Academic literature on the topic 'German tamarisk'

Two colonic mucoid adenocarcinomas in tamarins from the German Primate Centre are reported. A mucinous mucoid adenocarcinoma occurred in the ascending and transversal colon of a Saguinus oedipus male more than 8 years old, with metastases in the regional lymph nodes and the pancreas. The tumour corresponded to colon cancer in cotton-topped tamarins of other colonies. The second tumour, a well differentiated tubular mucoid adenocarcinoma, developed at the ileocaecal valve of a 14½ year old Saguinus fuscicollis male with metastases to the local lymphatic system.

The glycoconjugate-binding properties and the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen in colonic cancers of cotton-top tamarins at the German Primate Center are described. Deviating from findings in non-tumorous colonic epithelia of cotton-top tamarins was the presence of UEA-, SBA-, or DBA-binding sites in the infranuclear cytoplasm of colonic epithelial cells, staining of entire cells, and the occurrence of subepithelial extracellular glycoconjugates in and adjacent to colonic cancers. Carcinoembryonic antigen, which normally was limited to the fuzzy coat of the colonic epithelium, was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the cancer cells.

Twenty-one liverworts from Mexico, Ecuador, Greece, Germany and Japan were extracted with diethyl ether and the crude extracts analyzed by TLC and GC/MS. Several volatile sesqui- and diterpenoids, and also bibenzyls were identified. Many of these compounds are important chemical markers of liverworts genus or family. Sacculatane-type diterpene dialdehydes occur in the Pelliaceae family, while bibenzyls, especially with a prenyl group are characteristic of the Japanese Radula perrottetii. Eudesman-type sesquiterpene lactones and pinguisane-type sesquiterpenoids are significant markers of Frullania tamarisci and Trocholejeunea sandvicensis, respectively. The Greek Fossombronia angulosa contained exactly the same compounds previously found in brown algae. Such chemical similarity suggests that some families of liverworts and algae may have an evolutionary relationship.

This article explores the interrelated themes of broken attachment, childhood trauma and the nature of memory, particularly associated with the evacuation of children from Europe, and within Britain at the start of the Second World War. The paper is based upon the life and works of the German author W. G. Sebald and, specifically, his novel Austerlitz, and, to a lesser extent, some of the author’s experience as a result of evacuation from London in 1940. The article also makes reference to recent work on the neurobiology of traumatic memory. Ka tūhuria e te tuhinga nei ngā ariā taurite ki te motunga o ngā taura here, mate tamariki me te āhua o maumahara hāngai atu nei ki te hūnukutangahia o ngā tamariki mai i Ioripa me te rohe o Ingarangi i te tīmatanga o te Pakanga Tuarua. Ko te pūtaketanga o te tuhinga ko te koiora me ngā mahi a W. G. Sebald; he kaituhi Tiamana, whāia rawahia ko tana pukapuka Austerlitz, ā, itiiti nei te pānga ki ētahi o ana wheako ara ake i te wehenga mai i Rānana i te tau 1940. Ka tohu anō hoki te tuhinga ki te mahi onamata whakapā atu ki te mātauranga io koiora o te mate maumahara.

Cowpox virus (CPXV) belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus in the Poxviridae family and is endemic in western Eurasia. Based on seroprevalence studies in different voles from continental Europe and UK, voles are suspected to be the major reservoir host. Recently, a CPXV was isolated from a bank vole (Myodes glareolus) in Germany that showed a high genetic similarity to another isolate originating from a Cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). Here we characterize this first bank vole-derived CPXV isolate in comparison to the related tamarin-derived isolate. Both isolates grouped genetically within the provisionally called CPXV-like 3 clade. Previous phylogenetic analysis indicated that CPXV is polyphyletic and CPXV-like 3 clade represents probably a different species if categorized by the rules used for other orthopoxviruses. Experimental infection studies with bank voles, common voles (Microtus arvalis) and Wistar rats showed very clear differences. The bank vole isolate was avirulent in both common voles and Wistar rats with seroconversion seen only in the rats. In contrast, inoculated bank voles exhibited viral shedding and seroconversion for both tested CPXV isolates. In addition, bank voles infected with the tamarin-derived isolate experienced a marked weight loss. Our findings allow for the conclusion that CPXV isolates might differ in their replication capacity in different vole species and rats depending on their original host. Moreover, the results indicate host-specific differences concerning CPXV-specific virulence. Further experiments are needed to identify individual virulence and host factors involved in the susceptibility and outcome of CPXV-infections in the different reservoir hosts.

AbstractTwenty-two year measurements of a test of inter- and intraspecific larch hybrids among European (E), Japanese (J) and tamarack (T) parents growing in central Maine reveal significant hybrid vigor, especially among crosses involving J and E parents. The mean heights and diameters of all the interspecific crosses between J and E parents exceeded those of intraspecific crosses among either of the parents. The mean height after 22 years for all 17 JxE and ExJ crosses was 19.2 m (63 feet), which compares favorably with heights of loblolly pine plantations at age 25 growing in the southeastern USA, where site index ranged from 12.2 m to 24.4 m (40 and 80 feet respectively). In addition the mean height of these larch crosses was 30% greater than that of a control hybrid seed lot of German origin. Crosses between E and T parents also performed well, but exhibited relatively poor form, and seed set was very low. Seed set and viability for crosses between J and E were as good as intraspecific parental crosses. Therefore propagation of hybrid larch crosses via controlled pollination and rooted cuttings is feasible, and the potential benefits of larch plantations for Maine’s forest economy are briefly discussed.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Eutypa lata (Pers. : Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. Hosts: Apricot (Prunus armeniaca), Prunus, Tamarix, Ceanothus, grape vine (Vitis vinifera) and other hosts. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Libya, South Africa, Asia, India, Maharashtra, Israel, Pakistan, Turkey, Autralasia & Oceania, Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales, Western Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, former Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, UK, England, Scotland, Wales, Isle of Man, Ukraine, North America, Canada, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, South America, Brazil.

Myricaria germanica (L.) Desv. is a pioneer shrub linked to natural river dynamics. Despite its high conservation and indicator value, there is a lack of information on factors affecting its population density and viability, and its long-term dynamics. The long history of river alteration has created novel systems with unknown dynamics, so population-level studies are necessary to understand, manage and restore M. germanica, preventing the loss of biodiversity associated to this keystone species. The main process that affects its populations is habitat fragmentation, especially in human dominated European rivers. This thesis is based on a general review that deals with the distribution, biology and ecology of M. germanica (Paper I). Two research papers (Papers II and III) then concern the evaluation of M. germanica population-level long-term dynamics along a central eastern Alpine river (Trento Province, Italy) subject to human impact and lateral river corridor constraints. The success of a set of reintroduction projects in South Tyrol, a central eastern Alpine region, was also investigated through the collection of post-reintroduction population-level data. Lastly, a set of individual river basin traits data was collected in four north-eastern Italian basins and summarized, to complement the knowledge of this species biology. The last two topics are integrated into this main text. Focusing on different time scales, due to the variability of riverine landscape contexts and on different spatial levels, from individual-, to river-, to regional levels, the overall goal of this work was to detect spatial and management components influencing M. germanica survival. The analyses were conducted at European level (Paper I), on about 20 metapopulations distributed along a river basin (Papers II and III), 50 reintroductions were monitored (4,730 planted individuals), and traits were measured on 1,634 individuals. Papers II and III were written thanks to a collaboration with the University of Helsinki (Department of Environmental Sciences). The data collection covered both species and environmental variables, considering current and historical field data and management variables of the surveyed river corridor and the surrounding basin-level asset. Regression models were used to relate species dynamics and traits to spatial, environmental and management variables. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the morphological and chronological traits. The approximately 150 literature sources for this species span four centuries, ten languages, and three continents, apart from the richness of biological and ecological data, they are full of forgotten information about the potential uses of this species (Paper I). Environmental site conditions (particularly active channel width) and management variables have an impact on plant populations, the response of which however does not follow a clear spatial synchrony. This requires a long-term approach in studying population survival and a distinction between adults and juveniles (Papers II and III). Currently, reintroductions have had a mixed success, positive in specific locations, while the majority of individuals disappeared in the years following their planting. Morphological traits are characteristic of a short-lived shrub, but some long-lived individuals have been observed, usually away from rivers. Despite this, height, diameter and age were well correlated. In general, the integrative method used allowed us to improve the knowledge about the drivers of M. germanica survival, the complex natural-human patterns and processes on different time-space scales that influenced population-level abundance and basin-level distribution.
Myricaria germanica (L.) Desv. è un arbusto pioniere legato alle dinamiche fluviali naturali. Nonostante il suo alto valore di conservazione e di indicatore, mancano informazioni sui fattori che influiscono sulla densità e vitalità delle popolazioni e sulle dinamiche a lungo termine. I nuovi sistemi fluviali, formatisi a seguito degli interventi umani, rendono necessari studi a livello di popolazione per comprendere, gestire, ripristinare M. germanica e prevenire la perdita di biodiversità associata a queste specie chiave. La frammentazione degli habitat rappresenta il principale problema per la sua conservazione. Questa tesi si basa su un lavoro generale di revisione riguardante distribuzione, biologia ed ecologia di M. germanica (Paper I) e su due documenti di ricerca (Paper II e III) riguardanti la studio della dinamica di popolazione a lungo termine in un torrente alpino (Trentino, Italia), soggetto all’impatto umano e alle limitazioni delle aree laterali del corridoio fluviale. Inoltre, è stato studiato l’esito di una serie di reintroduzioni fatte in Alto Adige, attraverso la raccolta in campo, dopo la piantumazione, di dati a livello di popolazione. Infine, in quattro bacini italiani nord-orientali sono stati raccolti dati sulle loro caratteristiche e riassunti, per integrare la conoscenza della biologia della specie. Gli ultimi due temi sono integrati nel testo principale. Focalizzandosi su diverse scale temporali, per la variabilità del paesaggio fluviale, e diversi livelli spaziali (individuo, fiume e regione), l'obiettivo di questo lavoro è di rilevare le componenti spaziali e gestionali che influenzano sulla sopravvivenza di M. germanica. Le analisi sono state condotte a livello europeo (Paper I) e su 20 metapopolazioni presenti in un bacino idrografico (Paper II e III). Sono poi state monitorate 50 reintroduzioni (4.730 individui piantati), e su 1.634 individui sono state misurate le caratteristiche morfologiche. I paper II e III sono stati realizzati in collaborazione con l'Università di Helsinki. La raccolta dei dati ha riguardato sia la specie, che le variabili ambientali, considerando i dati attuali presi in campo e quelli storici, le variabili gestionali del corridoio fluviale esaminato e del contesto a livello di bacino fluviale. Sono stati usati modelli di regressione per mettere in relazione le dinamiche e le caratteristiche della specie con le variabili spaziali, ambientali e gestionali. Sono state eseguite analisi statistiche descrittive per riassumere i tratti morfologici e cronologici. Sono state utilizzate circa 150 fonti bibliografiche, che abbracciano un arco temporale di 4 secoli e 3 continenti, scritte in una decina di lingue, e oltre alla descrizione biologica ed ecologica, sono ricche di informazioni sui potenziali usi che oggi sono stati dimenticati (Paper I). Le condizioni ambientali del sito (in particolare la larghezza del canale attivo) e i diversi tipi di gestione influiscono sulle popolazioni, la cui risposta tuttavia non segue una chiara sincronia spaziale. È richiesto un approccio a lungo termine per lo studio della sopravvivenza della popolazione (Paper II e III) e una distinzione tra piante adulte e giovani. Attualmente, le reintroduzioni hanno avuto un successo alterno, positivo su specifici siti, negativo nella maggior parte degli impianti, scomparsi negli anni successivi alla loro piantumazione. I tratti morfologici sono caratteristici di un arbusto a breve ciclo di vita, ma sono stati osservati alcuni individui più longevi, di solito meno vicini ai corsi d’acqua. Nonostante questo, l’altezza, il diametro e l’età sono ben correlati. In generale, il metodo integrato utilizzato ha permesso di migliorare le conoscenze sui driver della sopravvivenza di M. germanica, sui complessi schemi e sui processi naturali-umani, a diverse scale temporali-spaziali, che ne hanno influenzato l'abbondanza a livello di popolazione e la distribuzione a livello di bacino.