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Journal articles on the topic 'Germans Germany Tanzania'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Milej, Tomasz P. "Striking the Right Balance Between the Interests of the Foreign Investors and the Host State – A Case Study of the Tanzania-Germany BIT 50 Years After Its Conclusion." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 25, no. 1 (February 2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2017.0179.

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Fifty years ago, Tanzania and Germany concluded a bilateral investment treaty (BIT). The main features of this BIT differ from what is common today. The article examines the adequacy of the Treaty's stipulations against the backdrop of the controversies which the conclusion of the BITs has recently sparked in developing states and in Tanzania in particular. It discusses the nexus between the conclusion of the BITs and the inflow of foreign investments. As there is a general feeling among Tanzanian scholars that the BITs are too favourable to investors at the expense of local firms and legitimate policy objectives of the host state, various claims have been made with respect to the content of the investment treaties. Taking the Tanzania-Germany BIT as a case study, the article analyses these claims in the context of a global debate on the relationship between the need for the protection of foreign investors and sustainable development objectives. Finally, the future of the Tanzania-Germany BIT is discussed in the light of the post-Lisbon EU approach to the investment policy.

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2

Sunseri, Thaddeus. "Majimaji and the Millennium: Abrahamic Sources and the Creation of a Tanzanian Resistance Tradition." History in Africa 26 (January 1999): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172146.

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Writing thirty years ago the historian of the Majimaji rebellion, Gilbert Gwassa, emphasized the purely Tanzanian nature of the uprising, as seen in the ideology which he believed was the inspiration for the widespread war against German colonialism. To Gwassa, southern Tanzanians created an innovative, secular ideology after the turn of the twentieth century which enabled Africans to resist German colonialism supra-ethnically rather than locally. Gwassa was adamant that the Majimaji ideology owed nothing to outside influences.Gwassa's contention has been largely unchallenged despite obvious paradoxes. Majimaji emerged in a region widely permeated with Islamic influences by 1905, the time of the rebellion. Moreover, the Christian colonial power structure had been present in the outbreak region for some twenty years by 1905, while Christian missionaries had been active in Tanzania for almost forty years. By the time the Majimaji historical tradition was being written in Tanzania in the 1960s, the nation included many Muslims and Christians, including many of Gwassa's research informants, who helped shape his interpretation of Majimaji. Aside from these circumstantial suggestions of the possibility of an externally-influenced Majimaji tradition, a close reading of archival sources from the German period, including several documents which have not been considered in the historiographical tradition, suggest that Christian and Islamic influences helped to shape the writing of Majimaji, if not the resistance movement itself. This paper will examine some of these “Abrahamic” sources of the Majimaji tradition, and consider how they might have been used to formulate a Majimaji epic which has become a standard icon of early African colonial history.

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LeGall, Yann. "Songea Mbano and the ‘halfway dead’ of the Majimaji War (1905–7) in memory and theatre." Human Remains and Violence 6, no. 2 (October 2020): 4–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/hrv.6.2.2.

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Debates on the relevance of repatriation of indigenous human remains are water under the bridge today. Yet, a genuine will for dialogue to work through colonial violence is found lacking in the European public sphere. Looking at local remembrance of the Majimaji War (1905–7) in the south of Tanzania and a German–Tanzanian theatre production, it seems that the spectre of colonial headhunting stands at the heart of claims for repatriation and acknowledgement of this anti-colonial movement. The missing head of Ngoni leader Songea Mbano haunts the future of German–Tanzanian relations in heritage and culture. By staging the act of post-mortem dismemberment and foregrounding the perspective of descendants, the theatre production Maji Maji Flava offers an honest proposal for dealing with stories of sheer colonial violence in transnational memory.

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Voelker, Hans-Ullrich, Laura Poetzl, Annette Strehl, Hans-Konrad Mueller-Hermelink, Ansgar Stuefe, and Gerhard Stauch. "Telepathological evaluation of paediatric histological specimens in support of a hospital in Tanzania." African Health Sciences 20, no. 3 (October 7, 2020): 1313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i3.37.

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Background/Objective: In a project of telepathology (TP) between German pathologists and a hospital in Tanzania, trained technical assistants have uploaded digital histological images onto the internet-based platform ipath. The diagnoses from 486 paediatric specimens were analysed. Methods: The investigation included diagnoses, either primarily done via TP or secondarily after a further workup of the paraffin-embedded tissue, which was sent to Germany for cases which could not be solved via TP. In the latter, the initial TP-diagnoses were compared with the results after re-evaluation. Results: The median age was 11 years. The cohort comprised 390 benign diseases (80.2%) and 96 malignant diseases (19.8%). For benign diseases, the most frequent anatomic sites were lymph nodes, skin, and soft tissue, breast, and head&- neck. Frequent diagnoses were non-specific inflammations and benign tumors. In malignant diseases, the most sites were lymph nodes, skin, soft tissue, head&neck, and ovary and the most frequent diseases sarcomas and lymphomas. The paraffin embedded tissue of 179 cases (36.3%) was shipped to Germany. With the concordance analysis, we could discover the man- datory necessity for the possibility of second opinion in difficult cases. Conclusion: An exclusively TP-support cannot meet all requirements of modern medical diagnostics. The education of local pathologists is imperative. Keywords: Telepathology; low income country; ipath; paediatric.

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5

SUNSERI, THADDEUS. "FAMINE AND WILD PIGS: GENDER STRUGGLES AND THE OUTBREAK OF THE MAJIMAJI WAR IN UZARAMO (TANZANIA)." Journal of African History 38, no. 2 (July 1997): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853796006937.

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Late in 1907 a missionary from Kisserawe in German East Africa complained of a spate of ngoma ritual dances among the Zaramo people. In particular he singled out an ngoma conducted by women to ameliorate a drought that was threatening that year's maize crop. As the women danced around a well, dressed as men and brandishing muskets, they appealed for rain from ‘their god’. Several aspects of this ngoma make it remarkable. It occurred following the Majimaji uprising in German East Africa, which the Germans put down with such violence as to make war as a tactic of resistance unpopular if not untenable. The ngoma was attended by Christian and non-Christian African women alike, suggesting a purpose whose expediency cut across competing belief systems. Finally, although cross-dressing was an aspect of certain Zaramo rituals, the symbolic appropriation of men's social roles by dress and wielding of weapons made this ngoma anomalous and suggests that the participants were consciously and purposefully reshaping gender roles at this time. The timing and symbolism of the ngoma make it clear that it was a reaction to the threat of famine, which had become a recurrent aspect of Zaramo life by 1907 and a symptom of ongoing rural social change ushered in by colonial rule. The larger question is whether changing perceptions of gender roles intersected with the Majimaji war (1905–7), and whether Majimaji had an underlying meaning for rural Tanzanian societies that has escaped the attention of historians. If so, it suggests that the prevailing conception of Majimaji needs to be questioned and re-examined.

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6

Pallaver, Karin. "The German Maps at the East Africana Collection, University Library of Dar Es Salaam." History in Africa 33 (2006): 495–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2006.0019.

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The documents originated by the German colonial administration in German East Africa are located in two main archives: the Tanzania National Archives in Dar es Salaam, where they are identified under the name “German Records,” and the Bundesarchiv in Berlin, where they are collected under the classification R 1001. This note aims to provide some general information regarding a part of the German Records, referred to as “German Maps,” which is collected at the University Library of Dar es Salaam.The German Records are a part of the holdings of the Tanzania National Archives, which also include the records of the British administration and various documents of the post-independence period. The German Records are a very well-known source for the history of the German presence in East Africa and they can be divided in two main categories: the documents of the Central Administration, cataloged with the numbers G 1-G 65, and the Private Archives, with the classification G 66-G 86. These records are very well cataloged and easily accessible thanks to the work of archival reorganization done by Peter Geissler between 1967 and 1969. His work was published in 1973 in a two-volume guide with the title Das Deutsch-Ostafrika-Archiv: Inventar der Abteilung “German Records” in Nationalarchiv der vereinigten Republik Tansania, Dar es Salaam. This guide offers a very useful overview of the records of the German colonial administration and is available for consultation in the Reading Room of the Tanzania National Archives. Also available in the Reading Room is a manual catalog which, in some cases, could be helpful in finding some documents that, owing to print errors in the edited catalog, have become difficult to find.

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7

Montgomery, Max. "Colonial Legacy of Gender Inequality: Christian Missionaries in German East Africa." Politics & Society 45, no. 2 (May 15, 2017): 225–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032329217704432.

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Why does sub-Saharan Africa exhibit the highest rates of gender inequality in the world? This article evaluates the contributions of Christian missionary societies in German East Africa to current socioeconomic gender inequalities in Tanzania. Previous studies ascribe a comparatively benign long-term effect of missionary societies, in particular of the Protestant denomination, on economic, developmental, and political outcomes. This article contrasts that perception by focusing on the wider cultural impact of the civilizing mission in colonial Africa. The analysis rests on a novel georeferenced dataset on German East Africa—based on digitized colonial maps and extensive historical records available in the German colonial archives—and the most recently available DHS-surveys. The results highlight the formative role of Catholic missionary societies in German East Africa in shaping gender inequalities currently witnessed in Tanzania.

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Petry, K. U., U. Scholz, B. Hollwitz, R. Von Wasielewski, and C. J. L. M. Meijer. "Human papillomavirus, coinfection with Schistosoma hematobium, and cervical neoplasia in rural Tanzania." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 13, no. 4 (2003): 505–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200307000-00015.

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Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women in Tanzania and other countries in tropical Africa. Genital schistosomiasis has been proposed as a possible cofactor in the genesis of this malignant disease that might contribute to its high incidence in regions where bilharzias is endemic. One hundred nine Tanzanian patients from an area with endemic bilharzias who were transferred to a gynecologic out-patient clinic were age-matched with 109 German controls. In patients and controls, separate samples were taken for cytologic assessment and human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection using the Hybrid Capture 2 assay (HC2) and PCR (GP5+/6 +). Samples that tested positive for HPV DNA with general primers were re-tested with HPV type-specific primers. After application of 3% acetic acid, punch biopsies were taken from any cervical lesion. Patients were interviewed for recent symptoms or clinical history suggestive of bilharzias. Urine samples from all patients were examined for the presence of schistosoma hematobium ova. Additionally six Tanzanian patients with invasive cervical cancer were included for separate analysis. Patients and controls had an identical prevalence of HPV-DNA (21.5%) using HC2. Based on PCR results with general primers, the corresponding prevalence was 34.5% for Tanzanian cases and 26.9% for German controls. A history suggestive of bilharzias and/or active schistosomiasis were associated with a significantly increased risk for infection with high-risk HPV types. We conclude that infection with Schistosoma hematobium seems to favor persistent genital HPV infection either by traumatizing the genital epithelium and/or by local immunosuppression.

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Löser, Hannes. "Early Cretaceous (Late Valanginian-Aptian) coral faunas from East Africa (Tanzania, Kenya) and revision of the Dietrich collection (Berlin, Germany)." Palaeontographica Abteilung A 285, no. 1-3 (October 14, 2008): 23–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/pala/285/2008/23.

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10

Heinrich, W. D., R. Bussert, M. Aberhan, O. Hampe, S. Kapilima, E. Schrank, S. Schultka, et al. "The German-Tanzanian Tendaguru Expedition 2000." Fossil Record 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-4-223-2001.

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The celebrated fossil locality of Tendaguru (Tanzania, East Africa) has been well known for its unique Late Jurassic dinosaur assemblages since the early decades of the 20th century. Recently, within the scope of the German-Tanzanian Tendaguru project, an expedition returned to Tendaguru with the aim of collecting microvertebrates, micro- and macroinvertebrates, plant fossils and new sedimentological and stratigraphical data. Applying a multidisciplinary research approach, the data collected were used to address various controversial issues regarding the Tendaguru Beds. These include their exact age, depositional environments and reconstructions of the palaeoecosystems in which the dinosaurs lived. <br><br> Field work resulted in a new standard section for the Tendaguru Beds. Preliminary biostratigraphic results, based on ammonites, charophytes and palynomorphs, support a Late Kimmeridgian age for the <i>Nerinea</i> Bed, an early Tithonian age for the <i>Trigonia smeei</i> Bed, and an Early Cretaceous (possibly Valanginian to Hauterivian) age for the <i>Trigonia schwarzi</i> Bed. Facies analysis of the Tendaguru Beds indicates environments ranging from storm- and tide-influenced, siliciclastic coastal barrier systems, ooid sand bar complexes and backbarrier tidal flats to sabkha-like coastal plains with brackish lakes and pools. Sedimentological indicators of palaeoclimate and palynological data point to a subtropical to tropical climate with pronounced dry seasons. In concert with sedimentological data, quantitative palaeoecological analysis of macroinvertebrates helped to finetune understanding of environmental factors such as substrate conditions, salinity, sedimentation rate and water depth. Along with abundant microvertebrate remains and fragments of fusain and cuticles, these new data have considerably improved our knowledge of the fauna and flora found in the Tendaguru Beds, and provide a solid basis for developing a better understanding of the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous Tendaguru palaeoecosystems. <br><br> To put the German-Tanzanian Tendaguru expedition in perspective, a brief review of previous activities is given and future research objectives are outlined. <br><br> Die berühmte Fossilfundstätte Tendaguru (Tansania, Ostafrika) ist seit Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts weltweit für ihre Dinosaurier aus der späten Jura-Zeit bekannt. Im Rahmen des Deutsch-Tansanischen Tendaguru Projekts fand im August und September 2000 eine Expedition in die Umgebung des Tendaguru-Hügels statt. Ziel der Expedition war es, umfangreiche Fossilaufsammlungen von Mikrovertebraten, Mikro- und Makroinvertebraten und pflanzlichen Fossilien durchzuführen und neue sedimentologische und stratigraphische Daten aufzunehmen. Unter Anwendung eines interdisziplinären Forschungsansatzes wurden mit den gesammelten Daten verschiedene, bisher kontrovers diskutierte Aspekte der Tendaguru-Schichten untersucht. Offene Fragen umfassten die genaue Alterseinstufung, eine Interpretation der Ablagerungsräume und die Rekonstruktion der Paläoökosysteme, in denen die Dinosaurier lebten. <br><br> Die erste Auswertung der Geländedaten führte zu einem neuen Standardprofil für die Tendaguru-Schichten. Vorläufige biostratigraphische Ergebnisse, die auf Ammoniten, Charophyten und Palynomorphen basieren, sprechen für ein Ober-Kimmeridgium Alter der Nerineen Schicht, Unteres Tithonium für die <i>Trigonia smeei</i> Schicht und Untere Kreide (möglicherweise Valanginium bis Hauterivium) für die <i>Trigonia schwarzi</i> Schicht. Die Lebens- und Ablagerungsräume der Tendaguru-Schichten reichten von sturm- und gezeitenbeeinflussten, küstennahen, siliziklastischen Barrieresystemen und Kalkooid-Barren über ausgedehnte Wattflächen bis zu sabkha-artigen Küstenebenen mit brackischen Seen und Tümpeln. Sedimentologische Anzeiger des Paläoklimas und palynologische Daten sprechen für ein subtropisches bis tropisches Klima mit ausgeprägten Trockenzeiten. Im Verbund mit sedimentologischen Daten ermöglicht die quantitative paläoökologische Analyse der Makroinvertebraten eine genauere Charakterisierung wichtiger physikalischer Umweltparameter wie Substrateigenschaften. Salinität. Sedimentationsrate und Bathymetrie. Zusammen mit den häufig vorkommenden Mikrovertebraten und Bruchstücken von Fusit und Cuticulen haben diese neu gewonnenen Daten die Kenntnisse über die Faunen und Floren der Tendaguru-Schichten erheblich erweitert und liefern die Basis für ein besseres Verständnis der in den Ablagerungen dokumentierten Ökosysteme aus Jura- und Kreidezeit. <br><br> Neben einem kurzen Abriss der Forschungsgeschichte werden die für die Zukunft geplanten Forschungsaktivitäten dargestellt. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20010040113" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.20010040113</a>

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Heinrich, Wolf-Dieter, Robert Bussert, Martin Aberhan, Oliver Hampe, Saidi Kapilima, Eckart Schrank, Stephan Schultka, et al. "The German-Tanzanian Tendaguru Expedition 2000." Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Geowissenschaftliche Reihe 4, no. 1 (November 5, 2001): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.4860040113.

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12

Alexander, Verena, Silke Benner, Eike Fesefeldt, Evelyn Oltmanns, and Melanie Rischke. "Exchange Program between Judges / Prosecutors from Germany and Tanzania." Recht in Afrika 22, no. 1 (2019): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6270-2019-1-120.

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13

Maige, Issa. "What can the Tanzania Judicial System learn from Germany?" Recht in Afrika 22, no. 2 (2019): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6270-2019-2-235.

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14

Mihanjo, Eginald P. A. N., and Oswald Masebo. "Maji Maji War, Ngoni Warlords and Militarism in Southern Tanzania." Journal of African Military History 1, no. 1-2 (September 6, 2017): 41–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24680966-00101004.

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As we come to an end of the celebration of a centenary and ten years since the end of the Maji Maji War against German colonialism, it is apparently clear that the historiography on the Maji Maji War focuses on appreciation of the Ngoni heroism against German cruelty and colonialism, as well as the loss of life caused by hunger, casualties of the war and German atrocities. It is however, noted that this view of nationalist historiography is outdated and needs to be corrected because it has outlived its usefulness as local histories and identities reveal the Ngoni atrocities, militarism, and wars against local inhabitants similar to the German rule between 1850–1890s. The nationalist historiography, like colonial historiography, pays little attention to history of victims, rather is the story of powerful state formation, states, and statism. In the nationalist case, historical investigations pay little attention on the Ngoni aggression and plunder or on this aggression’s effects on the conditions of life and the demographic dynamics on Lake Nyasa area and East to Indian Ocean from 1850s to 1907. In particular, these wars had a profound effect on the shaping of relations between 1850s and 1907. The article analyses war, militarism, and atrocities of the Ngoni on the conditions of life in East Lake Nyasa to Indian Ocean region between 1850 and 1907. The article demonstrates that during this period the people of area were harassed by Ngoni attacks and slave trade conflicts which disrupted their ways of life. And that after the German subdual of the regional powers including the Ngoni, Yao and Arab traders, relative peace and stability were restored briefly until the Maji Maji war brought further war calamities, instability and confusions. All in all, the Ngoni warlordism and militarism played large part in shaping history of modern southern Tanzania.

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Pearson, P. N., and W. Hudson. "Early Cenozoic tropical climate: report from the Tanzania Onshore Paleogene Integrated Coring (TOPIC) workshop." Scientific Drilling 18 (December 22, 2014): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-18-13-2014.

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Abstract. We are currently developing a proposal for a new International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) project to recover a stratigraphic and paleoclimatic record from the full succession of Eocene hemipelagic sediments that are now exposed on land in southern Tanzania. Funding for a workshop was provided by ICDP, and the project was advertised in the normal way. A group of about 30 delegates assembled in Dar-es-Salaam for 3 intensive days of discussion, project development, and proposal writing. The event was hosted by the Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation (TPDC) and was attended by several geologists, geochemists, geophysicists, and micropaleontologists from TPDC and the University of Dar-es-Salaam. International delegates were from Canada, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States (and we also have project partners from Australia, Belgium, and Sweden who were not able to attend). Some of the scientists are veterans of previous scientific drilling in the area, but over half are new on the scene, mostly having been attracted by Tanzania's reputation for world-class paleoclimate archives. Here we outline the broad aims of the proposed drilling and give a flavor of the discussions and the way our proposal developed during the workshop. A video of the workshop with an introduction to the scientific goals and interviews of many of the participants is available at http://vimeo.com/107911777.

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GLOWSKA, ELIZA, ANNA DRAGUN-DAMIAN, and JACEK DABERT. "A new quill mite Syringophiloidus pseudonigritae sp. nov. (Prostigmata, Syringophilidae) parasitizing Pseudonigrita arnaudi (Passeriformes, Ploceidae)—a combined description using morphology and DNA barcode data." Zootaxa 3532, no. 1 (October 31, 2012): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3532.1.5.

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A new quill mite species Syringophiloidus pseudonigritae sp. nov. is described using a combination of morphological dataand COI sequence data. The mite was found parasitizing a Grey-headed Social-Weaver Pseudonigrita arnaudi (Bonaparte) (Passeriformes, Ploceidae), which was captured in Tanzania and died in a German aviary.

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17

Burton, Eric. "Navigating global socialism: Tanzanian students in and beyond East Germany." Cold War History 19, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2018.1485146.

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Lavergne, Rose-Anne, Florent Morio, Loïc Favennec, Stéphane Dominique, Jacques F. Meis, Gilles Gargala, Paul E. Verweij, and Patrice Le Pape. "First Description of Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Due to TR46/Y121F/T289A Mutation in France." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 7 (April 27, 2015): 4331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00127-15.

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ABSTRACTAzole resistance inAspergillus fumigatusis an emerging public health concern. Recently, a novel fungicide-driven mutation in thecyp51Agene and its promoter, TR46/Y121F/T289A, leading to high-level resistance to voriconazole has been identified in The Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Denmark, Tanzania, and India in both clinical and environmental samples. Here we report the first description ofA. fumigatuscarrying this mutation in France, in a cystic fibrosis patient, underlining the need for extensive monitoring ofAspergillusresistance.

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Rushohora, Nancy. "German Colonial Missionaries and the Majimaji Memorials in Southern Tanzania." Journal of Social History 50, no. 3 (2017): 481–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shw042.

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Weiss, Jürgen M., Otmar Bauer, Albrecht Blüthgen, Annika K. Ludwig, Elke Vollersen, Malise Kaisi, Safaa Al-Hasani, Klaus Diedrich, and Michael Ludwig. "Distribution of persistent organochlorine contaminants in infertile patients from Tanzania and Germany." Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 23, no. 9-10 (October 4, 2006): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10815-006-9069-6.

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Mwanzia, Dorothy Kanini, Peace Zowa, Dennis Achoki, Ozotta Ogochukwu, Chioma Onwumelu, and Antony Hiuhu Mwangi. "Student Zone." Leading Edge 40, no. 1 (January 2021): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle40010074.1.

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More than 80 young professionals and students from around the world attended the 1st Virtual African Young Professionals and Students Geoscience Week, which took place 21–26 September 2020. Participants were from Argentina, Brazil, Congo, Germany, Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Malawi, Mexico, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Ukraine, the United States, and Zimbabwe. Figure 1 shows a distribution map of the represented locations. A total of 12 speakers presented on a variety of interesting topics throughout the week.

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Fischer, Moritz. "'The Spirit helps us in our weakness': Charismatization of Worldwide Christianity and the Quest for an Appropriate Pneumatology with Focus on the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Tanzania." Journal of Pentecostal Theology 20, no. 1 (2011): 95–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174552511x554573.

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AbstractThe globally mushrooming Pentecostal-charismatic movement is a challenge, not only for the so-called mainline or historic churches, but also for the older traditional Pentecostal churches and also for the Mission Churches in the southern hemisphere who originate in the two former mentioned contributions in mission. Mostly these southern churches are independent in the meanwhile, but struggling for an authentic theological identity which is based in the scripture but is also able to respond to the questions of cultural and post-modern identity in the era of globalization. Focusing these developments in the multi-denominational and culturally diverse country of Tanzania might methodologically be a help as an example in a more and more complex world to avoid simplifying answers. My ecumenical concern is rooted in the insight that open culturally and socially diverse Christians all over the world are challenged to learn from each other in mutuality. What can I as a western German Lutheran learn from North American Pentecostals or from Tanzanian Christian believers? What could be my contribution to both of them especially concerning the question for a worldwide appropriate pneumatology?

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Spear, Thomas, and Juhani Koponen. "Development for Exploitation: German Colonial Policies in Mainland Tanzania, 1884-1914." American Historical Review 101, no. 5 (December 1996): 1594. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2170290.

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Giblin, James L., and Juhani Koponen. "Development for Exploitation: German Colonial Policies in Mainland Tanzania, 1884-1914." International Journal of African Historical Studies 30, no. 3 (1997): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220631.

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Carlson, Andrew R., and Juhani Kopenen. "Development for Exploitation. German Colonial Policies in Mainland Tanzania, 1884-1914." German Studies Review 20, no. 2 (May 1997): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1431971.

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SUNSERI, T. "Development for Exploitation: German colonial policies in mainland Tanzania, 1884-1914." African Affairs 96, no. 382 (January 1, 1997): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a007816.

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Arratia, G., J. Kriwet, and W. D. Heinrich. "Selachians and actinopterygians from the Upper Jurassic of Tendaguru, Tanzania." Fossil Record 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20020050112.

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Abstract. The first Late Jurassic selachian and actinopterygian fishes of Tendaguru in Tanzania were collected by the German-Tendaguru expedition in 1909–1913. They are represented mainly by occasional teeth of a neoselachian (Sphenodus) and several specimens of a neopterygian (Lepidotes). New material collected by the German-Tanzanian Tendaguru expedition in 2000 includes additional selachians recovered from clay stones at site Dwa 5a and isolated actinopterygian remains. At least three hybodonts (Hybodus sp., Hybodontidae indet., Lonchidion sp.) and a new neoselachian batoid are presented here. This assemblage is endemic to Tendaguru. A new batoid genus and species, Engaibatis schultzei, is described, which is the oldest record of a ray from Gondwana. The actinopterygians are represented by scarce and disarticulated scales of Lepidotes, "pholidophoriform"-like scales, and teleostean vertebrae. This material includes new biogeographic records for Africa. In addition, a synopsis of Jurassic fishes from Africa is presented. Die Fischfauna aus dem Oberjura von Tendaguru ist bisher nur unzureichend bekannt. Das erste Material, das von der Deutschen Tendaguru-Expedition (1909–1913) gesammelt wurde, besteht fast nur aus einigen wenigen isolierten Zähne des Haies Sphenodus und mehreren Exemplaren des Actinopterygiers Lepidotes. Neue Funde, die während der Deutsch-Tansanischen-Tendaguru-Expedition im Jahre 2000 geborgen wurden, erlauben es, mehrere Taxa zu beschreiben, die aus dem Oberjura Afrikas noch nicht bekannt waren. Anhand von Zähnen konnten mindestens drei zu den ursprünglichen Hybodontiern zählende Taxa (Hybodus sp., Hybodontidae indet., Lonchidion sp.) nachgewiesen sowie ein für Tendaguru neuer Rochen (Engaibatis schultzei n. gen. and n. sp.) festgestellt werden. Actinopterygier sind durch wenige und disartikulierte Schuppen von Lepidotes und einer "pholidophoriden"-ähnlichen Form sowie durch Wirbel von Teleosteern vertreten. Das neue Material gibt wichtige Hinweise auf die paläobiogeographische Verbreitung der spätjurassischen Fische. Es wird ein Überblick über die bisher bekannten jurassischen Fischfaunen Afrikas gegeben. doi:10.1002/mmng.20020050112x

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Willoughby, Pamela R., Katie M. Biittner, Pastory M. Bushozi, and Jennifer M. Miller. "A German Rifle Casing and Chief Mkwawa of the Wahehe: the Colonial and Post-Colonial Significance of Mlambalasi Rockshelter, Iringa Region, Tanzania." Journal of African Archaeology 17, no. 1 (July 9, 2019): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21915784-20190004.

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Abstract During the 2010 excavations of Mlambalasi rockshelter, Iringa Region, Tanzania, a single rifle bullet casing was recovered. Analysis of this casing found that it was manufactured in 1877 at the munitions factory in Danzig for the German infantry’s Mauser 71 rifle. This casing is thus directly linked to the period of German colonization of Tanganyika, during which Iringa was a key centre of anti-colonial resistance. Mlambalasi was the location of the last stand of Chief Mkwawa of the Hehe people, and this bullet casing provides a tangible link to his uprising during the 1890s. In light of this colonial context and our ongoing research at Mlambalasi, this find is used to illustrate that a single artifact can reinforce multiple narratives about the past and the significance of an archaeological site.

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Vollersen, E., O. Bauer, M. Kaisi, J. Weiss, A. Blüthgen, S. Al-Hasani, and K. Diedrich. "P-121. Comparison of environmental pollutant exposure between infertility patients from Tanzania and Germany." Human Reproduction 12, Suppl_2 (June 1997): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/12.suppl_2.178.

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Schneider, Leander. "The Tanzania National Archives." History in Africa 30 (2003): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361541300003326.

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This note aims to provide an overview of the Tanzania National Archives (TNA) system and the records it houses. The system comprises a headquarters in Dar es Salaam and six regional branch offices located in Mbeya, Mwanza, Arusha, Dodoma, Tanga, and Singida. Access to the TNA requires a research permit from the Tanzania Commission for Research and Technology. It is best to apply well in advance. Attaching a letter of recommendation from a contact at the University of Dar es Salaam that comments specifically on the value of the proposed research project to the application can expedite its processing tremendously. Computers may be used in the archives and researchers may ask for specific folios to be photocopied. It is advisable to keep detailed records of requests.The three major groups of materials retained within the TNA system are records from German colonial times (pre-1916/17), the British records (pre-1962), and records from various levels of government and administration of post-independence Tanzania (Tanganyika). Almost all colonial records in the collection are housed at the TNA headquarters, as are most of those post-independence documents that originate from central government and ministerial headquarters. A considerable number of post-1962 records originating from local level government and administration have also been moved to Dar es Salaam.

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Guglya, Yu O. "Review of the lappet moths’ collection (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) of the Museum of Nature of the Vasyl Karazin Kharkiv National University." Kharkov Entomological Society Gazette 28, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36016/khesg-2020-28-2-5.

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Complete annotated list of lappet moths (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) of the collection of the Museum of Nature of the Vasyl Karazin Kharkiv National University is given in the article. The material was collected mostly on the territory of Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. In addition, single specimens from Austria, Germany, Slovenia, Hungary, Israel, and Tanzania are there. The collection consists of 659 specimens of 50 species of lappet moths. The half of lappet moths are the part of the butterflies’ assemblage of well-known collector A. S. Lisetskyi, that fully deposited in the Museum of Nature of the Vasyl Karazin Kharkiv National University.

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32

Ludwig, Jörg. "New Sources for German Colonial History in Dresden." History in Africa 27 (January 2000): 479–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172129.

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The Central state Archive in Dresden has recently acquired new archival material relating to Africa. Although of modest proportions, this material would certainly be of interest for specialized studies. It consists of two parts: records of the firm Hermann Schubert, and the papers of the German colonial politician Oskar Wilhelmn Stübel.Hermann Schubert's firm was established in 1862 as a small textile factory in Zittau. It grew rapidly and in the first third of the twentieth century assumed a leading role in the world market for sewing thread. In 1907, in collaboration with the colonial authorities of the German Reich, it established a cotton plantation in the Rufiji District of German East Africa (today southern Tanzania) known as Schuberthof. Partly due to a lack of experience in growing cotton, the plantation sustained considerable losses and was abandoned after World War I.Records concerning Schuberthof form part of the papers of the firm Hermann Schubert/VEB Textilwerke Zittau. They are of a fragmentary nature; all that has survived are reports of the plantation to the firm's headquarters for 1909, and documents relating to a visit of the firm's head to German East Africa in 1907. The latter includes travel notes, reports on conversations with Walter Rathenau and the secretary of State for Colonies, as well as glass plates with snapshots of a tourist nature.Oskar Wilhelm Stübel was born in Dresden in 1846. He studied at the universities of Leipzig, Berlin, and Heidelberg, obtained his doctorate in Leipzig, and entered the Saxon civil service.

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Blackshire-Belay, Carol Aisha. "German Imperialism in Africa The Distorted Images of Cameroon, Namibia, Tanzania, and Togo." Journal of Black Studies 23, no. 2 (December 1992): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002193479202300207.

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Maddox, Gregory. "Mtunya: Famine in Central Tanzania, 1917–20." Journal of African History 31, no. 2 (July 1990): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700024993.

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In the Dodoma Region of central Tanzania the people called Wagogo name a famine that struck between 1917 and 1920 the Mtunya—‘The Scramble’. This famine came after both German and British miliary requisitions had drained the arid region of men, cattle and food. The famine, which killed 30,000 of the region's 150,000 people, is more than just a good example of what John Iliffe has called ‘conjunctural poverty’. The Mtunya and the response to it by both the people of the region and the new colonial government also shaped the form of the interaction between local economy and society and the political economy of colonial Tanganyika. The Gogo, in their own interpretation of the famine, stress the ways in which this famine made them dependent on the colonial economy. For them, this famine represented a terrible loss of autonomy, a loss of the ability to control the reproduction of their own society.

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35

E. N. BALINGASA. "STATUS OF COCONUT RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION IN TANZANIA." CORD 5, no. 02 (June 1, 1989): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v5i02.229.

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Coconut is an important economic crop in the coastal belt of Tanzania and the island. However, production has been dwindling through the years due to various constraints, eg, poor plantation management, lack of improved planting materials, insect pests ‑ notably Oryctes monoceros Oliv, and the coreid bug, Pseuclotheraptus wayi Brown plus a lethaf‑disease presently belie to be caused by mycoplasmalike organisms. To offset further decline of the industry, the National Coconut Development Programme was created by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, assisted by the Federal Republic of Germany and the World Bank. Production promotion activities were implemented ‑ conducting selection works on the East African Tall coconut population, establishment of seed gardens to produce high yielding planting materials and supporting extension to disserninate technical information. Simultaneously, researches in agronomy, breeding, pest and disease control were conducted. Lately, farming systems research was added as a new project component. Significant findings on the various research areas are discussed in this paper plus some aspects of utilization, processing and marketing.

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Haustein, Jörg. "Religion, politics and an apocryphal admonition: the German East African “Mecca letter” of 1908 in historical-critical analysis." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 83, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 95–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x20000026.

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AbstractThis article analyses a Muslim missive, which was circulated in German East Africa in 1908. Erroneously dubbed the “Mecca letter”, it called believers to repentance and sparked a religious revival, which alarmed the German administration. Their primarily political interpretation of the letter was retained in subsequent scholarship, which has overlooked two important textual resources for a better understanding of the missive: the presence of similar letters elsewhere and the fourteen copies still available in the Tanzanian National Archive. Presenting the first text-critical edition of the letter, together with a historical introduction of the extant specimens and a textual comparison to similar missives elsewhere, the article argues that the East African “Mecca letter” of 1908 was nothing more than a local circulation of a global chain letter. As such, its rapid transmission was not connected to a single political agency, but was likely prompted by a large variety of motivations.

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Pierard, Richard V. "Book Review: Christianity and African Culture: Conservative German Protestant Missionaries in Tanzania, 1900–1940." International Bulletin of Missionary Research 22, no. 1 (January 1998): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/239693939802200125.

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38

Huber, Phillip C. "Book Review: Christianity and African Culture: Conservative German Protestant Missionaries in Tanzania, 1900–1940." Missiology: An International Review 28, no. 1 (January 2000): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182960002800111.

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Webel, Mari. "MEDICAL AUXILIARIES AND THE NEGOTIATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN COLONIAL NORTH-WESTERN TANZANIA." Journal of African History 54, no. 3 (November 2013): 393–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853713000716.

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AbstractThis article investigates the development and employment of African medical auxiliaries during the German campaign against sleeping sickness in colonial north-western Tanzania. A case study from the kingdom of Kiziba demonstrates how widespread illness and colonial public health interventions intersected with broader political and social change in the early twentieth century. Ziba auxiliaries known as gland-feelers operated within overlapping social and occupational contexts as colonial intermediaries, royal emissaries, and familiar local men. The changing fortunes of the campaign and its auxiliaries illustrate how new public health interventions became a means for the kingdom's population to engage with or avoid both royal and colonial power.

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Walsh, Thomas. "Providing Staff Development in Teaching Strategies and English Language Conversation at North Pare Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tanzania (ELCT) Dioceses Secondary Schools in Tanzania, Africa." African Journal of Teacher Education 2, no. 2 (May 21, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/ajote.v2i2.1688.

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The following report evaluates a seminar provided by Walsh through the Bethesda Lutheran Church Tanzanian ministry organization on teaching strategies and conversational English provided at Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tanzania (ELCT) secondary schools in the Pare region of Tanzania, Africa. The staff development included training and support in the use of computer technology available at the schools, donated from the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Mecklenburg, Germany. The staff development was a follow-up to earlier training sessions provided at the schools in 2006 and 2008. Description of the seminar planning procedures, curriculum guide, subjects, methodology and project evaluation is presented, along with discussion about the use of technology with participants at the schools. Recommendations for future delivery and use of the project materials is also discussed. The seminar curriculum materials were designed to provide Tanzania teachers, with limited resources and teaching methodologies, to engage students more actively in learning and developing problem-solving skills. It is the intent the seminar experience will provide support for more organizations (e.g., student university internships and church-based sister congregations) as they come on board to support the African Tanzanian communities. The staff development was provided to teachers at secondary schools representing the Muslim, Maasai, and Christian faiths and cultures.

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Voelker, Hans-Ullrich, Annette Strehl, Ansgar Stuefe, Gerhard Stauch, and Hans-Konrad Mueller-Hermelink. "Re-evaluation of challenging telepathological diagnoses in support of a hospital in Tanzania." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, August 1, 2019, 1357633X1986656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x19866564.

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Since 2007, a hospital in Tanzania has been supported with histopathological reports via telepathology (TP) by German pathologists. For this, the Internet-based platform iPath is used. The aim of this study was to analyse the rate of discrepancies in defined diagnostic groups. After shipment of paraffin-embedded tissue to Germany, specimens were processed according to recent diagnostic standards. All diagnoses were grouped into eight benign and 11 malignant main categories. The comparison comprised the following categories: 1, identical diagnosis; 2, mild discordance; 3, correct distinction between benign and malignant process, 4, false malignant; 5, false benign; and 6, no primary diagnosis possible. The cohort comprised 396 benign and 336 malignant diseases. Of the benign diseases, 62% were category 1, 23% category 2, 2% category 3, 6% category 4 and 7% category 6. Of the malignant diseases, 42% were category 1, 16% category 2, 12% category 3, 14% category 5 and 15% category 6. Exclusive support with static TP cannot meet all requirements of modern medical diagnostics. However, the project shows a approach for how pathologists in industrial countries can help low-income countries. In difficult cases, the opportunity for a final work-up using additional methods must be given for useful diagnostic purposes.

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Affara, Muna, Hakim Idris Lagu, Emmanuel Achol, Richard Karamagi, Neema Omari, Grace Ochido, Eric Kezakarayagwa, et al. "The East African Community (EAC) mobile laboratory networks in Kenya, Burundi, Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda, and South Sudan—from project implementation to outbreak response against Dengue, Ebola, COVID-19, and epidemic-prone diseases." BMC Medicine 19, no. 1 (July 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-021-02028-y.

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Abstract Background East Africa is home to 170 million people and prone to frequent outbreaks of viral haemorrhagic fevers and various bacterial diseases. A major challenge is that epidemics mostly happen in remote areas, where infrastructure for Biosecurity Level (BSL) 3/4 laboratory capacity is not available. As samples have to be transported from the outbreak area to the National Public Health Laboratories (NPHL) in the capitals or even flown to international reference centres, diagnosis is significantly delayed and epidemics emerge. Main text The East African Community (EAC), an intergovernmental body of Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, and South Sudan, received 10 million € funding from the German Development Bank (KfW) to establish BSL3/4 capacity in the region. Between 2017 and 2020, the EAC in collaboration with the Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine (Germany) and the Partner Countries’ Ministries of Health and their respective NPHLs, established a regional network of nine mobile BSL3/4 laboratories. These rapidly deployable laboratories allowed the region to reduce sample turn-around-time (from days to an average of 8h) at the centre of the outbreak and rapidly respond to epidemics. In the present article, the approach for implementing such a regional project is outlined and five major aspects (including recommendations) are described: (i) the overall project coordination activities through the EAC Secretariat and the Partner States, (ii) procurement of equipment, (iii) the established laboratory setup and diagnostic panels, (iv) regional training activities and capacity building of various stakeholders and (v) completed and ongoing field missions. The latter includes an EAC/WHO field simulation exercise that was conducted on the border between Tanzania and Kenya in June 2019, the support in molecular diagnosis during the Tanzanian Dengue outbreak in 2019, the participation in the Ugandan National Ebola response activities in Kisoro district along the Uganda/DRC border in Oct/Nov 2019 and the deployments of the laboratories to assist in SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics throughout the region since early 2020. Conclusions The established EAC mobile laboratory network allows accurate and timely diagnosis of BSL3/4 pathogens in all East African countries, important for individual patient management and to effectively contain the spread of epidemic-prone diseases.

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43

"Phomopsis juniperivora. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 2) (August 1, 1985). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500502.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phomopsis juniperivora Hahn. Hosts: Conifers. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Kenya, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Australasia, New Zealand, Europe, Britain, France, Germany, Netherlands, Portugal, North America, Canada, Ontario, Quebec, Newfoundland, USA, South America, Uruguay.

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Arndt, Lotte. "Humboldt Lab Tanzania: Objects from the Colonial Wars in the Ethnologisches Museum, Berlin – A Tanzanian-German Dialogue." Critique d’art, June 12, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/critiquedart.62317.

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45

"Aulacorthum solani. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Pests, December (August 1, 1985). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpp/20056600086.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) [Hemiptera: Aphididae] Foxglove aphid, glasshouse potato aphid Polyphagous, attacks potato and other Solanaceae and is a vector of virus diseases of potato and other crops. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Austria, Azores, Belgium, Bulgaria, Channel Islands, Corsica, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, East Germany, West Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Irish, Republic Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia, USSR, Republic of Georgia, Kazakh SSR, Latvian SSR, Moldavian SSR, Tadzik SSR, Ukrainian SSR, Russian SFSR, AFRICA, Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Gough Island, Kenya, Madeira, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Réunion, Rwanda St. Helena, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

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Cannon, P. F. "Endococcus apiciicola. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 183 (August 1, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20103167020.

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Abstract A description is provided for Endococcus apiciicola, a biotrophic parasite or parasymbiont of Usnea spp. Information is included on morphology, associated organisms and substrata, geographical distribution (Africa (Canary Islands, Rwanda, Tanzania), North America (Canada, British Columbia), USA (Washington), South America (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia), Australasia (Australia, New South Wales, Tasmania), Caribbean (Puerto Rico), Europe (France, Germany, UK, England, Wales)), dispersal/transmission, conservation status and taxonomic position.

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47

Minter, D. W. "Chaetomium strumarium. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 169 (August 1, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20063223359.

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Abstract C. strumarium is described and illustrated. Information on diseases caused by C. strumarium, host range (field and horticultural crops, trees, dung, man and artefacts), geographical distribution (Algeria, Canary Islands, Democratic Republic of Congo, Egypt, Gambia, Kenya, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, USA, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, Western Australia, Germany, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Cyprus, Israel, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia), and transmission is provided.

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48

Schütte, Ulrike. "Culturally sensitive adaptation of the concept of relational communication therapy as a support to language development: An exploratory study in collaboration with a Tanzanian orphanage." South African Journal of Communication Disorders 63, no. 1 (February 16, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajcd.v63i1.166.

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Background: Orphans and other vulnerable children (OVC) who grow up in institutional care often show communication and language problems. The caregivers lack training, and there are few language didactics programmes aimed at supporting communication and language development in OVC in institutional care in Tanzania.Objectives: The purpose of the study was to adapt the German concept of relational communication therapy (RCT) as a support to language development in a Tanzanian early childhood education context in a culturally sensitive way. Following the adaptation of the concept, a training programme for Tanzanian caregiver students was developed to compare their competencies in language didactics before and after training.Methods: A convergent mixed methods design was used to examine changes following training in 12 participating caregiver students in a Tanzanian orphanage. The competencies in relational language didactics were assessed by a self-developed test and video recordings before and after intervention. Based on the results, we drew conclusions regarding necessary modifications to the training modules and to the concept of RCT.Results: The relational didactics competencies of the caregiver students improved significantly following their training. A detailed analysis of the four training modules showed that the improvement in relational didactics competencies varied depending on the topic and the teacher.Conclusion: The results provide essential hints for the professionalisation of caregivers and for using the concept of RCT for OVC in institutional care in Tanzania. Training programmes and concepts should not just be transferred across different cultures, disciplines and settings; they must be adapted to the specific cultural setting.

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"Armillaria mellea. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 5) (August 1, 1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20066500143.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. Fungi: Basidiomycota: Agaricales Hosts: Various trees and other plants. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Corsica, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Russia, European Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, UK, ASIA, Japan, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Syria, AFRICA, Kenya, Reunion, Sao Tome & Principe, Tanzania, Zaire, NORTH AMERICA, USA, California, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Virginia, Wisconsin.

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50

"Septoria helianthi. [Distribution map]." Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases, no. 2) (August 1, 1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dmpd/20046500468.

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Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Septoria helianthi Ell. & Kellerman. Hosts: Sunflower (Helianthus spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimababwe, Asia, China, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Henei, Nei Monggol, Gansu, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, India, Himachal Pradesh, Japan, Kanagawa, Pakistan, Turkey, USSR, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Europe, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia, North America, Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Saskatchewan, USA.

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