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Journal articles on the topic 'German occupation policy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Hartenian, Larry. "The Role of Media in Democratizing Germany: United States Occupation Policy 1945–1949." Central European History 20, no. 2 (1987): 145–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900012589.

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The Allied defeat of the German Wehrmacht in May 1945 brought the military struggle against fascism in Europe to an end. Yet with the occupation of Germany the struggle against fascism was to continue on other fronts. Germany was to be “demilitarized,” the economy “decartelized,” and the society “denazified. ” Ultimately Germany was to be “democratized.” The newly established media were to play a major role in the transformation of German attitudes, in this attempt to “reeducate” the Germans.

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Zharonkina, Elena A., and Vasily S. Krovyakov. "Youth Organizations in the Soviet Occupation Zone in Germany, 1945–1949." SibScript 27, no. 3 (2025): 477–88. https://doi.org/10.21603/sibscript-2025-27-3-477-488.

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The Allied occupation of Germany after World War II remains a popular research topic. In the democratization of German society, the crucial role belonged to youth policy. The article describes youth organizations organized by the Soviet military administration in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany. The authors applied systemic, historical, analytical, and comparative methods to archival documents in order to identify the strategies that the Soviet military administration used to build a system of youth organizations in post-war Germany. Youth work was a challenge for the occupation authorit

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Sokolov, Artem. "Security of Germany and the US Military Presence: A “Comfortable” Occupation or an Allied Solidarity?" Journal of International Analytics, no. 1-2 (March 28, 2019): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2019-0-1-2-41-51.

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The article is devoted to the influence of the American military presence in Germany on the foreign policy strategy of the German leadership in the matter of ensuring the security of Germany. The location of the US Army in a number of German lands has remained a significant factor in German foreign policy since the founding of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949. After the reunification of Germany in 1990, the German government expanded its foreign policy activity based on the system of Western alliances and a multilateral approach. The crisis in the Western community, exacerbated by the a

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Petelin, Boris V. "DENAZIFICATION OF THE IDEOLOGY OF NATIONAL SOCIALISM IN OCCUPIED GERMANY 1945–1949." Vestnik of Kostroma State University 30, no. 3 (2024): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2024-30-3-196-204.

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The policy of denazification pursued by the victors in occupied Germany, which is discussed in the article, is reflected in published sources, research, and memoirs. However, most of them concern practical measures aimed at eliminating the Nazi regime, primarily the identification and punishment of war criminals. It was much more difficult with the ideology of Nazism, which had penetrated deeply into German society. The problem was also the initial lack of understanding of its content and role in the formation of a totalitarian regime. The war had showed what a real threat to humanity the idea

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Belukhin, Nikita. "The Taste of War: the Danish Collaborationism under the German Occupation in 1940—1945." ISTORIYA 12, no. 7 (105) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016460-5.

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The article deals with the phenomenon of the Danish economic collaboration during the German occupation of Denmark in 1940—1945. The occupation of Denmark is a unique case among other occupied European countries such as France, Belgium and the Netherlands during the Second World War where Germany openly pursued the policy of economic exploitation and introduced strict rationing practices. The peculiar “soft” conduct of the Danish occupation is mainly attributed to the special role Denmark’s agricultural exports played in the German war economy. Under the occupation the efficient system of prod

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SMIRNOVA, YULIA, and ALEXEY STARODUBTSEV. "OCCUPANTS OR ALLIES: THE VIEWS OF MODERN UKRAINIAN HISTORIANS ON THE INTERVENTION OF THE CENTRAL POWERS IN UKRAINE IN 1918." History and Modern Perspectives 4, no. 4 (2022): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2658-4654-2022-4-4-97-102.

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The author of the article examines views of modern Ukrainian historians on the problem of deployment of Austro-German forces on the territory of Ukraine in 1918. The paper shows a comparative analysis of the points of view of Ukrainian researchers on this problem, reveals the discussion in Ukrainian historiography regarding the use of the term «occupation» in the context of the policy of the Central Power Conclusions: the use of the term «occupation» is generally recognized among Ukrainian historians. Researchers consciously and argumentatively call the actions of the Austro-German troops occu

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ТАТАРОВ, А. А. "NAZI MILITARY ADMINISTRATION ON THE OCCUPIED NORTH CAUCASUS DURING 1942-1943: PLANS AND PRACTICES." Известия СОИГСИ, no. 42(81) (December 9, 2021): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2021.81.42.003.

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The article presents the conceptual and practical dimensions of the Nazi military administration in the North Caucasus in 1942-1943. The issue’s relevance draws on the academic assumption on the “special” German policy in the annexed North Caucasus. The analysis of documentary material enabled reconstruction of some aspects of the German occupation policy before and during the battle for the Caucasus. Germany’s plans contained explicit contradictions. The clear goal to seize the Caucasus’s resources and geopolitical benefits coexisted with the idea of applying a brand new type of occupation st

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Nissen, Mogens Rostgaard. "Alex Walter – “… den tyske embedsmand, der overhovedet har gjort Danmark de største tjenester under krigen”." Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 54 (March 3, 2015): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v54i0.118896.

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Mogens Rostgård Nissen: Alex Walter, — “… the German official who rendered the largest services of all to Denmark during the war.” Alex Walter was head of the German government committee, which during the occupation of Denmark negotiated trade agreements with the corresponding Danish government committee. That is why he had great influence on the economic side of occupation policy, which the German occupying power carried out in Denmark during the war. Walter had a broad knowledge of Danish economy and Danish conditions in general, because since 1932 he had negotiated trade agreements wi

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Barinov, Igor. "The Failed Alliance: The Baltic Germans and the Belorusian Nationalists, 1914-1941." Slavic Almanac, no. 1-2 (2019): 85–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2019.1-2.1.06.

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Since the beginning of the occupation of the Russian territory during the First World War, the “discovering” of the Belarusians became a current task of the German authorities. The Baltic Germans, who traditionally considered themselves as elite for the local non-Russian and non-Polish communities, offered their assistance to the occupation forces. As experts, they strove to provide some kind of mediation to ensure the positive encounter of German authorities in the interaction with local communities. Nonetheless, this activity initially sought to preserve the higher status of Baltic Germans r

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Datsishina, Marina V. "Place Renaming and German Policy-Making in Temporarily Occupied Soviet Territories." Вопросы Ономастики 17, no. 1 (2020): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.1.006.

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The article discusses the transfer of territory-remapping strategies by Nazi Germany from Europe to the occupied territories of the USSR, with a particular focus on place renaming. Measures concerning toponymy and onomastics were generally well-rooted in the policy of the Third Reich. In the year of 1942, as the German occupation zone in the Soviet Union reached its peak for the whole period of the war, specific guidelines for renaming were issued to secure the acclaimed territories. On the functional side, the guidelines were to eliminate confusion in the correspondence between administrative

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Cordell, Karl, and Stefan Wolff. "Ethnic Germans in Poland and the Czech Republic: A Comparative Evaluation*." Nationalities Papers 33, no. 2 (2005): 255–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990500088610.

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This paper seeks to analyze the nature of the German minorities in the Czech Republic and Poland. In order to achieve this goal, the relationship between Czechoslovakia/the Czech Republic and Poland with the Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Federal Republic of Germany/FRG) forms an essential intellectual backdrop to our main theme. Reference to the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (German Democratic Republic/GDR) will be made as and where appropriate. As we shall see, tensions simmered between the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (Socialist Unity Party of Germany/SED) and the Polska Zjedno

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Wichert, Wojciech. "„Exerzierplatz des Nationalsozialismus“ — der Reichsgau Wartheland in den Jahren 1939–1945." Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 40, no. 2 (2018): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.40.2.4.

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The aim of the article is the analysis of German policy in Reichsgau Wartheland, an area of western Poland annexed to Germany in the years 1939–1945. In scientific literature German rule in Warthegau with its capital in Poznań is often defined as ,,experimental training area of National Socialism”, where the regime could test its genocidal and racial practices, which were an emanation of the German occupation of Poland. The Nazi authorities wanted to accomplish its ideological goals in Wartheland in a variety of cruel ways, including the ethnic cleansing, annihilation of Polish intelligentsia,

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Mosora, Volodymyr. "The Issue of Labour in Germany in the Galicia District Press: Content Analysis." Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 42, no. 2 (2024): 197–222. https://doi.org/10.14746/sho.2024.42.2.009.

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The article presents the content analysis of publications on the labour in Germany that were published on the territory of the Halychyna (Galicia) region during the German occupation of 1941–1944. All the articles, namely 104 of them published in 14 periodicals (Volia Pokuttia, Ukrainske Slovo, Vilne Slovo, Holos Pidkarpattia, Drohobytske Slovo, Zborivski Visti, Zolochivske Slovo, Lvivski Visti, Ridna Zemlia, Sokalske Slovo, Stanislavivske Slovo, Krakivski Visti, Ternopilskyi Holos and Chortkivska Dumka), were divided into several groups: "Type of publication", "Time" and "Placement". Each gro

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Molnar, Christopher A. "Imagining Yugoslavs: Migration and the Cold War in Postwar West Germany." Central European History 47, no. 1 (2014): 138–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000893891400065x.

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In recent years historians have argued that after the collapse of the Nazi regime in May 1945, the concept of race became a taboo topic in postwar Germany but that Germans nonetheless continued to perceive resident foreign populations in racialized terms. Important studies of Jewish displaced persons, the black children of American occupation soldiers and German women, and Turkish guest workers have highlighted continuities and transformations in German racial thought from the Nazi era into the postwar world, particularly in West Germany. In a programmatic essay, Rita Chin and Heide Fehrenbach

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Madsen, Grant. "Becoming a State-in-the-World: Lessons Learned from the American Occupation of Germany." Studies in American Political Development 26, no. 2 (2012): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x12000119.

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For students of American Political Development, the emergence of globalization and Americanization as themes of inquiry has spurred a growing interest in explaining America's rise as “a legal-economic and geopolitical hegemon.” An important episode in this rise came during the American occupation of Germany after World War II. In postwar Germany, America's military government realized that the American public remained unwilling to support (over the long term) the global projection of what Michael Mann has called “despotic power.” To achieve its fundamental goal of reorienting Germany toward a

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Burds, Jeffrey. "“Turncoats, Traitors, and Provocateurs”: Communist Collaborators, the German Occupation, and Stalin’s NKVD, 1941–1943." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 32, no. 3 (2017): 606–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325417742486.

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Historians have long assumed that Germany closely followed a take-no-prisoners policy in dealing with captured communists in the East. That was the direct conclusion to be drawn from Hitler’s notorious Commissar Order issued on the eve of the Barbarossa invasion, which prescribed summary execution of all communists and communist officials. Data published in the Soviet Union largely confirmed this impression, reflecting a dramatic reduction in Communist Party members during the first six months of the war in the East. New data suggest, however, that far from annihilating communist cadres as par

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MESSENGER, DAVID A. "Beyond War Crimes: Denazification, ‘Obnoxious’ Germans and US Policy in Franco's Spain after the Second World War." Contemporary European History 20, no. 4 (2011): 455–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777311000488.

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AbstractThis work links the western Allies’ policy of denazification in occupied Germany to efforts to repatriate German intelligence agents and Nazi Party officials – so-called ‘obnoxious’ Germans – from the neutral states of Europe after the Second World War. Once on German soil, these individuals would be subject to internment and investigation as outlined in occupation policy. Using the situation in Franco's Spain as a case study, the article argues that new ideas of neutrality following the war and a strong commitment to the concept of denazification led to the creation of the repatriatio

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Aftanas, Andrii. "Economic Policy of the German Occupational Authority in the Kolomyia Region (According to the “Vollia Pokuttya” Newspaper 1941 – 1944)." Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no. 30 (November 1, 2021): 325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2021.30.325.

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This article examines the main aspects of the economic policy of the German administration within the Kolomyia region during 1941-1944. On the bases of „Vollia Pokuttya“ news, the directions of Germany economic governance in the agrarian and trade commercial sector were singled out. The economic policy pursued by the German occupation authorities in the Kolomyia region vividly reflected the general trend of expansionist use of industrial and human potential in the district of Galicia. This led to acts of disobedience and sabotage of grain supplies by the peasants and a harsh reaction from the

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Zinkevich, Andrej. "LANGUAGE POLICY IN THE REYKMISSARIAT OF UKRAINE." Studia Linguistica, no. 15 (2019): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2019.15.66-83.

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The article deals with some issues of language policy in the Reichskommissariat of Ukraine (1941-1944) in the context of competition between different concepts of the Third Reich leadership in relation to the occupied eastern territories. In this regard, along with the problem of attitude of the new authorities to the Ukrainian language, the issue of introduction of Latin script in Ukraine and teaching German to the local population is raised. The language policy implemented in the Reichskommissariat for the first time is the result of an internal struggle between the main forces of the occupa

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ROOS, JULIA. "Racist Hysteria to Pragmatic Rapprochement? The German Debate about Rhenish ‘Occupation Children’, 1920–30." Contemporary European History 22, no. 2 (2013): 155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777313000039.

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AbstractThis essay revisits 1920s German debates over the illegitimate children of the Rhineland occupation to examine hitherto neglected fluctuations in the relationship between nationalism and racism in Weimar Germany. During the early 1920s, nationalist anxieties focused on the alleged racial ‘threats’ emanating from the mixed-race children of colonial French soldiers. After 1927, plans for the forced sterilisation and deportation of the mixed-race children were dropped; simultaneously, officials began to support German mothers’ paternity suits against French soldiers. This hitherto neglect

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Braslauskas, Justinas. "Nazi policy towards the Lithuanian lndustry and its results." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 11 (June 28, 2003): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2003.37188.

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The industrial organization during the period of Nazi occupation was influenced mainly by an external factor, Germany, and not by an internal development of the economy. Germany was an aggressor state whose objective was to gradually integrate the local economy into its own structure. Only those industrial enterprises which could find local raw materials and could offer products important for the occupants managed to continue their business operations during the years of German occupation. Other industrial enterprises were closed by the occupant authorities. Many private companies were closed

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Cunningham, Andrew J. "‘To the uttermost ends of the earth’? The War Crimes Act and international law." Legal Studies 11, no. 3 (1991): 281–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1991.tb00044.x.

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‘The National Socialist rulers of Germany invented new ways of controlling the policy and action of other countries without subjecting them to a formal military occupation, and some day it may be necessary for our courts to consider whether conduct equivalent to the German practice of establishing complete and effective domination over professedly neutral countries by insinuating agents and specialist troops into key positions, while permitting their governments nominally to continue to exercise their functions, as a prelude to plunging them into war, amounts to enemy occupation or not’

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Pushkarenko, Elena A. "ANTI-PARTISAN PROPAGANDA OF THE GERMAN AUTHORITIES IN THE OCCUPIED SOVIET BELARUS TERRITORY." Ural Historical Journal 76, no. 3 (2022): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2022-3(76)-179-188.

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The article examines the ideological aspects of the German struggle against partisans in the occupied territory of Soviet Belarus. The author, on the basis of previously unpublished documents of the National Archives of the Republic of Belarus (propaganda publications of the occupation authorities, orders and circulars of the heads of the German General Commissariat, reports of partisans) and a number of historical studies, analyzes the content of German propaganda materials, identifies its main thematic areas, determines the effectiveness of anti-partisan propaganda. The heads of the General

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Krasnozhenova, Elena. "Economic and economic features of the Nazi occupation policy: 1941— 1944. (based on materials from the North-West of Russia)." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 11-1 (2020): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202011statyi17.

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The article shows the content of the Nazi occupation policy in the North-West of Russia during the Great Patriotic war. Features of the German command’s agricultural and tax policy in the occupied territory of the region are presented. To supply Nazi Germany and its armies, the economic resources of the occupied territories were used by exporting raw materials, food, equipment, and other material values. The local population was involved in mandatory work at enterprises, or sent to Germany. The occupation policy led to a significant deterioration of living conditions in the North-West of the R

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Batikha, Joseph. "“Hagekorset over radioen”:." Arbejderhistorie, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 36–67. https://doi.org/10.7146/ah.vi1.155917.

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this media history article seeks to investigate the events that transpired with the danish state radio during 1940-1945, the years of German occupation. after 9 april 1940, the radio was no longer only in the hands of Danish radio oﬃcials as it was constrained to comply with the Danish government's policy of cooperation with the Germans. The article examines how the state radio actively contributed to the creation of post-war supporting narratives about itself. in several works, anniversary publications, and chronicles after 1945, the radio described its own role during the occupation. These p

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Braslauskas, Justinas. "Supplies for the Population and Daily Life in the Nazi Occupied Lithuania." Genocidas ir rezistencija 2, no. 40 (2024): 28–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.61903/gr.2016.202.

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The aim of the article is to analyse the supplies for the population of Lithuania and aspects of everyday life in the years of the Nazi occupation. The objective is to discuss: 1) the characteristics of supplies for the population during the war years; 2) the system of supplies for the population; 3) the pricing policy applied by the Nazi occupation authorities; 4) operation of the black market during occupation years and measures by the occupation authorities against it; 5) social conditions of the urban population (manual and non-manual workers and craftsmen); and 6) the establishment of the

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Ubushaev, Vladimir B., Elena E. Krasnozhenova, Sergey V. Vinogradov та Yuliya G. Eschenko. "Преступления нацизма на территории Калмыцкой АССР в годы Великой Отечественной войны (август 1942 – начало января 1943 г.)". Oriental Studies 14, № 6 (2021): 1165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-58-6-1165-1175.

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Introduction. In Russian historiography, there are works devoted to the Nazi occupation policy on the USSR occupied territories, with historians focusing on the study of the occupation regime policies, the problems of military everyday life, and the partisan movement. The article aims to study pertinent archival documents to reveal the character of the Nazi occupation regime on the territory of the Kalmyk ASSR. Materials and methods. The source base of the research comprised the archival materials of the Extraordinary State Commission for Ascertaining and Investigating Crimes Perpetrated by th

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Nefedov, Vyacheslav. "The influence of Soviet Union on the post-war culture development of Eastern Germany (1945–1949)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 178 (2019): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-178-175-181.

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The study of cultural problems in the countries of the socialist community has acquired considerable relevance in historical research recently. At the same time there are considerable gaps in the study of culture of German Democratic Republic. For the period from 1945 to 1949 it is especially true. Appeal to the sources of the Soviet period can make it partly up. Nevertheless, this is insufficient. A modern view of the culture of East Germany after Second World War is ne-cessary. The policy of Socialist Unified Party of Germany at the socialist culture formation period is the subject of this r

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Lefèvre, Sylvie. "La politique industrielle des Soviétiques dans leur zone d’occupation en Allemagne vue par les services français à Berlin (1945-1949)." Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande 32, no. 1 (2000): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reval.2000.5573.

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The industrial policy carried out by the Soviets in their occupation zone in Germany between 1945 and 1949 particularly drew the attention of the economic departments of the French military Government in Berlin. Despite the contradictory nature of the information received, their numerous dispatches and notes, often unpublished, attempted to analyse the different aspects : the administrative and political planning structures, the evolution of methods from the dismantlings to the complete reorganization of German industry. If the French observers understood perfectly certain contradictions of th

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Pushkarenko, Elena A. "German cultural policy and propaganda in the territory of the General district of Belarus in 1941–1944." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: History. International Relations 21, no. 2 (2021): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2021-21-2-167-174.

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The article deals with the problem of policy and propaganda in the field of culture of the German civil administration in the territory of the General District of Belarus. The aim of the research is to analyze the content of German propaganda materials in the field of culture, to determine its main directions, goals and effectiveness, as well as the content of the real occupation policy in the field of culture. Research methods-analysis and synthesis are applied in the article. The researcher comes to the conclusion that the true goals of German policy and propaganda in the field of culture we

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Seipp, Adam R. "“This Land Remains German”: Requisitioning, Society, and the US Army, 1945–1956." Central European History 52, no. 03 (2019): 476–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000893891900075x.

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AbstractThis article examines debates over the requisitioning of real estate by the US Army during the decade after the end of World War II. Requisitioning quickly emerged as one of the most contentious issues in the relationship between German civilians and the American occupation. American policy changed several times as the physical presence of the occupiers shrank during the postwar period then expanded again after the outbreak of the Korean War. I show that requisitioning became a key site of contestation during the early years of the Federal Republic. The right to assert authority over r

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Mashevsky, O., and D. Ozherelyeva. "ACTIVITIES OF SOVIET AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA ON THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE DURING THE FINAL STAGE OF THE SOVIET-GERMAN WAR." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 151 (2021): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2021.151.12.

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The manipulative influence of the Soviet and German ideological machines on the population of the Ukrainian territories at the final stage of the Soviet-German war is studied. The state of studying the problem in the scientific literature and sources is considered, special attention is paid to the use of periodicals, especially local, in the propaganda of both the Soviet Union and the other warring party - Nazi Germany. Attention is drawn to the attempts of the Nazi authorities to gain the loyalty of the Ukrainian population through propaganda manipulations during the occupation, emphasizing t

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Jørgensen, Jesper Düring. "Gustav Meissners rolle i den såkaldte nytårskrise 1940-41." Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 55 (March 3, 2016): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v55i0.118923.

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Jesper Düring Jørgensen: The role of Gustav Meissner in the so-called New Year crisis The article looks at the role of the German press attaché Gustav Meissner (1910–1995) during the so-called New Year crisis, which unfolded between the German occupying administration and the Danish government from December 1940 to the end of January 1941. The crisis started in autumn 1940 as a reaction to the unsuccessful monetary and customs union negotiations between Germany and Denmark, and as a result of the Danish Nazi party’s failed propaganda offensive. Another factor that contributed to exacerba

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Gehrig, Sebastian. "Informal Cold War Envoys: West German and East German Cultural Diplomacy in East Asia." Journal of Cold War Studies 24, no. 4 (2022): 112–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_01092.

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Abstract The bifurcation of Germany during the Cold War induced the two German states to compete around the world over German cultural sovereignty, as they offered rival conceptions of what it meant to be German. The contest over this matter was fueled not only by the division of Germany but also by the military occupation. With restrictions imposed on both governments in their foreign policy activities during the early Cold War, foreign cultural diplomacy (auswärtige Kulturpolitik), a form of proxy diplomacy developed in the interwar period, became a crucial means of forging ties with countri

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LANNIK, L. V. "GERMAN OCCUPATION TROOPS AND THE FORMATION OF ANTI-BOLSHEVIK FORCES IN UKRAINE AND THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA IN 1918(аccording to the German archives)". JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 11, № 2 (2022): 154–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2225-8272-2022-11-2-154-176.

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The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of the formation of the German occupation forces and anti-Bolshevik armies in Ukraine and southern Russia in 1918 based upon data of German archives. The author draws attention to the fact that during the German occupation of the western outskirts of the former Russian Empire, one of the basic problems of the stability of the regime was the formation of an armed wing of anti-Bolshevik forces from the remnants of the disintegrated old army and its command staff. The escalation of the Civil War would not have been possible without the org

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Ponypaliak, Oleksandr. "THE POLICY OF NAZI GERMANY ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA (1941 – 1944)." European Historical Studies, no. 19 (2021): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.19.7.

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he article considers the policy of Nazi Germany in the occupied Crimea during 1941-1944. The study aims to study and analyze the features of the Nazi occupation regime on the territory of the Crimean peninsula. The author analyzes the plans of the Nazi leadership for the future of the Crimean peninsula in the postwar strategy of Berlin to the occupied territories, considers the main approaches in the implementation ofthe Generalplan OST. The basic concepts of the future position of the Crimean peninsula in the geostrategic calculations of the Third Reich are reflected. In particular, the plans

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Pushkarenko, E. A. "BELARUSIAN WOMEN'S COLLABORATIONISM AS A TOOL OF GERMAN PROPAGANDA DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR." History: facts and symbols, no. 2 (June 6, 2022): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2022-31-2-115-121.

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The article examines the phenomenon of Belarusian women's collaboration in the context of the problem of German propaganda in the occupied Soviet territory during the Great Patriotic War. The study was conducted on the materials of the General District of Belarus, chronological framework – 1941-1944. The paper analyzes the materials of propaganda for women and the activities of Belarusian women's collaborationist organizations in the territory of the General District of Belarus. The district occupied about a quarter of the pre-war territory of the BSSR and included mainly western and part of t

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Leibold, Stefan. "Il welfare tedesco: un compromesso confessionale?" SOCIOLOGIA E POLITICHE SOCIALI, no. 3 (January 2013): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sp2012-003004.

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From the end of the 19th century to the present, six political regimes followed one another in Germany: from the monarchy to the Weimar Republic, the national socialist dictatorship, the occupation by the allies after the Second World War, East Germany under Soviet influence, the new established capitalist West Germany and the reunified Germany (the "Berlin Republic" after 1990). Nevertheless, surprisingly enough, the structure of the German welfare state has shown a steady continuity over such a long span of time: Germany is a very prominent example of "path dependency" in matter of welfare s

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SPERLING, JAMES. "Neither Hegemony nor Dominance: Reconsidering German Power in Post Cold-War Europe." British Journal of Political Science 31, no. 2 (2001): 389–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123401000151.

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German unification in 1989 raised the spectre of German hegemony in post-cold war Europe. In this article, I demonstrate that Germany lacks the structural power consistent with European hegemony or dominance; that there is little evidence supporting an appreciable gap between Germany's structural power and foreign policy ambitions; and that apparent symptoms of German hegemony, particularly the process of institutional emulation in Central and Eastern Europe, reflect other international processes and incentives emanating from the state system itself. This reassessment and downgrading of German

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Braslauskas, Justinas. "Trade in Lithuania under Rule of the Nazis." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 9 (December 28, 2001): 54–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2001.37234.

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Trade organisation in Lithuania during occupation by the Nazis was stimulated not by the country's local economy development but by an exterior factor - the intention of Germany, the aggressor state, to gradually integrate the local economy into its own economy. It was obviously demonstrated by the establishment of German companies in the region as well as by giving most of the wholesale and larger-scale retail businesses at those companies' disposal. In spite of the fact that it was permitted to re-privatise the smaller retail businesses which had been nationalised by the Soviet power, both r

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Lak, Martijn. "“A Chinese Wall along our Eastern Border” – Allied Occupation Policy in Germany and its Consequences for Dutch-German Trade Relations, 1945-1949." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 59, no. 1 (2018): 215–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2018-0009.

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Abstract After the unconditional surrender of the Third Reich in May 1945, Germany no longer existed as a sovereign, independent nation. It was occupied by the four Allied powers: France, Great Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union. When it came to the postwar European recovery, the biggest obstacle was that the economy in Germany, the dominant continental economic power before the Second World War, was at an almost complete standstill. This not only had severe consequences for Germany itself, but also had strong economic repercussions for surrounding countries, especially the Nether

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Tetiana, Tsymbal. "UKRAINIAN SCHOOL UNDER OCCUPATION: EXPERIENCE OF HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION." Analele Universităţii din Craiova seria Istorie 30, no. 1 (2025): 29–39. https://doi.org/10.52846/aucsi.2025.1.03.

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The article presents the experience of understanding specific features of the organisation of education in Ukrainian schools under occupation during the Second World War in comparison with the russian occupation of part of Ukrainian territories since 2014. Attention is focused on identifying common and unique characteristics of these occupation regimes in the context of education organisation, as well as specifics of goals and the content of education used by the occupation regimes in the occupied territories. The author analyses the educational policy of the German occupation administration,

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Levchenko, V. V., H. S. Levchenko, and O. S. Murashko. "THE ACTIVITIES OF ODESA LIBRARIES DURING THE OCCUPATION OF 1941–1944." Library Mercury, no. 2(32) (December 27, 2024): 7–44. https://doi.org/10.18524/2707-3335.2024.2(32).316842.

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The article is dedicated to one of the insufficiently researched aspects of the history of librarianship in our country – the policy of the occupation authorities and representatives of the German military administration regarding the organization of library activities in the occupied territories of the Ukrainian SSR. For the first time, the article presents the history of Odesa libraries during the German-Romanian occupation of 1941–1944. Based on materials published in the occupation press and a number of archival documents, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, the auth

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Kettler, Mark T. "“Incurable Megalomania” and “Fantasies of Expansion”: The German Army Reimagines Empire in Occupied Poland, 1915–1918." Central European History 54, no. 4 (2021): 621–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938921000017.

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AbstractPlans for a Polish “border strip” are frequently cited to argue that the German army entered the First World War committed to pacifying conquered space through Germanization. This article contends that, in 1914, the German officer corps did not understand national homogeneity as essential for imperial security. Many influential officers insisted that Polish identity was compatible with German imperial loyalty. They supported a multinational imperial model, proposing to trade Poland its cultural and political autonomy for the acceptance of German suzerainty in foreign policy and militar

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Pushkarenko, Elena A. "The cultural policy of "Belarusization" as a propaganda tool of the German authorities in the occupied Soviet territory (based on the materials of the General District of Belarus)." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no. 54 (2024): 76–89. https://doi.org/10.17223/22220836/54/7.

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The article examines the phenomenon of the cultural policy of the German authorities in the occupied Soviet territory. The study was conducted on the materials of the General District of Belarus, 1941–1944. The author believes that the cultural policy initiated by the head of the district V. Kube created an external impression of the revival of the national language and culture of Belarus and thus served as an additional means of verifying German propaganda. From his submission, the propaganda media actively exploited the Belarusian national idea as the most trump card of ideological influence

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Mosora, Volodymyr. "PUBLISHED EYEWITNESS MEMORIES AS A SOURCE FOR STUDYING THE LABOUR MOBILIZATION OF THE GALICIAN POPULATION TO GERMANY IN 1941-1944." Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no. 33 (October 28, 2024): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2024.33.150.

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The purpose of the article is to analyze information about the policy of the Nazi occupation authorities in the territory of the Halychyna district, aimed at recruiting and transporting the able-bodied local population to work in Germany during the Soviet-German war, based on the published memories of eyewitnesses. The article highlights information about the peculiarities of the propaganda policy of the German occupation authorities, the purpose of which was to attract as many workers as possible to meet the economic needs of the Third Reich. Information about the activities of individual org

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Turner, Ian. "Great Britain and the Post-War German Currency Reform." Historical Journal 30, no. 3 (1987): 685–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x0002094x.

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British policy towards Germany during the period of occupation aimed at preventing a resurgence of German military might in the future, whilst ensuring stable economic conditions in the short term. By mid 1946, however, the scale of the economic problems confronting the occupying powers in Germany had already manifested itself in the reduction of food rations and the consequent falling off in the output of Ruhr coal. The fragile economy was to suffer an even greater setback during the cruel winter of 1946/7. The immediate restoration of economic activity became imperative, not least because th

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Dybek, Jarosław. "Powstanie kawalerii SS Totenkopf i jej rola w niemieckiej polityce okupacyjnej na ziemiach polskich w latach 1939–1941." UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 17, no. 4 (2020): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/johass.2020.4.5.

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The topic of the article is one of the German SS regiments stationed in occupied Poland and its role in The German occupation policy. While the history of the SS formation is very well known in both academic and popular science literature, its cavalry has not been elaborated in great detail thus far. Although this topic seems interesting, it has not yet been discussed in any book in the Polish language. Most of the literature related to this topic was published in German and English. The 1st SS Death’s Head Cavalry Regiment operated primarily in the General Government and was under the Higher

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Gienow-Hecht, Jessica C. E., and Richard L. Merritt. "Democracy Imposed: U.S. Occupation Policy and the German Public, 1945-1949." Journal of American History 83, no. 2 (1996): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2945066.

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Kofsky, Frank. "Democracy Imposed: U.S. Occupation Policy and the German Public, 1945–1949." History: Reviews of New Books 24, no. 4 (1996): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1996.9952530.

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