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Journal articles on the topic 'German National Health Interview and Examination Survey'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Burger, Martina, and Gert BM Mensink. "High alcohol consumption in Germany: results of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998." Public Health Nutrition 7, no. 7 (October 2004): 879–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2004631.

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AbstractObjective:To analyse the alcohol consumption behaviour of the German adult population, with a focus on the characteristics of persons drinking more than the tolerable upper alcohol intake level (TUAL) of 10–12 g day−1 for healthy adult women and 20–24 g day−1 for healthy adult men.Design and setting: For the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998, a representative sample of free-living adults was drawn. A total of 7124 participants were interviewed comprehensively about their sociodemographic background, lifestyle and eating habits including alcohol consumption.Subjects:A sub-sample of 4030 women and men, 18–79 years old, who were involved in the integrated German Nutrition Survey.Results:About 16% of women and 31% of men had mean alcohol consumption above the TUAL. Among other factors, the inclination to exceed the TUAL was related to middle-age, high socio-economic status, smoking and use of soft drugs. Among both women and men, a high proportion of persons drinking above the TUAL was observed among those consuming low amounts of soft drinks, fruit, poultry, milk products, bread and cake/biscuits. Women preferred to drink wine, whereas men preferred to drink beer.Conclusions:Many Germans have an alcohol consumption level above the TUAL and thus are supposed to be at increased risk for alcohol-associated diseases.

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Schlaud, Martin, H. Hölling, P. Kamtsiuris, and B. M. Kurth. "P1.52: Current state of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents“KiGGS”." Biometrical Journal 46, S1 (March 2004): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200490177.

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Schmitz, Norbert, Johannes Kruse, and Wolfgang Thefeld. "P1.53: Depression and Anxiety in Subjects with Diabetes - Results from the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey." Biometrical Journal 46, S1 (March 2004): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200490025.

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4

Neuhauser, Hannelore K., Ute Ellert, and Bärbel-Maria Kurth. "A comparison of Framingham and SCORE-based cardiovascular risk estimates in participants of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998." European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation 12, no. 5 (October 2005): 442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjr.0000183909.52118.9f.

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Background Overestimation of risk by Framingham risk functions not only in southern but also in northern European populations including Germany, has led to the development of the SCORE risk estimation model. Design Data of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998 was used to determine whether SCORE leads to lower estimates of the 10-year absolute risk of fatal cardiovascular disease and fatal coronary heart disease than a Framingham model. Predicted numbers of events were compared with approximations based on national mortality statistics. Methods Inclusion criteria followed the recommendations for the use of SCORE: age 30 to 69 years, no previous history of cardiovascular disease and no markedly raised levels of single risk factors (leaving 1811 men and 1955 women for analysis). Results The SCORE model for high-risk regions (SCORE-HIGH, which is recommended for Germany pending calibration with national data) predicted the highest number of events, followed by the estimations with mortality statistics, the Framingham model and SCORE-LOW (87 fatal cardiovascular disease events versus 77, 62 and 47; fatal coronary heart disease events 62 versus 46, 46 and 30). Agreement on high-risk status, defined as the 10-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease of 5% or higher now or if extrapolated to age 60, was moderate for both men and women (≤ 0.52 and 0.42 for Framingham and SCORE-HIGH). Conclusions Our results suggest that SCORE-HIGH may overestimate absolute risk of fatal coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease in Germany and may need calibration. Furthermore, the limitations of current risk prediction tools emphasize the ongoing need for comprehensive, high-quality and timely European cohort data.

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Langen, U., and J. Röhmel. "Correlations Between Allergic and Infectious Diseases – Results of the Latest German National Health Survey (NHS98) and the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)." Open Allergy Journal 2, no. 1 (January 21, 2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874838400902010001.

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In the literature, according to the hygiene hypothesis, infections should be expected to correlate with fewer allergies. However, several studies clearly show that infections – especially infections of the upper respiratory tract – and surrogate parameters such as the use of antibiotics or paracetamol correlate with a higher rate of allergies. This article reviews the literature (50 articles are analyzed) on possible connections between infections and allergies and offers some possible explanations. Original data from population-based health interviews and examination surveys of adults, children and adolescents are added. These data show a clear correlation between most infections and an enhanced allergy rate. Nevertheless, although the correlastions obtained seem intriguing, it has to be kept in mind, that no clear direction of the correlations can be stated since the database does not allow for such interpretation. So, the data do not necessarily add to the picture of the hygiene hypothesis, as the infections could have followed the allergies. The probability of suffering from an allergy rises with the number of infections (or vice versa) a person has had (e.g. the risk for adults of developing asthma is enhanced to 1.3 CI-95% 1.2-1.4 with enhanced numbers of former infections with pertussis, chickenpox, scarlet fever, dysentery or typhoid/paratyphoid). This applies especially to pertussis (e.g. 15.8% CI-95% 13.6-18.3% of children with hayfever had pertussis versus 7.6% CI-95% 6.9-8.3% of the healthy children) and chickenpox infections (e.g. 84.7% CI-95% 82.7-86.6% of children with hayfever had chickenpox versus 66.8% CI-95% 65.8-67.8% of the healthy children), both of which are preventable by vaccination.

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6

JACOBI, F., H. U. WITTCHEN, C. HÖLTING, M. HÖFLER, H. PFISTER, N. MÜLLER, and R. LIEB. "Prevalence, co-morbidity and correlates of mental disorders in the general population: results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (GHS)." Psychological Medicine 34, no. 4 (April 21, 2004): 597–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703001399.

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Background. The German National Health Interview and Examination Survey (GHS) is the first government mandated nationwide study to investigate jointly the prevalence of somatic and mental disorders within one study in the general adult population in Germany. This paper reports results from its Mental Health Supplement (GHS-MHS) on 4-week 12-month, and selected lifetime prevalence of a broad range of DSM-IV mental disorders, their co-morbidity and correlates in the community.Methods. The sample of the GHS-MHS (n=4181; multistage stratified random sample drawn from population registries; conditional response rate: 87·6%) can be regarded as representative for the German population aged 18–65. Diagnoses are based on fully structured computer assisted clinical interviews (M-CIDI), conducted by clinically trained interviewers.Results. 12-month prevalence for any DSM-IV study disorder is 31% (lifetime: 43%; 4-week: 20%) with anxiety disorders, mood disorders and somatoform syndromes being the most frequent diagnoses. Retrospective age of onset information reveals that most disorders begin early in life. Co-morbidity rates among mental disorders range from 44% to 94%. Correlates of increased rates of mental disorders and co-morbidity were: female gender (except for substance disorders), not being married, low social class, and poor somatic health status. Health care utilization for mental disorders depended on co-morbidity (30% in ‘pure’, 76% in highly co-morbid cases) and varied from 33% for substance use disorders to 75% for panic disorder.Conclusions. Results confirm and extend results from other national studies using the same assessment instruments with regard to prevalence, co-morbidity and sociodemographic correlates, covering a broader range of DSM-IV disorders [i.e. somatoform disorders, all anxiety disorders (except PTSD), mental disorders due to substance or general medical factor, eating disorders]. Intervention rates were higher than in previous studies, yet still low overall.

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7

Tully, Phillip J., and Bernhard T. Baune. "Comorbid anxiety disorders alter the association between cardiovascular diseases and depression: the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 49, no. 5 (October 29, 2013): 683–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-013-0784-x.

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8

Steppuhn, Henriette, Ute Langen, Stephan Mueters, Stefan Dahm, Hildtraud Knopf, Thomas Keil, and Christa Scheidt-Nave. "Asthma management practices in adults – findings from the German Health Update (GEDA) 2010 and the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey (DEGS1) 2008–2011." Journal of Asthma 53, no. 1 (October 29, 2015): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02770903.2015.1059853.

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9

Hommers, L., U. Ellert, C. Scheidt-Nave, and U. Langen. "Factors contributing to conductance and outcome of specific immunotherapy: Data from the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998." European Journal of Public Health 17, no. 3 (January 5, 2007): 278–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckl241.

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10

Du, Yong, Jens Baumert, Rebecca Paprott, Andrea Teti, Christin Heidemann, and Christa Scheidt-Nave. "Factors associated with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in Germany: results from German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults 2008–2011." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 8, no. 1 (October 2020): e001707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001707.

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IntroductionTo identify characteristics of people with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) among adults in Germany.Research design and methodsThe study population comprised participants aged 40–79 years of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults 2008–2011. Glycemic status was categorized as undiagnosed T2D (glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥48 mmol/mol (6.5%), n=135), diagnosed T2D (n=518) and normoglycemia (HbA1c<48 mmol/mol (6.5%), n=4451). Multinomial logistic regression models including glycemic status as the outcome variable and sociodemographic characteristics, living alone, diabetes risk factors and healthcare services utilization as independent variables were used to identify factors associated with undiagnosed T2D compared with normoglycemia and diagnosed T2D. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported as measure of association between the outcome and independent variables.ResultsThe prevalence of undiagnosed T2D was 2.9% (95% CI 2.2% to 3.9%) at an overall prevalence of 12.3% (11.0% to 13.6%) of persons with undiagnosed or diagnosed T2D. In multivariable analyses, factors associated with undiagnosed as well as diagnosed T2D in comparison to normoglycemia were older age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.06, per year, for undiagnosed T2D; OR 1.08, 1.07 to 1.10 for diagnosed T2D), male sex (3.33, 2.18 to 5.07; 1.91, 1.43 to 2.56), obesity (3.47, 2.17 to 5.56; 2.68, 2.04 to 3.52), hypertension (1.66, 1.09 to 2.53; 2.04, 1.42 to 2.95) and parental history of diabetes (2.04, 1.24 to 3.35; 3.16, 2.30 to 4.34). Variables independently associated with undiagnosed T2D but not diagnosed T2D included living alone (2.20; 1.36 to 3.56) and not seeing a doctor within the past year (2.57; 1.34 to 4.93). People with undiagnosed T2D were further younger and more likely to be male sex and reside in the western part of Germany than people with diagnosed T2D.ConclusionApart from major known risk factors of diabetes, characteristics specific to undiagnosed diabetes among adults in Germany will serve to inform the national education and communication strategy on diabetes mellitus in Germany.

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11

Stahl, Anna, Claudia Vohmann, Almut Richter, Helmut Heseker, and Gert BM Mensink. "Changes in food and nutrient intake of 6- to 17-year-old Germans between the 1980s and 2006." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 10 (October 2009): 1912–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009004844.

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AbstractObjectiveTo compare the food consumption and nutrient intakes of German children and adolescents in the 1980s with present dietary habits.DesignTwo cross-sectional representative surveys, the German National Food Consumption Study (Nationale Verzehrsstudie, NVS) from 1985–8 and the nutrition module ‘EsKiMo’ of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) from 2006, were analysed for differences in food and nutrient intakes stratified by age and sex groups.SettingSecondary analyses of data from representative observational studies.SubjectsChildren and adolescents aged 6–17 years living in Germany in the 1980s (n 2265) and in 2006 (n 2506).ResultsFood consumption was characterised by higher amounts of vegetables/pulses, fruits/nuts and beverages and less meat products/sausages, butter, fats/oils, potatoes/potato products and bread/pastries in 2006 than in 1985–8. The overall changes in food intake were reflected in improvements of macronutrient composition, increased water intake and lower energy density of the diet. Intake of most vitamins and minerals increased in relation to energy intake, but the nutrient density of the diet for vitamins B12 and D decreased. The most critical nutrients observed in NVS and EsKiMo were folate, vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin E, Ca and Fe. In addition, dietary fibre intake was relatively low and fatty acid and carbohydrate compositions were not favourable.ConclusionsFurther efforts will be necessary to improve dietary habits among children and adolescents.

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Beitz, Roma, Gert BM Mensink, Yvonne Henschel, Beate Fischer, and Helmut F. Erbersdobler. "Dietary behaviour of German adults differing in levels of sport activity." Public Health Nutrition 7, no. 1 (February 2004): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003509.

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AbstractObjective:To analyse the dietary behaviour of persons engaging in different levels of sport activity.Design:A cross-sectional survey analysis.Setting:A population-based sample of German adults.Subjects:A total of 1756 men and 2254 women participating in the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey and the integrated German Nutrition Survey 1998.Results:Among both genders, the median micronutrient intakes of active persons were more preferable than those of sedentary persons when German current reference values were used as a criterion. The median nutrient densities were also higher in the diet of active persons, especially those of vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, and among women also those of folate and vitamin C. On average, active persons consumed higher amounts of fruit/vegetable juice, drinking water, milk products (including cheese) and fruits. Active men additionally consumed higher amounts of vegetables and vegetable fat. The contribution of dietary supplements to the total nutrient intake was 3%, on average, for active men and women. Compared with sedentary persons, this contribution was significantly higher for vitamins, and among men also for calcium and magnesium.Conclusion:There was no indication of an impaired micronutrient intake of active and moderately active persons compared with sedentary persons.

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13

Kruse, J., N. Schmitz, and W. Thefeld. "On the Association Between Diabetes and Mental Disorders in a Community Sample: Results from the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey." Diabetes Care 26, no. 6 (June 1, 2003): 1841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.6.1841.

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Du, Yong, Christin Heidemann, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, Amanda Buttery, Rebecca Paprott, Hannelore Neuhauser, Thea Riedel, Andrea Icks, and Christa Scheidt-Nave. "Changes in diabetes care indicators: findings from German National Health Interview and Examination Surveys 1997–1999 and 2008–2011." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 3, no. 1 (November 2015): e000135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000135.

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Schipf, S., C. O. Schmidt, D. Alte, A. Werner, C. Scheidt-Nave, U. John, A. Steveling, H. Wallaschofski, and H. Völzke. "Smoking prevalence in Type 2 diabetes: results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) and the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey (GNHIES)." Diabetic Medicine 26, no. 8 (August 2009): 791–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02784.x.

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Paprott, Rebecca, Angelika Schaffrath Rosario, Markus A. Busch, Yong Du, Silke Thiele, Christa Scheidt-Nave, and Christin Heidemann. "Association Between Hemoglobin A1cand All-Cause Mortality: Results of the Mortality Follow-up of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998." Diabetes Care 38, no. 2 (November 20, 2014): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc14-1787.

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Jacobi, Frank, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Christoph Hölting, Sieghard Sommer, Roselind Lieb, Michael Höfler, and Hildegard Pfister. "Estimating the prevalence of mental and somatic disorders in the community: aims and methods of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey." International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 11, no. 1 (February 2002): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mpr.118.

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Mader, Sebastian, Malte Rubach, Wolfram Schaecke, Christine Röger, Ina Feldhoffer, and Eva-Magdalena Thalmeier. "Healthy nutrition in Germany: a survey analysis of social causes, obesity and socioeconomic status." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 12 (April 27, 2020): 2109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019004877.

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AbstractObjective:The obesity pandemic is an increasing burden for society. Information on key drivers of the nutrition cycle of (a) social causation, (b) biological causation and (c) health selection is vital for effective policies targeted at the reduction of obesity prevalence. However, empirical causal knowledge on (a) the social predictors of diet quality, (b) its impact on corpulence and (c) the socioeconomic consequences of obesity is sparse. We overcome the limitations of previous research and acquire comprehensive causal insight into this cycle.Design:Therefore, we analyse two German socio-epidemiological panel surveys exploiting their longitudinal panel structure utilising hybrid panel regression models.Setting:General population of Germany.Participants:German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS, n 17 640; age 0–24 years) and the German National Nutrition Monitoring (NEMONIT, n 2610; age 15–82 years).Results:The results indicate that (a) interestingly only sex, education and age explain healthy diets; (b) increases in a newly developed Optimised Healthy Eating Index (O-HEI-NVSII) and in nuts intake reduce BMI, while growing overall energy intake, lemonade, beer and meat (products) intake drive corpulence; (c) in turn, developing obesity decreases socioeconomic status.Conclusions:These results suggest that policies targeted at the reduction of obesity prevalence may be well advised to focus on boys and men, people with low education, the promotion of a healthy diet and nuts intake, and the limitation of lemonade, beer and meat (products) intake. Therefore, future research may focus on the replication of our findings utilising longer panels and experimental approaches.

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Zeiher, Johannes, Maurice Duch, Lars E. Kroll, Gert B. M. Mensink, Jonas D. Finger, and Thomas Keil. "Domain-specific physical activity patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness among the working population: Findings from the cross-sectional German Health Interview and Examination Survey." BMJ Open 10, no. 4 (April 2020): e034610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034610.

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ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate associations between occupational physical activity patterns (physical work demands linked to job title) and leisure time physical activity (assessed by questionnaire) with cardiorespiratory fitness (assessed by exercise test) among men and women in the German working population.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingTwo-stage cluster-randomised general population sample selected from population registries of 180 nationally distributed sample points. Information was collected from 2008 to 2011.Participants1296 women and 1199 men aged 18–64 from the resident working population.Outcome measureEstimated low maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2max), defined as first and second sex-specific quintile, assessed by a standardised, submaximal cycle ergometer test.ResultsLow estimatedV˙O2maxwas strongly linked to low leisure time physical activity, but not occupational physical activity. The association of domain-specific physical activity patterns with lowV˙O2maxvaried by sex: women doing no leisure time physical activity with high occupational physical activity levels were more likely to have lowV˙O2max(OR 6.54; 95% CI 2.98 to 14.3) compared with women with ≥2 hours of leisure time physical activity and high occupational physical activity. Men with no leisure time physical activity and low occupational physical activity had the highest odds of lowV˙O2max(OR 4.37; 95% CI 2.02 to 9.47).ConclusionThere was a strong association between patterns of leisure time and occupational physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness within the adult working population in Germany. Women doing no leisure time physical activity were likely to have poor cardiorespiratory fitness, especially if they worked in physically demanding jobs. However, further investigation is needed to understand the relationships between activity and fitness in different domains. Current guidelines do not distinguish between activity during work and leisure time, so specifying leisure time recommendations by occupational physical activity level should be considered.

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Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike, Nora Wille, Michael Erhart, Susanne Bettge, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Aribert Rothenberger, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, et al. "Prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents in Germany: results of the BELLA study within the National Health Interview and Examination Survey." European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 17, S1 (December 2008): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-008-1003-2.

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Mack, Simon, Frank Jacobi, Katja Beesdo-Baum, Anja Gerschler, Jens Strehle, Michael Höfler, Markus A. Busch, et al. "Functional Disability and Quality of Life Decrements in Mental Disorders: Results From the Mental Health Module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (Degs1-Mh)." European Psychiatry 30, no. 6 (July 10, 2015): 793–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.06.003.

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AbstractBackgroundThis paper provides nationally representative data on how current and past mental disorders are related to functional disability and health-related quality of life (QoL).MethodsResults are based on a nationally representative sample (DEGS1-MH; n = 4483 aged 18–79). Respondents were examined by clinical interviewers with the DSM-IV Composite International Diagnostic Interview (DIA-X/M-CIDI). Functional disability, i.e. number of disability days in the past 4 weeks, and QoL, i.e. mental (MCS) and physical (PCS) component scale of the SF-36V2, were examined in subjects with 12-month mental disorders (= active cases [AC]) and compared to (a) subjects who never met diagnostic criteria (= unaffected individuals [UAI]), and (b) those with a history of mental disorders but not meeting the diagnostic criteria in the past 12 months (= non-active cases [NAC]; partially or fully remitted).ResultsIn comparison to UAI (mean: 1.9), AC reveals a 2–3 fold disability days/month (5.4, P < .001) and a substantially reduced MCS (UAI: 52.1; AC: 43.3, P < .001). NAC had a similar number of disability days as UAI, but significantly reduced MCS scores (49.9; P < .001). Disability days and QoL decrements were highest in internalizing disorders including somatoform disorders and most pronounced in comorbid cases.ConclusionsBy and large, findings of a previous study were confirmed and extended for this nationally representative German sample. 12-month mental disorders, particularly internalizing, including somatoform disorders, are associated with high levels of disability and increased health-related QoL decrements. Partial or complete remission of the mental disorders is associated with a normalization of the numbers of disability days.

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Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Peter Vollenweider, Gérard Waeber, and Fred Paccaud. "Prevalence of overweight and obesity among migrants in Switzerland: association with country of origin." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 7 (February 22, 2011): 1148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011000103.

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AbstractObjectiveMigrants tend to present higher overweight and obesity levels, but whether this relationship applies to all nationalities has seldom been studied. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity according to nationality in adults.DesignCross-sectional population-based samples.SettingFive-year nationwide interview surveys (Swiss Health Surveys – SHS) from 1992 to 2007 (n 63 766) and a local examination survey (CoLaus Study in Lausanne 2004–2006, n 6743).SubjectsParticipants were separated into Swiss, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish nationals, those from the former Republic of Yugoslavia and from other European and other countries.ResultsCompared with Swiss nationals, German and French nationals presented a lower prevalence of overweight and obesity, whereas nationals from Italy, Spain, Portugal and the former Republic of Yugoslavia presented higher levels. Adjusting the SHS data for age, gender, education, smoking, leisure-time physical activity and survey year, a lower risk for overweight and obesity was found for German (OR = 0·80, 95 % CI 0·70, 0·92) and French (OR = 0·74, 95 % CI 0·61, 0·89) nationals, whereas higher risks were found for participants from Italy (OR = 1·45, 95 % CI 1·33, 1·58), Spain (OR = 1·36, 95 % CI 1·15, 1·61), Portugal (OR = 1·25, 95 % CI 1·06, 1·47) and the former Republic of Yugoslavia (OR = 1·98, 95 % CI 1·69, 2·32). Similar findings were observed in the CoLaus Study for Italian (OR = 1·63, 95 % CI 1·29, 2·06), Spanish (OR = 1·54, 95 % CI 1·17, 2·04) and Portuguese (OR = 1·49, 95 % CI 1·16, 1·91) participants and for those from the former Republic of Yugoslavia (OR = 5·34, 95 % CI 3·00, 9·50).ConclusionsOverweight and obesity are unevenly distributed among migrants in Switzerland. Migrants from Southern Europe and from the former Republic of Yugoslavia present higher prevalence rates. This suggests that preventive messages should be tailored to these specific populations.

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Du, Yong, Ingrid-Katharina Wolf, Markus A. Busch, and Hildtraud Knopf. "Associations between the use of specific psychotropic drugs and all-cause mortality among older adults in Germany: Results of the mortality follow-up of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998." PLOS ONE 14, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): e0210695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210695.

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Baumeister, Harald, and Martin Härter. "Somatoform disorders in patients with musculoskeletal and cardiovascular diseases in comparison to the general population." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 15, no. 4 (August 2003): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-5215.2003.00035.x.

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Objective:The present epidemiological study investigates sex- and age-adjusted 4-week, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence rates of somatoform disorders in in-patients with musculoskeletal and cardiovascular diseases in comparison with prevalence rates of these disorders in the general population in Germany.Methods:Prevalence rates were calculated from two samples, one from rehabilitation in-patients with musculoskeletal (n = 187) or cardiovascular (n = 116) diseases, and one from a large sample of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey – Mental Health Supplement (GHS-MHS; n = 3889). The prevalence rates were based on the M-CIDI, an interview for the assessment of mental disorders.Results:The adjusted prevalence rates of any mental disorder in both clinical samples are higher compared with rates of the general population (e.g. lifetime musculoskeletal, 59.3%; cardiovascular, 56.2%; general population, 47.9%). Prevalence rates of patients with cardiovascular (e.g. 12.2%) and musculoskeletal (21.5%) diseases do not indicate an increased prevalence of somatoform disorders compared with the general population (18.2%).Conclusions:The results confirm that patients with chronic somatic diseases have increased prevalence rates of mental disorders. However, these increased prevalence rates go primarily back to affective and anxiety disorders and not to somatoform disorders. The diagnostic criteria for somatoform disorders and the question algorithm of the M-CIDI are probably responsible for potential underestimation of somatoform disorders in patients with chronic somatic diseases.

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Steppuhn, Henriette, Detlef Laußmann, Jens Baumert, Lars Kroll, Thomas Lampert, Dietrich Plaß, Christa Scheidt-Nave, and Christin Heidemann. "Individual and area-level determinants associated with C-reactive protein as a marker of cardiometabolic risk among adults: Results from the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 2008-2011." PLOS ONE 14, no. 2 (February 8, 2019): e0211774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211774.

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Baumeister, Sebastian E., Jonas D. Finger, Sven Gläser, Marcus Dörr, Marcello RP Markus, Ralf Ewert, Stephan B. Felix, et al. "Alcohol consumption and cardiorespiratory fitness in five population-based studies." European Journal of Preventive Cardiology 25, no. 2 (October 23, 2017): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487317738594.

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Background Poor cardiorespiratory fitness is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity. Alcohol consumption contributes substantially to the burden of disease, but its association with cardiorespiratory fitness is not well described. We examined associations between average alcohol consumption, heavy episodic drinking and cardiorespiratory fitness. Design The design of this study was as a cross-sectional population-based random sample. Methods We analysed data from five independent population-based studies (Study of Health in Pomerania (2008–2012); German Health Interview and Examination Survey (2008–2011); US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2000; NHANES 2001–2002; NHANES 2003–2004) including 7358 men and women aged 20–85 years, free of lung disease or asthma. Cardiorespiratory fitness, quantified by peak oxygen uptake, was assessed using exercise testing. Information regarding average alcohol consumption (ethanol in grams per day (g/d)) and heavy episodic drinking (5+ or 6+ drinks/occasion) was obtained from self-reports. Fractional polynomial regression models were used to determine the best-fitting dose-response relationship. Results Average alcohol consumption displayed an inverted U-type relation with peak oxygen uptake ( p-value<0.0001), after adjustment for age, sex, education, smoking and physical activity. Compared to individuals consuming 10 g/d (moderate consumption), current abstainers and individuals consuming 50 and 60 g/d had significantly lower peak oxygen uptake values (ml/kg/min) (β coefficients = −1.90, β = −0.06, β = −0.31, respectively). Heavy episodic drinking was not associated with peak oxygen uptake. Conclusions Across multiple adult population-based samples, moderate drinkers displayed better fitness than current abstainers and individuals with higher average alcohol consumption.

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Becker, Andreas, Biyao Wang, Barbara Kunze, Christiane Otto, Robert Schlack, Heike Hölling, Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer, et al. "Normative Data of the Self-Report Version of the German Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in an Epidemiological Setting." Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 46, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000589.

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Abstract. Objective: This study served to establish German norms for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire self-report (SDQ-S) by using data from a representative epidemiological sample from the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS study). Although the German version of the SDQ has been widely used and normative data for the parent version (SDQ-P) exist, no German norms for the self-report version have been reported, so that practitioners had to rely on the available British norms. In addition, we investigated whether sex- and age-specific norms are necessary. Methods: At the baseline of the KiGGS study, SDQ-S ratings were collected from n = 6,726 children and adolescents between 11 and 17 years (n = 3,440 boys und n = 3,286 girls). We assessed the internal consistency and age/sex effects of the SDQ-S. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the factor structure of the SDQ-S. Banding scores were developed to differentiate children and adolescents with levels of difficulties and categorized them as “normal,” “borderline,” and “abnormal.” General as well as age- and sex-specific bandings were created for both total score and subscales of SDQ-S. In addition, the German norms of the SDQ-S were compared with those of the UK, Norway, and Thailand. Results: The five-factor solution of the SDQ-S (including Emotional symptoms, Conduct problems, Hyperactivity/Inattention, Peer problems, and Prosocial behavior) provided a satisfactory fit to the data. Moderate internal consistencies (Cronbach’s α) were observed for the scales Emotional symptoms, Hyperactivity/Inattention, and Total difficulties score, whereas insufficient internal consistency was found for the scales Peer problems and Conduct problems. However, using McDonald’s ω as a more appropriate measure of homogeneity, internal consistencies were found to be satisfactory for all subscales and for Total difficulties. Normative banding scores were established conservatively to avoid producing too many false positives in the category “abnormal.” In line with previous research, girls showed more emotional problems but fewer Peer problems than boys. German normative bandings of SDQ-S were similar to the original British bandings and those of other countries. Conclusions: This study of the German SDQ-S in a large representative epidemiological sample presents evidence of partly moderate to good psychometric properties. It also supports the usefulness of SDQ-S as an effective and efficient instrument for child and adolescent mental health problems in Germany. German normative banding scores of SDQ-S established in this study were comparable with the original British norms as well as with those of other countries, so that SDQ-S can be recommended as a psychopathological broadband-screening tool.

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Burchartz, Alexander, Kristin Manz, Bastian Anedda, Claudia Niessner, Doris Oriwol, Steffen CE Schmidt, and Alexander Woll. "Measurement of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior by Accelerometry Among a Nationwide Sample from the KiGGS and MoMo Study: Study Protocol." JMIR Research Protocols 9, no. 7 (July 14, 2020): e14370. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14370.

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Background Currently, no nationwide objective physical activity data exists for children and adolescents living in Germany. The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) and the Motorik-Modul study (MoMo) is a national cohort study that has incorporated accelerometers in its most recent data collection wave (wave 2, since 2014). This wave 2 marks the first nationwide collection of objective data on the physical activity of children and adolescents living in Germany. Objective The purpose of this protocol is to describe the methods used in the KiGGS and MoMo study to capture the intensity, frequency, and duration of physical activity with accelerometers. Methods Participants (N=11,003, aged 6 to 31 years) were instructed to wear an ActiGraph GT3X+ or wGT3X-BT accelerometer laterally on the right hip. Accelerometers were worn on consecutive days during waking hours, including at least 4 valid weekdays and 1 weekend day (wear time >8 hours) in the evaluation. A nonwear time protocol was also implemented. Results Data collection was completed by October 2017. Data harmonization took place in 2018. The first accelerometer results from this wave were published in 2019, and detailed analyses are ready to be submitted in 2020. Conclusions This study protocol provides an overview of technical details and basic choices when using accelerometers in large-scale epidemiological studies. At the same time, the restrictions imposed by the specified filters and the evaluation routines must be taken into account. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/14370

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Mühlenbruch, Kristin, Rebecca Paprott, Hans-Georg Joost, Heiner Boeing, Christin Heidemann, and Matthias B. Schulze. "Derivation and external validation of a clinical version of the German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRS) including measures of HbA1c." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 6, no. 1 (July 2018): e000524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000524.

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ObjectiveThe German Diabetes Risk Score (GDRS) is a diabetes prediction model which only includes non-invasively measured risk factors. The aim of this study was to extend the original GDRS by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and validate this clinical GDRS in the nationwide German National Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998 (GNHIES98) cohort.Research design and methodsExtension of the GDRS was based on the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam study with baseline assessment conducted between 1994 and 1998 (N=27 548, main age range 35–65 years). Cox regression was applied with the original GDRS and HbA1c as independent variables. The extended model was evaluated by discrimination (C-index (95% CI)), calibration (calibration plots and expected to observed (E:O) ratios (95% CI)), and reclassification (net reclassification improvement, NRI (95% CI)). For validation, data from the GNHIES98 cohort with baseline assessment conducted between 1997 and 1999 were used (N=3717, age range 18–79 years). Missing data were handled with multiple imputation.ResultsAfter 5 years of follow-up 593 incident cases of type 2 diabetes occurred in EPIC-Potsdam and 86 in the GNHIES98 cohort. In EPIC-Potsdam, the C-index for the clinical GDRS was 0.87 (0.81 to 0.92) and the overall NRI was 0.26 (0.21 to 0.30), with a stronger improvement among cases compared with non-cases (NRIcases: 0.24 (0.19 to 0.28); NRInon-cases: 0.02 (0.01 to 0.02)). Almost perfect calibration was observed with a slight tendency toward overestimation, which was also reflected by an E:O ratio of 1.07 (0.99 to 1.16). In the GNHIES98 cohort, discrimination was excellent with a C-index of 0.91 (0.88 to 0.94). After recalibration, the calibration plot showed underestimation of diabetes risk in the highest risk group, while the E:O ratio indicated overall perfect calibration (1.02 (0.83 to 1.26)).ConclusionsThe clinical GDRS provides the opportunity to apply the original GDRS as a first step in risk assessment, which can then be extended in clinical practice with HbA1c whenever it was measured.

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Finger, Jonas D., Markus A. Busch, Christin Heidemann, Cornelia Lange, Gert B. M. Mensink, and Anja Schienkiewitz. "Time trends in healthy lifestyle among adults in Germany: Results from three national health interview and examination surveys between 1990 and 2011." PLOS ONE 14, no. 9 (September 9, 2019): e0222218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222218.

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Stang, A. "Visual disturbances in a population-based survey of 6962 subjects: The German National Health Examination Survey 1998." European Journal of Public Health 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/13.3.202.

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Coups, Elliot J., Baichen Xu, Carolyn J. Heckman, Sharon L. Manne, and Jerod L. Stapleton. "Physician skin cancer screening among U.S. military veterans: Results from the National Health Interview Survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): e0251785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251785.

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Introduction Although military veterans are at increased risk for skin cancer, little is known about the extent to which they have been screened for skin cancer. The study objective was to examine the prevalence and correlates of physician skin cancer screening among U.S. military veterans. Methods Data were drawn from the National Health Interview Survey. The study sample consisted of 2,826 individuals who reported being military veterans. Receipt of a physician skin examination was measured using a single question that asked participants whether they had ever had all of their skin from head to toe checked for cancer by a dermatologist or some other kind of doctor. Results Less than a third (30.88%) of participants reported ever having a physician skin examination. Factors positively associated with receipt of a physician skin examination in a multivariable logistic regression analysis included: older age, greater educational level, non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, having TRICARE (military) health insurance, greater skin sensitivity to the sun, and engagement in more sun protection behaviors. Conclusions The majority of military veterans have never been screened for skin cancer by a physician. Screening rates were higher among individuals with one or more skin cancer risk factors. Future research is warranted to test targeted skin cancer screening interventions for this at risk and understudied population.

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Nunes, Baltazar, Marta Barreto, Ana P. Gil, Irina Kislaya, Sónia Namorado, Liliana Antunes, Vânia Gaio, et al. "The first Portuguese National Health Examination Survey (2015): design, planning and implementation." Journal of Public Health 41, no. 3 (September 2019): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy150.

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Abstract Background In Health Examination Surveys interview information is complemented with objective information, providing more accurate indicators than self-reported data. We report the study design, planning and implementation of the first Portuguese Health Examination Survey (INSEF). Methods INSEF was a cross-sectional population-based study representative at regional and national level. Individuals aged between 25 and 74 years old, residing in Portugal were selected from the national health users’ registry through multi-stage stratified probabilistic sampling. Sample size was set at 4200 individuals. Data was collected in primary care units and included blood pressure, height, weight, hip and waist measurements, blood collection for lipid profile, HbA1c and blood count and a general health questionnaire. European HES procedures were followed. Results A total of 4911 individuals agreed to participate (43.9% participation rate). Participation rate varied by region, sex and age group, being lower in Lisbon and Tagus Valley (32.8%), for men (41.8%) and for those aged 25–34 years old (36%). Conclusions INSEF has set up an experienced national and regional structure for HES implementation. Nationally representative quality epidemiological data is now available for public health monitoring, planning and research.

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Kamtsiuris, P. "Effect of Incentives in Surveys: the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)." Epidemiology 17, Suppl (November 2006): S526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200611001-01416.

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Amrock, Stephen M., and Ahou Meydani. "Trends and Disparities in Total-Body Skin Examination: Evaluating the National Health Interview Survey, 2000-2010." JAMA Dermatology 149, no. 3 (March 1, 2013): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.1549.

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Lakhani, Naheed A., Kate M. Shaw, Trevor Thompson, Amy L. Yaroch, Karen Glanz, Anne M. Hartman, and Mona Saraiya. "Prevalence and predictors of total-body skin examination among US adults: 2005 National Health Interview Survey." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 65, no. 3 (September 2011): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2011.02.028.

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Chang, S. H., M. Y. Leung, Stoll C.R.T., L. M. Pollack, and G. A. Colditz. "Lifetime Health And Economic Consequences Of Obesity-Related Diseases: Using Data From The National Health Interview Survey, The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey, And The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey." Value in Health 17, no. 3 (May 2014): A157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2014.03.917.

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Du, Yong, and Hildtraud Knopf. "Paediatric homoeopathy in Germany: results of the German health interview and examination survey for children and adolescents (KiGGS)." Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 18, no. 5 (May 2009): 370–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.1720.

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Chung, A., A. Seixas, J. Bademosi-Kalinowski, N. Williams, R. Robbins, O. Ogedegbe, and G. Jean-Louis. "0730 Association Between Fruit Drink Intake and Healthy Sleep: An Examination of National Health Interview Survey data." Sleep 41, suppl_1 (April 2018): A271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy061.729.

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Jacobi, Frank, Simon Mack, Anja Gerschler, Lucie Scholl, Michael Höfler, Jens Siegert, Ariane Bürkner, et al. "The design and methods of the mental health module in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1-MH)." International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 22, no. 2 (June 2013): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1387.

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Kurth, B�rbel-Maria, and Ute Ellert. "The SF-36 questionnaire and its usefulness in population studies: Results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998." Sozial- und Pr�ventivmedizin SPM 47, no. 4 (July 2002): 266–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01326408.

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Kurth, Bärbel-Maria, and Ute Ellert. "The SF-36 questionnaire and its usefulness in population studies: results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey 1998." Sozial- und Pr�ventivmedizin/Social and Preventive Medicine 47, no. 4 (September 1, 2002): 266–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-002-8217-8.

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43

Schmidt-Kraepelin, C., J. Zielasek, M. Jänner, H. U. Wittchen, F. Jacobi, M. Höfler, J. Siegert, et al. "Psychotic-like Experiences: Preliminary Results From the Mental Health Module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1-MH)." European Psychiatry 30 (March 2015): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30639-8.

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Finne, Emily, Jens Bucksch, Thomas Lampert, and Petra Kolip. "Age, puberty, body dissatisfaction, and physical activity decline in adolescents. Results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (KiGGS)." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 8, no. 1 (2011): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-119.

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Coughlin, Steven S., Susan A. Sabatino, and Kate M. Shaw. "What Factors are Associated with Where Women Undergo Clinical Breast Examination? Results from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey." Open Clinical Cancer Journal 2, no. 1 (July 24, 2008): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874189400802010032.

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46

Poethko-Müller, Christina, and Susanne Krug. "Social and health related risk factors for low cardio respiratory fitness in German adolescents: results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)." Journal of Public Health 22, no. 2 (January 8, 2014): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10389-013-0607-2.

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47

Ravens-Sieberer, Ulrike, and Bärbel-Maria Kurth. "The mental health module (BELLA study) within the German Health Interview and Examination Survey of Children and Adolescents (KiGGS): study design and methods." European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 17, S1 (December 2008): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-008-1002-3.

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48

Skogberg, Natalia, Päivikki Koponen, Paula Tiittala, Katri-Leena Mustonen, Eero Lilja, Olli Snellman, and Anu Castaneda. "Asylum seekers health and wellbeing (TERTTU) survey: study protocol for a prospective total population health examination survey on the health and service needs of newly arrived asylum seekers in Finland." BMJ Open 9, no. 4 (April 2019): e027917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027917.

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IntroductionHealth, well-being and health service needs of asylum seekers have emerged as urgent topics following the arrival of 2.5 million asylum seekers to the European Union (EU) between 2015 and 2016. However, representative information on the health, well-being and service needs of asylum seekers is scarce. The Asylum Seekers Health and Wellbeing (TERTTU) Survey aims to: (1) gather population-based representative information; (2) identify key indicators for systematic monitoring; (3) produce the evidence base for development of systematic screening of asylum seekers’ health, well-being and health service needs.Methods and analysisTERTTU Survey is a population-based prospective study with a total population sample of newly arrived asylum seekers to Finland, including adults and children. Baseline data collection is carried out in reception centres in 2018 and consists of a face-to-face interview, self-administered questionnaire and a health examination following a standardised protocol. Altogether 1000 asylum seekers will be included into the study. Baseline data will be followed up with national electronic health record data encompassing the entire asylum process and later with national register data among persons who receive residency permits.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted by the Coordinating Ethics Committee of the Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital District. Participation is voluntary and based on written informed consent. Results will be widely disseminated on a national and international level to inform health and welfare policy as well as development of services for asylum seekers. Results of the study will constitute the evidence base for development and implementation of the initial health assessment for asylum seekers on a national level.

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Schmitz, Roma, Ute Ellert, Margrit Kalcklösch, Stefan Dahm, and Michael Thamm. "Patterns of Sensitization to Inhalant and Food Allergens - Findings from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents." International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 162, no. 3 (2013): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000353344.

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Weikert, B., A. K. Buttery, C. Heidemann, N. Rieckmann, R. Paprott, U. E. Maske, C. Scheidt-Nave, and M. A. Busch. "Glycaemic status and depressive symptoms among adults in Germany: results from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1)." Diabetic Medicine 35, no. 11 (June 28, 2018): 1552–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dme.13707.

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