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Journal articles on the topic 'German'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Tscherniak, Alexander. "<i>Germani</i> und <i>invento nomine</i> (Tac. <i>Germ</i>. 2, 3)." Hyperboreus 22, no. 1 (2016): 155–63. https://doi.org/10.36950/pfgd4653.

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Tacitus’s attempt (Germ. 2, 3) to represent the left shore Germans as the source of the spreading of the ethnic name Germani upon all Germany appears to the author of the paper unconvincing. Tacitus speaks about transgression of Rhein by the German union of tribes Tungri, who were probably summoned by the Treveri to help them in their struggle with the Aeduaci, the descendants of Cimbri and Teutones. Later Celts came to name Germani all German-speaking mercenaries from the right shore of Rhein. Caesar was the ﬁrst who started using Germani as an ethnic name. Tacitus tried to maintain this usag

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Kasatkin, P. I., V. S. Kurske, and I. A. Valiev. "The Role of German Diaspora in Russian-German Relations." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(26) (October 28, 2012): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2012-5-26-86-97.

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German Diaspora played and plays significant role in Russian-German relations. It is very important for cooperation in humanitarian sphere, education and culture. Key actors are Germany as «the external homeland», German diaspora and Russia as «the accommodation country». In the activity concerning the Russian Germans all three parties are guided by various principles and purposes that sometimes leads to tensions and the conflicts. But as a whole we have to note that the Russian Germans became a constructive link between Germany and Russia.

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Volkova, T. P. "“German issue” in Kazakhstan-German relations at the beginning of the 1990s." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Historical studies 9, no. 2 (34) (2022): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2312-1300.2022.9(2).220-229.

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In the article based on new archive data from Republic of Kazakhstan Ministry of Foreign Affairs fund the factor of German diaspora in regards of Kazakhstan-German relations' establishment and development is considered.“German Issue” is considered as ethnical Germans' requirement to revive their national identity and to restore unfairly destroyed statehood. For this purpose, Germans' public organizations were established, e.g. “Wiedergeburt” (“Revival”). The failure to resolve the “German Issue” led since the late 1980s to Germans' massive migration from the USSR and later from post-Soviet cou

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4

Waddington, Keir. "“We Don't Want Any German Sausages Here!” Food, Fear, and the German Nation in Victorian and Edwardian Britain." Journal of British Studies 52, no. 4 (2013): 1017–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2013.178.

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AbstractThis essay brings together aspects of the history of science, food, and culture, and applies them to the study of Anglo-German relations and perceptions by examining how between 1850 and 1914 the German sausage was used as a metaphor for the German nation. The essay shows how the concerns that became attached to German sausages not only provide a way of understanding Britain's interaction with Germany but also reveal further dimensions to popular anti-German sentiment. Alarm about what went into German sausages formed part of a growing strand of popular opposition to Germany, which dre

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Panagiotidis, Jannis. "What Is the German’s Fatherland?" East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 29, no. 1 (2015): 120–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325414540934.

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This article deals with the migration of “ethnic Germans” from socialist Eastern Europe to the GDR in the decades after the Second World War. Post-expulsion resettlement from that region is commonly associated with Aussiedler migration to West Germany. Contesting the idea that East Germany displayed no interest in Eastern European Germans, this article shows that the GDR, which challenged the West German claim to be the sole representative of the German nation, also received ethnic German immigrants, mostly from Poland and the USSR. It argues that the distribution of roles between the two Germ

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Jakubavičienė, Ingrida. "Sport and policy. German Sports organisations in Klaipėda region in 1923-1939." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 17 (June 28, 2006): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2006.37078.

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Since 1920 national European countries made their efforts to support their national policy and it caused problems among national minorities and they started actions in order to keep their national identity. In Klaipėda region there were over 65 thousand Germans. There they had a number of sport clubs and cultural, political, religious organizations. In 1923 Klaipėda region was appended to Lithuania but Germans never abandoned their revanchist sentiments to return the region to Germany. Since 1933 as Hitler came into power in Germany, Germans in Klaipėda started Nazi policy. The leaders of spor

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Mihułka, Krystyna. "Selbst- und Fremdbilder in der Fremdsprachendidaktik am Beispiel des DaF-Unterrichts in Polen." Glottodidactica 49, no. 2 (2022): 109–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/gl.2022.49.2.05.

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This article aims at providing an answer to the question of whether, and if so to what extent (intensive) German language learning and exploring German culture leads to a positive change in the image of Germany and Germans in Poland. The article opens with theoretical considerations on the Us–Them dichotomy, the essential components of self-image and the image of the Other, as well as the interpenetration of the self and otherness. In turn, the empirical part of the article, which is directly related to the theoretical one, is devoted to the analysis of the results of a qualitative study condu

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Ivanchenko, T. A. "Features of intercultural communication of Germans in Germany and abroad." Uchenye zapiski St. Petersburg University of Management Technologies and Economics, no. 1 (April 9, 2022): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/2541-8106-2022-1-17-23.

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The article describes the speciﬁcs of the communicative behavior of Germans in Germany and abroad. The model of communication of Germans within their own country is analyzed. The differences in communicative values between the inhabitants of the eastern and western parts of Germany are described. Highlighted are communicative principles common to all Germans in Germany. The features of the communicative style of the inhabitants of Germany and other German-speaking countries - Austria and Switzerland are studied. The ways of solving the problems of intercultural communication of the inhabitants

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9

Ziemer, Klaus. "The Emergence of New States in Eastern Europe after World War I: The German Impact." TalTech Journal of European Studies 11, no. 1 (2021): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjes-2021-0007.

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Abstract After World War I, many borders in Europe were redrawn, especially in the northeast and southeast of Germany. Almost all political forces in Germany strived to restore the prewar German borders, especially towards Poland. Even Poland’s very existence was denied by many German political forces. The Baltic States were less important for Germany in this respect. Here the relationship with the Baltic Germans and trade relations prevailed. The independence of these states was in the eyes of German elite subordinated to the relations with Russia. The article presents this pattern of German

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10

Кудайберген and Pirimkul Kudaybergen. "Functions and the role of labor agency in social welfare and personnel management in Germany (through the example of immigrants)." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 3, no. 3 (2014): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4872.

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The paper considers functions of the Labor Agency (Agency), which is an important mechanism for workforce management processes and procedures in the context of socially-oriented German economy. Agency activities are analyzed and how it practically implements social welfare principles (as exemplified by immigrants from CSI, Asian and African countries). The author operates based on his research and personal experience, gained while working in various German universities and companies. Special attention is given to how the Agency’s Center of Employment provide unemployed with unemployment relief

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Casteel, James E. "The Russian Germans in the Interwar German National Imaginary." Central European History 40, no. 3 (2007): 429–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938907000799.

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In September 1929, a group of Russian German farmers who were dissatisfied with conditions under Soviet rule traveled to the suburbs of Moscow and demanded that they be allowed to emigrate. The gathering of ethnic Germans, most of whom were Mennonites, grew rapidly and numbered more than 13,000 people at its height. Their demands were widely reported in the German press and brought the subject of Soviet collectivization into the public eye in Germany. The effect of this event on German-Soviet diplomatic relations, which became increasingly strained as Stalinism took hold, is well known. Althou

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Jakubavičienė, Ingrida. "The role of Nazi organizations in German repatriation from the Baltic states (1939-1941)." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 18 (December 28, 2006): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2006.37065.

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In 1939 the Baltic states became the victims of cruel Hitler and Stalin agreements. Hitler and Stalin agreed that the German minority from the Baltic states would repatriate to Germany. Since 1939 till 1944 more than one million Germans were forced to leave over 40 states and settle down in Germany. In 1923, in Lithuania, there lived 28 thousand 671 Germans or 1.5 percent of the population. In 1940, there were 36 thousand Germans. The number of Germans increased because of Nazi agitation, then Lithuanians changed their nationality into German. In Latvia in 1930, there lived about 70 thousand,

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Blankenburg, Erhard. "The Purge of Lawyers after the Breakdown of the East German Communist Regime." Law & Social Inquiry 20, no. 01 (1995): 223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1995.tb00687.x.

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When in East Germany communist rule broke down, West Germans stood ready to take over. The end of communism also meant the end of the German Democratic Republic state; unification came as unconditional surrender to the western Federal Republic of Germany. The purge of the former regime's leaders therefore became intertwined with the West German takeover. With the takeover came Western politicians, managers, and professionals, forcing East Germans to compete fur jobs and influence. Opportunistic strategies with regard to the future buildup thus mixed with the desires for revenge and justice tow

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14

O'Brien, Peter. "German-Polish Migration: The Elusive Search for a German Nation-State." International Migration Review 26, no. 2 (1992): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839202600211.

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This article examines past and present migrations to Germany from the perspective of nation-state formation. Much of modern German history has been characterized by repeated (and failed) attempts to establish and sustain a strong, independent nation-state like France or Britain. But each attempt, including the recent reunification, has forced Germany to absorb large numbers of non-Germans either as a result of 1) expanding borders and annexations and/or 2) the appeal and labor needs of a robust economy. Focusing on the many experiences with the Polish minority (ranging from the eighteenth cent

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15

Maftuna, Karshiboeva. "LITERATURE OF REUNIFIED GERMANY." International Journal Of Literature And Languages 03, no. 03 (2023): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijll/volume03issue03-04.

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Germany is home to many famous composers, writers, poets, dramatists, philosophers and artists. German (Germanic) culture has been known since the 5th century. BC NS. German culture also includes the culture of Austria and Switzerland, which are politically independent from Germany but inhabited by Germans and belong to this culture.

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16

Kern, Holger Lutz, and Jens Hainmueller. "Opium for the Masses: How Foreign Media Can Stabilize Authoritarian Regimes." Political Analysis 17, no. 4 (2009): 377–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpp017.

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In this case study of the impact of West German television on public support for the East German communist regime, we evaluate the conventional wisdom in the democratization literature that foreign mass media undermine authoritarian rule. We exploit formerly classified survey data and a natural experiment to identify the effect of foreign media exposure using instrumental variable estimators. Contrary to conventional wisdom, East Germans exposed to West German television were more satisfied with life in East Germany and more supportive of the East German regime. To explain this surprising find

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17

Cordell, Karl. "Memory, Identity and Poland's German Minority." German Politics and Society 27, no. 4 (2009): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2009.270401.

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This paper seeks to offer an assessment of the nature of identity among Poland's German minority and to investigate why since 1950 large numbers of that minority have migrated to Germany. It does so by examining the nature of identity in the historic Polish-German borderlands, by recounting the experiences of those Germans who remained behind in Poland after the post World War Two expulsion process was completed in 1949, and by examining the continued salience of negative stereotypes of Germans and Germany among elements of Polish society. The paper highlights a number of salient factors of im

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Schweiger, Christian. "Deutschland einig Vaterland?" German Politics and Society 37, no. 3 (2019): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2019.370303.

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Thirty years on from the peaceful revolution in the former communist German Democratic Republic (GDR) Germany remains profoundly divided between the perspectives of Germans living in the eastern and the western parts of the country, which is becoming ever more obvious by the polarization of domestic politics. Hence, Germany today resembles a nation which is formally unified but deeply divided internally in cultural and political terms. This article examines the background to the growing cleavages between eastern and western regions, which have their roots in the mistakes that were made as part

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19

Domizi, Alessandra. "Außenstereotype über die deutsche Sprache und was sich dahinter verbirgt." Studia Linguistica 39 (December 7, 2020): 85–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1169.39.5.

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The German language is (stereo)typically viewed as a language that is both hard to learn and harsh to the ear, as well as useful and (sometimes overly) precise. Considering a few linguistic studies but focusing on layman manifestations from different countries found in literature, press, television and social networks, the author analyses these stereotypes as to their spread, connection to German culture, possible origins and social connotations. Following a qualitative approach, the analysis highlights how the outside view of Germany and the Germans has been shaped by specific historical even

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Iksanov, Ilya S. "The Transformation of the Institution of Citizenship of the European Union in the FRG Laws." Constitutional and municipal law 12 (December 24, 2020): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3767-2020-12-73-77.

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The article studies the institution of citizenship in the Federal Republic of Germany (the “FRG”) and analyzes the constitutional provisions of the FRG laws regulating the institution of citizenship. The FRG institution of citizenship is also reviewed in this article from the European law standpoint. Special attention is paid to the correlation of the following concepts: “citizen of Germany”, “German” and “citizen of the European Union”. The concept of “German” is broader than the concept of a “citizen of Germany”, and not only the belonging to the German race is of importance for referring to

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Abdullayev, Vugar. "AZƏRBAYCAN-ALMANİYA TARİXİ, SİYASİ-İQTİSADİ VƏ MƏDƏNİ ƏLAQƏLƏRİ." Scientific Works 20, no. 3 (2024): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.62706/bqiz.2024.v20i3.17.

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The article talks about the ancient roots of Azerbaijani-German relations and the gradual development of these relations. Even during the time of Tsarist Russia, and even before that, Azerbaijani intellectuals turned to Germany for education, and it shows their role in the creation of Azerbaijan-Germany relations. The article also talks about the civil attitude towards the Germans living in Azerbaijan during the Republic. The article also mentions the representation of Germans by a deputy in the parliament of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic during the Republic, along with the Azerbaijanis.

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Gavryusheva, Alexandra E. "May Ayim: To Be Black." Asia and Africa today, no. 8 (December 15, 2024): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0321507524080084.

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The article considers the complexity of the search for identity by the Afro-Germans in the last quarter of the 20th century based on the life path of the prominent teacher, poetess and activist May Ayim. The author presents a number of stages of her literary, scientific and educational activities. And examines the specifics of May Ayim’s self-awareness in the creative direction, studying of legacy and resistance in her poems and essays, as well as the integration of her work into the German-language literary space. Drawing on her literary contributions, political activism, and struggles agains

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Kreyenfeld, Michaela, and Anja Vatterrott. "Salmon migration and fertility in East Germany – An analysis of birth dynamics around German reunification." Zeitschrift für Familienforschung 30, no. 3-2018 (2018): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/zff.v30i3.02.

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This paper uses rich administrative data from the Deutsche Rentenversicherung (German Pension Fund) to describe changes in the timing and the spacing of births that occurred in the period following German reunification. We examine differences in the birth dynamics of East Germans, West Germans, and women who migrated between the two parts of Germany in these years. As the pension registers provide monthly records on whether a person is living in East or West Germany, they also allow us to examine the role of regional mobility in birth behaviour. In particular, we test the “salmon hypothesis”,

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Madajczyk, Piotr. "Niemiecka wizja miejsca Rosji w multipolarnym świecie." Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, no. 25/1 (April 28, 2017): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2017.25.02.

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The commonly held truth is that the attitude of German society and the German elite to Russia is different to the attitude of Poland. This is not entirely true because due to Russian policy, the Germans have become more critical of Russia in the twenty-first century than before. Germany, however, pursues a more global policy than Poland. As Russia and Germany are of great significance in Polish politics, it is important to question the German vision of Russia’s place in today’s multipolar world. This is all the more important given that Germany, as the strongest country in Europe and the one t

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Дубинский and Vladimir Dubinskiy. "Non-verbal communication in Germany." Modern Communication Studies 2, no. 4 (2013): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/811.

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The article addresses non-verbal communication presenting the national peculiarities of body language in Germany in close correlation with the stereotypical image of the German nation and the language picture of the world. The author gives a typology of German non-verbal communication on the basis of interpersonal interaction. The article illustrates gender differences in non-verbal communication of Germans giving particular attention to its national and international aspects. The author demonstrates the process of acculturation through non-verbal communication of foreigners living in Germany

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Xiao, Yunlong. "The Impact of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict on the German Energy Industry." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 13 (May 29, 2023): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v13i.8826.

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This passage will mainly focus on the effect that Russia-Ukraine War had on the German energy industry in 2022 and the time after. However, the paper will also focus on the German economy and political and social development during this war. This paper's assumptions on the influence of war that impacted Germany are primarily supported by the German government's statistical data about gas and electricity, the newspaper, the institutional statistics, and the data from other academic papers. The results shown in the documents indicate that the German economy and energy industry has suffered much

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Elizabeth A., Drummond. "In and Out of the Ostmark Migration, Settlement, and Demographics in Poznania, 1871–1918." Itinerario 37, no. 1 (2013): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000417.

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Historians have often viewed the history of the German empire with Berlin firmly in the centre of the lens, thus privileging the nation-state to the neglect of both the local and the transnational. Zooming out to include transnational processes such as migration and to globalise German history enables us to complicate the dominant narratives of the German nation-state. The movements of Germans overseas—whether as migrants, missionaries, or merchants—helped to forge a global presence for the German empire, but also entailed complex negotiations both among Germans and between Germans and their v

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GÜZAY, Aybüke. "GERMAN TRACES İN THE CAUCASUS AZERBAİJAN GERMANS." Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken / Journal of World of Turks 14, no. 1 (2022): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/zfwt/140116.

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In the 18th century, Germany also participated in the competition between the European States that started colonization activities and did not want to lag behind other states on the way to complete their union. Germany, which has existed as independent statelets since the 1800s, wanted to have a say in Africa, the Middle East and the Caucasus geographies after establishing its union in 1871. Although the immigration policy of the German colonists started to work after this date, it is seen that the colonization activities in the Caucasus geography took place in previous dates and in a differen

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von Beyme, Klaus. "A United Germany Preparing for the 1994 Elections." Government and Opposition 29, no. 4 (1994): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1994.tb01236.x.

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The Unification of Germany — not as a Confederation as most DDR intellectuals and many West German leftists and Greenish citizens had hoped for but by means of the Anschluss of the GDR — was a daring venture: would the East Germans accept the new national state? The Anschluss by the ‘unconditional surrender’ of the East Germans entailed enormous costs. Destabilization of West German democracy and non-acceptance of democracy by the East Germans was always a latent danger.

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Hartenian, Larry. "The Role of Media in Democratizing Germany: United States Occupation Policy 1945–1949." Central European History 20, no. 2 (1987): 145–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900012589.

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The Allied defeat of the German Wehrmacht in May 1945 brought the military struggle against fascism in Europe to an end. Yet with the occupation of Germany the struggle against fascism was to continue on other fronts. Germany was to be “demilitarized,” the economy “decartelized,” and the society “denazified. ” Ultimately Germany was to be “democratized.” The newly established media were to play a major role in the transformation of German attitudes, in this attempt to “reeducate” the Germans.

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Kühnen, Ulrich, Michael Schießl, Nadine Bauer, Natalie Paulig, Claudia Pöhlmann, and Karoline Schmidthals. "How Robust is the IAT? Measuring and Manipulating Implicit Attitudes of East-and West-Germans." Experimental Psychology 48, no. 2 (2001): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//0949-3946.48.2.135.

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Abstract. We investigated consequences of priming East-West-German related self-knowledge for the strength of implicit, ingroup-directed positive evaluations among East- and West-Germans. Based on previous studies we predicted opposite effects of self-knowledge priming for East- and West-Germans. Since in general the East-German stereotype is regarded as more negative than the West-German one, bringing to mind East-West-related self-knowledge (relative to neutral priming) was expected to attenuate ingroup favoritism for East-Germans, but to increase it for West-Germans. After having fulfilled

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Volodymyr, Potulnytsky. "The Image of Germany in the Context of Mutual Relations Between the Ukrainians and the Germans, as It is Presented in Intellectual Heritage of Historian and Geographer Stepan Rudnytskyi." Славістична збірка VI, Slavic studies (2022): 264–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6382863.

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The author of the article, using archival documents and literature, reproduces the conceptual views on the common pages of German-Ukrainian history, set out in the works of a prominent Ukrainian scholar, Academician Stepan Rudnytskyi. The article proves that Rudnytsky attached great importance to German influences on the rise of Ukrainian nation-building and stressed that these ties were only constructive for Ukraine. The scholar believed that the German neighborhood had only beneficial consequences for Ukraine, as even Ukrainian nationalism emerged in Galicia in the late 19th and early 20th c

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Błaszczak, Joanna, Marzena Żygis, and Bettina Beinhoff. "What influences our attitudes? A survey study on attitudes of Polish university students towards German people." Studia Linguistica 39 (December 7, 2020): 27–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1169.39.2.

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This study reports the results of a survey conducted on 121 Polish students at three universities in Szczecin, Wrocław and Lublin. The goal was to examine what young Poles think about Germany and Germans, and to what extent their attitudes towards German people are influenced by factors such as where they live, their level of German, the frequency of contact they have with Germans, and their acquaintances with them. The analysis reveals that while proficiency in German is not significant, other parameters such as frequency of contact or where they live contribute to forming their attitudes.

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Gray, William Glenn. "Foreign Relations: Where Germans Sell." Central European History 51, no. 1 (2018): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000893891800016x.

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By now there is not much resistance to the notion that historians of modern Germany should pay heed to events outside the borders of the Reich or nation-state (though, even now, Austria and Switzerland often remain an afterthought). At the 2006 annual conference of the German Studies Association in Pittsburgh, Michael Geyer spoke of transnational history as “the new consensus.” His keynote address bore the title “Where Germans Dwell”—a clear indication that the subject matter of German history must include transplants such as Jürgen Klinsmann and Arnold Schwarzenegger, as well as the German di

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Becker, Julia C., Anne Enders-Comberg, Ulrich Wagner, Oliver Christ, and David A. Butz. "Beware of National Symbols." Social Psychology 43, no. 1 (2012): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000073.

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The present research examined effects of exposure to the German flag on outgroup prejudice in Germany. In agreement with social identity theory, we demonstrated that exposure to the German flag increased outgroup prejudice among highly nationalistic German respondents. This finding seems to contradict prior research illustrating that exposure to the US flag reduced outgroup prejudice among highly nationalistic American respondents. This contradiction is considered the result of various concepts Germans associate with the German flag compared to concepts Americans associate with the US flag. Pr

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Marcinkowski, Christoph. "Peter Watson, The German Genius: Europe's Third Renaissance, the Second Scientific Revolution, and the Twentieth Century." ICR Journal 3, no. 1 (2011): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52282/icr.v3i1.594.

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Before Hitler, Nobel Prize ceremonies were in large part a German affair. For over a century Germany led the world through its scientific, educational and cultural achievements. The German Genius reminds English-speaking readers that the world we live in today in so many ways is a creation of German technology and culture. While, on a purely geopolitical level, the Germans failed to become dominant they succeeded in virtually every other sphere.

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Geymbukh, Nadezhda G. "Ideological and theoretical foundations of the constitutional characteristics of the German state in the XX century." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Pravo, no. 48 (2023): 5–14. https://doi.org/10.17223/22253513/48/1.

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The period after the Second World War did not become a time of lasting peace: humanity found itself in a state of "cold war". There are different points of view on the problem of the relationship between this phenomenon and the abnormal dead-end state of the German question. One of them is that the confrontation, which did not arise at all because of the German question, then had a powerful influence on his condition and, finally, blocked his decision, in principle quite possible and real. At this time, Western German jurists and political scientists are developing the philosophy of the unity

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Jolanta, Mędelska, Cieszkowski Marek, and Jankowiak Rutkowska. "About the Word Arbuse as one of the First Russicisms in the Language of Russian Germans." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 65, no. 1 (2014): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2014-0001.

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Abstract The article presents the process of creation of German island dialects in Russia and in the USSR. Starting in the second half of the 18th century, people from various German regions, primarily farmers and artisans, migrated to Russia. The authorities most frequently settled them in so-called colonies, or in other words, compact country villages, which were typically separated widely from each other. Germans settled in very large numbers along the Volga, in southern Russia, Crimea, the Caucasus, as well as in the St. Petersburg region, Novgorod, Voronezh and Volyn. The arrivals from Ge

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Zharonkina, Elena A., and Vasily S. Krovyakov. "Youth Organizations in the Soviet Occupation Zone in Germany, 1945–1949." SibScript 27, no. 3 (2025): 477–88. https://doi.org/10.21603/sibscript-2025-27-3-477-488.

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The Allied occupation of Germany after World War II remains a popular research topic. In the democratization of German society, the crucial role belonged to youth policy. The article describes youth organizations organized by the Soviet military administration in the Soviet occupation zone of Germany. The authors applied systemic, historical, analytical, and comparative methods to archival documents in order to identify the strategies that the Soviet military administration used to build a system of youth organizations in post-war Germany. Youth work was a challenge for the occupation authorit

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Langenbacher, Eric. "Twenty-first Century Memory Regimes in Germany and Poland: An Analysis of Elite Discourses and Public Opinion." German Politics and Society 26, no. 4 (2008): 50–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2008.260404.

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One of the most important developments in the incipient Berlin Republic's memory regime has been the return of the memory of German suffering from the end and aftermath of World War II. Elite discourses about the bombing of German cities, the mass rape of German women by members of the Red Army, and, above all, the expulsion of Germans from then-Eastern Germany and elsewhere in Central and Eastern Europe have gained massive visibility in the last decade. Although many voices have lauded these developments as liberating, many others within Germany and especially in Poland—from where the vast ma

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Borisova, Alla A., and Anna V. Babaeva. "The Sudeten-German party in Czechoslovakia: On the way to unification with Nazi Germany (1933–1938)." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Istoriya, no. 87 (2024): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988613/87/14.

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The history study of nationalist parties in the 20th century is the subject of close attention of many researchersgermanists. However, the history of the Sudeten-German party in Czechoslovakia in the 1930s does not often become an object of research. The purpose of the article is to consider the activities of the Sudeten-German party, to highlight the key reasons for its emergence. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of the party leaders' views on the way to unification with Nazi Germany. Also, the work proposed, if possible, an objective analysis of the essence of Henlein movement.

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Jeong, Daehoon, and Thomas Eichert Thomas Eichert. "Research Trends of Korean-German Relation History since 2001." Korean Society For German History 56 (August 30, 2024): 5–64. https://doi.org/10.17995/kjgs.2024.8.56.5.

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This paper reviews the trends in the study of Korean-German relations published in Korean, German, and English since 2001. Since Joseon and Germany established diplomatic relations in 1883, Korean-German relations have continued for 140 years. In particular, after World War II, both countries formed a bond of sympathy by sharing the experience of forced division. This led to the early start of the study of Korean-German relations. If we limit ourselves to the year 2001, there are approximately 120 studies in Korean on Korean-German relations. Of these, about 80 are in German and English. This

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Jurek, Tomasz, and Renata Urban. "Polish Physical Culture in Germany and the German Minority's Physical Culture in Poland until 1939 – A Comparative Study." Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine 46 (2024): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/cej.2024.2-01.

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The article represents the first attempt to depict the similarities and differences in the development of Polish physical culture in Germany and German physical culture in Poland during the interwar period of the 20th century. In both Poland and Germany, up until 1939, national minorities, notably the Germans in Poland and the Polish in Germany, played a significant role in fostering the development of physical culture. Drawing upon scholarly research and archival sources, commonalities between Polish physical culture in Germany and German physical culture in Poland can be discerned. They incl

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Martynenko, V. L. "RECRUITING GERMAN MIGRANTS FROM THE USSR TO THE GERMAN ARMED FORCES AT THE END OF WORLD WAR II." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 3(50) (2020): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2020-3-89-99.

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German immigrants who were evacuated by the German authorities in 1943–1944 from the USSR to the territory of Warthegau, Silesia, General Government and Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, became part of the human resources actively used not only in the economy, but also in defensive measures of the Reich. Contrary to the fact that the mobilization of that potential contingent was relatively low, tens of thousands of men were in the ranks of the armed forces of Germany. A significant number of Soviet Germans were replenishment for the SS troops. The initial process of attracting German settle

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von Donat, Marcell. "Neutralism in Germany." Government and Opposition 21, no. 4 (1986): 406–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1986.tb00029.x.

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IN 1986, THE FRENCH PRESIDENT FRANÇOIS MITTERRAND reminded us that neutralism in Germany was not just a simple reaction to political facts but a very complex constant in recent German history. Is the idea of a neutral Germany or of two neutral German states of any political importance today? Are there still supporters for neutrality in Central Europe? Would it not be normal for some people to think in those terms?In today's relatively tension-free period of East-West relations, the fact may be overlooked that the German situation remains exceptional and that the Germans have a burden to carry

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Biedermann, Bettina. "Vergessene Auswanderer." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 35, no. 140 (2005): 423–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v35i140.593.

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Today, the debate on migration in Germany focuses on immigration. But a few decades ago, after World War II, a large number of Germans was leaving. USA and Canada were the favoured destinations, but Australia was also popular. In contrast to the former two countries, Australia and Germany in 1952 signed a bilateral treaty on the regulation of German migration to Australia. Consequently, an individual disposition for migration could only be materialised if the two governments permitted it. Australia wanted to industrialise and expand its population, whilst Germany saw migration as a contributio

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Oltmer, Jochen. "“The Unspoilt Nature of German Ethnicity”: Immigration and Integration of “Ethnic Germans” in the German Empire and the Weimar Republic." Nationalities Papers 34, no. 4 (2006): 429–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990600841959.

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In 1950, in the aftermath of the Second World War and after flight and expulsion had come to an end, there were about four million Germans still living in East, East Central and Southeast Europe. Between 1950 and 1975, a total of about 800,000 Aussiedler (immigrants who are recognised by the German authorities as being of German descent) passed through the West German border transit camps, and 616,000 more arrived between 1976 and 1987. Then, with the opening of the Iron Curtain, mass immigration of Aussiedler began. Against the background of glasnost and perestroika in the USSR, their numbers

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Seregina, Anna A. "FRG AND GDR IN THE FOCUS OF MODERN WEST GERMAN MEDIA." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 11/12, no. 152 (2024): 46–55. https://doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.11.12.006.

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This article explores the peculiarities of the perception of East Germany in the West German press. Particular attention is paid to the post-unification period, when the eastern states faced difficult processes of adaptation to the new political and economic reality. Despite more than 30 years since the formal unification, East Germans still do not feel that they are full citizens of a unified Germany, as sociological research shows. The paper also analyzes how the West German press covers the problems of East Germany, in particular, the growing popularity of right-wing movements and the Alter

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Alenius, Kari. "Balancing between dissent and conformity: Estonian self-administration under German occupation, 1941–1944." Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies 11, no. 1 (2019): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.53604/rjbns.v11i1_4.

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When Germany attacked the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941, it also conquered the territory of Estonia by the end of the year. The German occupation administration of the new territories ruled by the Germans needed the help of local residents everywhere. For this purpose, a semi-autonomous (or quasi-autonomous) Estonian Self-Administration was established. Similar administrative bodies were established in Latvia, Lithuania and Belarus as well. Based on previous studies, it is known that the Estonian Self-Administration worked closely with the German occupation administration. Thus, it is par

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Martynenko, Volodymyr. "“In many cases, the definition of rags for what they are dressed, is too beautiful”: material support of German refugees from the USSR on the territory of the Reich at the end of the Second World War." European Historical Studies, no. 18 (2021): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.18.08.

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Throughout the fall of 1943 – the spring of 1944 almost the entire German population was taken out of the occupied Soviet territories by the German authorities. The immediate reason for this, as is known, was the loss of strategic initiative on the Eastern Front. By the autumn of 1944, the number of all evacuated ethnic Germans was about 360,000. Most of the German contingent was sent to the territory of Warthegau district. All the rest were in several other regions of Germany. The Warthegau administration began active preparations for the reception of German refugees already in early January

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