Academic literature on the topic 'Germany. 1939 August 31'

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Journal articles on the topic "Germany. 1939 August 31"

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Herold, Christian, Dietrich Althausen, Detlef Müller, Matthias Tesche, Patric Seifert, Ronny Engelmann, Cyrille Flamant, Rohini Bhawar, and Paolo Di Girolamo. "Comparison of Raman Lidar Observations of Water Vapor with COSMO-DE Forecasts during COPS 2007." Weather and Forecasting 26, no. 6 (December 1, 2011): 1056–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011waf2222448.1.

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Abstract Water vapor measurements with the multiwavelength Raman lidar Backscatter Extinction Lidar-Ratio Temperature Humidity Profiling Apparatus (BERTHA) were performed during the Convective and Orographically-induced Precipitation Study (COPS) in the Black Forest, Germany, from June to August 2007. For quality assurance, profiles of the water vapor mixing ratio measured with BERTHA are compared to simultaneous measurements of a radiosonde and an airborne differential absorption lidar (DIAL) on 31 July 2007. The differences from the radiosonde observations are found to be on average 1.5% and 2.5% in the residual layer and in the free troposphere, respectively. During the two overflights at 1937 and 2018 UTC, the differences from the DIAL results are −2.2% and −3.7% in the residual layer and 2.1% and −2.6% in the free troposphere. After this performance check, short-range forecasts from the German Meteorological Service’s (Deutscher Wetterdienst, DWD) version of the Consortium for Small-Scale Modeling (COSMO-DE) model are compared to the BERTHA measurements for two case studies. Generally, it is found that water vapor mixing ratios from short-range forecasts are on average 7.9% drier than the values measured in the residual layer. In the free troposphere, modeled values are 9.7% drier than the measurements.
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Hinde, R. A., and J. L. Finney. "Joseph (Józef) Rotblat. 4 November 1908 — 31 August 2005." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 53 (January 2007): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2007.0023.

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Joseph Rotblat, having suffered considerable hardships in his youth in Warsaw, graduated in physics from the Free University of Warsaw. On a fellowship to work with James (later Sir James) Chadwick FRS in Liverpool, he joined the Manhattan Project early in 1944. Resigning as a matter of conscience when he learned that the bomb was not needed as a deterrent against Hitler's Germany, he subsequently devoted the rest of his life to radiation physics and radiobiology and to the abolition of nuclear weapons and of war itself. He was one of the founders and the moving spirit of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, with whom he shared the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995.
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Schweitzer, Vladimir. "USSR and Germany: on the Way to June 22, 1941." Contemporary Europe 99, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope62020202213.

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The article deals with the Soviet-German relations in the period of 1939‒1941. It is shoun that after signing of the Munich agreements in September, 1938, Germany generally defined its strategy of pressure on countries that fit into the Hitler’s concept of "Push to the East". Its victims in 1935 were Czechoslovakia and Poland. After the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, Great Britain and France sought to review the "policy of appeasement" of Hitler and were ready to join the USSR in the search for ways to prevent Hitler's expansion. However, the inconsistency and contradictoriness of this "change of milestones" strengthened the position of the Soviet leadership in favour of reaching agreements with Germany. The summer of 1939 was the apotheosis of fruitless negotiations between the "Troika" (the USSR, Great Britain and France), which objectively prompted Moscow to accept the German proposal for fundamentally new bilateral agreements (the Pact of August 23, 1939). Subsequent events up to June 22, 1941 showed the unreliability of agreements with Nazism, facilitated the fleeting victory of Germany over Poland and France, and the actual isolation of Great Britain. Hitler's attack on the Soviet Union did not remove from the Soviet leadership the historical guilt of being unprepared for war with fascism, for the colossal human and territorial losses of the first stage of the Great Patriotic War
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Not Available, Not Available. "2nd World Congress on Industrial Process Tomography August 29-31 2001, Hannover, Germany." Heat and Mass Transfer 36, no. 5 (September 6, 2000): 463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002310000125.

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Roberts, Geoffrey. "Infamous encounter? The Merekalov-Weizsäcker meeting of 17 April 1939." Historical Journal 35, no. 4 (December 1992): 921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00026224.

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AbstractThis article uses recently released documents from the Soviet diplomatic archives to examine the Merekalov–Weizsäcker meeting of April 1939. It argues that these documents show that western historians have been mistaken in assuming that this meeting was the occasion for Soviet signals of a desire for détente with Nazi Germany. The significance attached to the meeting in this respect is part of the cold war myth that the USSR's negotiations for a triple alliance with Great Britain and France in the spring and summer of 1939 were paralleled by secret Soviet–German discussions which eventually lead to the Nazi–Soviet pact of August 1939. The article seeks to demolish those elements of the myth that concern the Merekalov–Weizsäcker encounter and to present an alternative interpretation of the provenance and meaning of the so-called political overture by the Soviet ambassador at the meeting.
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Eremin, Sergey V. "Transformation of the image of the nazi regime in the soviet propaganda (23 august 1939 – june 1941): a source study aspect." Bulletin of Nizhnevartovsk State University 55, no. 3 (September 27, 2021): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36906/2311-4444/21-3/10.

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The article, based on a wide range of historical sources, examines the key events associated with changes in the coverage of the Nazi regime by Soviet propaganda bodies in connection with the signing of the Soviet-German treaties: on non-aggression (August 1939), on friendship and the border (September 1939 g.). It is noted that both sides tried to find common ground on a number of secondary, "peripheral" issues, that the turn in Soviet propaganda, which began in August 1939, gave an impetus to create a positive cultural image of the former enemy. However, for reasons, primarily of an ideological nature, it was not possible to fully use the expected advantages from this political rapprochement in order to develop cultural ties. The reasons for the unsuccessful attempt at cultural rapprochement between the Soviet Union and the Third Reich are analyzed. It points to the attempts of the Soviet leadership to study the experience of propaganda work in Germany with a view to further use. It is noted that, starting in the summer of 1940, in the conditions of a gradual deterioration in Soviet-German relations, the nature of the activities of propaganda structures is gradually changing. Increasingly, criticism of the Nazi regime is voiced in a veiled form. It is shown that in May June 1941, a new anti-Nazi turn in Soviet propaganda took place. It is concluded that if during the warming of relations with Germany in Soviet propaganda the class paradigm was temporarily replaced by a national or cultural-historical one, then the political and ideological campaign that unfolded in May-June 1941 had a clearly anti-German and anti-Nazi character.
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Jensen, Christian Troelstrup. "Tyskland, Norden og sporten under Anden Verdenskrig." Forum for Idræt 31 (December 1, 2015): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ffi.v31i0.109046.

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This paper concludes that the Nazi race theory in particular concerning the superiority of the “Nordic race” could be found in the Germanmass media when covering sport meetings (in casu the Lingiade August 1939 in Stockholm) between Germany and the Nordic countries (inthis context limited to Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway) before the war. During the war, this changes. However presentthese theories were in the Nazi-rhetoric they disappear with the war also in the one example we have of a Nordic-German sports meeting inMarch 1941.
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Leaman, J. "The Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the USSR, August 1939-Old Myths, New Myths, and Reinterpretations." German History 12, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/12.2.250.

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Eberhardt, Piotr. "Political borders in Polish territory according to the Soviet atlas of 1940." Polish Cartographical Review 51, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcr-2019-0017.

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Abstract The author presents Karmannyj Atlas Mira (Pocket Atlas of the World) which was published in Leningrad in 1940. It shows political borders existing in Polish territory at that time. Those borders resulted from the Soviet-German agreement reached in August and September 1939 in Moscow (the Molotov−Ribbentrop pact). On the maps in the Atlas the territories of central Poland are described as “Oblast Gosudarstvennych Interesov Germanii” (Area of the National Interest of Germany). The maps were reprinted in the article in the original version and underwent a historical, political and geographical analysis.
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Erkki Vilkman, Eija-Riitta Lauri, P. "Ergonomic conditions and voice: Paper presented at PEVOC-II conference, August 29-31 1997, in Regensburg, Germany." Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology 23, no. 1 (January 1998): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/140154398434293.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Germany. 1939 August 31"

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Bernheim, Robert B. "The Commissar Order and the Seventeenth German Army : from genesis to implementation, 30 March 1941-31 January 1942." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85128.

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An essential and critical component of the orders German front-line formations received in the ideological war against the Soviet Union was the Commissar Order of 6 June 1941. This order, issued by the High Command of the Armed Forces prior to the German invasion of the Soviet Union, required that front-line military formations, as well as SS and police units attached to the Army, immediately execute Soviet political commissars among prisoners of war. Soviet political commissars were attached to the Red Army at virtually every operational level, and were viewed by both Hitler and the High Command as the foremost leaders of the resistance against the Nazis because of their commitment to Bolshevik ideology. According to the Commissar Order, "Commissars will not be treated as soldiers. The protection afforded by international law to prisoners of war will not apply in their case. After they have been segregated they will be liquidated."
While there is no paucity of information on the existence and intent of the Commissar Order, this directive has only been investigated by scholars as a portion of a much greater ideological portrait, or subsumed in the larger context of overall Nazi criminal activities during "Operation Barbarossa."
Examining the extent to which front-line divisions carried out the charge to shoot all grades of political commissars is necessary if we are to understand the role and depth of involvement by front-line troops of the Wehrmacht in a murderous program of extermination during the German attack and occupation of the Soviet Union. Such an examination has simply not taken place to-date. My dissertation seeks to address this issue. The result is both a narrative on the genesis of the Commissar Order and its attendant decrees and agreements between the Army leadership and the SS ( SD) and Security Police, and a quantitative analysis of how many commissars were reported captured and shot by the front-line forces of the 17th Army over a seven month period.
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Books on the topic "Germany. 1939 August 31"

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Italia e il patto Ribbentrop-Molotov, 1939-1941 (Conference) (2012 Rome, Italy). Il patto Ribbentrop-Molotov: L'Italia e l'Europa (1939-1941) : atti del convegno, Roma, 31 maggio-1 giugno 2012. Roma: Aracne editrice S.r.l., 2013.

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International Association for the Education of Deafblind People. Equal and exceptional: III. EuropeanConference of the International Association for the Education of Deafblind People, Potsdam (Germany), 31 July-5 August 1993 : proceedings. Potsdam: IAEDB, 1993.

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Pata oarbă a memoriei europene: 23 august 1939 : alianța sovieto-nazistă. București: Fundația Academia Civică, 2009.

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Hass, Gerhart. 23. August 1939, der Hitler-Stalin-Pakt: Dokumentation. Berlin: Dietz, 1990.

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1934-, Clark Geseke, ed. Hilke's diary: Germany, July 1940-August 1945. Stroud: Tempus, 2008.

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Courtois, Stéphane. Pata oarbă a memoriei europene: 23 august 1939 : alianța sovieto-nazistă. București: Fundația Academia Civică, 2009.

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Kolasky, John. Partners in tyranny: The Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact, August 23, 1939. Toronto: Mackenzie Institute, 1990.

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Vanags, Kārlis. Vanagu Kārl̦a piezīmes: 1939. gada 23. augusta starptautiskais noziegums. [U.S.A.]: Taurus, 1989.

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Nakanune 23 avgusta 1939 g. Moskva: Veche, 2009.

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Moraru, Anton. Un pact plin de taină: Basarabia în contextul pactului Hitler-Stalin. Chișinău: Labirint, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Germany. 1939 August 31"

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Parker, R. A. C. "Confronting Italy, Japan and Germany: April–August 1939." In Chamberlain and Appeasement, 246–71. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23036-5_12.

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Robertson, Esmonde M. "German Mobilisation Preparations and the Treaties Between Germany and the Soviet Union of August and September 1939." In Paths to War, 330–66. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20333-8_11.

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"4. The Modification of the Young Plan, August 16-31." In Locarno Diplomacy: Germany and the West, 1925-1929, 334–43. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400869619-037.

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Cichocki, Marek A. "Poland – Between Germany and Russia." In Genealogy of Contemporaneity. A History of Ideas in Poland, 1815–1939. Warsaw University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323522577.pp.18-31.

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Cichocki, Marek A. "Poland – Between Germany and Russia." In Genealogy of Contemporaneity. A History of Ideas in Poland, 1815–1939. Warsaw University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323522652.pp.18-31.

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Kelanic, Rosemary A. "The Oil Strategies of Nazi Germany." In Black Gold and Blackmail, 92–114. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501748295.003.0006.

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This chapter analyzes four cases that span the Nazi era in Germany. From the beginning of the Nazi regime in March of 1933 until its defeat in April of 1945, the chapter identifies three major turning points: (1) Adolf Hitler's announcement of the Four-Year Plan in September of 1936; (2) the imposition of an Anglo-French naval blockade against Germany on September 3, 1939; and (3) the shift from blitzkrieg to attrition warfare against the Soviet Union in December of 1941. This divides the case into four distinct periods: March 1933 to August 1936; September 1936 until September 3, 1939; September 4, 1939, until the end of December 1941; and January 1942 through the end of the war in April 1945. Hitler's anticipatory strategies changed over time, in tandem with his country's coercive vulnerability, intensifying from self-sufficiency before World War II to indirect control at the war's start to, finally, direct control after Operation Barbarossa failed to speedily defeat the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). One would expect that Hitler, as the most expansionist leader of the twentieth century, would engage in conquest to get oil; yet primarily, he sought oil security through less extreme measures.
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kovács, Tamás. "On the Margin of a Historic Friendship." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 31, 349–64. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764715.003.0017.

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IN THE AUTUMN of 1939 in the wake of the Polish defeat at the hands of Nazi Germany and the USSR, the Hungarian political leadership decided to admit Polish military and civilian refugees, including a number of Jews, into the Kingdom of Hungary. Over the past seventy years a large number of studies and memoirs have been published on this subject in both Hungary and Poland. While they do not deny that many problems emerged as a result of this flight, a somewhat idealized picture has developed of Hungary during the Second World War as a ‘paradise for refugees’. According to this, not only Polish but also German, Austrian, French, British, and Italian Jews lived together peacefully side by side with the Hungarian people. In turn, the Hungarian public administration ‘took good care’ of them. This image needs to be significantly modified in the light of archival documents....
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Wittmann, Livia Käthe. "Erinnerte "Wirklichkeit" und erzählte "Fiktion": Das Neuseeland der Otti Binswanger in den Jahren 1939-1948." In Exul Poeta. Leben und Werk Karl Wolfskehls im italienischen und neuseeländischen Exil 1933-1948. Beiträge zum Symposium anläßlich des 50. Todestages. Auckland, 31. August - 2. September 1998. Department of Languages and Cultures, German Section, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/ogs-vol11id147.

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Cohen, Robert. "The Popular Front on Campus." In When the Old Left Was Young. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195060997.003.0011.

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The international threat posed by fascism became the central concern of the student movement during the second half of the Depression decade. For this generation of college students not a year passed without some ominous reminder of the rising strength, belligerence, arid brutality of European fascism. There was Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia in 1935, Hitler’s and Mussolini’s military support of the Spanish fascist revolt in 1936 and 1937, Germany’s anti-Jewish pogrom and conquest of Austria in 1938, and the Nazi invasion of Czechoslavakia and Poland in 1939. These events, along with Japan’s escalating war on China, prodded many student activists to rethink the isolationist assumptions their anti-war movement had popularized on campus in the early 1930s. The increasing aggression of the fascist powers led these activists to worry that the very neutrality that their movement had urged upon the United States to promote peace, instead, bred war by preventing America from orchestrating an international effort to thwart fascist expansionism. This mindset facilitated the rise of a major challenge to isolationism within the student movement, which by 1938 pushed the movement’s largest organizations to abandon their isolationist policies and embrace collective security. The first influential group within the student movement’s leadership which sought to shift the movement away from isolationism was the communists. These radicals had the earliest and clearest vision of the student movement’s need for a more explicitly anti-fascist foreign policy. Their thinking on this matter had been strongly influenced by deliberations of the Seventh World Congress of the Communist International (CI) in August 1935. The CI became concerned about the triumph of Nazism in Germany, its spreading influence in Europe, and the potential threat these developments posed to the U.S.S.R.’s security. The Seventh World Congress therefore urged the formation of broad national coalitions and international collective security arrangements on behalf of a Popular Front against fascism. For communists in the American student movement, this implied the need to turn the movement’s foreign policy away from American neutrality and toward the endorsement of collective efforts among the United States, the Soviet Union, and other anti-fascist states to prevent military aggression by Germany, Italy, and Japan.
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"Letter of N. M. Rothschild & Sons, giving the Price of Gold at the Time of the Morning Fixing, to the Chief Cashier of the Bank of England, on Letterhead of the Royal Mint Refinery, New Court, St Swithin’s Lane, London EC4 (31 August 1939)." In The Monetary History of Gold, 434. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315476131-130.

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Conference papers on the topic "Germany. 1939 August 31"

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Weyermann, Maria. "0310 Medical rehabilitation before the occurrence of early retirement in germany - prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of non-utilisation." In Eliminating Occupational Disease: Translating Research into Action, EPICOH 2017, EPICOH 2017, 28–31 August 2017, Edinburgh, UK. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104636.253.

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Dias, Rui, Paula Heliodoro, Paulo Alexandre, and Rita Silva. "TESTING THE WEAK FORM OF EFFICIENT MARKET HYPOTHESIS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." In Sixth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.s.p.2020.1.

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The COVID-19 outbreak caused several concerns all over the world. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a global health emergency. This outbreak leads to a drastic change in people's lifestyles, causing lots of job losses all over the world and threaten the livelihood of millions of people since the firms closed to avoid virus propagation. In general, all economic activities were interrupted, and the stock markets had significant breaks. Due to these events, this essay pretends to analyse the efficiency, in its weak form, in the stock market indexes of France (CAC40), China (SSEC), South Korea (KOSPI), Germany (DAX 30), Italy (FTSE MID), Portugal (PSI 20), and Spain (IBEX 35), in the period of December 31, 2019, to August 10, 2020. To accomplish this research, different approaches were taken to analyse whether: (i) the countries affected by the global pandemic (COVID-19) caused (in) efficiency in their stock markets? The results suggest that the hypothesis of random walk in all the markets under study was rejected. Variance ratios' values are, in all cases, lower than the unity, which implies that the returns are auto correlated over time, and there is a reversion to the mean, in all indexes. The exponents Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA), indicate significant long memories, i.e. they validate the results of the non-parametric test of Wright (2000), which comprises two types of tests, the Position test (Rankings) for homoscedastic series, and the Signal test for heteroscedastic series. These findings show that prices do not fully reflect the information available and that changes in prices are not independent and identically distributed. This situation has implications for investors since some returns can be expectable, creating opportunities for arbitrage and abnormal earnings. These conclusions also open space for market regulators to take measures to ensure better information in these regional markets.
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Reports on the topic "Germany. 1939 August 31"

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Peng, T. (Modeling the distribution of carbon isotopes in the ocean, CO sub 2 uptake, and CO sub 2 exchange and radon measurements, Bern, Switzerland and Heidelberg, W. Germany, June 23--August 31, 1989). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5651266.

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