Academic literature on the topic 'Germany, history, 1990-'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Germany, history, 1990-.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Germany, history, 1990-"
1
Igo, William. "Carr, A History Of Germany - 1815-1990." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 18, no. 2 (1993): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.18.2.86.
Full textAbstract:
Now in its fourth edition, William Carr's A History of Germany: 1815-1990 still ranks as one of the best single volume works available, succinctly delineating the political and diplomatic history of post-Napoleonic Germany. The first edition (1969) covered German history from 1815 until the end of World War II and received much acclaim and some criticism, though most of the criticisms were based upon differences in historical interpretation, not factual presentation. The second edition clarified Carr's historical interpretations and expanded the information on the Wilhelmine and Weimar eras. The third edition included a new chapter "The Two Germanies" covering 1945 to 1984. Carr's fourth edition "cleans up" the third edition's added chapter and includes a new chapter on Germany's reunification in 1990
2
LAMMERS, KARL CHRISTIAN. "Glücksfall Bundesrepublik: New Germany and the 1960s." Contemporary European History 17, no. 1 (2008): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777307004316.
Full textAbstract:
The downfall and disappearance of the German Democratic Republic, the GDR, and the unification in 1990 of the two German states into the Federal Republic of Germany, the FRG, marked the end of an era. Forty years of divided and non-simultaneous German history had been brought to an end, and the national or German question had at last been solved. Since 1990 German history has continued as the history of the Federal Republic. From this perspective 1990 marked not an absolute end, but the continuity of the Federal Republic and to some degree even the triumph of the political, economic and social system of the FRG, as the inhabitants of the socialist GDR, when they had the opportunity, voted for joining the successful and wealthy West German state. The end of divided history, however, has had another consequence. Even if the era of the GDR, because of the very favourable archive situation, attracted great attention among historians, the focus of historical research has turned more and more to the history of the Federal Republic in order to analyse and explain why the FRG ended as a success, while the socialist GDR failed in its ambitions and aspirations as an alternative Germany. History demonstrated that the GDR was no German option, although for some time it was a German reality.
3
Spohr, Kristina. "Precluded or Precedent-Setting? The “NATO Enlargement Question” in the Triangular Bonn-Washington-Moscow Diplomacy of 1990–1991." Journal of Cold War Studies 14, no. 4 (2012): 4–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00275.
Full textAbstract:
Controversy arose in the mid-1990s when Russian officials accused Western governments of reneging on binding pledges made to Moscow in 1990 during German unification diplomacy. According to the allegations, Western leaders had solemnly promised that the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) would never expand beyond Germany into Central and Eastern Europe. Were such pledges ever made? Was the Soviet Union betrayed, and if so, by whom, how, and when? Or have various tactical comments been misinterpreted in hindsight? This article seeks to offer new answers to these questions by exploring not simply U.S.-Soviet-West German triangular diplomacy in 1990 but also the evolution of different approaches, ideas, and visions regarding Germany's security arrangements and the wider European security architecture. These ideas were floated publicly and privately, at home and abroad, by Chancellor Helmut Kohl, Foreign Minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher, and other senior West German officials. In showing how ultimately a “unified Germany in NATO” came about after months of intense diplomacy in 1990 to resolve the “German question,” this article refutes the recently made claim that the extension of full membership to the whole of Germany was a precedent-setting expansion of NATO.
4
Merkl, Peter H., and Manfred Gortemaker. "Unifying Germany, 1989-1990." American Historical Review 101, no. 1 (1996): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2169305.
Full text
5
Bauerkämper, Arnd. "Not Dusk, but Dawn: The Cultural Turn and German Social History After 1990." East Central Europe 34-35, no. 1-2 (2008): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-0340350102003.
Full textAbstract:
This article focuses on the evolution of social history in pre- 1989 West Germany and the GDR and, on the basis of this overview, identifies new, innovative historiographical trends on (re-)writing social history in unified Germany. It is argued that, for many decades, West German historiography had been characterized by sharp debates between the more established advocates of investigations into social structures and processes, on the one hand, and the grass-roots historians of everyday life, on the other. Since the early 1990s, however, this antagonism has considerably receded in favour of synthetic perspectives. At the same time, interest in the history of East European states and regions has considerably increased. This article highlights these new analytical trends in recent German historiography by taking as example studies of the social history of the GDR. In the unified Germany, the history of the GDR has received particular attention. Access to new sources has also enabled historians to link the histories of Eastern and Western Europe, either by employing comparative perspectives or investigating cross-border entanglements.
6
Welsh, Helga A. "Higher Education in Germany: Fragmented Change Amid Paradigm Shifts." German Politics and Society 28, no. 2 (2010): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2010.280204.
Full textAbstract:
After the two German states unified in 1990, the tendency to transplant West German practices to the former East Germany was particularly pronounced in areas where systemic differences and perceived inefficiency met ideological reservations. The higher education system was among them. Comprehensive institutional, policy, and personnel transfer from West to East ensued. Starting in the mid 1990s after many failed initiatives, however, new policies were launched in the unified Germany. Reinforced by feedback from institutional and policy transfer to the East, factors such as Europeanization and globalization empowered newly formed advocacy coalitions to advance a reform agenda. Competition and performance seeded other ideas, prominent among them diversification, internationalization, autonomy, and accountability. Existing institutions and firmly rooted traditions still condition and limit change, and reforming the reforms has become commonplace. Differentiation among Länder and higher education institutions has become more pronounced, adding to the variety of outcomes. In ways unforeseen in 1990, some areas of the German higher education system have seen paradigmatic change, while others have survived relatively unscathed. The recalibration of the system continues, and reform pressure persists.
7
Carlin, W. "Privatization in East Germany, 1990-92." German History 10, no. 3 (1992): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gh/10.3.335.
Full text
8
Carlin, W. "Privatization in East Germany, 1990-92." German History 10, no. 3 (1992): 335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635549201000306.
Full text
9
Albisetti, James C. "Introduction." History of Education Quarterly 45, no. 4 (2005): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2005.tb00055.x.
Full textAbstract:
All historians must grapple with the complexities of continuity and change. Yet those who study twentieth-century German history face greater difficulties than most, given the variety of political regimes Germany experienced in that era and their major differences in ideology, degree of stability, and relations with their neighbors. Some Germans, such as former West German Chancellor Willy Brandt, born in 1913, and former East German leader Erich Honecker, born in 1912, experienced all the changes, from childhood under the Kaiser through World War I, the Weimar Republic, the Nazis' “Twelve-Year Reich” (in exile and prison, respectively), the occupation regimes, forty years of what Brandt called “two states in one nation,” and the (re)unification of 1990.
10
Nicholls, A. J. "Germany: The Long Road West, 1933-1990." English Historical Review CXXIV, no. 507 (2009): 494–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cep014.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Germany, history, 1990-"
1
Kern, Thorsten. "West Germany and Namibia's path to independence, 1969-1990: foreign policy and rivalry with East Germany." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24509.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines West Germany's relationship with Namibia between 1969 and 1990. It investigates West German foreign policy towards Namibia, at the height of the Namibian liberation struggle, against the backdrop of East and West German rivalry. It brings to light that the post-war division of Germany into two separate states significantly impacted both German states' policies towards Namibia. The Federal Republic of Germany's (FRG) changing approach towards the German Democratic Republic (GDR) is analysed in relation to the Federal Republic's shifting attitude towards the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO), Namibia's leading national liberation movement. It shows that the political dynamic that drove the normalisation of relations between East and West Germany played a key role in West Germany's move towards supporting SWAPO in the mid-to-late 1970. Furthermore, this thesis demonstrates that the Federal Republic's political landscape was dominated by political division over the issue of SWAPO's role in Namibia's future. This dissertation therefore examines the diverging views among political parties and its wider effects on shaping West Germany's policy towards Namibia. It calls to attention that political discord led to attempts by political factions to influence events in Namibia, independent of the Federal Government, through alternative instruments of foreign policy. Particular attention is also paid to the ideological underpinnings that promoted or hindered interactions and co-operation between East and West Germany in Namibia, on the one hand, and the two German states and SWAPO on the other. It reveals that West Germany's attitude towards SWAPO cannot be separated from the wider realities of the Cold War. In particular, it shows that the normalization of relations between West Germany and SWAPO can only be fully understood against the backdrop of intra-German rivalry.
2
Van, der Heyden Ulrich Klaus Helmut. "GDR development policy with special reference to Africa, c. 1960-1990." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001860.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the political, economic and theoretical underpinnings of the German Democratic Republic’s (GDR’s) development policies towards the Third World between c.1960 and 1990. Particular attention is paid to Africa. Case studies of assistance to SWAPO and the ANC further focus the attention of the reader on southern Africa in particular. Aspects of both military and civilian aid are considered, including both development initiatives overseas in Africa, and development training for Africans within the GDR itself. Since German “reunification”, the GDR’s history has been explored largely from a West German perspective. The present work attempts to provide a more balanced view of successes and shortcomings of the GDR’s policies towards, and interaction with, African countries and liberation movements. It also aims to bring to the attention of English-speaking readers German archival sources, other primary sources and published works which they would otherwise have been unlikely to encounter. From its formation, the GDR made strenuous efforts to develop relations with countries which were either free from colonial dependency or were struggling for freedom. Over the course of thirty years, it followed a number of different approaches, and developed diverse objectives. These were shaped in the wider context of the cold war, the Hallstein doctrine (which established that the FRG – and, in effect, its allies - would not establish or maintain diplomatic relations with any state that recognised the GDR), the relationships between the GDR and partner socialist states, and the economic difficulties faced by the GDR. Arising from this complex situation, from time to time, both internally in the GDR and in terms of its foreign affairs, tensions and discrepancies arose between theoretical objectives and political and economic reality. Despite these severe constraints, during the period under review, the volume and range of the GDR’s relationships with developing countries increased dramatically. For example, between 1970 and 1987, the number of developing countries with which the GDR had foreign economic relations on the basis of international agreements grew from 23 to 64. Viewed within its economic context, the state was arguably far more committed to development aid than the Federal Republic of Germany. In addition, there is a great deal of evidence that “solidarity” with developing nations and the oppressed enjoyed a considerable degree of popular support.
3
Clarke, Kimberly Anne. "The Collapse of Communism in East Germany 1945-1990." W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625687.
Full text
4
Goetze, Stefan. "The transformation of the East German police after German unification." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669799.
Full text
5
Szanajda, Andrij. "From cooperation to alternative settlement : the Allies and the "German problem", 1941-1949." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59901.
Full textAbstract:
This study deals with Allied policy for postwar Germany during the Second World War (1941-1945) and the Allied occupation (1945-1949). It is shown that the ideological division and the conflicting objectives of the occupation powers led to a disintegration of cooperation between the occupation powers, and resulted in the division of Germany as an alternative settlement to the "German Problem". The evidence is based on the available government documents, eye-witness accounts, and secondary sources.
6
Vonyó, Tamás. "Post-war reconstruction and the economic miracle : the dynamics of West German economic growth during the 1950s and 1960s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669982.
Full text
7
Arnhold, Nina. "The evaluation of East German higher education and research by the Wissenschaftsrat : a study with particular reference to the Teacher Education Commission and its work." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670214.
Full text
8
Dodd, Andrew. "West German editorial journalists between division and reunification, 1987-1991." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4205.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis analyzes the published commentary of editorial journalists regarding the division of Germany in twelve major newspapers of the Federal Republic of Germany in a period spanning from the final years of division to the immediate aftermath of the unification of the two German states. The study tracks editorial advocacy in response to East German leader Erich Honecker's Bonn visit in 1987 coupled with the intra-German policy efforts of the Social Democratic Party in opposition, which seemed to edge towards two-state neutralism; the wave of repression in the German Democratic Republic from late 1987 onward in the wake of Mikhail Gorbachev's reform programme, and the June 1989 visit of Mikhail Gorbachev to Bonn. Journalistic commentators' propagation of a form of constitutional patriotism as a Federal Republican identity will be examined. Responses to the East German Revolution as it developed in late 1989 are analyzed in detail, followed by an account of journalistic efforts to define the political-cultural parameters of united Germany between March 1990 and June 1991. After four decades, the post-war division of Germany had acquired a degree of normalcy. Journalistic commentators argued against any acceptance of division that also accepted the existence of the party-state dictatorship in the German Democratic Republic, insisting that the German Question was 'open' until self-determination for East Germans was realized. Nevertheless, throughout the period journalistic commentators argued in unison against solutions to division which would alienate the Federal Republic from its western alliance or put its established socio-political order at risk. Contemporary journalism propagated an image of the Federal Republic that was thoroughly defined by its post-war internalization of 'Western' value norms. This was most evident during the East German Revolution and the immediate aftermath, ostensibly the moment of greatest uncertainty about Germany's future path, when commentators became champions of continuity within the western alliance.
9
Pasqualini, Arianna. "Transcultural memories of German-Namibian history (1978-1990): : Micro-perspectives from the global autobiographies of Lucia Engombe and Stefanie Lahya Aukongo." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Afrikanska studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-28965.
Full textAbstract:
The present thesis deals with the Namibian liberation struggle against the South African regime, by focusing on the relationship of solidarity between SWAPO and East Germany. It provides an original perspective of the German-Namibian history between 1978-1990, by using the life stories of Lucia Engombe and Stefanie Lahya Aukongo. They are Namibian women who, according to the pact of solidarity, lived on the brink between Namibia and East Germany, becoming in this way witnesses of the historical upheavals that have changed the global order. Then, this thesis makes use of Child No. 95. My German-African Odyssey – the autobiography of Lucia Engombe – and Kalungas Kind: meine unglaubliche Reise uns Leben – the autobiography of Stefanie Layha Aukongo – as sources to investigate the complexities of that period. The global lives of Lucia Engombe and Stefanie Lahya Aukongo allow the combination of macro and micro history and bring out new facets, which otherwise would remain in the shadow. Through the deconstruction of their life narratives, in fact, the big narrative of the global history become fraught with new meanings, bringing out the power of microhistories. This thesis shows how individual autobiographies can be meaningful to history, and how global history can be reconciled with micro-history through the story of global lives, which provide new and unprecedented points of view.
10
Bouiller, Sophie. "Le Parti social-démocrate allemand et la justice sociale dans les années 1980. Une identité social-démocrate à l'épreuve de l'unification (1989-1990)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL024.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse propose une analyse des notions de justice sociale et d'État-providence au prisme de la politique sociale du SPD dans les années 1980. À la fois parti d'opposition au Bundestag à Bonn et parti au pouvoir dans certains Länder en RFA, le SPD se trouvait dans une position ambiguë, propre au fédéralisme allemand. Afin de peser sur les réformes sociales initiées par le ministre du Travail Norbert Blüm (CDU) pour résoudre la crise de l'État-providence, les sociaux-démocrates adoptèrent une stratégie alternant opposition et coopération avec le gouvernement Kohl. Dans le même temps, ils engagèrent un travail de refondation programmatique en vue de reconquérir le pouvoir en 1990. Aux divisions générationnelles communément admises par la recherche se substitua une fracture entre une « aile sociale » adepte d'une politique traditionnelle et une « aile réformatrice » sensible aux valeurs post-matérialistes et « écosocialistes ». Du fait de son immédiateté, le processus d'unification de l'Allemagne (1989-1990) constitua un révélateur permettant de juger, à l'épreuve des faits, la validité des programmes et des discours sociaux-démocrates. Malgré les propositions concrètes de Rudolf Dreßler pour améliorer l'union sociale entre la RFA et la RDA, le SPD ne parvint ni à se faire entendre sur la question de l'unité allemande ni à imposer sa volonté de refonder l'État-providence. Les réserves d'Oskar Lafontaine sur l'emballement des coûts économiques et sociaux contribuèrent à entretenir la confusion concernant la position du SPD sur l'unité allemande<br>This doctoral thesis analyses the concepts of social justice and the welfare state in light of the social policies of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in the 1980s. Both in the opposition in the Bundestag in Bonn and in office in some West German Länders, the SPD found itself in an ambiguous position, peculiar to German federalism. The Social Democrats took on a strategy based alternatively on opposition and cooperation with Helmut Kohl’s government, in order to influence the welfare reforms introduced by the Labour Minister Norbert Blüm (Christian Democratic Union, CDU). The SPD simultaneously started to overhaul its political platform with a view to taking back power in 1990. The generational conflicts, which have been widely established by researchers, gave way to a new divide between a “social wing” advocating a traditional policy and a “reforming wing” drawn towards post-materialist and “eco-socialist” values. By virtue of its immediacy, the German unification process (1989-1990) proved to be a litmus test, which allowed the efficiency of the SDP’s agenda and rhetoric to be evaluated. In spite of Rudolf Dreßler’s concrete propositions to improve the social union between East and West Germany, the SDP failed both to share its views on German unification and to impose its determination to overhaul the welfare state. Oskar Lafontaine’s reservations about the economic and social costs spiralling out of control contributed to a blurring of the lines on the SDP’s position on German unification.This doctoral thesis analyses the concepts of social justice and the welfare state in light of the social policies of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in the 1980s. Both in the opposition in the Bundestag in Bonn and in office in some West German Länders, the SPD found itself in an ambiguous position, peculiar to German federalism. The Social Democrats took on a strategy based alternatively on opposition and cooperation with Helmut Kohl’s government, in order to influence the welfare reforms introduced by the Labour Minister Norbert Blüm (Christian Democratic Union, CDU). The SPD simultaneously started to overhaul its political platform with a view to taking back power in 1990. The generational conflicts, which have been widely established by researchers, gave way to a new divide between a “social wing” advocating a traditional policy and a “reforming wing” drawn towards post-materialist and “eco-socialist” values. By virtue of its immediacy, the German unification process (1989-1990) proved to be a litmus test, which allowed the efficiency of the SDP’s agenda and rhetoric to be evaluated. In spite of Rudolf Dreßler’s concrete propositions to improve the social union between East and West Germany, the SDP failed both to share its views on German unification and to impose its determination to overhaul the welfare state. Oskar Lafontaine’s reservations about the economic and social costs spiralling out of control contributed to a blurring of the lines on the SDP’s position on German unification
Books on the topic "Germany, history, 1990-"
1
Wolf, Christa. Parting from Phantoms: Selected Writings, 1990–1994. University of Chicago Press, 1997.
Find full text
6
Michael, Erlhoff, Busch Bernd, Aszmoneit Helge, and Rat für Formgebung (Germany), eds. Deutsches Design 1950-1990 =: Designed in Germany. Prestel, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Germany, history, 1990-"
1
Schlund, Sebastian. "Embodied Inequalities: Intersections of Dis/abilities and Gender in West Germany (1950–1990)." In Dis/ability in Media, Law and History. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003257196-8.
Full text
2
Hornung, Johanna. "Programmatic Action in German Health Policy." In International Series on Public Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05774-8_6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTaking a look at the history of health policy in Germany from 1990 to 2020, this chapter outlines the existence of programmatic action and identifies the programmatic actors relevant to the changes in health policy. The empirical study is based on a discourse network analysis, an in-depth analysis of the biographical trajectories of individuals, as well as a systematic connection of the programmatic content to the individual programmatic actors. Thereby, this chapter provides an explanation for 20 years of health policy developments in Germany. However, it also notes that programmatic action in German health policy has ended in the 2010s, and it provides explanations for why this is the case.
3
Guth, Stefan. "History by Decree? The Commission of Historians of the German Democratic Republic and the People’s Republic of Poland 1956–1990." In Germany, Poland, and Postmemorial Relations. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137052056_3.
Full text
4
Schenck, Marcia C. "Between the Hammer, Machete, and Kalashnikov: Labor Migration from Angola and Mozambique to East Germany 1979–1990." In Palgrave Macmillan Transnational History Series. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06776-1_3.
Full text
5
Koschwitz, Heidi. "The German Central Institute for Social Issues (DZI)." In History of Social Work in Europe (1900–1960). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80895-0_24.
Full text
6
Wenzel, Cornelia. "The Archive of the German Women’s Movement in Kassel." In History of Social Work in Europe (1900–1960). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80895-0_26.
Full text
7
Satzinger, Helga. "The Politics of Gender Concepts in Genetics and Hormone Research in Germany, 1900-1940." In Gender History Across Epistemologies. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118508206.ch9.
Full text
8
Grebe, Cornelius. "A brief history of the incompatibility ‘problem’." In Reconciliation Policy in Germany 1998–2008. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91924-9_4.
Full text
9
Kuhlmann, Carola. "Gender and Theory in the History of German Social Work — Alice Salomon, Herman Nohl and Christian Klumker." In History of Social Work in Europe (1900–1960). VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80895-0_11.
Full text
10
Brauer, Juliane. "Feeling Political by Collective Singing: Political Youth Organizations in Germany, 1920–1960." In Feeling Political. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89858-8_10.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis chapter explores the culture of singing in youth organizations, a seemingly non-political institution, which, through its capacity to create a community, was used for spreading political feelings and messages. Communal singing was one of the main practices in youth organizations of the twentieth century. Singing specific songs made it possible for young people to learn political emotions and attitudes. Singing in a community could convey desired values, attitudes, and emotions and, ideally, harmonize them. The song Wann wir schreiten Seit’ an Seit’ (When we stride side by side, 1913) was the most important song of the social democratic youth movement in the 1920s, subsequently adapted and modified by the Hitler Youth during the National Socialist era, and later sung by youth organizations in both Germanies. Its history shows how the repeated, communal singing of certain songs, even in very different contexts, could establish political emotions such as hope for a better future.
Conference papers on the topic "Germany, history, 1990-"
1
Theirbach, R. "Case History: Ground‐probing radar applications for salt deposits in West Germany." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1990. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1890134.
Full text
2
Schultz, Anne-Catrin. "Searching for Identity through Nostalgia and Modernity–Tendencies in German Architecture after the Re-unification in 1990." In 108th Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.108.71.
Full textAbstract:
Architecture has been used to demonstrate political change in many instances throughout history. This research paper explores tendencies in German architecture after West and East Germany unified in 1990 after more than 40 years under separate political systems, economic conditions and architectural development. The main narrative of the research traces the process of defining new identities after the collapse of a strong physical border and a shift in political and economic structure. Practically overnight an area of more than 40,000 square miles was added to West Germany, and the land and inhabitants of the former GDR joined a lifestyle that seemed to have been driven by consumption and opportunity. Over the next few decades, a building boom unfolded in the area that was formerly East Germany and in the city of Berlin. Architecture after 1990, the year of the German re-unification, also modeled a set of values aiming at progress, unity and technical ability. It retained a preference for glass curtain walls and stone ve-neers, balancing optimism for a great future with nostalgia for 19th century’s past. In the former West Germany, the architectural evolution was little impacted, but the former East Germany underwent a comprehensive renewal, es-pecially in the realm of infrastructure, civic, commercial and transportation buildings. This paper compares three specific urban interventions, the Berlin Potsdamer Platz development, Leipzig Hauptbahnhof (Leipzig main train station), and Coutbus Technical University Library, that aimed at identifying and articulating shared formal principles that signify a united country. After 1990, Western architects seized the opportunity and secured numerous commissions along a new type of frontier, and their urban and architectural interventions had the effect of creating and supporting a new German identity.
3
Rubenis, Rudolfs. "Possibilities to Obtain Higher Education in Germany for Latvian Baltic German Students." In 79th International Scientific Conference of University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2021.91.
Full textAbstract:
With the formation of the Parliamentary Republic of Latvia in the early 1920s, higher education in Latvia underwent the changes that affected the Baltic Germans. The necessity to obtain higher education in the Latvian language was perceived with mixed feelings, and the interest in the establishment and development of the University of Latvia (UL) and involvement in the reorganisation of the Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI) went hand in hand with the reluctance to accept the full Latvianization of higher education. In the circumstances, the students used contacts established by their student corporations and sought for higher education in Germany, where it could be obtained in German but later equated to the higher education obtained in Latvia. Thus, the aim of the article is to evaluate the possibilities for the Baltic German students from the parliamentary state of Latvia (1920–1934) to study in German universities. The research is based on the documents of UL and Baltic German student corporations from the Latvian State Historical Archive (LVVA), Baltic German student corporation press (journals and anniversary books) kept in the UL Library, UL activity reports (1924–1931) stored in UL Museum history collection and available research on the Baltic German minority in the Parliamentary Republic of Latvia. The study showed that during the parliamentary period, the Latvian Baltic Germans used the state granted minority rights to find alternative ways to obtain higher education in German. The parliamentary system did not discriminate against the Baltic Germans for their use of the German language and allowed them to study in Germany but demanded that their diplomas be equated with the diploma obtained at the UL. The contacts established by student corporations helped Baltic German students to better integrate into the German study environment offering accommodation on the premises of student corporations in Germany. At the same time, additional knowledge through lectures on the political situation of Baltic Germans in the parliamentary state of Latvia did not allow them losing their historical connection with the Baltic region.
4
Miller, Wallis. "Renovation and Representation : Schinkel's Neue Wache and the Politics of German Memory." In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.31.
Full textAbstract:
Since the beginning of the 18th century, the instability of the PrussianIGerman state has affected the shape of Berlin. Constant shifts in the boundaries of the empire as well as in its ideology have forced countless architectural redefinitions of the center of its capital. The decisions to preserve, renovate, or replace Berlin’s monuments have thus always been caught between considerations of their ideological impact and their effect on the body of historic docurnentation. Schinkel’s Neue Wache grew out of this tension. It was originally designed and subsequently renovated at significant points of change in German history: it was designed after the defeat of Napoleon and renovated after WWI, modified during the Nazi period, and substantially changed at three points after WWII: in the early years of the German Democratic Republic, at the height of the Cold War, and after reunification in 1993. Consequently, its architecture has always borne traces of history consciously transformed by the ideologies of the present.
5
Meiss, Sebastian A. "Electric Power Supply of German NPPs: Defence in Depth, Protection Against External Hazards and Retrofitting as a Consequence of the Fukushima Accident." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60987.
Full textAbstract:
The history of building and operating nuclear power plants (NPPs) in Germany dates back to the late 1950s and will come to an end in 2022. By then all NPPs still in operation will have to shut down in a defined sequence, according to the revisions made to the German Atomic Energy Act as a consequence of the accident at the Fukushima Dai-Ichi NPP. Nine out of 17 NPPs have already been shut down permanently as a consequence. Due to the progress in science and technology, the design of the electrical power supply of German NPPs got more complex and hardened against various scenarios with time. The latest generation of NPPs built in Germany in the late 1980’s — the pressurized water reactor of type Konvoi — was designed with Defence in Depth in mind. They are connected to several voltage levels of the power grid and feature two layers of AC emergency power systems, each of which fulfills the n+2 redundancy criteria. The second of those layers is especially hardened against the influence of certain internal and external events and is part of an emergency control system which can keep the plant in a safe state autonomously for 10 hours under certain conditions. With this being the state of science and technology at that time in Germany, most of the older NPPs in operation had been retrofitted by 2011 with systems that were designed to partially compensate for these plants’ weaker original design. Various events such as the accident at the Chernobyl 4 NPP in 1986 and also the accident at the Fukushima Dai-Ichi NPP in 2011 led to changes in the German regulatory framework and recommendations to the NPPs for further retrofitting activities. In the regime of electrical power supply, the latest changes in requirements and corresponding retrofitting of the NPPs in operation include mobile diesel generators with corresponding, redundant feeding points, an enhanced coping capability for station blackouts with only DC-power left and measures to ensure bringing back AC-power within the available time. In this presentation the author gives an overview over the historic development of the electric design in German NPPs and discuss details of the most recently added requirements on retrofitting — e.g. in the new regulatory framework — to enhance the robustness of the electrical power supply of those NPPs. An update on the progress on the actual retrofitting process of the German NPPs with respect to these new requirements is given.
6
Oliveira, Jefferson Borges de, Caroline Berthier Zanin, Gustavo Carreira Henriques, et al. "Pallister-Hall Syndrome - case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.575.
Full textAbstract:
In 1980, Hall et all described a syndrome characterized by “hamartoblastoma”, hypopituitarism, unperfurated anus, polydactyly postaxial and numerous visceral anomalies, today known as Pallister-Hall Syndrome. On the study, Hall et all reported six cases of children with that malformation syndrome - lethal on neonatal period. None of the newborns had anterior hypophysis and the hypothalamic tumor was apparent in the inferior part of the brain, going from the optic chiasm to the interpeduncular fossa. Besides, other anomalies were found, such as: laryngeal split, abnormal pulmonary lobation, renal agenesis or dysplasia, shorts fourth metacarpals, nail dysplasia, multiple mouth frenulum, hypoadrenalism, congenital cardiomyopathy and intrauterine growth retardation. Every case was sporadic, the chromosome were apparently normal, without consaguinity relations. Several similar, milder and even asymptomatic cases were described later on. Kletter and Biesecker (1992), Topf et all (1993) and Penman Splitt et all (1994), define the disease as dominant autosomal inheritance. Kettler and Biesecker (1992) stated that most cases as sporadic as a result of a gene mutation with variable expressiveness. According to Biesecker et al (1996), an international workshop determined diagnostic criteria to the Syndrome: Hypothalamic Hamartroma and Central Polydactyly; First degree relative with hypothalamic hamartroma and polydactyly; Dominant autosomal parrent inheritance or in a consistent form with germaine mosaicism. The radiological changes are important for differential diagnosis between Pallister-Hall Syndrome and other hamartroma-present diseases. The hypothalamic hamartroma isolated has phenotypical features and causes hormonal disorders such as early puberty. On the MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) it shows hyperintese sign on attenuated fluid. On the other hand, the Pallister-Hall Syndrome the hamartroma shows itself as a isointense signs along with other deformities as polydactyly, for example. According to Kuo et al (1999), on MRI, the classic hypothalamic hamartroma isn’t calcified, is homogenous and isointense to the grey matter on weight images in T1, and isointense and often hyperintense on weight images in T2. Those findings are pretty distinctive and help distinguish the hypothalamic hamartroma from ordinary lesions, as craniopharyngioma and hypothalamic/opticalchiasmic glioma, observed in children. Case report: The patient ALDV, male, born in 30/12/1995, was referred to evaluation on the Medical Genetic Service from HCPA. At the time, aged one year and 8 months, he was the only son of a young, healthy couple with no consanguinity. The family history of similar cases or other genetic pathologies are unknown. The prenatal happened with no intercurrences, unless the smoking mother. It was a natural birth; Birth Weight: 2kg; High: 42cm; PC: 32cm. APGAR 9. At 8 months, starts an investigation for precocious puberty, and a karyotype was performed in her hometown: 46, XY (normal). He presents convulsive crises since one year old. DNPM: cephalic support when he had 8 months, sat without support at the age of one. Physical examination: Head circumference in the 97th percentile, length above the 97th percentile. Good general condition, dysmorphic, facies with fusion of eyebrows (sinofre), epicanthus, small nose, dysplastic ears with a broad shield, three café-au-lait spots on the body. Presence of pubic hair. Increase in length and diameter of the penis, as well as of the testicles, in relation to chronological age. In the hands, significant brachydactyly with bitateral hexadactyly. In the feet, bilateral hexadactyly. Proximal cutaneous syndactyly between the 2nd and 3rd bilateral arthroids, mainly on the right. Additional exams: Rx of hands and wrists for bone age: 7 years; Chronological Age: 1 year and 10 months. Normal abdominal ultrasound; Computed Tomography of Skull/Magnetic Resonance of Skull: hypothalamic expansive lesion (3 cm), compatible with hamartoma; triventricular hydrocephalus; Cavum septum pellucidum. Endocrinological Evaluation: compatible with precocious puberty of central cause. High resolution karyotype: 46, XY (normal). Computed tomography of the brain: Examination for neurological control, performed on 10/12/2014, 18-year-old patient. It was observed solid nodular formation in the hypothalamic region, hypodense, with well-defined limits, in close contact with the mesencephalon, without impregnation by contrast medium administered intravenously, measuring about 2.9 X 2.4 X 3.0 cm, in the respective laterolateral, anteroposterior and craniocaudal planes, which in correlation with the patient’s clinical history may be related to hypothalamic Hamartoma.
7
Platt, N. A. "Optical Mass Production In A First Generation Manufacturing Base. Potentials and Limitations !" In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1980.fwa4.
Full textAbstract:
The fabrication of Optical Elements began as an Art rather than a Science and has tended to remain so throughout its history. With demands of high quantity and quality, the fabrication procedures are under constant standardisation to approve upon yet cost-effective material, machinery and manpower. Rollei Singapore (Pte) Ltd. (RS), a subsidiary of Rollei, Franke & Heidecke, West Germany, has grown into a mass manufacturer of high precision optical, optomechanical and photographic components/equipment in Singapore since 1970 with the majority of designs licensed by Carl Zeiss, West Germany. The author projects Singapore's industrial structure and economic policies. He spot-lights RS for history, general policies, scope, spread and its versatility in a first generation manufacturing base. The effect of major features, to that effect, viz., machinery and equipment used, technologies applied and control techniques observed are dilated. Particular stress is laid on applied modem cost-effective techniques of manufacturing processes ensuring reproduceability and reliability through the State of Art.
8
Meher-Homji, Cyrus B. "The Development of the Junkers Jumo 004B: The World’s First Production Turbojet." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-457.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes the pioneering work of Anslem Franz who, while working for the Junkers Engine company in Germany designed and made operational the world’s first production jet engine the Junkers Jumo 004 which was the powerplant for the formidable Messerschmitt ME 262 fighter. The paper covers the historical background of jet engine development in Germany during the Second World War and discusses design details of this remarkable axial flow, 1980 Lbs (900 Kg) thrust engine. The development represented a historic achievement for Anslem Franz and his design team at Junkers. Approximately 6,000 engines were built at the end of the second world war in the face of acute shortages and damage to German industry. The Jumo was brought from conceptual design to production in a span of four years. Franz joined Avco Lycoming in 1952 and worked for 16 years. He retired as Vice President in 1968 after making prolific contributions to the development of several Avco engines including the T53. the T55 and the AGT-1500. Anslem Franz passed away at the age of 94 in Stratford, Connecticut. This paper is a modest tribute to a jet engine pioneer who, in spite of his extensive contributions to gas turbine technology, will always be remembered as the man who designed the world’s first production turbojet.
9
Tegel, Oliver. "Flexible Computer Support of Systematic Design Processes: A View Back." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/eim-9011.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A cradle for systematic approaches to product development processes, the Institute for Engineering Design at Technical University Berlin, Germany was one of the first trying to achieve a continuous and flexible computer support throughout the whole product development process. The history of the development of concepts and implementations is presented in this paper, and the major lessons learned during 15 years of research are presented.
10
Schlein, Barry C., David A. Anderson, Markus Beukenberg, Klaus D. Mohr, Hans L. Leiner, and Wolfgang Träptau. "Development History and Field Experiences of the First FT8 Gas Turbine With Dry Low NOx Combustion System." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-241.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes the FT8-2 Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustor development process and reviews the development history and initial field experience at a natural gas pipeline station in Germany. The development process is primarily focused on defining a fuel nozzle or injector, investigating emissions, fuel-air mixing, flame stability, acoustics, flashback resistance, and flame disgorgement. Empirical development tools including single nozzle and sector combustion rigs, as well as flame imaging techniques, are discussed. A summary of in-house engine development testing is provided. The control methodology used to meet emissions, while maintaining combustor pressure pulsations at an acceptable level, is provided. The natural gas compressor station design and operational experience with a GHH BORSIG compressor driven by the FT8 engine in Werne, Germany is summarized. Also presented are details of the very short conversion period from Standard to DLN combustor with the first successful ignition of the engine 26 days after work had begun.
Reports on the topic "Germany, history, 1990-"
1
Arciniegas, Germán. How the History of America Began. Inter-American Development Bank, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007907.
Full text