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Journal articles on the topic 'Germany 1944-1946'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Mueller, Wolfgang. "Soviet Policy, Political Parties, and the Preparation for Communist Takeovers in Hungary, Germany, and Austria, 1944-1946." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 24, no. 1 (2010): 90–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325409354557.

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A large number of similarities can be seen between Soviet and communist activities following World War II in Germany and Austria and in East Central European countries such as Hungary, which were later entirely incorporated into the Soviet bloc. In both cases, Moscow-trained communists aimed at establishing “people’s democracy” and took a leading role in rebuilding the respective country’s adminis-trative apparatus. However, while they managed, with Soviet support, to take over power in Hungary, they failed to do so in Austria. In Germany, communist and Soviet action contributed to the partiti

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2

Portnykh, Valentin L., and Catherine R. Squires. "The Fate of Displaced Medieval Manuscripts and Documents from the Hanseatic Cities." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 66, no. 4 (2021): 1334–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2021.417.

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This review article sums up the available data on the fate of archival and library materials which were transported to the Soviet Union after WW2 from German cities Lübeck, Hamburg and Bremen. The main focus is on medieval manuscripts and documents. Despite the fact that these cities were in the British occupation zone, their archival and library fonds became Soviet war trophies since in 1942–1944 these documents had been evacuated to what would later comprise parts of the Soviet occupation zone. In August 1946, they were transported to Leningrad by train. Most medieval manuscripts and documen

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Curp, T. David. "The Politics of Ethnic Cleansing: The P.P.R., The P.Z.Z. and Wielkopolska's Nationalist Revolution, 1944–1946." Nationalities Papers 29, no. 4 (2001): 575–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990120102101.

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“… all of society is caught up in a hatred of Germany … [this] creates a serious possibility of uniting all of society into one entire national front.”Władysław GomułkaThree costly revolutions began in Poland between spring 1944 and summer 1946. The first two were primarily state-sponsored political and socioeconomic revolutions initiated by a minority comprising the Moscow-appointed and -controlled Polish Workers' Party (Polska Partia Robotnicza, P.P.R.) and their allies. Although they dominated the commanding heights of regional and national politics and administration, the P.P.R. and its su

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Vandeweyer, Luc. "“Doch schuld bekennen, om den duivel niet!” Celindrukken van Albert Moortgat, burgemeester van Breendonk." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 69, no. 1 (2010): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v69i1.12355.

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Brouwer Albert Moortgat begon als een uitgesproken katholiek flamingant maar nam geen leidende rol op zich in de Vlaamse beweging. Hij werd wel burgemeester van de gemeente Breendonk vanaf 1921 en een succesvol bedrijfsleider. Naargelang de jaren vorderden, verliet hij de christendemocratie en werd lid van het VNV, een partij met een anti-Belgisch en extreemrechts programma. Deze partij leunde aan bij Duitsland en zij collaboreerde met de bezetter na de invasie in mei 1940. Moortgat behield zijn positie als burgemeester. Na de bevrijding in september 1944 kwam Moortgat in de gevangenis terecht

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DENTON, CHAD. "‘Récupérez!’ The German Origins of French Wartime Salvage Drives, 1939–1945." Contemporary European History 22, no. 3 (2013): 399–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777313000210.

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AbstractThis article examines the origins, implementation and results of salvage drives carried out in wartime France from 1939 to 1945. In post-war accounts – including memoirs and local histories of the occupation – these salvage drives were understood simply as wartime frugality, a logical response to wide-spread shortages. Yet a careful study of the records of both the French Ministry of Armaments and Vichy's Service de la Récupération et de l'Utilisation des Déchets et Vieilles Matières combined with municipal and departmental sources reveals that these salvage drives were heavily influen

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Венгер, А., and M. Головань. "HISTORY OF ONE CRIME: ANDRIY SPSAY AND THE CRACKS OF THE XX CENTURY." Problems of Political History of Ukraine, no. 15 (February 5, 2020): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/11936.

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The article deals with the biography of the peasant Andrii Sapsai, whose life came at a time of the great turmoil in the first half of the twentieth century.On the eve of the 1917 revolution his family successfully farmed in the village Pryyut of Katerynoslav province. In the post-revolutionary years they continued to farm: they kept cattle, cultivated land. The turning point for the family was the dislocation and eviction from the village.The whole family was deported to live in the Urals at the Lisna Vovchanka station. There Andrii was sentenced under a political article. On the eve of the G

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Zagorodniuk, I. "Ground squirrels of the war: a history of zoological research and Spermophilus collections in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine." Proceedings of the State Natural History Museum, no. 37 (January 1, 2022): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36885/nzdpm.2021.37.17-38.

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The history of research on ground squirrels as pests is described in detail in the light of reconstruction of the history and specifics of zoological institutions of Kyiv in 1941-1944, including the Institute of Plant Protection and its Zoological Museum. Data from five different groups of sources were analyzed such as publications, collections, personal files (including KGB) and interviews of participants in those events. It is shown that ground squirrels were one of the main research objects at the Institute of Plant Protection, which was established by the occupation regime in 1942-1943 on

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8

Stefanowska, Lidia. "Pisarz poza ojczyzną: sylwetka Jurija Szewelowa." Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia 5, no. 5 (2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.9129.

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In the second half of the 1940s, Ukrainian literature outside of Soviet Ukraine experienced an unusually intensive period of development in the Displaced Person’s camps in western Germany and Austria. Thrown together from various regions of Ukraine, writers managed to develop an amazing literary activity. A key role in this period was played by one of the most important Ukrainian émigré scholar, literary critic and essayist – Yuryii Shevelov (born on 17 December 1908 in Kharkiv, died 12 April 2002 in New York.) Having emigrated to Germany in 1944, he taught at the Ukrainian Free University in

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9

Banionis, Juozas. "The activities in the west in the 1950s to free Lithuania: the supreme committee for the liberation of Lithuania in 1944-1950." Genocidas ir rezistencija 1, no. 21 (2025): 80–104. https://doi.org/10.61903/gr.2007.105.

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Reestablished in West Germany on 8 April 1945, the Vyriausiasis Lietuvos iglaisvinimo komitetas (VLIK, the Supreme Committee for the Liberation of Lithuania), which was originally an anti-Nazi organisation, became anti-Soviet. It consisted of political parties in the Seimas in Lithuania and resistance movements formed in occupied Lithuania, with two blocs: Christian and anticlerical. The VLIK made changes to the 16 February 1944 Declaration and published the Wiirzburg Protocol on 3 July 1945. According to this, the political system in liberated Lithuania was to be created on the basis of the 1

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Borovets, Ivan. "INTEGRATIONAL PROJECTS FOR CENTRAL-EASTERN EUROPE IN 1944–1947: THE SLOVAK PERSPECTIVE." European Historical Studies, no. 30 (2025): 6–18. https://doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2025.30.1.

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The purpose of this article is to analyze the ideas and projects of integration of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in the context of the situation in the international arena in 1944–1947. The methodological basis of the research is the principles of historicism and consistency. The author has widely used problem-chronological, comparative and biographical methods. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the absence of research devoted to this scientific problem in Ukrainian historiography. Conclusions. The author has found out that integration plans were a sign

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Mishchanyn, Vasyl. "DEPORTATIONS OF GERMAN POPULATION FROM TRANSCARPATHIA IN 1944 – 1946 YEARS: CAUSES, COURSE, CONSEQUENCES." Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History, no. 1 (46) (June 27, 2022): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(46).2022.256790.

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The first German colonists in Transcarpathia appear in the twelfth and fifteenth centuries and the largest number of German settlers settled in various parts of the region in the XVIII – XIX centuries. They were mostly farmers, specialists for timber, timber industries, mining and salt deposits, representatives of the construction trades. It is estimated that before the Second World War there lived about 17 – 18 thousand of German colonists. But the fate of the German population of Transcarpathia changed dramatically on the final stage of World War II. Serious demographic changes begin in the

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Krabbe, Niels. "Paul von Klenau og hans niende symfoni. Kilderne, værket, receptionen." Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 53 (March 2, 2014): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v53i0.118851.

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Niels Krabbe: Paul von Klenau and his ninth Symphony – the sources, the work, the reception In 2001, the Royal Library learned about a comprehensive private collection in Vienna that contained music, letters and lecture manuscripts, photographs and other archive materials of the Danish composer Paul von Klenau (1883–1946). A preliminary survey of the collection revealed that the contents included a number of music manuscripts (symphonies, chamber music concerts and more), which were not known from the rest of the library’s major collection of Klenau works. The collection’s greatest and m

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Ivanusa, Sergey Ya, David K. Jachvadze, Maria V. Babenko, and Boris V. Risman. "N.N. Yelansky’s Contribution to Military Medicine (on the 130th Anniversary of His Birth)." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 27, no. 2 (2025): 285–94. https://doi.org/10.17816/brmma642925.

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May 3, 2024, marks the 130th birth anniversary of Nikolai N. Yelansky (1894–2024), a well-known Russian transfusiologist and internationally renowned surgeon, professor, and lieutenant general of medical service. Yelansky is known for his contributions in military field surgery, particularly in the treatment of gunshot wounds to soft tissues, the chest, and long bones and traumatic shock. However, his achievements in experimental physiology, transfusiology, and blood donation remain underappreciated. Although Yelansky’s focus was clinical practice, his commitment to Pavlov’s physiological doct

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Haliv, M. D., and A. O. Ohar. "The documentary evidence of the deportation of Germans from the territory of Stanislav region of Ukraine (1946)." SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL, no. 35 (2020): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2020.i35.p.31.

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The article publishes and analyzes the documents of the Soviet special services on the deportation of the group of Germans from Stanislav region (October–December 1946). Eight documents presented in this article demonstrate the circumstances of the deportation of a large group of Germans from the territory of Stanislav region of Ukrainian SSR in late 1946. These documents are stored in the State Archives of the Security Service of Ukraine. These are official correspondence between the heads of institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) at various levels. The first of these document

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Raudsepp, Anu. "Erakirjad infoallikana Eesti ja Lääne vahel stalinismist sulani (1946–1959) [Abstract: Private letters between Estonia and the West as an information source from Stalinism to the start of the post-Stalin thaw, 1946–1959]." Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/aa.2018.4.01.

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Private letters between Estonia and the West as an information source from Stalinism to the start of the post-Stalin thaw, 1946–1959 After the Second World War, the Iron Curtain isolated Estonia from the rest of the world for a long time, separating many Estonian families from one another. Up to 80,000 Estonians fled from Estonia to the West due to the Second World War. Information on Estonia and the West was distorted by way of propaganda and censorship until the end of the Soviet occupation. The situation was at its most complicated during the Stalinist years, when information and the

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Yudina, G. N., G. T. Saleeva, and R. A. Saleev. "Department of prosthetic dentistry staff - participants of the Great Patriotic War." Kazan medical journal 96, no. 3 (2015): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17750/kmj2015-464.

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Leonid Mendeleevich Demner was born in August 3, 1923. In February 1944, he was drafted into the Red Army on the Leningrad front and served as a troop of 286th infantry division separate ski battalion, later - as a military translator of the 286th Infantry Division 996th Infantry regiment and in division headquarters of the same division in the 1st Ukrainian Front. He w as awarded with the Order of «Red Star», «World War II degree», the medal «For courage», «For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War» and other awards. Discharged in May 1946, he worked as a dental technician trainee,

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Haris, Dajč, and Jarić Isidora. "Post World War Two history of the Danubian Germans in the new Yugoslav reality: The case of the Pfeiffer family 1944-1946." ACTA HISTORIAE MEDICINAE stomatologiae, pharmacie, medicinae veterinae 40, no. 1-2 (2021): 49–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6387565.

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Kratki prilog istoriji podunavskih Nemaca: slučaj porodice Pfajfer 1944-1946: Drugi svetski rat proizveo je ogromna materjalna razaranja, ostavljajući zemlje starog kontinenta u potpunom ekonomskom, političkom i socijalnom haosu. Vi&scaron;egodi&scaron;nja ratna stihija nije rastočila samo ekonomiju, već i posledično socijalnu strukuru predratnih dru&scaron;tava, gurnuv&scaron;i veliki deo populacije u prisilne migratorne talase najrazličitijih vrsta koji su, u relativno kratkom periodu, dramatično izmenili etničku strukturu Evropskog kontinenta. Ipak, zavr&scaron;etak rata nije doneo smirivan

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Karanfilski, Borislav. "Centenary of the Birth of Academician Prof. Dr. Isak Tadzer, Founder of the Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine in Macedonia." PRILOZI 38, no. 2 (2017): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prilozi-2017-0017.

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Abstract Academician Prof. Dr. Isak Tadzer was born a hundred years ago on December 24, 1916 in Sofia. He completed the primary and secondary education at the German College in Sofia. In 1935 he began his studies at the Medical Faculty in Vienna, which he had to stop because of the annexation of Austria to Germany in 1938. He returned to Bulgaria where he continued his studies and graduated from the Medical Faculty in Sofia in 1941. During the War, 1941-1944, he was forcedly mobilized and he worked as a doctor in several villages. He was twice interned in camps in Bulgaria. In 1944 he joined t

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Raudsepp, Anu. "Vaimse vastupanu püüded okupatsioonivõimudele Hugo Raudsepa 1940. aastate komöödiates." Ajalooline Ajakiri. The Estonian Historical Journal 172, no. 2 (2020): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/aa.2020.2.02.

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In the 1940s, the totalitarian occupying regimes of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union implemented the strictest control and ideological guidance of intellectual and spiritual life of all time in Estonia. Essentially, the mechanisms and results of control are known. Cultural life was subjected to strict pre-censorship and post-publication censorship, and in the Soviet era also to thematic dictation. The intellectual and spiritual resistance of Estonians in those years, in other words their refusal to accept the ruling ideology, has been studied very little. The most widespread way of putt

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Dupka, György. "Exerting the Principle of Collective Guilt against the Transcarpathian Hungarians and Germans (Carrying into Effect the Decisions of the Military Council of the 4th Ukrainian Front in the Light of the NKVD1 Reports)." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, European and Regional Studies 7, no. 1 (2015): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auseur-2015-0002.

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Abstract In his paper, Gyorgy Dupka deals with the tragic fate of the Transcarpathian Hungarians and Germans deported for ‘a three-day labour’ in the period of 1944-1946. During the past twenty years, he succeeded in collecting and, in some measure, publicizing sufficient archival materials to open up the facts of the anomies committed by the Soviet military authorities in the fall of 1944 and at the beginning of 1945. All these facts are supported by cogent data and concrete names of the perpetrators. In his paper, the author shows primarily how in the light of the reports conceived by the NK

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Savolainen, Ulla. "Tellability, frame and silence." Narrative Inquiry 27, no. 1 (2017): 24–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.27.1.02sav.

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Abstract On the basis of the September 1944 Moscow Armistice agreement between Finland, the Soviet Union and the UK, the Finnish government was obliged to intern German and Hungarian citizens in Finland. Applying the concepts of “tellability” and “frame”, I examine how individuals (most of them children of German fathers and Finnish mothers) who were interned as minors and young people in Finland in 1944–1946 describe silence and the rupture of silence. In order to understand the interaction and dynamics between individuals’ remembering and public memory, I analyze oral history interviews of e

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Bieber, Florian. "Building Yugoslavia in the Sand? Dalmatian Refugees in Egypt, 1944–1946." Slavic Review 79, no. 2 (2020): 298–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2020.85.

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During the last years of the Second World War, some 30,000 Yugoslav refugees found shelter in the Egyptian desert from the German occupation of Dalmatia. In the camp El Shatt, the Partisan movement, the nascent UN, western aid groups, and the British Army worked together to take care of the refugees and also to negotiate future relations. The Communist Party, with victory in Yugoslavia in sight, sought to showcase its ability to organize and motivate its future citizens. Thus, the camps in Egypt became a testing ground for state-building back home. The article will explore the tensions that em

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Kocjančič, Klemen. "Military operations during the German occupation of Ilirska Bistrica and its surroundings during the Second World War." Kronika 71, no. 3 (2023): 703–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.56420/kronika.71.3.15.

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Between 1918 and 1946, the area of present-day Ilirska Bistrica fell under the Kingdom of Italy; Italy’s capitulation in September 1943 was followed by the period of the German occupation. Due to its geostrategic position on the rail and road junction between Postojna and Rijeka, Ilirska Bistrica had an important military role and hence a strong garrison. Whereas initially, the latter was only composed of German units, starting with 1944, the area also witnessed the arrival of the members of the Slovenian National Defence Corps and finally also the members of the Serbian Volunteer Corps and th

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Benkő, Levente, and Annamária Papp. "Hungarian Prisoners in the Romanian Gateway to the Soviet Camp Empire. Additions to the History of Prison Camp No. 176 in Focșani in the Light of Archival and Oral History Sources." Acta Musei Napocensis. Historica, no. 61 (December 20, 2024): 143–68. https://doi.org/10.54145/actamn.61.07.

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The prison camp No. 176, in Focșani was one of the largest Soviet camps in Eastern Europe, from 1944 to 1948. From the fall of 1944 until the summer of 1946 this camp functioned as a sorting and transit camp for Hungarian, German and even Romanian prisoners, both military and civilian, who were brought in freight trains from Romania and Hungary, occupied by Red Army troops, and after sorting were loaded into cattle railway cars and transported to labor camps in the USSR. In the period after the summer of 1946, the camp also functioned for the sorting and repatriation of prisoners returned from

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Semczyszyn, Magdalena. "Icchak Cukierman, Aba Kowner i Eliezer Lidowski − organizatorzy powojennej emigracji żydowskiej do Palestyny." Polish Biographical Studies 2, no. 1 (2014): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/pbs.2014.06.

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The paper describes three Zionists who organized illegal emigration of Jewish population from Poland between 1944−1947. Two of them − Icchak Cukierman and Aba Kowner are well known as Ghetto Fighters from Warsaw and Vilna. Eliezer Lidowski was a Jewish partisan from Baranowicze. In 1944 they’ve started organizing illegal emigration to Palestine (the so-called Bricha). Kowner and Lidowski left Poland and formed special unit named “Nakam” − Revenge. “Nakam” was a group of assassins that targeted Nazi war criminals with the aim of avenging the Holocaust. On April 14 1946, “Nakam” painted with dil

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Matar, Muhammed, and Ali Muhammad. "The political activity of Ziauddin Tabatabaei in Iran 1944-1946 AD." Kufa Journal of Arts 1, no. 15 (2013): 173–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2013/v1.i15.6467.

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The history of Iran is of great importance to researchers and historians due to its sensitive location on the Arabian Gulf and its riches that were the focus of attention of major countries.Among the personalities who played a distinguished role on the Iranian political arena was Diaa al-Din Tabatabaei, who lived in three different stages of modern and contemporary Iranian history, the period of the Qajar state and its fall in 1925 AD, and the Pahlavi state, which was characterized by two different eras, the reign of Reza Shah 1926-1941 AD, and was succeeded by his son, Muhammad Reza. Pahlavi

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Mischanyn, Vasyl. "SOVIET STANDARDS OF ALCOHOLIC LEGISLATION OF TRANSCARPATHIAN UKRAINE (1944 – 1946 YEARS)." Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History, no. 1 (44) (June 27, 2021): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(44).2021.232449.

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The article deals with copying Soviet alcohol legislation by the People's Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine on the region's territory. All this happened during Transcarpathia's preventive Sovietization in 1944 – 1945, from the liberation of Transcarpathia from Hungarian-German invaders on October 28, 1944. It should be noted that officially Subcarpathian Rus' was part of Czechoslovakia before signing the agreement on the reunification of Transcarpathian Ukraine with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. The treaty was signed on June 29, 1945, and ratified by the Provisional National Assemb

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Maksimiuk, Diana. "Sądowy aparat represji wobec ludności polskiej w województwie białostockim (1944–1946). Stan badań i postulaty badawcze." Copernicus. Czasy Nowożytne i Współczesne 3 (2024): 40–52. https://doi.org/10.15804/ccniw.2024.03.03.

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The article discusses the state of research and identifies research areas that have not been explored by historians regarding the judiciary system in the Białystok Province after World War II. The author presents the institutional use of the judiciary to fight political opponents by the communists in the first years of establishing their rule in Poland. In reference to specialised courts, the article addresses the activities of the garrison court-martial, as well as the special criminal court established to handle cases of German war crimes. In the case of the common courts, attention is drawn

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Bociurkiw, Bohdan R. "The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the Contemporary USSR." Nationalities Papers 20, no. 01 (1992): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905999208408219.

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In 1944, the Soviet Army recaptured Galicia and Transcarpathia from the Germans, and the last stronghold of Ukrainian Greek Catholicism fell under Soviet control. Following the arrests of all Uniate bishops and of the “recalcitrant” clergy, the Lviv Sobor of March 1946 nullified the 1596 Union of Brest, which first established the Greek Catholic Church, and forcibly “reunified” the Uniates with the state-controlled Russian Orthodox Church. The post-World War II period saw the gradual suppression of the Uniate Church throughout Carpatho-Ukraine, Poland, and Eastern Slovakia, and marked the begi

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Boldyzhar, S. "Pension legislation of the People’s Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 3 (July 18, 2023): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.03.6.

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The study of the formation of the pension system of the period of Transcarpathian Ukraine is carried out.In the period of 1944-1945, after the liberation of the region from the Hungarian-German occupiers, in the conditions of post-war devastation, unemployment and hunger of the population, the authorities of Transcarpathia faced the task of establishing the financial support of citizens, including by establishing rules for pension payments, which was carried out by adopting relevant legal acts.The pension provision of the period of Transcarpathian Ukraine concerned two categories:Workers and e

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Zajączkowska-Łopatto, Maria Emilia. "Listy Włodzimierza Zajączkowskiego do profesora Tadeusza Kowalskiego." Almanach Karaimski 7 (January 22, 2019): 181–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.33229/ak.2018.7.09.

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Włodzimierz Zajączkowski (1914–1982), who prior to WWII had been a graduate student in the Institute of the Middle East Studies at the Jagiellonian University, returned in the autumn of 1946 to Cracow in order to complete his Ph.D. thesis on the Gagauz Turks. Published in this paper are nineteen of his letters addressed to Professor Tadeusz Kowalski, the first four of which date from his years as a doctoral student, while the latter fifteen were written during WWII (VII 1940 – V 1944). Sending those letters was not easy, as on the wayfrom Vilnius to Cracow they had to pass through Kaunas and K

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Irena Rzeplińska. "Polityka stosowania kary konfiskaty mienia w PRL." Archives of Criminology, no. XVIII (August 19, 1992): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak1992d.

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Fofeiture of property is the most severe of all penalties affecting property that have ever been imposed in hisiory. It consists in the convicted offender’s property being taken over – wholly or in part – by the treasury. The paper deals with the history of this particular penalty in the criminal policy of Polish People’s Republic in the years 1944–1990. The penalty of forfeiture of property was not provided for in the 1932 penal code (which remained in force till December 31, 1969). It appeared in the legislation shortly before World War II, in the act of June 23, 1939 on special criminal res

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Tokareva, Evgenia. "The Catholic Church in Russia in the Context of the “New Religious Course” of J. Stalin (1944—1946)." ISTORIYA 15, no. 12-1 (146) (2024): 0. https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840033623-4.

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In 1943 J. Stalin launched the so-called “new religious course”, which was marked by the restoration of the patriarchate and the creation of the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1944, this course was continued in relation to a number of other confessions and religious movements by the creation of the Council for Religious Cults. However, the Catholic Church in the USSR did not receive any preferences or benefits within the framework of this course. The reason was that, in the opinion of the Soviet authorities, the Catholic and Greek Catholic Churches did not take a pa

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Kohut, A. "THE PHENOMENON OF «CIVILIAN HOSTAGE» IN THE DEPORTATION PRACTICES OF SOVIET SPECIAL SERVICES IN WESTERN UKRAINE IN 1944-1952." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 144 (2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2020.144.5.

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In 1944, with the beginning of the re-occupation of Western Ukraine by the Soviet Union, the practice of using forced evictions of local civilians as a method of repression and combating against anti-Soviet organizations and movements was restored. In fact, the deportation campaign against the “OUN families” was continued, which began on May 22, 1941 and lasted, with a break for the German occupation, until 1952. The deportation campaign included four stages: (1) operation on May 22, 1941, when 3 079 families or 11 329 persons were evicted; (2) campaigns of 1944–1946 – 14 726 families or 36 60

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Włodek, Roman. "„Ulica Graniczna”. Film pod specjalnym nadzorem." Pleograf. Historyczno-Filmowy Kwartalnik Filmoteki Narodowej 27, no. 2 (2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.56351/pleograf.2022.2.06.

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The idea to pay tribute to the Jews murdered during the Holocaust probably arose in Aleksander Ford’s mind already in the summer of 1944, while he was recording Nazi crimes in his bleak documentary Majdanek: Cemetery of Europe. In 1946, he wrote the screenplay of Border Street together with Jan Fethke and Ludwik Starski, and then, when preparing the shooting script, he made several changes to it, significantly radicalizing its main message. Ford made the film in 1947 in Czechoslovakia, where it was more difficult to control him. Border Street was ready for distribution in the spring of 1948. I

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Miknevičius, Gintautas. "Penal practices of partisans in the Kaunas Region (1944–1952). Part II." Genocidas ir rezistencija 1, no. 49 (2024): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.61903/gr.2021.102.

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Part 1 of this Article analyses campaigns of the partisans in Kaunas county and Kaunas city that took place in 1944-1945. Kaunas county geographically was a midpoint of Lithuania, it bordered the counties of Šakiai, Raseiniai, Kėdainiai, Ukmergė, Trakai (from April 1946 – Kaišiadorys), Alytus and Marijampolė. In 1944 the county consisted of 16 rural districts: Aukštoji Panemunė (164 km2), Babtai (224 km2), Čekiškė (252 km2), Garliava (152 km2), Jonava (418 km2), Kruonis (230 km2), Lapės (115 km2), Pakuonis (122 km2), Pažaislis (71 km2), Raudondvaris (103 km2), Rumšiškės (128 km2), Seredžius (8

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Krystian Bedyński. "Prison governors of Rawicz and Wronki prisons." Archives of Criminology, no. XXXI (January 1, 2009): 345–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak2009m.

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The prison system being organised since August 1944, became a part of the Ministry of Public Security. Such a solution, dictated by political considerations, copied the Soviet model, which treated the prison guard as a part of the armed organ of the government. Identification of prison staff with the Ministry of Safety was expressed in the wording of official vows made by the guards which started: "I, a public safety officer". This unity was stressed for decades in prison staff politics, in employee certificates, and in the assessment of the implementation of tasks assigned to prison guards. T

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Boldyzhar, S. "Development of education in Transcarpathia in 1944-1946 (analysis of normative legal acts of the People's Council of Transcarpathian Ukraine)." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 6 (December 27, 2023): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.06.2.

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It is indicated that the educational process is one of the most important institutions of society, which ensures the reproduction and transfer of knowledge, abilities and skills formed by society in the course of historical development. It aims to prepare the next generations for life, to give them the opportunity to solve the current problems of society, to solve the issues of political, social, economic and cultural development. This institute is formed from a number of interrelated structural elements covering the preparation of citizens for the realities of social and state life with

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Tininis, Vytautas. "Forced Mobilization into the Red Army (1944–1945)." Genocidas ir rezistencija 1, no. 33 (2024): 7–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.61903/gr.2013.101.

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Forced mobilisation into the occupying Soviet army in August 1944–May 1945 became an integral part of the terror against the population of Lithuania. The Soviet Union, which in the second half of 1944 launched a call-up of Lithuanian men to the Red Army, violated the provisions of international law specified in the 1907 Hague IV Convention on Laws and Customs of War on Land, which forbade the mobilisation of the inhabitants of an occupied territory for the occupying army or other use of the occupied population for military purposes. Article 4 of Appendix III of the convention sets forth that i

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Wątor, Agnieszka. "Investigation and the Trial of Lt. Col. Bolesław Michał Nieczuja-Ostrowski." Sowiniec 26, no. 47 (2015): 35–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/sowiniec26.2015.47.03.

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This is another article devoted to Lt. Col. Bolesław Michał Nieczuja-Ostrowski “Bolko”, “Tysiąc” (1907-2008) who during the Second World War was an officer of the Polish Army, then of the underground Home Army (Armia Krajowa – AK), and since 1944 the commander of the great unit of the AK: the 106th Infantry Division. The article is associated with the investigations conducted against this man and with a trial as a result of which he was sentenced to death. The author used mainly the materials prepared by the functionaries of the Office of Public Security during the inquiry and the trial that w

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Pichette, Jean-Pierre. "Le rôle des religieux dans l’histoire de la collecte au Canada français. Un panorama." Port Acadie, no. 24-25-26 (October 31, 2013): 36–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019122ar.

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L’histoire de la collecte ethnologique au Canada français pourrait-elle faire fi de la contribution des prêtres et des religieux ? La réponse serait négative dans la plupart des cas, tellement leur apport paraît primordial : depuis le mot d’ordre lancé par l’abbé Henri-Raymond Casgrain (« Hâtons-nous de recueillir… », 1863), en passant par les religieux lexicographes, la Société du parler français au Canada (1902) et le mouvement de « nationalisation de la littérature » de l’abbé Camille Roy (1904-1905) qui allait ouvrir la voie à la littérature du terroir (1914-1945), au travail des généalogi

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Kelentey, Barna. "A debreceni Stomatologiai Klinika története Adler Péter professzor vezetése alatt (1946–1979)." Gerundium 9, no. 3 (2019): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29116/gerundium/2018/3/2.

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History of the Stomatology Clinic in Debrecen under the Leadership of Professor Péter Adler (1946–1979). With the approaching front of the 2nd World War in October 9, 1944, Professor András Csilléry head of the Stomatology Clinic left Debrecen because of his political views, so the institution remained without a leader until 17th November. Thereafter as a substitute, trainees then Stefánia Morvay Assistant Lecturer under the supervision of Professor Gyula Verzár was the head. From June 20, 1946, Péter Adler was assigned to the lead, which was one of the longest leading positions of the Faculty

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Isapchuk, Yulia. "Mentors and Ingeborg Bachman: A Writing Workshop for a Successful Start." Pitannâ lìteraturoznavstva, no. 106 (December 30, 2022): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/pytlit2022.106.064.

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The article studies the image of a mentor for the development of a novice author on the example of the work of the successful Austrian writer Ingeborg Bachmann (1926–1973). The role of a tutor is analysed from her first texts to the status of a Viennese intellectual in the middle of the 20th century. The direct influence of older writers and artists from the same generation on the formation of her author’s style is gradually investigated. The figure of the first mentor, the Carinthian writer and teacher Joseph Friedrich Perkonig is emphasized in the example of her early story “The Cross of Hon

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Lagno, Anna R. "Who, what, to whom and on what language speaks? Polish-Ukrainian borderland in the 1940s: from the history of a family." Central-European Studies 2019, no. 2 (11) (2020): 228–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2619-0877.2019.2.10.

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Polish-Ukrainian borderland is commonly associated with Austrian Eastern Galicia. The river San marked the western border, and the river Zbruch marked the eastern one. It was multiethnic and multicultural land. At the beginning of the twentieth century Eastern Galicia acquired an exceptional symbolic meaning, becoming the place of collision of two state projects - Polish and Ukrainian. The complex relationship between Ukrainians and Poles was escalated by the Second World War. The problem of national minorities was to be solved by resettlement, that took place from 1944 to 1946. So during and

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Grégoire, Claude. "En dépit des frontières linguistiques. Correspondance littéraire entre Germaine Guèvremont et William Arthur Deacon (1946–1956), and: Théâtre comique de Régis Roy (1864–1944) (review)." University of Toronto Quarterly 78, no. 1 (2009): 609–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/utq.0.0479.

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Papailias, Michail. "Research on the Social and Economic Differentiations in the Greek Rural Sector During the Period 1830-2030." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 14, no. 4 (2014): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2014.14.4.76.

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In 1830 farmers constituted the majority of the Greek population. Part of these was small landowners or small livestock farmers, while the largest part of them was landless. The large farms were few. In the 1920s the entrance of 1.5 million refugees from Asia Minor and the departure of 600 thousands Muslims (with the exchange of populations) had as a result the dissolution of the manors, which were in the hands of the Turks. In the year 1950 due to the German occupation (1941-1944) and civil war (1946-1949) the agriculture returned in the level of the 1930s. In 2000, almost twenty years from t

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GALCHENKO, Valeriy, Valentina NEMTSOVA, Volodymyr SACHKO, and Igor CHUDIYOVYCH. "MYKHAILO KOZYK – ARTIST AND EXECUTIVE: RETURN FROM OBLIVION." HUDPROM: The Ukrainian Art and Design Journal 2023, no. 1 (2023): 140–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33625/hudprom2023.01.140.

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The article is dedicated to the half forgotten Ukrainian artist Mykhailo Kozyk (1879–1947) – a master of impressive still lifes, portraits, landscape paintings, genre paintings and monumental church paintings, as well as an artist of original illustrations. Kozyk belongs to the generation of artists who entered the arena of Ukrainian cultural and artistic life at the beginning of the 20th century. The heyday of his talent came in the 1930s – the first half of the 1940s. During the years of his work, M. Kozyk created more than 500 paintings and monumental paintings, as well as several hundred g

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Pluzhnikov, Victor. "«Forgotten name... Yakov A. Rosenstein»." Aspects of Historical Musicology 16, no. 16 (2019): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-16.05.

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Problem statement. Conductor is considered to be one of the most prestigious occupation in musical field, so there has always been a certain interest to its history. But, despite a large amount of literature, there are no musicologist’s scientific works, with the systematized and generalized materials on training conducting staff in Ukraine in the 1920s – 1940s. This is partly due to a shortage of primary documents at a difficult historical period: most of them were destroyed by the employees of state institutions before being evacuated behind the lines during the Second World War; the other p

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Grickevičius, Artūras. "Adelė Dirsytė’s Pedagogical Work (1939–1946)." Genocidas ir rezistencija 2, no. 46 (2024): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.61903/gr.2019.202.

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The pedagogical work of Adelė Dirsytė, a teacher and resister, who is titled “God Maid” by the Lithuanian Catholic Church has not been so far analysed separately at a scientific level. The only one work (at the same time – a publicist work as well) on this subject is the book “Adelė Dirsytė: her life and work”, compiled by Dr. Mindaugas Bloznelis, Vilnius: Academy of the Catholics, 2003“. Yet, in this source, the pedagogic path of the hero of this article is described too narrowly, inaccurately, or (in any cases) misleadingly. Administrative and court documents present at the Central State Arc

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Pedersen, Lars Schreiber. "Føreren fra Lendum." Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 53 (March 2, 2014): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v53i0.118854.

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Lars Schreiber Pedersen: The Führer from Lendum In writer Erik Aalbæk Jensen’s well-known homeland novel from Vendsyssel Perleporten (The Pearl Gate) from 1964, the figure “Kratholmmanden” (the Kratholm man), is a local farm owner and Nazi leader, who with mixed success tries to win his local area’s residents over to the cause of National Socialism. Erik Aalbæk Jensen’s “Kratholmmand” character was based on Christian Mikkelstrup. During 1934–44, Mikkelstrup was a member of the National Socialist Workers’ Party of Denmark (DNSAP) and from 1935–44 he functioned as the party leader in Horns

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