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Journal articles on the topic 'Germanic languages – dialects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Naiditch, Larissa. "Palatal consonants in the Mennonite dialect Plautdietch in the light of the development typology of the Ingvaeonic consonantism." Scandinavian Philology 20, no. 2 (2022): 245–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2022.202.

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The paper deals with the system of palatal consonants: /t’/, /d’/, /n’/ in Low German, Prussian dialects of the Mennonites. This dialect was used in the “language islands” of the Ukraine and of several other regions of the Russian state and is today common in the Mennonite communities all around the world: Canada, USA, South America, Germany, Siberia and the Altai region. The research is based on the recent records of these dialects as well as on the data from the dialectal archive of Viktor Schirmunski (Žirmunskij) in St Petersburg. The rendering of the palatal consonants in the questionnaire

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2

Tetty, Marscolia. "Theory of origin of languages." Macrolinguistics and Microlinguistics 1, no. 1 (2020): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/mami.v1n1.2.

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This paper aimed at exploring the theory of the origin of languages. The history of the English language begins with the birth of the English language on the island of Britain about 1,500 years ago. English is a West Germanic language derived from the Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to the island of Britain by Germanic immigrants from parts of the northwest of what is now the Netherlands and Germany. Initially, Old English was a group of dialects reflecting the origins of the various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England. One of these dialects, West Saxon eventually came to dominate. Then the origina

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3

Tang, Chaoju, Vincent J. van Heuven, Wilbert Heeringa, and Charlotte Gooskens. "Chinese “Dialects” and European “Languages”: A Comparison of Lexico-Phonetic and Syntactic Distances." Languages 10, no. 6 (2025): 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages10060127.

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In this article, we tested some specific claims made in the literature on relative distances among European languages and among Chinese dialects, suggesting that some language varieties within the Sinitic family traditionally called dialects are, in fact, more linguistically distant from one another than some European varieties that are traditionally called languages. More generally, we examined whether distances among varieties within and across European language families were larger than those within and across Sinitic language varieties. To this end, we computed lexico-phonetic as well as s

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4

Kozhanov, Kirill. "Finite to Non-finite through Impersonalization." Journal of Language Contact 17, no. 4 (2024): 703–26. https://doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01704004.

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Abstract This study examines the contact-induced emergence of an infinitive in Russian Romani, a northeastern Romani dialect spoken in Russia and neighboring countries. Romani, like other Balkan languages, lacks an infinitival verbal form and instead uses finite subjunctive phrases in complements and purpose clauses. However, in some Romani dialects that have been in contact with infinitival languages (e.g., Slavic, Germanic, Finnish), a new infinitive form has emerged. This new form, derived from the subjunctive, lacks agreement with the controller. Drawing on spoken and literary corpus data,

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Bisiada, Mario. "[R] in Germanic Dialects — Tradition or Innovation?" Vernaculum 1 (November 2, 2009): 83−99. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3549385.

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The quality of [R] in Germanic dialects is one of the most discussed phonological topics in Historical Linguistics, circling around one main question: Was it front or back? Scholars have proposed a back sound arisen through foreign influence as well as a native uvular trill. In this paper, I offer a comparative survey of the available literature, from the earliest superficial comments to modern in-depth dialect analysis, providing a synthesis of the arguments that have been proposed over time. Though no definite answer can ever be found, I provide what I regard to be a plausible answer as the

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6

Denton, Jeannette Marshall. "Reconstructing the articulation of Early Germanic *r." Diachronica 20, no. 1 (2003): 11–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.20.1.04den.

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The seemingly contradictory influences of r on neighboring sounds in the early Germanic languages have fueled controversy over r’s articulation in Proto-Germanic and later dialects. In this paper, we examine a number of these early Germanic sound changes and compare their effects to those observed in recent phonetic studies of the coarticulation of different types of r on adjacent vowels. We conclude that an apical trill and a central approximant r are phonetically the most likely conditioners of the earliest Germanic sound changes, while later changes can be accounted for by rhotics which wer

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7

Schäfer, Lea. "Auxiliary Selection in Yiddish Dialects." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 34, no. 4 (2022): 341–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542722000010.

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The variation of the two past tense auxiliaries (HAVE and BE) is a well-studied phenomenon in European languages, especially in the West Germanic varieties. So far, however, the situation in Eastern Yiddish has not been examined. This paper focuses on auxiliary selection in these Yiddish dialects based on data from the Language and Culture Archive of Ashkenazic Jewry, which were collected in the 1960s. Like most of the current works on this topic, the following analysis uses and discusses Sorace’s (1993, 2000) Auxiliary Selection Hierarchy, which allows to examine the Yiddish structures in lig

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8

Stiles, Patrick. "The Comparative Method, Internal Reconstruction, Areal Norms and the West Germanic Third Person Pronoun." Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 77, no. 1-2 (2017): 410–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340083.

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The paradigms of the third person anaphoric pronoun in West Germanic show a split between Ingvæonic and non-Ingvæonic languages. The Ingvæonic dialects have numerous forms with initialh-, in contrast to non-Ingvæonic, where—corresponding toh-—vocalic ors-onsets are found. This divergence makes it difficult to envisage what the Proto-West Germanic set of forms looked like. The aim is to explore whether it is possible to reconstruct a common West Germanic paradigm from which both types developed. The answer turns out to be ‘yes’, thanks to the crucial evidence of Frisian. The article also reject

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9

Birkenes, Magnus Breder, Jürg Fleischer, and Stephanie Leser-Cronau. "A diachronic and areal typology of agreement in Germanic." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 73, no. 2 (2020): 219–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2020-2002.

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AbstractIn a comparison of a passage from the New Testament (Luke 2:1–2:20), we explore diachronic developments and areal distributions of agreement in Germanic quantitatively by taking into account 33 different Bible versions, spanning from Wulfila’s Gothic version to all modern standard languages and selected dialects. This allows us to establish a thorough typological profile of agreement and its differing developments in Germanic. Our method involves a quantification of all agreement relations, allowing for precise comparisons.

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Nübling, Damaris. "Short verbs in Germanic languages: Tension between reduction and differentiation." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 3 (October 1, 1995): 29–47. https://doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.3.1995.829.

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Extremely short verbs can be found in various Genn::.,nic languages and dialects; the sterns of these verbs do not have a final consonant ((C-)C-V), and they always have a monosyllabic infinitive and usually monosyllabic finite forms as well. Examples for these 'kinds of short verbs are Swiss Gennan hä 'to have', gö 'to go', g~ 'to give', n~ 'to take' which correspond to the Swedish verbs ha, gä, ge and ta. The last example shows that such short verb formations also occur with verbs having (nearly) identical meanings but which do not share the same etymology. Apart from their shortness, these

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Telezhko, G. M. "Research on the Structure of Indo-European Dialect Continuum by Comparing Swadesh Lists of the Closest Descendant Languages." Discourse 8, no. 2 (2022): 124–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-2-124-157.

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Introduction. This article is an attempt to extract information about the interactions of dialects of the Indo-European dialect continuum with each other using a comparative analysis of the basic vocabularies of some Indo-European (IE) descendant languages.The search for external borrowings and influence of a common substrate would help to clarify the ethno-linguistic surrounding of the area where the IE proto-dialects developed.In turn, these data are actual being pro and contra arguments of the well-known hypotheses about the IE ancestral home.Methodology and sources. The number of mutually

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Bacskai-Atkari, Julia. "English relative clauses in a cross-Germanic perspective." Nordlyd 44, no. 1 (2020): 93–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/12.5213.

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The article talk examines the distribution of relativising strategies in English in a cross-Germanic perspective, arguing that English is quite unique among Germanic languages both regarding the number of available options and their distribution. The differences from other Germanic languages (both West Germanic and Scandinavian) are primarily due to the historical changes affecting the case and gender system in English more generally. The loss of case and gender on the original singular neuter relative pronoun facilitated its reanalysis as a complementiser. The effect of the case system can al

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Нorofyanyuk, Inna, та Vladyslav Boryshchuk. "Запозичення як спосіб номінації їжі та напоїв у центральноподільських говірках / Borrowing as a way of nominating food and drinks in the Central Podillya dialect". Acta Academiae Beregsasiensis, Philologica II, № 1 (2023): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.58423/2786-6726/2023-1-102-113.

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The article presents a description and systematization of lexical borrowings in the Central Podillia dialect in 10 settlements of Vinnytsia and Khmelnytskyi regions. The object of study is the Central Podillia dialect, because this area has a high heuristic potential for studing the mechanisms of interlanguage contact: Podillia is located on the border of different states, on the borders of the lands of different peoples, the borders of the Kyiv, Volyn and Halytsky principalities, the Tatar uluses, of the Principality of Lithuania, Poland, Moldova and Turkey, Russia and Austria came together h

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Hill, Eugen. "Suppletion Replication in Grammaticalization and Its Triggering Factors." Language Dynamics and Change 5, no. 1 (2015): 52–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00501003.

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The paper tries to account for several instances of emerging suppletion by establishing a cross-linguistic tendency of suppletion replication in grammaticalization. It can be shown that words which acquire new grammatical functions and therefore enter a different class of lexemes tend to copy suppletion patterns already present in other members of this class. This development can be triggered by factors of different nature, either internal to the language in question or rooted in contact between different languages or dialects of the same language. The suppletion replication tendency is demons

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15

Forner, Werner. "“O l’è stæto sciù d’assettòu”." Linguistik Online 125, no. 1 (2024): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.125.10785.

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Syntagmatic verbs are widespread in Germanic languages. However, they are also present in different varieties of Italian, including Ligurian dialects. Starting from a Genoese corpus extracted from a popular 19th century novel, the author shows their independent status by means of a semantic and syntactic analysis. An appropriate description is currently missing in grammars and dictionaries. Therefore, the author outlines a possible lexicographical treatment.

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16

Wieling, Martijn, Jack Grieve, Gosse Bouma, Josef Fruehwald, John Coleman, and Mark Liberman. "Variation and Change in the Use of Hesitation Markers in Germanic Languages." Language Dynamics and Change 6, no. 2 (2016): 199–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00602001.

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In this study, we investigate crosslinguistic patterns in the alternation between UM, a hesitation marker consisting of a neutral vowel followed by a final labial nasal, and UH, a hesitation marker consisting of a neutral vowel in an open syllable. Based on a quantitative analysis of a range of spoken and written corpora, we identify clear and consistent patterns of change in the use of these forms in various Germanic languages (English, Dutch, German, Norwegian, Danish, Faroese) and dialects (American English, British English), with the use of UM increasing over time relative to the use of UH

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17

Кузьменко, Ю. К. "The Scandinavian Prosodemes." Kalbotyra 36, no. 3 (1985): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/knygotyra.1985.22174.

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The function and phonetic properties of the Scandinavian prosodemes depend on the syllable structure of a language. In those Scandinavian dialects where the moracounting is preserved the tonal distinctions appear to be moric peak accents. In the most Scandinavian dialects and, in standard Swedish and Norwegian (in its both variants) the syllable type being V̄Č ∼ V̆C̄ with interdependence between vowel and consonant length. The tonal and dynamic distinctions here have become syllable accents. The syllable structure of Danish resembles that of the West Germanic languages. The stød in Danish is n

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18

Galitsyna, Elena G. "Common Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) in the Folk Taxonomy of the Germanic and Finno-Permic Languages." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 23, no. 2 (2021): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2021.23.2.038.

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This article deals with folk names (phytonyms) that denote common yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) in two Germanic (English, German) and three Finno-Permic languages (Finnish including Ingrian Finnish dialects, Karelian and Komi). The author analyses the motivations of these folk names and identifies some of the nominative characteristics which the names of this plant can be based upon. Some names belonging to the Germanic languages are also viewed in the diachronic perspective. The research employs the descriptive, contrastive, and comparative methods. The material mainly draws from the follo

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Simon, Zsolt. "Zur Herkunft von leuga." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (2020): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.37.

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SummaryAccording to the communis opinio, Lat. leuga was a Gaulish loanword, survived in the Romance languages and was borrowed into Old English. However, this scenario faces three unsolved problems: the non–Celtic diphthong –eu–, the Proto–Romance form *legua and the fact that the Old English word cannot continue the Latin form on phonological grounds. This paper argues that all these problems can regularly be solved by the reconstructed West Germanic and Gothic cognates of the Old English word borrowed into Gaulish and early Romance dialects, respectively.

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20

Chekin, Peter. "Jean de Joinville and the Old French rhotic consonant." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 134, no. 4 (2018): 985–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2018-0067.

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Abstract Based on textual evidence from Jean de Joinville’s Vie de saint Louis, this article argues that the Old French rhotic consonant /r/ had a dorsal pronunciation for at least some groups of medieval Francophones. This argument counters the prevailing view that medieval French /r/ was uniformly apical, and that the now-standard dorsal pronunciation only emerged in the early modern period. The article then develops the hypothesis that dorsal /r/ came into Old French as a result of Germanic influence, and not as a spontaneous development. For this purpose, it first surveys the current state

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Lundquist, Björn, Ida Larsson, Maud Westendorp, Eirik Tengesdal, and Anders Nøklestad. "Nordic Word Order Database: Motivations, methods, material and infrastructure." Nordic Atlas of Language Structures Journal 4, no. 1 (2019): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/nals.7529.

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In this article, we present the Nordic Word Order Database (NWD), with a focus on the rationale behind it, the methods used in data elicitation, data analysis and the empirical scope of the database. NWD is an online database with a user-friendly search interface, hosted by The Text Laboratory at the University of Oslo, launched in April 2019 (https://tekstlab.uio.no/nwd). It contains elicited production data from speakers of all of the North Germanic languages, including several different dialects. So far, 7 fieldtrips have been conducted, and data from altogether around 250 participants (age

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Smith, Laura Catharine. "Old Frisian." Diachronica 29, no. 1 (2012): 98–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.29.1.04smi.

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For a century, Old Frisian has largely remained in the shadows of its Germanic sister languages. While dictionaries, concordances, and grammars have been readily and widely available for learning and researching other Germanic languages such as Middle High German, Middle Low German and Middle English, whose timelines roughly correspond to that of Old Frisian, or their earlier counterparts, e.g., Old High German, Old Saxon and Old English, few materials have been available to scholars of Old Frisian. Moreover, as Siebunga (Boutkan & Siebunga 2005: vii) notes, “not even all Old Frisian manus

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O’Rourke, Patrick, and Karl Pajusalu. "Livonian features in Estonian dialects." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 7, no. 1 (2016): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2016.7.1.03.

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This article presents linguistic innovations which are typical of both Courland and Salaca Livonian and are also known in the neighbouring Estonian dialect areas. These innovative features are phonological, morphological, and morphosyntactic. The features are present mainly in western and southwestern Estonia, but also more specifically in areas close to the current western border between Estonia and Latvia. This article discusses the nature and chronology of these linguistic features, taking into account their distribution. Broadly spread common features can be mostly explained as inherent in

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Shulʹhach, Viktor Petrovych. "Some Proto-Slavic nomina agentis with the suffix *-ar’ ь (based on appellative and proprial lexis)." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 75, № 2 (2024): 245–55. https://doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2024-0041.

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Abstract The article is devoted to the reconstruction of a fragment of the Proto-Slavic lexical word-formation microsystem – derivatives with the suffix *-аr’ь (nomina agentis). According to researchers, appellatives with this suffix are known in all Slavic languages, but most of all they are characteristic of the lexicons of those Slavic peoples that are adjacent to the Germanic or Romance ethnos. The anthroponymic material at our disposal allowed us to reconstruct more than 200 archetypes which testify to the variety of economic activities and crafts of the Slavs in the past and present. The

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Nijhuis, Floris, John L. A. Huisman, and Roeland van Hout. "Water and Sheep: The Pronunciation and Geographical Distribution of Two Germanic Vowels in the Dialects Around the Former Zuiderzee Area." Languages 10, no. 3 (2025): 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages10030049.

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The Zuiderzee area in the Netherlands is a former inlet sea at the heart of the crossroads of three major regional languages. While these regional languages are largely distinct, previous work by the dialectologist Kloeke indicated similarities due to contact over water, notably the realisation of the Proto-West Germanic vowels *ā and *a. Using various dialectometric methods, we analysed the distribution of these vowels for 121 localities in this region. Specifically, we tried to determine the dialectal landscape more thoroughly, find instances that illustrate cultural diffusion and migration,

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Caria, Marco, and Delia Airoldi. "Le parlate tedesche della Valcanale." Linguistik Online 130, no. 6 (2024): 171–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.129.11154.

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The aim of this article is to give a description of the sociolinguistic situation and of the Carinthian dialects of Valcanale, in the province of Udine. This small valley belonged to Austria until 1919 and was consequently annected to Italy as compensation for the First World War, which resulted in the modification of the languages traditionally spoken in the territory, especially due to Italianization. Nowadays, Valcanale represents the survival of the indigenous Slovenian community, the Germanic component dating back to the period of Bamberg and Austrian domination on the Friulians, who sett

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Shibles, Warren. "The comparative Phonetics of Dutch and its Dialects." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 111-112 (January 1, 1996): 119–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.111-112.06shi.

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Abstract The literature on Dutch phonetics reveals a controversy about certain vowels and consonants. Dictionaries typically do not give phonetics, or if they do, it is not standard IPA, but Dutch-IPA, a personal, or local symbolism. In addition, transcriptions differ. The effect is that the researcher must use questionable symbols and descriptions, and that the language teacher and learner are not provided with a reliable or accessible resource for pronunciation. These difficulties are met here by the attempt to give more careful descriptions of articulations, and consonants. Terms for articu

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Pauthier Moghaddassi, Fanny. "Clashes or Frictions ? Approaches to Linguistic Contact in Medieval Britain." Recherches anglaises et nord-américaines 49, no. 1 (2016): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ranam.2016.1523.

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This paper investigates the implications of word-choices in academic accounts of contacts between different languages and dialects in British medieval history. The history of English can be studied as the result of series of military clashes and invasions (from early Germanic migrations, through Viking raids to the Norman Conquest), but it can also be read as the outcome of long periods of linguistic frictions, in other words of more or less peaceful coexistence between different linguistic groups, mutually influencing each other. Current research, in opposition to nineteenth-century nationali

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qizi, Yoqubova Mahliyo Jabborali. "INFLUENCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE." International Journal Of Literature And Languages 4, no. 2 (2024): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijll/volume04issue02-04.

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English is a West Germanic language that originated from Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Britain in the mid 5th to 7th centuries AD by Anglo-Saxon migrants from what is now northwest Germany, west Denmark and the Netherlands. The language has undergone major changes and developments in its pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and orthography throughout its over 1500 year history. This article provides an overview of the key influences and developments that have shaped the English language into its present global form. It examines the linguistic influences of Celtic, Norse, French, Latin, Gree

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Berces, Katalin Balogne, and Balint Huszthy. "Laryngeal Relativism predicts Italian." Yearbook of the Poznan Linguistic Meeting 4, no. 1 (2018): 153–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/yplm-2018-0007.

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Abstract Two-way laryngeal systems are classified by Laryngeal Realism into [voice] languages (or “L-systems”, e.g., Slavic, Romance) and [spread glottis] ([sg]; or aspiration) languages (or “H-systems”, e.g., the typical Germanic pattern). More recently, Cyran (2014) has proposed Laryngeal Relativism (LR), claiming that phonetic interpretation is arbitrary, and as a result, two phonetically identical systems, even two dialects of a language, may turn out to diverge phonologically. His example is Polish: while Warsaw Polish represents the typical [voice]/L-system, he analyses phonetically iden

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Erbaugh, Mary S. "Ping Chen, Modern Chinese: History and sociolinguistics. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Pp. ix, 229. Hb $59.95, pb $21.95." Language in Society 30, no. 1 (2001): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404501281056.

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China's program of language modernization has been as successful as that of any other nation, yet until Chen's book, we have not had a readable and comprehensive discussion of its reforms. Literacy has risen from about 10% in 1949 to around 80% today. Spoken Chinese dialects, from Cantonese through Hakka to Mandarin, vary as much as do the Germanic languages English, German, and Swedish; so it is a major achievement that 90% of Chinese people can now understand Standard Mandarin, up from 40% in the 1950s (p. 8). The current reforms have roots deep in the 19th century, but Chen discusses how ea

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NECHYTAILO, Iryna. "Onomatopes as motivators of proto-lingual exclusives." Problems of slavonic studies 70 (2021): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sls.2021.70.3740.

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Background. The article is devoted to the semantic and word-formation evolution of Proto-Slavic dialectal verbal onomatopes. Being a linguistic universal, onomatopoeia are realized in words that have a national specifics due to idioethnic characteristics, cul-ture and traditions of the speakers of Slavic languages and dialects. The analysis of on-omatopes was carried out taking into account the attention paid of modern Slavic studies to changes in the semantic structure of the word, their causes and local characteristics. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to study the vocabulary of

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Guermanova, Natalia. "G. HICKES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF GERMANIC STUDIES IN GREAT BRITAIN AT THE END OF THE 17th AND THE BEGINNING OF THE 18th CENTURIES." Lomonosov Journal of Philology, no. 4, 2023 (August 23, 2023): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0075-9-2023-47-04-6.

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The article analyses the contribution of G. Hickes (1642–1715), the author of an Anglo-Saxon grammar and Linguarum vett. septentrionalium thesaurus grammatico-criticus et archæologicus, into the intellectual life of his time. Gathering around him the group of ‘Oxford saxonists’, he promoted the study of the AngloSaxon language and culture, the publication of texts in ancient Germanic languages and their translation into Late Modern English. In the context of the history of comparative linguistics, his works, in which Anglo-Saxon was considered alongside other Germanic languages, testify, in sp

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Chekalina, Elena. "THE CURRENT PROBLEMS OF GERMANIC PHILOLOGY IN THE 21st CENTURY (A Panel Discussion Commemorating the 100th Birth Anniversary of Irina Alexandrovna Yershova)." Lomonosov Journal of Philology 47, no. 6, 2024 (2024): 150–58. https://doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0075-9-2024-47-06-10.

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: The publication contains a survey of the reports presented at the panel held in commemoration of the 100th birth anniversary of the well known Germanist I.A. Yershova, who taught at the Department of Germanic Philology since 1951. Among the panel were professors, teachers and postgraduate students of the Department of Germanic and Celtic Philology, as well as scholars from the Donetsk State University (L.N. Yagupova), the Samara National Research University (S.I. Dubinin) and the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (N.S. Babenko, A.Y. Mankov). The memorial part was de

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Wełna, Jerzy. "The Rise of Standard I (< Me Ich): A Contribution to the Study of Functional Change in English." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 49, no. 3 (2014): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2015-0006.

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Abstract In its post-Norman Conquest development the Old English first person personal pronoun ic underwent transformations which, following the loss of the consonant, finally yielded the contemporary capitalised form I, contrasting with other Germanic languages, which retain a velar sound in the corresponding pronoun. The rather complex change of ich to I involves a loss of the final velar/palatal consonant, lengthening of the original short vowel, and capitalisation of the pronoun. It is argued here that the use of the capital letter was a consequence of vowel lengthening subsequent to the l

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Strobel, Thomas. "Combining formal and functional approaches to variation in (morpho)syntax: Introduction to the special issue." Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 43, no. 1 (2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2024-2002.

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Abstract This special issue examines the question of how both formal(ist) and functional(ist) accounts or elements of theorizing can contribute to the explanation of (morpho)syntactic variation. Are formal and functional approaches really irreconcilable with each other, as often seems to be taken for granted by their respective advocates? It will be argued instead that they are rather complementary and that both can make a valuable contribution to explaining linguistic variation, in synchronic as well as diachronic respects. The integration of ways of looking at a certain phenomenon or problem

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Gillmann, Melitta, and Alexander Werth. "Hybrider Status des sein-Perfekts zwischen stativ- resultativer und perfektischer Lesart." Germanistische Linguistik 55, no. 2 (2024): 181–220. https://doi.org/10.5771/0072-1492-2024-2-181.

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Based on an analysis of historical reference corpora, the paper shows that the active construction consisting of sein + past participle, in conjunction with postural verbs, fulfills different functions that represent different degrees of grammaticalization in an areal-stratified manner. In Upper- German constructions like gesessen sein, gelegen sein etc. have been used for expressing anteriority since the Middle High German period, while in Middle and even more so in Lower German dialects, sein + past participle primarily carries a resultative-stative reading. Here, the construction with sein

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Beyer, Rahel, and Albrecht Plewnia. "German or Not German: That Is the Question! On the Status of the Autochthonous Dialects in East Lorraine (France)." Languages 6, no. 1 (2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6010048.

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The European language world is characterized by an ideology of monolingualism and national languages. This language-related world view interacts with social debates and definitions about linguistic autonomy, diversity, and variation. For the description of border minorities and their sociolinguistic situation, however, this view reaches its limits. In this article, the conceptual difficulties with a language area that crosses national borders are examined. It deals with the minority in East Lorraine (France) in particular. On the language-historical level, this minority is closely related to t

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Chohan, Muhammad Nadeem, and Maria Isabel Maldonado García. "Phonemic Comparison of English and Punjabi." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 4 (2019): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n4p347.

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English and Punjabi are languages which do not belong to the same families of languages. English is one of the West Germanic languages whereas; Punjabi is a part of the Indo-Aryan family. Punjabi is spoken by various nations on the globe, especially Pakistan and its province Punjab as well as in Indian Panjab. Both English and Punjabi manifest themselves through various dialects on the basis of diversified geographical areas. English is used as the first language by 379,007,140 speakers and further 753,359,540 speakers use it as a second language in more than 104 nations. So, the total speaker

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Zachariassen, Ditte. "Pushing the limits of V2." Scandinavian Studies in Language 14, no. 1 (2023): 30–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/sss.v14i1.142624.

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   Studies of urban dialects in the Germanic languages show a development where the otherwise strict V2 syntax rules are supplemented with V3 syntax in specific syntactic and social contexts. Based on recordings of naturally occurring interaction in multilingual areas of Aarhus, Denmark, this paper adds to existing research with an interactional collection analysis of actions supporting V3. It describes six structural subtypes of V3 characterised by different adverbial and object material in first position and shows how the subtypes are connected to three interactional resour

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Арский, А. А. "The history of the development of the German language and its dialects: the influence of regional features on learning." Management of Education 13, no. 10-2(69) (2023): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25726/w0409-9025-0699-w.

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Изучение языков и их исторического развития является ключевым фактором в понимании социокультурных динамик. Немецкий язык, с его многообразными диалектами и историческими корнями, представляет собой идеальный случай для анализа. Этот язык служит в качестве микрокосмоса для изучения взаимоотношений между языком, идентичностью и региональными особенностями. Археологические и этнографические данные, а также языковые заимствования у древних финнов и лапландцев, указывают на формирование племен, являющихся прародителями германцев, около 3000 г. до н. э. на побережье Северного и Балтийского морей. И

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FILPPULA, MARKKU. "The rise of it-clefting in English: areal-typological and contact-linguistic considerations." English Language and Linguistics 13, no. 2 (2009): 267–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674309003025.

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Recent areal and typological research has brought to light several syntactic features which English shares with the Celtic languages as well as some of its neighbouring western European languages, but not with (all of) its Germanic sister languages, especially German. This study focuses on one of them, viz. the so-called it-cleft construction. What makes the it-cleft construction particularly interesting from an areal and typological point of view is the fact that, although it does not belong to the defining features of so-called Standard Average European (SAE), it has a strong presence in Fre

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Comunello, Diletta. "I VERBI SINTAGMATICI IN PARLANTI DI ITALIANO L1, L2 E BILINGUI: UN’INDAGINE SPERIMENTALE." Nasledje Kragujevac XIX, no. 51 (2022): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/naskg2251.127c.

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The article investigates the use of Particle Verbs (PV) by different types of speakers: Italian L1 speakers, Italian L2 speakers with German mother tongue (L2ers) and bilingual speakers of Italian and Trentino dialects. After outlining the state of the art in the research on PV and the theoretical framework (section 1), the main differences, among PV in Italian, its dia- lects and Germanic languages, are highlighted (section 2). The differences are, as follows: the extension of the phenomenon, the semantic meanings, and the syntax of the construction. These three categories have been taken int

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Liebert, E. A. "Variation of <i>k’</i> / <i>t’</i> as a Characteristic Feature of the German Mennonites Language in Siberia." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 21, no. 2 (2023): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2023-21-2-55-62.

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The article is based on the material of one of the Germanic languages represented in Siberia, known in the world as Plautdietsch or the Low German language (dialect) of the Mennonites. One of the striking features of the Plautdietsch consonant system is considered – the variation of the k’/t’ sound types in certain positions in the word, primarily in combination with the vowels of the front row (k’int / t’int ‘child’, k’oak’ / t’oat’ ‘church’), as well as in some consonant combinations (for example, drin’k’ә / drin’t’ә to ‘drink’, ma:lk’ / ma:lt’ ‘milk’). The use of k’ or t’, respectively, was

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de Vaan, Michiel. "Another Frisianism in Coastal Dutch: Traam, Treem, Triem ‘Crossbeam’." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 22, no. 4 (2010): 315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542710000085.

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The dialect geography and etymology of Dutch, Frisian, and German trVm(e) ‘crossbeam’ suggest that western Dutch triem continues West Germanic +‑ǣ-, which underwent vowel raising to /i./ as in Frisian. Thus, Dutch traam beside triem belongs to an established group of Standard Dutch words showing /a./ next to /i./ from West Germanic +‑ǣ-, such as schraal vs. schriel. It is argued that the survival of words in /i./ in the coastal dialects of Dutch fits into recent theories that Standard Dutch is the result of language contact between medieval Frisian and Franconian.*

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Trudgill, Peter. "English Dialect “Default Singulars,” Was versus Were, Verner's Law, and Germanic Dialects." Journal of English Linguistics 36, no. 4 (2008): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0075424208325040.

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Марцева, Татьяна Александровна, and Юрий Викторович Кобенко. "The History of the English Language Origin as a Clue to Understanding its Current Status." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 4(234) (July 18, 2024): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2024-4-75-83.

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В работе проводятся параллели между этапами исторического развития английского языка, формировавшегося в условиях многоязычия, и его статусом языка-макропосредника в современном мире. Исследование проводится при использовании двух ключевых методов: сравнительно-исторического, позволяющего проследить развитие английского языка в диахроническом разрезе и во взаимодействии с другими контактными идиомами, существовавшими в анизотропии языковой ситуации того времени, и диалектического, направленного на выделение таких контрадикторных направлений эволюции его языковой системы, как интеграция и дезин

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Hall, Tracy Alan. "The Realization of West Germanic +[sk] in Low German." Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 143, no. 1 (2021): 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgsl-2021-0001.

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Abstract The present study investigates the multiple reflexes of historical +[sk] clusters in Low German (Westphalian/Northern Low German) dialects. Original descriptions of over thirty varieties of those dialects spoken between the end of the 19th century to the present day reveal that there are a number of realizations of [sk] (e. g. [sk], [sx], [sç], [ʃx], [ʃç], [s]), whose occurrence depends on both the position within a word (initial, medial, final) and geography (the location of the dialect within a broad region in northwest Germany). The synchronic patterns are argued to reflect a serie

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Murray, Robert W. "Early Germanic Syllable Structure Revisited." Diachronica 8, no. 2 (1991): 201–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.8.2.04mur.

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SUMMARY This paper discusses four approaches to the reconstruction of the early Germanic syllabication of VCRV and VCRV sequences; A) Murray & Vennemann (1983) and Murray (1988), B) Barrack (1989), C) Dresher & Lahiri (1991), and D) Liberman (1990). Approach A develops a two-stage analysis involving Proto-Germanic VC$RV and V$CR$(R)V in accordance with Sievers' Law and subsequent reduction of V$CR$(R)V to VC$RV in the early dialects (with some dialect-specific variation). These syllabications provide the basis for a treatment of important phonological changes in early Germanic on the b

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Hartmann, Frederik, and Chiara Riegger. "The Burgundian language and its phylogeny." NOWELE / North-Western European Language Evolution 75, no. 1 (2022): 42–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/nowele.00062.har.

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Abstract The Burgundian language is one of several smaller early Germanic languages that are scarcely attested and often under-researched. Moreover, it is commonly classified as an ‘East Germanic’ language, forming a Germanic subgroup alongside Northwest Germanic. This paper investigates Burgundian in detail in order to establish the most complete phonology and morphology that is currently possible with the current data base. Furthermore, we examine the linguistic relationships of Burgundian with other Germanic languages, with a focus on Gothic in particular. Our findings suggest that Burgundi

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