelegt wurden, durch die Forschung seit den 1990ern bereits genauer miteinander verglichen worden sind, bleiben offene Fragen, die eine neue Analyse auf der Grundlage jüngerer Forschungen erforderlich machen. Der Fokus des Aufsatzes liegt auf der Bedeutung und den semantischen Relationen so zentraler von Walther in eigenständiger Weise verwendeter Lexeme wie tiu(t)sch, vrowe(n) und wîp. Der Aufsatz untersucht die Veränderungen dieser Relationen in den drei Fassungen, die in Strophenbestand, Strophenabfolge und Text variieren. Gleichzeitig fragt er, inwieweit die verschiedenen Fassungen dadurch in einer mehr oder weniger ausgeprägten Weise modernen Interpretationen Vorschub leisten konnten, die das 'Preislied' als ein Lob auf Deutschland und seine Frauen und Männer gelesen haben, ohne nähere semantische Differenzierungen zu treffen. Im Zentrum steht allerdings das mittelalterliche Lied und nicht seine neuzeitliche Rezeption.
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Müllneritsch, Helga. "The 'Who' of Manuscript Recipe Books: Tracing Professional Scribes." Sjuttonhundratal 14 (December 19, 2017): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/4.4155.
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The idea that female scribes – probably members of the middle or upper-classes – made manuscript recipe books for a fee, without being part of the owner’s family, has been discussed in English- and German-language countries for several years. The tradition of making manuscript recipe books for weddings and other important dates in the life of a woman justifies the idea that money was spent to provide such a present, for example, if time was scarce. If the owner did not want to make the effort to write the book on their own, a professional scribe was commissioned to carry out the task for them. In doing so, a personalised book could be made, that was probably more expensive than a printed book, but exclusive and tailored to the customer’s wishes. Three Austrian manuscripts examined in this study serve as a first attempt to reflect about the possibility of female scribes, drawing on examples of women working as paid and unpaid copyists and scribes in the eighteenth-century. One of the volumes gives clear evidence of a professional female scribe penning the book, either for a customer or herself, and the other two imply that professionals had been commissioned.
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Girininkaitė, Veronika. "The verbalization of emotions in the discourse of a multilingual speaker. A case study: Diary (1904-1910) by Vytautas Civinskis." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 9 (December 8, 2017): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2017.17450.
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The article aims to discuss the verbalisation of emotions in the discourse of a multilingual person. First, an overview of linguistic investigation in the field of emotions is presented. Notably, linguistic expression of feelings in every given language sometimes lacks precision; moreover, the names of emotions in various languages do not correspond. This poses some problems for multilinguals who try to express their emotions in L2. Later, the paper focuses on a case study, mainly on a series of examples from the manuscript of Diary (1904–1910), an egodocument from the beginning of the 20thcentury written by a multilingual student Vytautas Civinskis. The Diary was written mainly in Polish, Russian and Lithuanian. Civinskis was inspired to classify his own emotions by his studies in psychology. The examples show that while writing about his emotions the diarist makes use of lexical units from various languages (Polish, Russian, German, French, Lithuanian), often not matching the language of the sentence. Presumably, he chooses not to translate the words incorporated in idioms or collocations and avoids translating the names of emotions, which are especially salient in some given language. The diarist is keen to quote the texts of literary and other origin; therefore, he sometimes names his emotion after the line of a well-known poem or a song (such quotations are also kept in the original). The observed tendency to code-switch while talking about emotions corresponds to the results of some experiments carried out by the researchers of bilingualism. The case study also shows that research into emotion names in the discourse of multilinguals should rely on the results of research from the fields of lexical valency, semantics and psychology.
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Murdoch, Brian. "Serving the church: the early middle high German cantilena de conversione sancti pauli and the Colmar manuscript." Neophilologus 91, no. 3 (March 16, 2007): 459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11061-006-9017-9.
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Meijer, Gerard. "Cold Molecules This manuscript was co-published in the German language Physik Journal (G. Meijer, Phys. J. 2002, May, 41–46)." ChemPhysChem 3, no. 6 (June 17, 2002): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1439-7641(20020617)3:6<495::aid-cphc495>3.0.co;2-r.
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GINGRAS, BRUNO. "PARTIMENTO FUGUE IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY GERMANY: A BRIDGE BETWEEN THOROUGHBASS LESSONS AND FUGAL COMPOSITION." Eighteenth Century Music 5, no. 1 (March 2008): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478570608001188.
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ABSTRACTThe pervasiveness of thoroughbass in eighteenth-century German musical pedagogy is illustrated by the way that it extends from continuo realization exercises and chorale harmonizations to complete fugues. This article seeks to demonstrate how partimento fugue can be construed as the missing link between thoroughbass exercises and fully fledged keyboard fugues, by expanding on ideas first advanced by William Renwick. Through an examination of partimento fugues from J. S. Bach’s Precepts and Principles, Handel’s Lessons for Princess Anne, the Langloz manuscript and Heinichen’s Der General-Bass in der Composition, this study outlines a progression from basic realization exercises, in which the emphasis lies on the recognition and execution of continuo figures, to advanced recomposition assignments in which the performer is expected to project a rich contrapuntal texture from a simple figured-bass line, a task which is crucially dependent on the ability to memorize and reuse thematic material. The pedagogical value of partimento fugues also hinges on the acquisition of commonplace patterns such as the scalar descent and the harmonization of a chromatic line in alternating thirds and sixths. Although these patterns are often merely implied, they are found repeatedly in specific musical contexts, suggesting that they may function as generative melodic lines from which the composer derived both the harmonic progression and the underlying bass line, in a striking reversal of the standard compositional paradigm proposed by eighteenth-century theorists such as Niedt. Finally, the occurrence of these formulas in thoroughbass exercises, as well as in masterpieces such as J. S. Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavier, points to their ubiquitous character and demonstrates that they were part of a common language shared by many German composers of the period, thus emphasizing the need for an increased familiarity with the German partimento repertory and its conventions.
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Schwarcz, Iskra. "Attribution of the manuscript of The Life of Peter the Great and specifics of the Slavonic-Serbian language in the works of Zaharij Orfelin." Central-European Studies 2019, no. 2 (11) (2020): 158–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0877.2019.2.7.
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The article analyses the problem of the authorship of an anonymous manuscript on the history of Russia in the time of Peter the Great, which today is part of the library of the Institute of East European History at the University of Vienna. The hypothesis proposed is that this is the first part of the work of the famous Serbian enlightener Zaharija Orfelin, The Life and Glorious Deeds of Peter the Great, and a further assumption is given on where the second part of the manuscript may be located. The literary language in Orfelin’s work is a vivid manifestation of the so-called “Slavonic-Serbian” language. Attention is drawn to the use by Orfelin of different language systems in different literary genres - for example, The Life of Peter was written in the “Slavonic-Serbian” language, poetry was mainly in Serbian, and political treatises, such as Representation, were written in German. Orfelin paid particular attention to the development of school education and within a short time published a number of textbooks for Serbian children: in 1766, the Latin ABC Book with a short dictionary translated into the Slavonic-Serbian language was published, followed a year later by First elements of the Latin language containing Latin grammar and didactic dialogues, and in 1767 by the ABC of the “Slavonic [slavenskij] language”, which was the first Serbian alphabet and used in primary schools in Serbia until the end of the nineteenth century. Of interest are Orfelin’s less studied contacts with other representatives of the Revival among southern Slavs. The conclusion illustrates Orphelin’s attitude to the reforms of Maria Theresa in the field of religion and education.
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Samorodova, Ekaterina A., Irina G. Belyaeva, and Sofia A. Bakaeva. "Analysis of communicative methods effectiveness in teaching foreign languages during the coronavirus epidemic: distance format." XLinguae 14, no. 1 (January 2021): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2021.14.01.11.
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The forced transition to distance learning in 2020 forced the world scientific community to pay special attention to researching the effectiveness of the methodology for teaching subject disciplines in a remote format. In this manuscript, the authors did attempt to study, analyze, and classify various methods of teaching a foreign language (English, French, and German) at MGIMO University. The present research is based not only on a direct professional experience of working at a distance but also on an anonymous survey conducted among students. The purpose of this study is to develop and describe the most effective model of teaching a foreign language in the specified conditions. In addition to the empirical approach - observation of students' work during the semester, the use of experimental control methods, comparison, comparative analysis of the results - the authors also use data from an anonymous survey among students and foreign language teachers, which emphasizes the practical significance and relevance of the study. During the students questioning, it was found out which teaching methods and specific exercises are the most effective in the framework of a distance lesson. The questioning of teachers made it possible to classify statistical results and identify methods that teachers use in teaching a foreign language in a distance format and which could be used by them but are not used. On the basis of the data obtained, the authors conclude that there is a discrepancy between the ideas of teachers and students about the effectiveness of using certain forms of online education. This conclusion will allow in the near future to adjust the methodological and teaching aids for working in a distance format in foreign language classes.
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Alharbi, Sarah. "Notes sur les assises méthodologiques d’une « histoire littéraire structurale »." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 51, no. 1 (July 18, 2016): 95–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.51.1.04alh.
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This article examines the conditions in which H. R. Jauss, in his conference entitled Literaturgeschichte als Provokation (1967), elaborated a new theoretical approach of “structural literary history”. The central position this essay holds in literary theory has accounted for its enabling a turning point in the practice and the pedagogy of literary studies : it provides a model for the problematic articulation between structural analysis and historical interpretation of texts. In an attempt to put his theory into perspective, the German historian conducted two research projects in medieval genre theory. He bases his argument on the example of animal tales from the satirical Roman de Renart of the late 12th century, and asserts that philologists, in their extensive search for evidence based on manuscript sources, have discarded both the hermeneutical interest and the structural variety developed by storytellers in their texts. This study wishes to measure the scope and the results of this instructive methodology in the context of its didactic application. It discusses the roots of the problem, as well as the potential significance of “structural literary history” for our contemporary understanding of the theory and the practice of reading.
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DEHRMANN, MARK-GEORG. "Galerie der Volksgeister. : Zum europäischen Diskurs des ,Nationalepos‘ im 19. Jahrhundert." Zeitschrift für Germanistik 29, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 282–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/92165_282.
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Abstract Das ,Nationalepos‘ entsteht um 1800 aus einer spezifischen Diskursformation. Es beruht auf der Vorstellung, dass der identitäre Inbegriff einer Nation – der ,Volksgeist‘ – sich in einem zentralen Text manifestieren könne. Insofern wird das Nationalepos im 19. Jahrhundert zu einem der Schlüsseltexte des Nationalismus. Der Drang, ebenfalls ein solches Epos vorweisen zu können, ist dabei ein europäisches – und auch über Europa hinausgehendes – Phänomen. Die zeitgenössischen Theorien des Epos, die zur entsprechenden Auratisierung der Gattung entscheidend beigetragen haben, werden damit zu Blaupausen, um solche Texte herzustellen. Der Beitrag skizziert einige wichtige Momente dieser Epostheorien, um dann vier aus ihnen hervorgehende Praktiken zu beschreiben, mit deren Hilfe Nationalepen konstituiert wurden: Finden (am Beispiel des französischen Chanson de Roland), Fälschen (die böhmischen Handschriften aus Königinhof und Grünberg), Ordnen (das finnische Kalevala) und Singen (am Nibelunge-Epos von Wilhelm Jordan).The article deals with the national epic as a specific generic constellation that emerges around 1800. Conceived to be the manifestation of a nation’s identity – its ,spirit‘ –, the national epic serves as one of the textual cornerstones of contemporary nationalism. The will to ,own‘ an epic, become a compulsion among the European nations. Contemporary genre theories that are debated internationally, help to provide the epic with its exceptional aura, at the same time serving as models for the establishment of such texts. Thus, the nationalist epic must, quite ironically, be conceived as a European phenomenen, resulting from transnational cultural transfer. First, the article sketches some key aspects of contemporary theories of the genre; second, it presents four ways of constituting a national epic outlined by these theories: finding, forging, ordering, and singing, using as examples the French Chanson de Roland, the Bohemian Manuscripts from Königinhof and Grünberg, the Finnish Kalevala, and Wilhelm Jordan’s German Nibelunge.
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Roosimaa, Peeter. "Mt 10,38 ja Lk 14,27 sajandeid püsinud küsitav tõlge." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 4, no. 3 (December 18, 2013): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2013.4.3.09.
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Artikkel käsitleb Uue Testamendi eesti keelde tõlkimise probleeme. Paralleelkirjakohtades Mt 10,38 ja Lk 14,27 on Jeesuse ütlus, mis koosneb kolmest osalausest. Neist esimene ja viimane on eitavad, kuid eestikeelses tõlkes on eitatud ka teist osalauset. Selline lisaeitus leidub juba 1686. aastal ilmunud „Wastses Testamendis”. Uue Testamendi esimesed eestikeelsed tõlked on teinud saksa soost pastorid, kellel oli raskusi eituste edasiandmisel saksa keele omast erineva lausestruktuuriga eesti keeles. Kasutades aastatest 1680–1705 pärinevate tõlkekäsikirjade trükis avaldatud tekste, on artiklis vaatluse alla võetud valik eitusi sisaldavaid Luuka evangeeliumi salme. Siinne uurimus lubab oletada, et Mt 10,38 ja Lk 14,27 tekstides oleva lisaeituse puhul on tegemist tõlkeeksitusega, mis on hilisemate redigeerimiste ja osalt uuesti tõlkimiste käigus jäänud märkamata.For centuries remained questionable translation of Matthew 10:38 and Luke 14:27. Current article deals with the problems in translating New Testament into Estonian language. In parallel passages Matthew 10:38 and Luke 14:27 there is a saying of Jesus that consists of two conditions and one statement. First condition is negation, second condition is affirmation and conclusion is once again negation. In Estonian translation both conditions are negations. This extra negation is found already in “Wastne Testament” that was published in year 1686. The first translations of New Testament were created by German origin pastors who had trouble with different rules of negation in Estonian language. Print published manuscripts of Gospel of Luke’s translations from 1680–1705 were used for composing this article. This article suggests that additional negation in translation of Matthew 10:38 and Luke 14:27 is translation mistake that remained unnoticed during later revisions and partial retranslation.
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Russ, Charles V. J. "GERMAN STUDIES: LANGUAGE." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 57, no. 1 (January 2, 1995): 627–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2222-4297-90000771.
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Russ, Charles V. J. "GERMAN STUDIES: LANGUAGE." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 58, no. 1 (December 22, 1996): 681–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90000135.
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Russ, Charles V. J. "GERMAN STUDIES: LANGUAGE." Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 59, no. 1 (December 20, 1997): 633–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22224297-90000201.
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