Relevant bibliographies by topics / German law

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'German law'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "German law"

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Rohe, Mathias. "Islamic Law in German Courts." Hawwa 1, no. 1 (February 14, 2003): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692078-00101001.

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The application of Islamic law in a Western country—enforced by Western courts—may cause considerable irritation among many citizens in our countries. There are well-known issues of tension between traditional Islamic rules, especially those relating to Family law, and Western legal convictions. Nevertheless, Islamic law is indeed generally applicable in Germany on two levels. The rules of German Private International Law may lead to such a result; furthermore, an area of—indirect—application opens up within the framework of the so-called “optional” civil law. The task of German courts in such cases is to clarify the limits of public order (public policy) which may prevent the application of provisions contrary to the German legal standard of human rights. After having defined the levels of application of Islamic law in Germany, this article focuses on the Germany court practice concerning “critical” issues of Family law such as the rules on marriage, divorce, maintenance, guardianship, custody and adoption.
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Nolte, Georg, and Cordula Droede. "Germany: German Public Law Cases 1997198." European Public Law 5, Issue 3 (September 1, 1999): 350–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro1999030.

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Minnerop, Petra. "Rapports: Germany: German Constitutional Law Cases." European Public Law 7, Issue 4 (December 1, 2001): 549–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/383560.

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Blankenburg, Erhard. "The Purge of Lawyers after the Breakdown of the East German Communist Regime." Law & Social Inquiry 20, no. 01 (1995): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1995.tb00687.x.

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When in East Germany communist rule broke down, West Germans stood ready to take over. The end of communism also meant the end of the German Democratic Republic state; unification came as unconditional surrender to the western Federal Republic of Germany. The purge of the former regime's leaders therefore became intertwined with the West German takeover. With the takeover came Western politicians, managers, and professionals, forcing East Germans to compete fur jobs and influence. Opportunistic strategies with regard to the future buildup thus mixed with the desires for revenge and justice toward those responsible for the communist past. In this article I focus especially on the screening of the East German legal profession for reemployment in the unified Germany. In the West German tradition the legal profession forms the core of the civil services. In communist states lawyers had remained relatively marginal to the center of political power. Thus Western perceptions of the role of law account for the demise of the East German legal profession. That demise is taking place at a time when the Western regime is in need of many more legally trained people than ever worked in East Germany.
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Iksanov, Ilya S. "The Transformation of the Institution of Citizenship of the European Union in the FRG Laws." Constitutional and municipal law 12 (December 24, 2020): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3767-2020-12-73-77.

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The article studies the institution of citizenship in the Federal Republic of Germany (the “FRG”) and analyzes the constitutional provisions of the FRG laws regulating the institution of citizenship. The FRG institution of citizenship is also reviewed in this article from the European law standpoint. Special attention is paid to the correlation of the following concepts: “citizen of Germany”, “German” and “citizen of the European Union”. The concept of “German” is broader than the concept of a “citizen of Germany”, and not only the belonging to the German race is of importance for referring to “Germans”, but also the effective procedure for acceptance of interested parties in Germany.
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Quint, Peter E. "David Currie and German Constitutional Law." German Law Journal 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 2081–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220000078x.

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Without much doubt, the two great pillars of American scholarship on the German Basic Law and the jurisprudence of the Federal Constitutional Court are (in the order of first appearance) Donald Kommers's monumental casebook, The Constitutional Jurisprudence of the Federal Republic of Germany and David Currie's magisterial treatise, The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Germany. Professor Kommers's comprehensive work was a milestone in a long career that has been very substantially devoted to the study of German constitutional law. In the late 1960s, Kommers spent a research year at the German Constitutional Court and, drawing in part on personal interviews with the justices, he published the first major work in English on that court. Since then, Kommers has produced a steady stream of significant works on German constitutional law.
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Zielasek, Jürgen, and Wolfgang Gaebel. "Mental health law in Germany." BJPsych. International 12, no. 01 (February 2015): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000000088.

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There is no national mental health law in Germany: the 16 German states are responsible for legislation concerning forced admissions, while the German Civil Code covers non-acute care, in particular for those not able to care for themselves. In forensic psychiatry, both federal and state laws apply. This article describes this situation and provides figures about detentions and other aspects of mental health law in Germany.
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Braun, S. "Germany ∙ German Data Retention Law Nullified, Again." European Data Protection Law Review 9, no. 3 (2023): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/edpl/2023/3/12.

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Kohls, Malte. "German Soil Protection Law." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 3, no. 3 (2006): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187601006x00272.

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AbstractA uniform federal soil protection act has not been adopted until 1998.1 The Act primarily focuses on the clean-up of inherited pollution and contains only few preventive regulations concerning soil protection. Preventive instruments are predominantly integral parts of other laws. This article gives a review of the structure of the soil protection law in Germany and introduces the core regulations of the Federal Soil Protection Act. Furthermore, the article discusses the issue of liability for inherited pollution according to German civil law.
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REITZ, DANIELA, and GERD RICHTER. "Current Changes in German Abortion Law." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 19, no. 3 (May 28, 2010): 334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180110000113.

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The current practice of late termination of pregnancy in Germany has been criticized by the German Medical Association as well as several sociopolitical groups. The controversy has especially concerned the time limit for the termination of pregnancies and the counseling process prior to that intervention. The criticism, in part, originates from the reform of the German Abortion Law in 1995, and demands for change led to legislative initiatives in 2008.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "German law"

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Bittmann, Folker. "Internal investigations under German Law." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-176443.

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Folker Bittmann is a chief prosecutor and has served as head of the Public Prosecutor’s Office in Dessau-Roßlau, Germany since 2005. Prior to his current position, he worked as a lawyer in Heidelberg, a prosecutor in Darmstadt and Frankfurt, and a chief prosecutor in Halle/Saale. He is the editor and author of a handbook on criminal insolvency law, as well as an author of various articles on property law, white-collar crime, and criminal procedure law. Additionally, he is an advisor to an association on white-collar crime (Wirtschaftsstrafrechtliche Vereinigung e.V.) and is a member of the practice group of the Center for Criminal Compliance at the University of Gießen.
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Krebs, Beatrice. "Joint criminal enterprise in English and German law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:34e2c466-33c0-45ea-8790-338c4f4c893d.

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This thesis explores the English doctrine of joint criminal enterprise by way of a comparative study. Joint enterprise allows for the conviction of an accomplice (S) of an offence (crime B) committed by his associate-in-crime (P) on the basis of S's foresight of its commission by P as a possible incident to their joint criminal venture (crime A). While it is generally accepted that this common law principle needs reforming, successive governments have declined to take on the task. Against this backdrop, this thesis explores whether the contentious features of joint enterprise liability might be reformed by way of common law development. To this end, the thesis examines the doctrine's constituent elements, its function, underlying rationale and place within the structure of primary and secondary liability. Particular emphasis is put on the specific problems associated with the application of joint enterprise liability in the context of murder. Looking at the functional equivalents of joint enterprise in German law, the thesis challenges the orthodox view that joint enterprise is a head of liability available to the prosecution alongside co-perpetration and aiding and abetting. Indeed, it argues that an inculpatory function of the principle is difficult to justify and suggests that, both historically and as a matter of principle, it is better seen as an exculpatory device aimed at delineating the scope of co-perpetration and aiding and abetting. The thesis concludes that the current law does not serve this function very well, as its mens rea threshold (some form of recklessness, when proof of intention is needed to convict the principal offender) sets the hurdle for conviction of secondary parties indefensibly low. Informed by ideas taken from German law - especially an extended concept of intention known as dolus eventualis - the thesis's principal contention is that English law would do better defining joint enterprise liability in terms of foresight plus endorsement. Indeed, the thesis aims to show that English law was very close to such a conception, and that the common law took a wrong turn in Powell. It concludes that it is still open to the Supreme Court to adopt an endorsement-focussed approach to joint enterprise liability, thereby alleviating concerns that the law in this area is too harsh and over-inclusive, and bringing it closer to the threshold of liability for principal offenders which requires proof of intention. Such an approach would also make the law of complicity more principled and coherent.
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Sims, Vanessa Karin. "Good faith in contract law : a comparative analysis of English and German law." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265456.

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The concept of good faith has an important role to play in English contract law, where the elements necessary for its recognition already exist. Nevertheless, the issue has divided the contract community. Although there is strong support for the recognition of such a concept, it is more often rejected on the basis that it would be, at best, unnecessary and, at worst, a serious disruption of contract law. These arguments are correct to the extent that it would indeed be difficult, if not impossible, to transplant an existing continental version of good faith into English law. They fail, however, to consider the possibility of good faith developing organically within the common law, as an overarching principle integral to general law of contract that governs the performance of agreements. In preparation for the argument that the elements necessary for the recognition of a concept of good faith already exist in English law, the use of the term 'good faith' in contracts uberrimae .fidei and the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 is contrasted with, respectively related to, the present debate. The analysis then focuses on the implied term of mutual trust and confidence in employment law, which is identified as a functional equivalent to the German concept of Treu und Glauben. The subsequent extension of this comparison to terms commonly implied into commercial contracts culminates in the identification of the key elements of good faith. At one level, it ensures that contracts are performed as they were intended to be, by ensuring that the parties do not abuse contractual rights for an extraneous purpose; at another, it provides an instrument for the enforcement of policy considerations within the contractual framework. The central concern is always the balancing of interests - those of the parties, those of the community within which the parties are operating, and those of society as a whole. The elements thereby identified are more than capable of refinement into a coherent theory; this thesis commences the process of conceptual analysis and thereby takes the first step towards the recognition of a truly English concept of good faith.
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Knoche, Thomas. ""Battle of forms" in German and US : American law." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64020.

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Dodsworth, Timothy J. "The underlying values of German and English contract law." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/78788/.

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This thesis identifies the underlying values of German and English contract law. It establishes that to some extent almost all values are reflected in both jurisdictions but that in many cases the underlying values compete with each other. The thesis identifies the balance of the values in the context of four problem areas namely pre-contractual duties of disclosure (breaking off negotiations), mistake, unfair contract terms and changed circumstances. The thesis concludes that although almost all values are reflected in each system the balance of the values differs significantly. This is important and topical because identifying the balance of the competing values within a jurisdictions and contrasting these to another jurisdiction provides a deeper level of understanding of the courts' decision-making process. The particular questions which the research addresses are twofold, firstly, which values are competing within the context of a particular problem, and secondly, what weight is given to each value in a given context in contrast to the other jurisdiction. In order to address these questions a combination of doctrinal and comparative research methods is adopted. The focus is on the decisions of the respective courts', but doctrinal elements are also explored through the way in which cases were interpreted by academic writers at that particular time, while a functional comparative method is adopted. The work does not aim to create its own theory of contract or try to engage in the theoretical debate of which universal values 'should' apply. The implications of the research findings are that policies at a European level can more accurately identify the core underlying values if they firstly identify the viability of harmonising areas of contract law and at a national level and evaluate potential legislative changes in light of these values. Additionally, identification of the values also allows further research on the desirability of the values to be conducted.
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Wolff, Ulrich Hermann. "Reducing damages claims for beneficial events : comparative thoughts in German civil law and common law." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64045.

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Maxwell, Catherine J. "Aspects of multi-party unjustified enrichment in South African law : a comparison with German law." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8916.

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In this thesis, aspects of the South African law of multi-party enrichment are compared with the equivalent rules of German law. Against the background of a general comparison of the German and South African law of unjustified enrichment, the following sets of factual circumstances are examined in detail: performance of the obligation of another; performance in accordance with an instruction; and performance in response to a cession. Rather than following a conventional comparative approach (viz where a chapter is devoted to each of the legal systems under consideration, and then comparisons are made in a final, analytical chapter), this thesis is structured as follows: each chapter begins with a comparative treatment of the legal context in which such situations arise. Then various factual permutations are treated, taking into account the German and South African approaches to such practical situations and the underlying policy factors that influence the law. On the basis of this critical evaluation, recommendations are made for the development of South African law.
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Vliet, Lars Peter Wunibald van. "Transfer of movables in German, French, English and Dutch law." Proefschrift, Nijmegen : Maastricht : Ars Aequi Libri ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2000. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6895.

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Youngs, Raymond. "A comparative law assessment of the contribution which German human rights law can make to English human rights law." Thesis, Kingston University, 2013. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/27783/.

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Peglow, Michael A. H. "'Financial futures' : legal nature and validity under English and German law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334081.

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Books on the topic "German law"

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Bonn, Moritz J. German criminal law. Würzburg: Harfst Verlag, 1998.

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Singh, Mahendra P. German Administrative Law. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02457-7.

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Bonn, Moritz J. German criminal law. Würzburg: Harfst Verlag, 1998.

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1936-, Harfst Gerold, and Schmidt Otto A. 1927-, eds. German criminal law. Würzburg: Harfst Verlag, 1989.

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Bonn, Moritz J. German environmental law. Berlin: E. Schmidt, 2001.

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European contract law and German law. Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer, Law & Business, 2014.

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R, Siebel Ulf, Löwenstein Michael Prinz zu, and Finney Robert solicitor, eds. German capital market law. New York: Oceana, 1995.

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Youngs, Raymond. Sourcebook on German law. London: Cavendish Pub., 1994.

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Handwerks, Zentralverband des Deutschen, and Technonet Asia, eds. German small business law. Singapore: ZDH-Technonet Asia Partnership Project, 1992.

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Sourcebook on German law. 2nd ed. London: Cavendish Pub., 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "German law"

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Duivenvoorde, Bram B. "German Law." In Studies in European Economic Law and Regulation, 79–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13924-1_5.

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Breyer, Wolfgang. "German Law." In International Construction Law, 132–75. London: Informa Law from Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315671376-4.

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Haberl, Sonja Elisabeth. "German Law System." In Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, 948–57. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7753-2_596.

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Haberl, Sonja Elisabeth. "German Law System." In Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, 1–10. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7883-6_596-1.

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Haberl, Sonja Elisabeth. "German Law System." In Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, 1–11. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7883-6_596-2.

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Lorenz, Michael, and Roland Falder. "German Labour Law." In Das deutsche und chinesische Arbeitsrecht The German and Chinese Labour Law 德国与中国劳动法, 103–21. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-10092-6_6.

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Usinger, Wolfgang. "Rental Law." In Understanding German Real Estate Markets, 113–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23611-2_9.

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Singh, Mahendra P. "Nature, Scope, and Growth of German Administrative Law." In German Administrative Law, 1–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02457-7_1.

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Singh, Mahendra P. "Legislative Powers: Delegated Legislation." In German Administrative Law, 19–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02457-7_2.

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Singh, Mahendra P. "Administrative Powers: Administrative Act." In German Administrative Law, 32–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02457-7_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "German law"

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Di Benedetto, Giovanna. "THE RIGHTS OF FUTURE GENERATIONS IN ITALIAN-EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAW." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/4.2/s19.43.

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The work analyzes the rights of future generations in a perspective of solidarity within Italian-European environmental law, in a similar way to what was done in the German legal system. The analysis is conducted through a survey of the Italian-European regulatory framework, also with specific reference to the objectives of European social policies and through the jurisprudential comparative analysis with the legal system of the Federal Republic of Germany. In particular, with specific reference to a recent environmental dispute brought before the German Constitutional Court (Case Neubauer, et all v. Germany), within which the rights of future generations to live in a healthy environment are recognized. In the aforementioned case, the complainants allege that the German government has not introduced a legal framework sufficient to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and has not limited the increase in global temperature, according to the parameters agreed in the Paris Climate Agreement of 2015. The ruling of the German Constitutional Court is relevant since it considers it inadequate to achieve the objectives set by the international obligations on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions assumed by the federal law on climate protection of 2019. The aforementioned law is considered partly unconstitutional because it does not sufficiently protect people from future violations and limitations of the rights of freedom following the gradual intensification of climate change. In particular, in a perspective of solidarity, in a not local but global conception of the environment, with the recognition of the progressive and dangerous climate change, the German Constitutional Court notes that the German legislator has not distributed the CO2 emission balance proportionally and therefore, an adequate distribution of the sacrifice among current and future generations. In particular, the German Court writes: "one generation must not be allowed to consume large portions of the CO2 balance by supporting a relatively smaller share of the reduction effort, if this would leave subsequent generations with a drastic reduction burden and expose their lives to serious losses of liberty". The European and sometimes national regulatory framework still appears to be unsatisfactory with respect to the sustainable development objectives. So, the task of the national courts is that, as in the case of the German Constitutional Court, to evaluate the national regulatory provisions on climate protection, in the light of the principle of solidarity towards future generations, adopting an environmental approach that is not limited in time and in space but global.
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Quapp, Ulrike, and Klaus Holschemacher. "Aspects of Building Contract Law and Professional Liability Under German Law." In Research, Development and Practice in Structural Engineering and Construction. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-7920-4_ldr-1-0036.

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Dinnebier, Natalia V. "Elements of public lawin German labor law." In АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТИ И ПУБЛИЧНОГО ПРАВА. Санкт-Петербург: Санкт-Петербургский институт (филиал) ВГУЮ (РПА Минюста России), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47645/9785604755174_66.

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Shagaev, Viktor, and Lyudmila Alyaeva. "SOLUTION OF THE «GERMAN QUESTION» AT THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA: HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ASPECT." In Law and law: problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02033-3/084-100.

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The article analyzes in detail the ideas of the participants of the Congress of Vienna on the political form of unification in the German territories after the revolutionary events in France and the Napoleonic wars.
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Azwar, Wazni. "Women in German Islamic Organizations." In Riau Annual Meeting on Law and Social Sciences (RAMLAS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200529.277.

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Saxinger, Andreas, and Thomas Wagner. "Temporary living projects under the German town planning Law." In 26th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2019_92.

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Li, Wei, and Gareth J. F. Jones. "Evaluating Professional Search: A German Construction Law Use Case." In FIRE 2020: Forum for Information Retrieval Evaluation. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3441501.3441677.

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Glaser, Ingo, Tom Schamberger, and Florian Matthes. "Anonymization of german legal court rulings." In ICAIL '21: Eighteenth International Conference for Artificial Intelligence and Law. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466087.

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Koos, Stefan. "The German Supply Chain Due Diligence Act 2021 and Its Impact on Globally Operating German Companies." In 2nd Riau Annual Meeting on Law and Social Sciences (RAMLAS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220406.027.

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Darji, Harshil, Jelena Mitrović, and Michael Granitzer. "A Dataset of German Legal Reference Annotations." In ICAIL 2023: Nineteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3594536.3595173.

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Reports on the topic "German law"

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Manson, Janet. International law, German Submarines and American Policy. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2489.

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Mazurkiewicz, Marek. ECMI Minorities Blog. German minority as hostage and victim of populist politics in Poland. European Centre for Minority Issues, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/fhta5489.

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On 4 February 2022, the Polish Journal of Laws published a new ordinance of the Minister of Education and Science, implementing cuts in the funding of education of German as a minority language. Consequently, the hourly length of such lessons will be significantly reduced. This regulation applies exclusively to the German minority, and the official motive for introducing discriminatory measures is to improve the situation of Polish diaspora in Germany. This is the first time after 1989 when the Polish state authorities introduce a law limiting the rights of Poland’s citizens belonging to a national minority (in this situation children), as a retaliation for the alleged situation of a kin-community elsewhere. Importantly, the adopted regulations are not only discriminatory towards one of the minorities; their implementation may in fact contribute to the dysfunctionality of the entire minority education system in Poland. This is also an obvious violation of the constitutional principle of equality before the law, the right of minorities to ‘maintain and develop their own language’, international standards of minority rights protection, as well as a threat to the very functioning of human rights protection mechanisms in the country.
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Mahdavian, Farnaz. Germany Country Report. University of Stavanger, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.180.

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Germany is a parliamentary democracy (The Federal Government, 2021) with two politically independent levels of 1) Federal (Bund) and 2) State (Länder or Bundesländer), and has a highly differentiated decentralized system of Government and administration (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit, 2021). The 16 states in Germany have their own government and legislations which means the federal authority has the responsibility of formulating policy, and the states are responsible for implementation (Franzke, 2020). The Federal Government supports the states in dealing with extraordinary danger and the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) supports the states' operations with technology, expertise and other services (Federal Ministry of Interior, Building and Community, 2020). Due to the decentralized system of government, the Federal Government does not have the power to impose pandemic emergency measures. In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to slowdown the spread of coronavirus, on 16 March 2020 the federal and state governments attempted to harmonize joint guidelines, however one month later State governments started to act more independently (Franzke & Kuhlmann, 2021). In Germany, health insurance is compulsory and more than 11% of Germany’s GDP goes into healthcare spending (Federal Statistical Office, 2021). Health related policy at the federal level is the primary responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Health. This ministry supervises institutions dealing with higher level of public health including the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute (PEI), the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and the Federal Centre for Health Education (Federal Ministry of Health, 2020). The first German National Pandemic Plan (NPP), published in 2005, comprises two parts. Part one, updated in 2017, provides a framework for the pandemic plans of the states and the implementation plans of the municipalities, and part two, updated in 2016, is the scientific part of the National Pandemic Plan (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). The joint Federal-State working group on pandemic planning was established in 2005. A pandemic plan for German citizens abroad was published by the German Foreign Office on its website in 2005 (Robert Koch Institut, 2017). In 2007, the federal and state Governments, under the joint leadership of the Federal Ministry of the Interior and the Federal Ministry of Health, simulated influenza pandemic exercise called LÜKEX 07, and trained cross-states and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007b). In 2017, within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with representatives from WHO and the World Bank to prepare for future pandemic events (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). By the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, on 27 February 2020, a joint crisis team of the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI) and the Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) was established (Die Bundesregierung, 2020a). On 4 March 2020 RKI published a Supplement to the National Pandemic Plan for COVID-19 (Robert Koch Institut, 2020d), and on 28 March 2020, a law for the protection of the population in an epidemic situation of national scope (Infektionsschutzgesetz) came into force (Bundesgesundheitsministerium, 2020b). In the first early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Germany managed to slow down the speed of the outbreak but was less successful in dealing with the second phase. Coronavirus-related information and measures were communicated through various platforms including TV, radio, press conferences, federal and state government official homepages, social media and applications. In mid-March 2020, the federal and state governments implemented extensive measures nationwide for pandemic containment. Step by step, social distancing and shutdowns were enforced by all Federal States, involving closing schools, day-cares and kindergartens, pubs, restaurants, shops, prayer services, borders, and imposing a curfew. To support those affected financially by the pandemic, the German Government provided large economic packages (Bundesministerium der Finanzen, 2020). These measures have adopted to the COVID-19 situation and changed over the pandemic. On 22 April 2020, the clinical trial of the corona vaccine was approved by Paul Ehrlich Institute, and in late December 2020, the distribution of vaccination in Germany and all other EU countries
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4

Freeman, Richard, and Ronald Schettkat. Low Wage Services: Interpreting the US - German Difference. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7611.

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Dütsch, Matthias, and Ralf Himmelreicher. Characteristics contributing to low- and minimum-wage labour in Germany. Otto-Friedrich-Universität, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20378/irb-54129.

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In this article we examine the characteristics of individuals, companies, and industries involved in low-wage labour in Germany to understand their impact on the risks workers face of earning hourly wages that are below the minimum-wage and low-wage thresholds. To identify these characteristics, we use the Structure of Earnings Survey 2014 (SES). The SES is a mandatory survey of companies which provides information on wages and working hours from about 1 million jobs and nearly 70,000 compa-nies from all industries. This data allows us to present the first systematic analysis of the interaction of individual-, company-, and industry-level factors on minimum- and low-wage working in Germany. Using a descriptive analysis, we first give an overview of typical low-paying jobs, companies, and in-dustries. Second, we use random intercept-only models to estimate the explanatory power of the indi-vidual, company, and industry levels. One main finding is that the influence of individual characteristics on wage levels is often overstated: Less than 25 percent of the differences in the employment situa-tion regarding being employed in minimum-wage or low-wage jobs can be attributed to the individual level. Third, we performed logistic and linear regression estimations to assess the risks of having a minimum- or low-wage job and the distance between a worker’s actual earnings and the minimum- and low-wage thresholds. Our findings allow us to conclude that several determinants related to indi-viduals appear to suggest a high low-wage incidence, but in fact lose their explanatory power once controls are added for factors relating to the companies or industries that employ these individuals.
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Todter, Karl-Heinz, and Gerhard Ziebarth. Price Stability vs. Low Inflation in Germany: An Analysis of Costs and Benefits. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6170.

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7

Lißner, Sven, Stefan Huber, and Maike von Harten. Influence of the cycling campaign CITY CYCLING on cycling behaviour in Germany. TU Dresden, Fakultät Verkehrswissenschaften 'Friedrich List', 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26128/2023.65.

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The CITY CYCLING (STADTRADELN) campaign has been running since 2008 to motivate German citizens to use the bicycle for daily mobility routines. In the course of the MOVEBIS research project, nationwide GPS data of the CITY CYCLING participants were collected in the years 2018-2020 and were processed for planning purposes. This contribution addresses the question to which extent the participants in the CITY CYCLING campaign represent cyclists in the Federal Republic of Germany and whether the motivation during the campaign leads to a significant change in mobility behaviour. For this purpose, more than 73,000 complete questionnaires of campaign participants from a survey in the year 2020 were evaluated. The age and gender distribution of app users and non-users of the campaign are corresponding to those of cyclists from representative household surveys in Germany (MiD 2017). App users and non app users differ only insignificantly from each other and are, on average, rather older than in the cycling participants of nationwide MiD survey. The results reveal that the smartphone has no significant influence on the cycling behaviour of the users. The survey participants are regular cyclists. Around 88% of the respondents use the bicycle most frequently in everyday life, followed by the private car (national average) and public transport (in large cities). The influence of the campaign on the level of utilisation or the number of kilometres travelled by bike can be described as rather low, overall. Whereas 65% of the participants stated that they cycled to work just as often as outside the campaign period, 19% of the respondents used the bicycle less often for commuting and 16% more often. The results indicate that the CITY CYCLING campaign captures and represents the everyday transport behaviour of participants. During the COVID-19 pandemic, participants used their bicycles significantly more often (73%). The perception of safety is consistently high. The campaign was rated very positively and the majority of users (91%) would participate again or rather recommend the campaign to others (78%).
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Alexander, Timothy, and Ole Seehausen. Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes. "Projet Lac" synthesis report. Eawag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55408/eawag:24051.

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Projet Lac was a large project conducted by Eawag and the University of Bern to quantitatively survey, for the first time, whole-lake fish communities in the large and deep lakes in and around the European Alps using multiple, standardised sampling methods. Starting in 2010, in total 35 lakes were investigated across Switzerland, Italy, France, Germany and Austria, with more than 106 fish species recorded. This report brings together key findings, compares fish communities among lakes, investigates their relationship to environmental parameters, and provides an overview of drivers of biodiversity and community structure in this important ecosystem.
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Sadowski, Dieter. Board-Level Codetermination in Germany - The Importance and Economic Impact of Fiduciary Duties. Association Inter-University Centre Dubrovnik, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53099/ntkd4304.

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The empirical accounts of the costs and benefits of quasi-parity codetermined supervisory boards, a very special German institution, have long been inconclusive. A valid economic analysis of a particular legal regulation must take the legal specificities seriously, otherwise it will be easily lost in economic fictions of functional equivalence. At its core the corporate actor “supervisory board” has no a priori objective function to be maximised – the corner stone of the theory of the firm – but its objective function will only be brought about a posteriori – should negotiations result in an agreement (E. Fraenkel). With this understanding,the paper presents six recent quasi-experimental studies on the economic (dis) advantageousness of the German codetermination laws that try to follow the rules of causal inference despite the lack of random variation. By and large they refute the hold-up model of codetermination by showing positive or nonnegative effects even on shareholder wealth – and a far-reaching improvement of the well-being of the core workforce. In conclusion, indications are offered that the shareholder primacy movement has only weakened, but not dissolved the “Deutschland AG”.
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Hölz, Sebastian, and Mirjam Perner. Bathymetric and microbial investigations at the Grimsey Vent Field (Iceland), Cruise No. AL595, 31.5. – 20.6.2023, Kiel (Germany) – Grimsey Vent Field (Iceland) – Kiel (Germany) AUV@GVF. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_al595.

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During research cruise AL595 (31.5. - 20.6.2023) onboard research vessel ALKOR, investigations were carried out at the Grimsey Hydrothermal Field offshore Northern Iceland as part of the Helmholtz InnoPool project “High CO2 – metabolic responses and bioeconomic opportunities”. For the first time, the Hover-AUVs Anton and Luise were successfully operated at water depths of up to 400m, which is close to the maximum operational depth of 500m specified for these Girona 500 AUVs. AUV Anton was used to measure high resolution multibeam data with a horizontal resolution of approximately 40cm cov- ering a total area of ca. 1.4km2. AUV Luise acquired five photo-mosaics with sub-centimeter resolution covering a total area of ca. 5.000m2. In addition, both AUVs carried CTD probes, which will allow to investigate the local distribution of hydrothermal activity. Both high-resolution bathymetry and pho- togrammetry data yield new insights into the morphology and overall structure of the vent site and its surrounding, which will be valuable for the interpretation of geophysical data previously acquired in the working area. Sampling with a multicorer (three successful deployments), a 300cm long gravity corer (five successful deployments), a BIGO lander (two successful deployments) and casts with the CTD- rosette (seven deployments) generated fluid, pore-fluid and sediment samples to be analyzed by the working groups Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry, Marine Natural Products and Marine Geochem- istry at GEOMAR and at Matís (Iceland, Natural Products only). Lab work to be carried out in the home labs will yield insights into the physiological adaptation of microbial communities and individual microbes to very high CO2 concentrations and will explore microbial utilization of CO2 for establishing CO2-based bioeconomic value chains. (Alkor-Berichte ; AL595)
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