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Journal articles on the topic 'Germany – Commercial policy – History'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Sarkar, Jayita. "U.S. Policy to Curb West European Nuclear Exports, 1974–1978." Journal of Cold War Studies 21, no. 2 (2019): 110–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00877.

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After India's detonation of a nuclear explosive in 1974 publicly demonstrated the proliferation risks from nuclear assistance, the U.S. government increased its efforts to control nuclear exports worldwide. In doing so, U.S. policymakers faced challenges from two major West European allies, France and West Germany, both of which pursued their commercial interests through nuclear exports to countries such as Pakistan, Brazil, Iran, and India, among others. Despite multilateral efforts including the formation of the Nuclear Suppliers Group and bilateral negotiations with the supplier governments

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2

Harwood, Jonathan. "The Fate of Peasant-Friendly Plant Breeding in Nazi Germany." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 40, no. 4 (2010): 569–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2010.40.4.569.

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The peasantry played a central role in National Socialist ideology, as both a source of racial strength and a foundation of the economy. In this paper I explore the extent to which the regime's policies actually favored peasant farming. The first section looks at the overall character of agricultural policy and demonstrates that although peasant farmers were targeted for special assistance from 1933 until 1936, they were neglected thereafter as the economy geared up for war. In the second section I focus upon a particular set of policies——-the regime's attempts to promote the use of high-quali

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Moreno, Julio E. "J. Walter Thompson, the Good Neighbor Policy, and Lessons in Mexican Business Culture, 1920–1950." Enterprise & Society 5, no. 2 (2004): 254–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700013495.

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This article looks at the corporate history of J. Walter Thompson to examine the nature of U.S.-Mexican relations in the aftermath of the Great Depression and World War II. It contends that local conditions, along with a cadre of “progressive” Good Neighbor Policy diplomats, forced American companies to adopt the role of “commercial diplomats,” altering the nature of what, up to 1940, had been a tense and bitter binational relationship. The article shows how Thompson's role as a commercial diplomat changed its previous “capitalist missionary” approach and how it complemented American diplomacy

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Filiashin, Alexei S. "PRIVATE PROSCUTION IN ENGLISH CRIMINAL PROCEDURE: HISTORY AND LEGAL NATURE." Ser-11_2023 64, no. 4, 2023 (2023): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0113-11-64-4-5.

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Historically, English criminal procedure is characterised by the role of private prosecution, which allowed each person to bring charges against any other person. A relic of the Middle Ages, it has nevertheless survived successfully to the present day, although it has undergone a number of significant transformations. Its remarkable resilience, despite its inability to serve as a fullfledged instrument of Crown criminal policy, is due to the fact that the ancient procedural form is constantly emerging with new uses. In the twentieth century there was a growing demand for it by commercial and n

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Davis, J. R. "Trade, Politics, Perspectives and the Question of a British Commercial Policy towards the German States, 1848-66." German History 15, no. 2 (1997): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/15.2.253.

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Višnjakov, Jaroslav Valerijanovič. "Energetska politika Ruskog carstva na Balkanu krajem XIX i početkom XX veka." Tokovi istorije 31, no. 1 (2023): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31212/tokovi.2023.1.vis.13-38.

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The article, based on the documents of the Archive of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, files for the first time introduced into scientific circulation, reveals the plans of the Russian Empire for economic penetration into the markets of Serbia and other Balkan countries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. A special place in the economic strategy of the St. Petersburg ruling circles in relation to the Balkan region was played by the activities of the Russian Danube shipping company, which was assigned not only a commercial, but also a political role, as one of the important fact

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Mergel, Thomas. "Americanization, European Styles or National Codes? The Culture of Election Campaigning in Western Europe, 1945–1990." East Central Europe 36, no. 2 (2009): 254–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633009x411520.

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AbstractThe culture of election campaigning in postwar Western Europe allegedly has been shaped by a process of Americanization. In terms of political communication, Americanization has four distinct features: proximity of political marketing to commercial marketing, personalization and professionalization of campaigns, and media centered strategies. Based on an analyses of some European cultures of electioneering – Germany, Great Britain, and Italy – the main thesis of the paper is that the shared features are only to a smaller degree the results of American influences, but rather parallel tr

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Thuring, Christine, and Gary Grant. "The biodiversity of temperate extensive green roofs – a review of research and practice." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 62, no. 1-2 (2016): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15659801.2015.1091190.

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From its beginnings in Germany in the twentieth century, a thriving extensive green roof industry has become established in many countries in temperate climates. Based upon the success of the industry, and with an expectation that this technology will be adopted in other climates, this review of the ecological research of extensive green roofs aims to evaluate the application of this knowledge. The modern extensive green roof is the product of research in the 1970s by German green roof pioneers; the selection of suitable species from analogue habitats led to green roof vegetation dominated by

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9

Nyahoho, Emmanuel. "L'accord monétaire de Maastricht et ses implications de politiques économiques." Études internationales 24, no. 2 (2005): 355–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/703171ar.

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The precised calendar of Maastricht treaty for setting up the european System of central banks (ESCB) and the european central bank (ECB) with a single currency can merely be explained by the concern of the member countries of having such a monetary integration before the end of the century. There's every chance that ESCB be formed with limited number of countries, namely: France, Germany, Luxembourg, Netherlands. If the objectives of price controls and non monetisation of debt assigned to ESCB are unequivocal, the responsability of fixing the parity of écu vis-à-vis third currencies which bel

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Kopper, Christopher. "Germany's National Socialist Transport Policy and the Claim of Modernity: Reality or Fake?" Journal of Transport History 34, no. 2 (2013): 162–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/tjth.34.2.5.

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The construction of the extensive motorway network by the Nazi regime has often been seen as a textbook example of a thorough motorisation policy. But the motorway construction took place under a transport policy that favoured public railroads at the expense of private road haulage companies. A strict regulation of freight rates prevented road hauliers from competing with railroads and gaining a greater share of the freight market. The division of administrative and planning competencies between the motor-minded enthusiasts around Hitler's road builder Fritz Todt and the railroad lobby in the

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Blackler, Adam A. "From Boondoggle to Settlement Colony: Hendrik Witbooi and the Evolution of Germany's Imperial Project in Southwest Africa, 1884–1894." Central European History 50, no. 4 (2017): 449–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938917000887.

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AbstractIn the span of ten years, what started as a minor commercial enterprise in a faraway African territory grew into an important extension of the German state. This article reorients our understanding of the relationship between theKaiserreichand its overseas empire, specifically with a focus on Captain Hendrik Witbooi and on how the Witbooi Namaqua he led influenced the evolution of German imperial rule in Southwest Africa between 1884 and 1894. Witbooi's refusal to accept imperial authority compelled colonial officials to confront their administrative limitations in the colony. When the

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Lindner, Ulrike, and Stuart S. Blume. "Vaccine Innovation and Adoption: Polio Vaccines in the UK, the Netherlands and West Germany, 1955–1965." Medical History 50, no. 4 (2006): 425–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300010279.

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“An effective AIDS vaccine could be found as early as 2012, saving 6 million lives if the world is willing to put £10 bn a year into a new programme, the chancellor, Gordon Brown, said in a speech last night in Tanzania”. Faith in biomedical science; the conviction that new vaccines will be translated into lives saved; belief in the necessity of globally concerted action: the British minister's statement reflects views of vaccine innovation that are widely held today. New and improved vaccines seem our best hope of coping with the scourge of AIDS, of arming ourselves against the unknown threat

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Wald, Andreas. "The Effect of 'Mode 2'-Related Policy on the Research Process: The Case of Publicly Funded German Nanotechnology." Science & Technology Studies 20, no. 1 (2007): 26–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55218.

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Recent reforms in science policy seem to be in line with the archetype of ‘Mode 2’ of knowledge production. This study on publicly funded German nanotechnology research seeks answers to questions concerning the prevalence, the effects and the appropriateness of Mode 2-related policy. The level of analysis is the individual research group. The results reveal that nanotechnology research does not fit into the picture portrayed by Mode 2 literature. Nevertheless, effects of Mode 2-related policies can be observed. Funding schemes often require an immediate relevance for commercial application and

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Ippolitov, Sergei Sergeevich. "Russian Emigration of the First Wave in Germany: Humanitarian and Legal aspects of Adaptation, 1917-1920s." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 1 (January 2020): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.1.31909.

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The article discusses the activities of Russian humanitarian, professional and public organizations in determining the legal status of Russian migrants in Europe and providing legal assistance to refugees and Russian legal entities in exile in 1917 - 1920s, as well as the trade unions of Russian lawyers in exile and their activities of legal assistance to their compatriots. The author examines the foreign policy of different states concerning the legal discrimination of Russian refugees and the geopolitical context in which the legal integration of Russian emigration took place in the societie

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Olukoju, Ayodeji. "Rotgut and Revenue: Fiscal Aspects of the Liquor Trade in Southern Nigeria, 1890–1919." Itinerario 21, no. 2 (1997): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300022853.

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Once recommended by A.G. Hopkins as a ‘profitable subject of future research’, the European liquor trade in West Africa has since then received considerable attention from scholars. While Lynn Pan examined the region in a broad survey of the African liquor trade, other scholars have focused on more specific aspects of the topic. To be sure, much of the literature has concentrated on the ideological controversy between the defenders and opponents of the European liquor traffic. Other aspects of the subject, however, such as the significance of the liquor traffic in the Anglo-German commercial r

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Spall, Nick. "The Past, Present and Future of UK Human Spaceflight." Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 76, no. 6 (2023): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.59332/jbis-076-06-0190.

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This paper provides a broad review of the UK’s interest in human spaceflight (HSF), covering its past, present and possible future. It looks at the origins of the national interest, starting with the British science fiction “visionaries” HG Wells and AC Clarke from the early 1900s. Considering what might have been if governments had more fully invested in UK HSF activity during the 1960-80s, it notes that despite a positive cultural enthusiasm the UK appears to have been held back by institutional scepticism and a lack of government financial commitment - this attitude strongly contrasted with

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Claire, Sarah. "The Ore Mountains Mining Area in Bohemia: A Reservoir of Silver Resources in Central Europe in the Sixteenth Century." Global Environment 15, no. 1 (2022): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/ge.2022.150103.

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This study of the bohemian Ore Mountains illustrates the stranglehold of wealthy German entrepreneurs (the Welser, Höchtstetter, Fugger, Nutzel, etc.) on the mineral resources of the Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge, Krušné hory) in Bohemia in the sixteenth century, at the expense of the local population. The German commercial firms were the only ones in the region with sufficient capital to invest in the development of Bohemian mines. They had control over a large part of the ore production, which was sent to dynamic north-western European markets. The income generated by the extraction remained tem

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Janes, Jackson, and Stephen Szabo. "Angela Merkel's Germany." Current History 106, no. 698 (2007): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2007.106.698.106.

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Vogl, Thomas. "French Influences on Germany’s Commercial Courts in the Nineteenth Century." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 88, no. 3-4 (2020): 469–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-00880a19.

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Summary The present contribution explores the extent of influence which French law had on the development of Germany’s commercial courts in the nineteenth century. Modern literature describes this influence as marginal, yet without further proof. The author takes this state of research as a starting point to compare the Napoleonic legislation on commercial courts with the German commercial court systems of the nineteenth century. However, the present contribution will start with an overview of the German legal situation at the end of the eighteenth century. This is followed by an examination o

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Parsons, R. M. "History of Technology Policy—Commercial Nuclear Power." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice 121, no. 2 (1995): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1052-3928(1995)121:2(85).

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21

Knetsch, Thomas A. "Compilation of Commercial Property Price Indices for Germany Tailored for Policy Use." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 241, no. 4 (2021): 437–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2019-0072.

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Abstract The compilation of commercial property price indices (CPPIs) is challenging. Policymakers urge for timely, reliable and comprehensive data. In Germany, lack of data prevents the calculation of official figures by the national statistical authority. Different applications of price indices need different definitions of commercial real estate. CPPIs according to these definitions are constructed on the basis of existing data for 127 German towns and cities (that cover about one-third of German population). The overall price developments revealed by the various indices are rather similar

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Hartenian, Larry. "The Role of Media in Democratizing Germany: United States Occupation Policy 1945–1949." Central European History 20, no. 2 (1987): 145–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900012589.

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The Allied defeat of the German Wehrmacht in May 1945 brought the military struggle against fascism in Europe to an end. Yet with the occupation of Germany the struggle against fascism was to continue on other fronts. Germany was to be “demilitarized,” the economy “decartelized,” and the society “denazified. ” Ultimately Germany was to be “democratized.” The newly established media were to play a major role in the transformation of German attitudes, in this attempt to “reeducate” the Germans.

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Janes, Jack. "The Ampel Coalition's Foreign Policy Challenges." German Politics and Society 40, no. 4 (2022): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2022.400405.

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Abstract German-American relations have been impacted by the war in Ukraine for reasons that have to do with domestic and foreign policy challenges. Germany is struggling with its responsibilities to increased expectations in Washington and within the European Union. The responses in Berlin to the Russian invasion of Ukraine have resulted in tensions within Europe as Germany tries to shape its policies around what Chancellor Olaf Scholz has called the Zeitenwende (turning point) of German foreign policy. The u.s. has also signaled its expectations that Germany needs to be a partner in sharing

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Usborne, C. "Fertility Control and Population Policy in Germany, 1910-28." German History 8, no. 2 (1990): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635549000800205.

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Usborne, C. "Fertility Control and Population Policy in Germany, 1910-28." German History 8, no. 2 (1990): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/8.2.199.

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KORDAS, Jerzy, and Andrzej KUDŁASZYK. "POLAND BETWEEN USSR (RUSSIA) AND FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY (GERMANY) IN THE FIRST STAGE OF TRANSFORMATION (1989-1992). SELECTED PROBLEMS." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 160, no. 2 (2011): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0002.2971.

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The paper presents the first years of transformation in Polish policy referring to relations with USSR (Russia) and Federal Republic of Germany (Germany), after the year 1989.Radical reorientation of Polish foreign and commercial policy from east to west was described as well. The process was taking place smoothly not to disturb the course taken by Mikhail Gorbachev, which was supported by both Poland and the West. It rested on building bonds between Poland and Germany, which were introducing Poland to “stay for good” in the Western World. It was accompanied by building a brand new “security a

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Kovalchuk, Ivan. "ОСНОВНІ ВИМОГИ ДО СУДДІВ ТА ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЇХНЬОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В КРАЙОВИХ СУДАХ ГАЛИЧИНИ (1850–1918)". Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law, № 79 (15 грудня 2024): 76–85. https://doi.org/10.30970/vla.2024.79.076.

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The article analyzes the main requirements for judges and the peculiarities of their activities in the regional courts of Galicia (1850–1918). It is noted that regional (district) courts acted as courts of second instance for the appeals against decisions of district courts as well as courts of first instance in a specified district when considering criminal and civil cases, the value of the subject matter of which was more than 1,000 crowns. Regional courts in Galicia, as courts of first instance, considered: civil cases (family disputes, guardianship cases, cases of restoration of rights, ad

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Kundnani, Hans. "Germany Rethinks Its Role in the World." Current History 114, no. 770 (2015): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2015.114.770.115.

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Muydinov, Dilshod Najmiddinovich. "Comparative Analysis of Germany and France Migration Policy." Sarcouncil Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 11 (2024): 14–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14206187.

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This article compares the migration policies of Germany and France. The specific migration history, political views and social integration approaches of these countries are examined. By studying the management policies of Germany and France in determining their migration routes and the immigration measures based on labor demand, common approaches to migration issues in the European Union are identified

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Jonas, Manfred, and Hermann-Josef Rupieper. "The Occupied Ally: The American Germany Policy, 1949-1955." Journal of American History 81, no. 2 (1994): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2081387.

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Perleth, Matthias, Bernhard Gibis, and Britta Göhlen. "A short history of health technology assessment in Germany." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 25, S1 (2009): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462309090515.

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Objectives: To provide an overview of the development of health technology assessment (HTA) in Germany since the 1990s.Methods: Analysis of key documents (e.g. literature, laws, and other official documentation) and personal experiences.Results: Health technology assessment (HTA) entered the political agenda in Germany only in the mid-1990s, basically as the result of a top-down approach toward more efficiency in health care, but with a strong impetus of an evidence-based medicine movement. Accordingly, HTA became part of several healthcare reform laws since 1997, which led to the establishmen

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Mommsen, Wolfgang J. "Public Opinion and Foreign Policy in Wilhelmian Germany, 1897–1914." Central European History 24, no. 4 (1991): 381–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900019221.

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The age of high imperialism was also the age of the emergence of mass journalism. This heralded a steady widening of what might be called the “political nation,” that is, those groups who took an active interest in politics in contrast to the mass of the population still largely outside the political arena. Up to the 1890s politics tended to be Honoratiorenpolitik—confined to “notables” or Honoratioren, a term first applied by Max Weber around the turn of the century to describe the elites who had dominated the political power structure up to that time. Gradually “public opinion” ceased to be,

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Cohn, Raymond L. "Fiscal policy in Germany during the Great Depression." Explorations in Economic History 29, no. 3 (1992): 318–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4983(92)90041-t.

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Dunn, James A., and Anthony Perl. "Policy Networks and Industrial Revitalization: High Speed Rail Initiatives in France and Germany." Journal of Public Policy 14, no. 3 (1994): 311–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00007303.

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ABSTRACTUsing Atkinson and Coleman's typology of policy networks, this article shows how many of the differences in policy outcomes can be traced to the structure of the policy environment in each nation. French and Germany policy makers adopted a strategy of investing in high speed passenger transport to revitalize their declining railway sectors. The French TGV was developed in a state-directed policy network which insisted on cost containment and commercial viability. In Germany a corporatist style of policymaking in the rail sector led to delays and higher costs for the ICE train. A separa

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Sharp, James Roger, and Doron S. Ben-Atar. "The Origins of Jeffersonian Commercial Policy and Diplomacy." Journal of Southern History 60, no. 4 (1994): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2211078.

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Kosow, Hannah, Sandra Wassermann, Stephan Bartke, et al. "Addressing Goal Conflicts: New Policy Mixes for Commercial Land Use Management." Land 11, no. 6 (2022): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060795.

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Commercial land use management that focuses on a future-oriented urban and regional development must address multiple goals. Effective policy mixes need to simultaneously (1) improve city-regional and inter-municipal cooperation, (2) reduce land take, and (3) assure the long-term economic development of a region. Using the Northern Black Forest in Germany as a case study, we brought together planning and land use research with public policy analysis. We applied cross-impact balances (CIB) to build and analyze a participatory policy-interaction model. Together with a group of 12 experts, we sel

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Willis, F. Roy, and Wolfram F. Hanrieder. "Germany, America, Europe: Forty Years of German Foreign Policy." American Historical Review 96, no. 3 (1991): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2162467.

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Mouton, Michelle. "Rescuing Children and Policing Families: Adoption Policy in Weimar and Nazi Germany." Central European History 38, no. 4 (2005): 545–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916105775563526.

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When the First World War ended, Germany experienced an unprecedented period of political revolution, economic turmoil, and social upheaval. Among the myriad problems facing the nation was one concern that cut across party lines and prompted attention at both the national and local levels. Lawmakers, doctors, clergy, and ordinary Germans across the political spectrum agreed that the breakdown of the family had weakened the nation, contributed to military defeat, worsened economic misery, and exacerbated societal conflict. High divorce and illegitimacy rates together with an alarmingly low birth

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Lamberti, Marjorie. "German Antifascist Refugees in America and the Public Debate on “What Should be Done with Germany after Hitler,” 1941–1945." Central European History 40, no. 2 (2007): 279–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938907000544.

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The debate over “what should be done with Germany after Hitler” became so intense in America in 1943–44 that competitive organizations were created to influence public opinion and official postwar planning. German refugees fought on both sides in the crossfire of opinion. Recent historical scholarship has discussed the failure of the German political emigration to gain formal political recognition from the United States government and the right to participate in Allied planning for postwar Germany. Though correct, this contention should not obscure the significant role that some of the anti-Na

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Rakestraw, Donald A., Jeffry M. Diefendorf, Axel Frohn, and Hermann-Josef Rupieper. "American Policy and the Reconstruction of West Germany, 1945-1955." Journal of American History 82, no. 1 (1995): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2082127.

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Chappel, James. "“On the Border of Old Age”: An Entangled History of Eldercare in East Germany." Central European History 53, no. 2 (2020): 353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000893892000014x.

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ABSTRACTHistorical research has turned in the last years more intensively toward entangled and transnational histories of biopolitics, the family, and the welfare state, but without renewed interest in aging and pension policy, a sphere of human experience that is often interrogated in parochial terms, if at all. An analysis of the culture and policies of old age in East Germany in the 1950s and 1960s shows the importance of a transnational history of this subject. The GDR, the Communist state with the greatest proportion of elderly citizens, needed to create a socialist model of aging. Neithe

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Ilcev, Dimov Stojce. "The development of maritime radar. Part 2: Since 1939." International Journal of Maritime History 32, no. 4 (2020): 1008–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871420977964.

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This research note outlines advances in the development of shipborne radar in Britain, Germany, the US and the Soviet Union. It focuses on the inventions and innovations in electronic and radars techniques for military and commercial applications on the eve of the Second World War, during the war and in the post-war period.

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Weeks, William Earl, and Doron S. Ben-Atar. "The Origins of Jeffersonian Commercial Policy and Diplomacy." Journal of American History 81, no. 1 (1994): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2081036.

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Rathkolb, Oliver. "Austria's “Ostpolitik” in the 1950s and 1960s: Honest Broker or Double Agent?" Austrian History Yearbook 26 (January 1995): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800004276.

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In literature on diplomacy, the term Ostpolitik refers to the new foreign policy of the Federal Republic of Germany introduced in 1966. The policy, was initiated by the grand coalition of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the Christian Social Union (CSU), and the Social Democratic party (SPD) and was continued after 1969 by the SPD and Free Democratic party (FDP) coalition. The policy aimed at reconciling Germany with Poland and the Soviet Union. Willy Brandt, the SPD foreign minister from 1966 to 1969 and chancellor from 1969 until 1974, and Walter Scheel, FDP foreign minister from 1969 t

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Wippich, Rolf‐Harald. "Molding democrats: American reeducation policy in Germany and Japan." European Legacy 1, no. 2 (1996): 796–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10848779608579485.

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Bendix, Daniel. "Decolonizing development education policy: The case of Germany." International Journal of Development Education and Global Learning 10, no. 2 (2018): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18546/ijdegl.10.2.04.

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Germany has only recently started to discuss the possible contribution, on a conceptual basis, of post-colonial theory to development education. Drawing on key policy papers, this article explores how post-colonial and antiracist critiques of German development education have changed the field in the past decade. It first provides the history of development education in Germany and sketches the recent, decade-long debate on post-colonial perspectives in the field. The article then puts forward how development education policy deals with the topics of development, colonialism and demographics.

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Kennedy, Ross A. "STRATEGIC CALCULATIONS IN WOODROW WILSON'S NEUTRALITY POLICY, 1914–1917." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 17, no. 4 (2018): 608–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781418000269.

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This article analyzes Woodrow Wilson's view of the First World War's implications for U.S. national security and the way in which he related the balance of power between the belligerents at different points in time to his diplomatic objectives. It approaches this topic, which is a subject of much debate among historians, by comparing Wilson's view of the war from late 1914 to early 1915 with that of his secretary of state, William Jennings Bryan, and by examining how those perceptions shaped the response of the two leaders to the sinking of theLusitania. Bryan and Wilson both wanted the United

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Kellogg, Frederick. "Reviews of Books:Romanian Policy towards Germany, 1936-40 Rebecca Haynes." American Historical Review 107, no. 1 (2002): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/532270.

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HOERBER, THOMAS. "PSYCHOLOGY AND REASONING IN THE ANGLO-GERMAN NAVAL AGREEMENT, 1935–1939." Historical Journal 52, no. 1 (2009): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x08007358.

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ABSTRACTThis article will analyse the psychology and reasoning in the Anglo-German naval agreement and it will hence ask the following questions. First, how did preceding naval agreements influence the conclusion of the Anglo-German naval agreement. Secondly, what were the reasons for Germany to conclude it? Thirdly, what were the reasons for Britain to conclude it? Fourthly, how does it fit into the larger strategy of arms limitations? And, finally, what part did the Anglo-German naval agreement play in the overall strategy of Germany and Britain in the interwar years? In order to come to a c

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Perkins, Edwin J., and Doron S. Ben-Atar. "The Origins of Jeffersonian Commercial Policy and Diplomacy." American Historical Review 99, no. 4 (1994): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2168920.

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