Journal articles: 'Germany - History - 19th century'

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Mudry, Albert, Robert Mlynski, and Burkhard Kramp. "History of otorhinolaryngology in Germany before 1921." HNO 69, no. 5 (2021): 338–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00106-021-01046-9.

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AbstractIn 2021, the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery is celebrating the 100th anniversary of its foundation. The aim of this article is to present the main inventions and progress made in Germany before 1921, the date the society was founded. Three chronological periods are discernible: the history of otorhinolaryngology (ORL) in Germany until the beginning of the 19th century, focusing mainly on the development of scattered knowledge; the birth of the sub-specialties otology, laryngology (pharyngo-laryngology and endoscopy), and rhinology in the 19th century, combining advances in knowledge and implementation of academic structures; and the creation of the ORL specialty at the turn of the 20th century, mainly concentrating on academic organization and expansion. This period was crucial and allowed for the foundation of the German Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery on solid ground. Germany played an important role in the development and progress of ORL internationally in the 19th century with such great contributors as Anton von Tröltsch, Hermann Schwartze, Otto Körner, Rudolf Voltolini, and Gustav Killian to mention a few.

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Kahlow, Andreas. "Materials in 19th century Germany." History and Technology 7, no. 3-4 (1991): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07341519108581779.

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Gosewinkel, Dieter. "Einbürgern und Ausschließen. Staatsangehörigkeit und Bürgerrecht in Deutschland während des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 137, no. 1 (2020): 364–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgg-2020-0006.

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AbstractNaturalizing and excluding. Nationality and citizenship law in 19th and 20th century Germany. Nationality law in Germany came up as a legal institution of German federal states at the beginning of 19th century and underwent a process of nationalization. The principle of descent (Abstammungsprinzip), which was – before a legal reform in 2000 – hegemonic, was used to define German nationality primarily as a community of ethno-cultural descent. This restrictive use of German nationality law did not establish, however, a direct line of conceptual and political continuity between ‘ethno-cultural’ and ‘racial’ criteria, and it was primarily based on a politico-social constellation of political, demographic and national instability, not on a specific German national discourse.

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Дударев, В. С. "Germany in the life of Russian writers and poets of the first half of the 19th century." Диалог со временем, no. 76(76) (August 17, 2021): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2021.76.76.002.

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Помимо плодотворного взаимодействия в решении политических вопросов Россию и Германию в первой половине XIX в. связывали тесные культурные связи, в выстраивании которых ключевую роль играла литература. Германия являлась в определенном смысле фильтром, через который Россия знакомилась с европейской литературой. Образы немецкого мира, находившие отражение в русской литературе, возникали не в последнюю очередь благодаря личному опыту общения российских писателей с Германией и немцами. Вследствие этого Германия нередко приобретала свое особенное значение в их жизни и творчестве, чему и посвящена настоящая статья. In addition to fruitful interaction in solving political issues in the first half of the 19th century, Russia and Germany were linked by close cultural ties, in the building of which literature played a key role. Germany was a kind of filter through which Russia got acquainted with European literature. Images of the German world, reflected in the Russian literature, arose not least due to the personal experience of Russian writers with Germany and the Germans. In this regard, Germany often acquired its special significance in the life and work of Russian writers. This will be discussed in this article.

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Hierholzer, Klaus, and Karl Julius Ullrich. "History of Renal Physiology in Germany during the 19th Century." American Journal of Nephrology 19, no. 2 (1999): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000013458.

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Luh, Andreas. "Großunternehmen und Betriebssport in Deutschland vom Kaiserreich bis in die Gegenwart. Ein (zu) wenig beachtetes sozial- und sporthistorisches Phänomen." STADION 44, no. 2 (2020): 300–337. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0172-4029-2020-2-300.

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Since the end of the 19th century, company sports appeared as a part of company’s social welfare policy. Large companies in Germany still offer company sport activities as a part of voluntary social benefits today, but their scope, kind and function have changed enormously. The present study focuses on the development of company sports during the German Empire, its expansion and institutionalization as a part of company’s social welfare policy in the Weimar Republic as well as its restructuring in the context of the efforts of the German Labour Front in NS Germany. Furthermore, the study examines the reorganization of company sports based on social partnership concepts and corporate identity - and corporate social responsibility strategies in the Federal Republic of Germany. It asks, what kind of changes took place in company sports in Germany under the conditions of a structural changing economic and capitalist system from the 19th to the 21st century, in four political epochs of German history, from the German Empire to the Federal Republic of Germany?

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Kiehnle, Arndt. "The long journey of ‘Privatautonomie’." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 87, no. 4 (2019): 473–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-00870a09.

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SummaryIndividual autonomy was rediscovered in modernity when it came to the persecution of dissenters in Germany after the Reformatio n. Since the 18th century the ‘Privatautonomie’ of the individual has been established in German private law. Later, in the 19th century, the term autonomy gained ground in the legal terminology of French private law, also thanks to the German emigrant Foelix. In the 20th century autonomy, not least thanks to German-speaking jurists who fled from the Nazis, became a legal term also used in the private law of the USA and Great Britain.

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Driel, Lodewijk van. "19th-century linguistics." Historiographia Linguistica 15, no. 1-2 (1988): 155–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.15.1-2.09dri.

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Summary In this paper an attempt has been made to draw a picture of linguistics in the Netherlands during the 19th century. The aim of this survey is to make clear that the influence of German linguistics on Dutch works of the period is characteristic of the development of Dutch linguistics in that century. Emphasis has been placed on the period 1800–1870; three traditions are distinguished: First of all there is the tradition of prescriptive grammar and language instruction. Next attention is drawn to the tradition of historical-comparative linguistics. Finally, by about the middle of the century, the linguistic views of German representatives of general grammar become prominent in Dutch school grammars. Successively we point to the reception by the schoolmasters of K. F. Becker’s (1775–1849) work; then Taco Roorda (1801–1874) is discussed, and the relationship between L. A. te Winkel (1809–1868) and H. Steinthal (1823–1899) is presented. In conjunction with Roorda’s work on Javanese the analysis of the so-called exotic languages is mentioned, an aspect of Dutch linguistics in the 19th century closely connected with the Dutch East Indies. It is obvious that the German theme is one of the most conspicuous common elements in 19th-century Dutch linguistics, as Dutch intellectuals in many respects took German culture as a model.

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Curran, Kathleen. "The German Rundbogenstil and Reflections on the American Round-Arched Style." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 47, no. 4 (1988): 351–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990381.

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This article investigates the German Rundbogenstil and its influence on the American "round-arched style." A stylistic and theoretical phenomenon of the 19th century, the German Rundbogenstil held both a specific and a generic meaning: as a contemporary building style and as a term for historical round-arched architecture. In modern scholarship, the Rundbogenstil has come to denote any round-arched building with Romanesque or Italianate features designed by certain early to mid-19th-century German architects. A general contextual analysis of the complex nature of the 19th-century round-arched styles or "tendencies" in Germany helps to define more precisely the Rundbogenstil. Following a theoretical and stylistic examination of major monuments in Karlsruhe, Munich, and Berlin, the present paper outlines the salient characteristics of the Rundbogenstil and its influence in America in the hands of certain central European emigrant architects in New York and two major mid-19th-century American architects. The fundamental theoretical change which the style underwent in the United States in both of these groups warrants a distinct label-the American "round-arched style."

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Albisetti, J. C. "Secondary Schools and Social Structure in 19th Century Germany." Journal of Social History 28, no. 4 (1995): 877–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh/28.4.877.

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Kotova, Elena. "The German Question in the Foreign Policy of the Austrian Empire in 1850—1866." ISTORIYA 12, no. 6 (104) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016050-4.

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For centuries, the House of Austria (the Habsburgs) maintained its leadership in the Holy Roman Empire, and later in the German Union. But in the middle of the 19th century the situation changed, Austria lost its position in Germany, lost to Prussia in the struggle for hegemony. The article examines what factors influenced such an outcome of the German question, what policy Austria pursued in the 50—60s of the 19th century, what tasks it set for itself. The paper traces the relationship between the domestic and foreign policy of Austria. Economic weakness and political instability prevented the monarchy from pursuing a successful foreign policy. The multinational empire could not resist the challenge of nationalism and prevent the unification of Italy and Germany. Difficult relations with France and Russia, inconsistent policy towards the Middle German states largely determined this outcome. The personal factor was also important. None of the Austrian statesmen could resist such an outstanding politician as Bismarck.

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Beer, André-Michael, Bernhard Uehleke, and Karl Rüdiger Wiebelitz. "The History of Inpatient Care in German Departments Focussing on Natural Healing." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/521879.

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We describe historic developments of inhouse facilities for natural healing in this paper, which were mainly located in German speaking regions. The naturopathic movement is a relabeling of the hydropathic movement in Germany, which was supported by a considerable proportion of the population in Germany during the mid 19th century. Due to the fact that hydropathic treatments were provided by nonmedical healers, discriminated as “quacks”, there was continuous hostility between hydropathy/naturopathy and medicine. However, among the many establishments providing inhouse treatment for acute and chronic diseases over weeks there were some which were controlled by medical doctors in the 20th century and some which were implemented by government. In many of the establishments there were approaches for measuring usefulness of the treatments, some of which have been initiated explicitly for that purpose.

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McElvenny, James. "August Schleicher and Materialism in 19th-Century Linguistics." Historiographia Linguistica 45, no. 1-2 (2018): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.00018.mce.

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Summary Towards the end of his career, August Schleicher (1821–1868), the great consolidator of Indo-European historical-comparative linguistics in the mid-19th century, famously drew explicit parallels between linguistics and the new evolutionary theory of Darwinism. Based on this, it has become customary in linguistic historiography to refer to Schleicher’s ‘Darwinian’ theory of language, even though it has long been established that Schleicher’s views have other origins that pre-date his contact with Darwinism. For his contemporary critics in Germany, however, Schleicher’s thinking was an example not of Darwinism but of ‘materialism’. This article examines what ‘materialism’ meant in 19th-century Germany – its philosophical as well as its political dimensions – and looks at why Schleicher’s critics applied this label to him. It analyses the relevant aspects of Schleicher’s linguistics and philosophy of science and the criticisms directed against them by H. Steinthal (1823–1899). It then discusses the contemporary movement of scientific materialism and shows how Schleicher’s political views, social background and personal experiences bound him to this movement.

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Baev, V. G. "Otto von Bismarck and Germany Militarization (Legislative Formalization of the Military Reform in Germany in the 80s of the 19th century)." Lex Russica, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2020.166.9.077-087.

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The history of Germany of the second half of the 19th century and the activities of Otto von Bismarck form an integral unit, provided we bear in mind the process of Germany becoming a centralized state. The author argues that the attainment of German unity could only be achieved on the paths of war with Austria and France. This implies why military reform in Germany has been given so much attention.This study is focused on the second stage of military reform — the strengthening of the German army after the establishment of a centralized state. The author poses the question: if the “German issue” was resolved, what was the need for further armament? The Bismarck Government in 1874 and 1881 successfully sought from Parliament the adoption of septennat laws (seven years of funding for the army). But in 1887 the Parliament refused to extend the septennat. The author uses Bismarck’s collection of political speeches in the Reichstag as the main source of research. It is an important source of official origin, reflecting the approaches of not only of the subject of Bismarck’s legislative initiative, but also of Germany’s ruling elite.A point of view about Bismarck as vehicle of Germanic militarism prevails in historical literature. As a result of the analysis of the debate on the draft law, the author concludes that Bismarck’s military policy was dictated not so much by the militaristic nature of his personality, but by the necessity of strengthening the military potential of Germany, surrounded by strong adversaries, to defend its sovereignty. For the further development of events, the Chancellor who had been removed from his office, cannot be held responsible. The tragedy of Bismarck-era Germany is expressed in the fact that he failed to prepare a successor capable of leading the country during a period of crisis.

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Graus, Andrea. "Mysticism in the courtroom in 19th-century Europe." History of the Human Sciences 31, no. 3 (2018): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695118761499.

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This article examines how and why criminal proceedings were brought against alleged cases of Catholic mysticism in several European countries during modernity. In particular, it explores how criminal charges were derived from mystical experiences and shows how these charges were examined inside the courtroom. To bring a lawsuit against supposed mystics, justice systems had to reduce their mysticism to ‘facts’ or actions involving a breach of the law, usually fraud. Such accusations were not the main reason why alleged mystics were taken to court, however. Focusing on three representative examples, in Spain, France and Germany, I argue that ‘mystic trials’ had more to do with specific conflicts between the defendant and the ecclesiastical or secular authorities than with public concern regarding pretence of the supernatural. Criminal courts in Europe approached such cases in a similar way. Just as in ecclesiastical inquiries, during the trials, judges called upon expert testimony to debunk the allegedly supernatural. Once a mystic entered the courtroom, his or her reputation was profoundly affected. Criminal lawsuits had a certain ‘demystifying power’ and were effective in stifling the fervour surrounding the alleged mystics. All in all, mystic trials offer a rich example of the ways in which modern criminal justice dealt with increasing enthusiasm for the supernatural during the 19th century.

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Struve, Walter. "Population, Labour, and Migration in 19th- and 20th-Century Germany. Klaus J. Bade." Journal of Modern History 61, no. 2 (1989): 412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/468273.

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Carroll, Glenn R., Peter Preisendoerfer, Anand Swaminathan, and Gabriele Wiedenmayer. "Brewery and Brauerei: The Organizational Ecology of Brewing." Organization Studies 14, no. 2 (1993): 155–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/017084069301400201.

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Germans and Americans differ in their beer drinking habits and customs. The organizational structures of their brewing industries also differ: Germany is notable for the highly fragmented nature of its industry, which contains many more breweries than the larger American industry. Yet the historical evolution of the two brewing industries is remarkably similar. In both Germany and the U.S., the number of breweries grew slowly for a long period, then expanded rapidly in the late 19th century, and finally declined severely for almost a century. Intrigued by this common pattern, we attempt to explain long-term organizational change in the two industries using the ecological perspective on organizations. We focus on the organizational ecology model of density-dependent legitimation and com petition. Our tests use life history data on all breweries known to have operated in the U.S. and Germany during the period 1861 to 1988. We estimate and report specific tests of the density model using stochastic rates of organizational founding and mortality. The findings are generally supportive of the model and suggest that the organizational evolution of both the German and American brewing industries was density dependent.

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Ermolaeva, M. A. "“Russian libraries in Germany” – The essays in history." Scientific and Technical Libraries 1, no. 1 (2021): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2021-1-159-164.

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Review of the collection of works prepared by Gottfried Kratz (Gottfried Kratz. Russische Biblioteken in Deutschland. – Berlin : Peter Lang, 2020. – 231 s. (Arbeiten und Bibliographen zum Buch – und Bibliothekswesen. 17).The book in German comprises the papers by German and Russian researchers on public, academic, military and church libraries in the mid-19th century and up to present. The reviewer focuses on the works matching the profile of the “Scientific and Technical Libraries” journal. The presented works are based on vast archival materials and expand the knowledge of Russian-German library relationships within the mentioned historical period. The researchers of Russian diaspora abroad, book and library historians will make the readership of the book.

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Arutynyan, A. A. "German history of art of 19th century and problems of Armenian Medieval heritage." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, no. 2 (31) (June 2017): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2017-2-147-150.

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The science of art in Germany is based on the classical tradition, associated with a focus on ancient heritage, and a romantic perception of Gothic as a manifestation of the national school. In the mid-nineteenth century the first General history of art appeared, which, along with the national art and culture examined regional schools. Armenian medieval art is systematized and concisely described in the work of Kugler, in Schnaase’s book analysis becomes more comprehensive, detailed and consistent.

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Lundgreen, P. "Educational Opportunity and Status Attainment: Two Different Cities in 19th-Century Germany." Journal of Social History 22, no. 2 (1988): 323–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh/22.2.323.

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Sprung, Lothar. "History of modern psychology in Germany in 19th- and 20th-century thought and society." International Journal of Psychology 36, no. 6 (2001): 364–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207590143000199.

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Oergel, Maike. "In Babel's Shadow: Language, philology and the nation in 19th-century Germany." Historiographia Linguistica 37, no. 1 (2010): 267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.37.1/2.22oer.

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Nerlich, Brigitte, and David D. Clarke. "Mind, meaning and metaphor: the philosophy and psychology of metaphor in 19th-century Germany." History of the Human Sciences 14, no. 2 (2001): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09526950122120952.

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Hesse, Jan-Otmar. "Der Wirtschaftshistorische Ausschuss des Vereins für Socialpolitik." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 61, no. 1 (2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2020-0001.

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AbstractThe Economic History Committee of the Verein für Socialpolitik was founded 70 years ago as the first interest group for economic and social history in Germany. As did its five counterparts of other subfields in economics, the committee aimed at intensifying academic exchange in this field. Furthermore, it served as a lobby organisation for the discipline in the fast changing politics of higher education in Germany. It therefore can be considered as an important step in the discipline’s professionalization. The article gives a brief overview of the development of economic history in Germany starting with the Historical School at the end of the 19th century. The second part is dedicated to the institutional and academic history of the committee using archival documentation.

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Hübner, Klaus. "Linguistic spaces of the world between. On the „Chamissa” literature." Tekstualia 3, no. 46 (2016): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4209.

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German Literature, written by Authors whose First Language is different to German, has a long tradition (18th and 19th Century). In the 1960s und 1970s a new Generation of Authors entered the Stage of Literature. This Essay deals with History and Development of their kind of German Literature from its beginnings as „Gastarbeiterliteratur“ until today, outlinig several of its phases: Immigration from Turkey, Italy, Yugoslavia and other Countries into Germany 1960–1985, Literature and Changes in Europe’s Political Map 1989/90, Growing Variety of Literary Styles 1990–2005, Success and Recognition of „Chamisso-Literature“ in the last ten years (Feridun Zaimoglu, Yoko Tawada, Ilija Trojanow, Artur Becker, Ilma Rakusa, Terézia Mora, and Others), Present Situation.

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Koreneva, M. Iu, and E. O. Larionova. "A. I. Turgenev and F. W. Schelling. Addition to the Topic." Russkaya literatura 1 (2020): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2020-1-92-99.

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The article discloses an unknown episode from the history of cultural relations between Russia and Germany in the 19th century. The A. I. Turgenev’s diary of 1825 contains the poem Demagogic, that was attributed to Goethe. Integration of this diary fragment into the academic practices offers an opportunity to reconstruct the issues that were discussed in the conversations between A. I. Turgenev and F. W. Schelling when they fi rst met in Carlsbad. One of the topics was political persecutions in the German lands as a result of the Carlsbad Decrees of 1819, adopted with the involvement of Russia.

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Koszka, Christiane. "Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900): A classical case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome?" Journal of Medical Biography 17, no. 3 (2009): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jmb.2009.009016.

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Summary Friedrich Nietzsche was one of the most influential and profound German philosophers. After prolonged illness, he died at the age of 55 in Weimar, Germany. The interest in his medical biography has always been strong while the cause of his illness and death has remained a mystery, intriguing philosophers as well as physicians. The diagnosis of syphilis proposed in the 19th century has been controversial until today and many other diagnoses have been discussed. This paper suggests that Nietzsche suffered from mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes syndrome.

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Roehner, B. "An Empirical Study of Price Correlations: 1. How Should Spatial Interactions between Interdependent Markets be Measured?" Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 21, no. 2 (1989): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a210161.

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Price fluctuations are known to be rather chaotic and unpredictable. However, when these fluctuations are compared at different marketplaces some regular patterns appear. The precise nature of such regularities and what can be learned from them about the internal structure of an economic system are the purpose of this series of two papers. In this first paper the evolution of an economic system is analysed, namely in Germany during the period of its economic integration, that is to say during the 19th century. Different statistical measures are compared: the price ratio, the price correlations, the price dispersion, in order to characterise the increasing interdependence of economic activity centres. It is shown that this interdependence increases for every commodity according to a specific trend. Last, in order to link these results with the economic and political history of Germany some data are presented pertaining to the development of its domestic trade during the 19th century.

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Stelmakh, Serhii Petrovych. "The role of the social context in the history of historiography (on the example of formation German historical science of the 19th century)." Dnipropetrovsk University Bulletin. History & Archaeology series 25, no. 1 (2017): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/261718.

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The external contexts related to historical science are considered: political, social, general cultural, educational, ideological, which had a significant influence on the formation of German historiography in the nineteenth century. Particular attention is paid to the role of state support in the development of historical higher education and science. It is emphasized that the historical science in Germany was of a clearly pronounced national character and became an important factor in the consolidation of the German nation. It is emphasized that the «historicism», which was based on idealistic German philosophy, was the theoretical and methodological basis for the development of German historical science. Historical research and study of history in educational institutions have become important components in the formation of German burghers, who served the German state and worked for the common good.

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Wixforth, Harald. "Schiffsfinanzierung im Wandel – Finanzintermediäre und maritime Wirtschaft am Finanzplatz Hamburg vom Kaiserreich bis zum Ende der Weimarer Republik." Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte 64, no. 2 (2019): 217–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zug-2018-0019.

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AbstractFor more than 30 years bank-industry relations have been one of the most important subjects of financial research and history. Despite all research we are still lacking results on this topic for several branches of German industry, e. g. shipbuilding and shipping. Therefore, the article tries to analyze the relations between financial institutions and some of the prominent enterprises of maritime industry in Hamburg – in the 19th and 20th century the most important financial center in Northern Germany as well as place for shipping and shipbuilding. Finally, the article compares the results to those of other studies on bank-industry-relations in Germany in order to show whether there were specific characteristics in financing shipbuilding and shipping. Additionally, the article wants to stimulate further intensive research on this subject.

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Hildesheimer, Meir. "Religious Education in Response to Changing Times Congregation Adass-Isroel Religious School in Berlin." Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 60, no. 2 (2008): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007308783876064.

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AbstractDuring the 19th century, various frameworks were established in Germany for the purpose of providing Jewish students with religious education. The article deals primarily with the orthodox Congregation Adass-Isroel Religious School. Established in 1869 in Berlin, the school had a major impact on the development of supplementary religious instruction throughout Germany and served as a model in this area. The school's background, history, basic principles and method of instruction, as well as study subjects (Hebrew, Bible, Talmud, Religious instruction, History) are discussed and compared to corresponding religious schools. Research is based on the school's annual reports, archival material, scholarly literature, memoirs, and newspapers.

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Beiküfner, Karin, and Andrea Reichenberger. "Women and Logic: What Can Women’s Studies Contribute to the History of Formal Logic?" Transversal: International Journal for the Historiography of Science, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24117/2526-2270.2019.i6.03.

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Beiküfner’s report reflects on woman’s place in the history of logic. These reflections date back to a larger research project entitled Case Studies Towards the Establishment of a Social History of Logic (1985–1989). The project was initiated under the direction of Professor Christian Thiel, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, and funded by the German Research Foundation DFG. The main focus of the Erlangen research project was laid in the historical analysis of the emergence of modern logic in Great Britain and Germany during the 19th and early 20th century. This research prompted the discovery of a series of important female authors in the Anglophone and German speaking area. This led, firstly, to the question of what might be gained from the research results for the project’s objectives and, secondly, to a closer examination of the methodological demands and problems of a feminist historiography of science.

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Turk, Theresa. "Joseph Landsberger (1848–1933): Medical Man in a Time of Change." Journal of Medical Biography 13, no. 2 (2005): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096777200501300207.

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Joseph Landsberger was a Jewish doctor in Germany in the second half of the 19th and much of the first half of the 20th century. He was involved in the scientific advances of his time, especially in the fields of antisepsis and asepsis, bacteriology, surgical technique, public health and therapeutics.

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Dahrendorf, Marianna, and Ilya Kolesnikov. "From the history of the settlements of European colonists in the region of the Caucasian Mineral Waters (XIX — early XX centuries)." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 12-1 (2020): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202012statyi18.

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The article is devoted to the topical problem of the history of settlements (colonies) of Europeans (Scots, Germans, Italians) in the region of the Caucasian Mineral Waters (XIX century - early XX century). The development of the system of colonies of Scots, Germans and Italians in the Kavminvod region is considered. Some socio -economic and cultural -ethnic processes of interaction and mutual influence of Scottish, German and Italian colonists are analyzed. The article emphasizes, in general, the positive (economic and cultural) significance of the existence of European settlements in the region of the Caucasian Mineral Waters in the 19th - early 20th centuries.

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Alhussein, Akkad. "Translation als Mythos." Lebende Sprachen 49, no. 5 (2020): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/les-2020-0018.

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AbstractThis paper investigates the reception history of the Danish Poet and fairytale writer Hans Christian Andersen in 19th-century Germany and its influence on his (auto)biographical depiction. Like many Scandinavian poets, Andersen discovered Germany’s literary potential and took advantage of it to further his career. In most cases, he was pictured as a genius who suffered systematic underestimation in Denmark. This narrative which determined his reception plays a central role in his German autobiography Märchen meines Lebens (Fairy Tale of my Life). Analyzing Andersen’s autobiographical discourse, I will reconstruct the process of the construction of Andersen’s (auto)biographical myth, emphasizing translation’s role in shaping autobiographical narratives.

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Krzoska, Markus, Kolja Lichy, and Konstantin Rometsch. "Jenseits von Ostmitteleuropa? Zur Aporie einer deutschen Nischenforschung." Journal of Modern European History 16, no. 1 (2018): 40–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1611-8944-2018-1-40.

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Ostmitteleuropaforschung - Beyond East Central Europe? The Aporiae of a Niche Research Interest in Germany The article discusses some crucial problems of area studies drawing on the example of East Central European studies in Germany today. Against the backdrop of persistent methodological imperatives stemming from the 19th and early 20th century, we argue that general definitions of space, time or structure are of little use even in relation to a constructed region. Instead, we call for a praxeological approach that takes into consideration specific situational entanglements and their actors. In the context of global, European, imperial or transnational turns in historical cultural studies, a non-hierarchical, spatial and temporal perspective becomes essential. This article seeks to encourage discussion about the chances and risks that current developments in historical area studies in Germany entail, while also providing an impulse to think about possible future ramifications.

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Pavlica, Branko. "Germany as a contract partner of Serbia and Yugoslavia 1882-1992." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 112-113 (2002): 287–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0213287p.

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Continuously from 1882 to 1992 (till the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia), Germany was the contract partner of Serbia, that is The Kingdom of Yugoslavia, that is the SFR of Yugoslavia. In spite of belligerent relations (disruption of diplomatic relations, discontinuity of contract practice) Germany occupied an extremely significant place within the international contract capacity of Serbia in the 19th century, that is of The Kingdom of Yugoslavia between the two wars, and specially in the period from 1934. to 1941, that is of Yugoslavia in the period from 1949 to 1990. Precisely the history of international contracts - bilateral Serbian/Yugoslav-German contracts - is also the "history of (their) inter-state relations". Diplomatic political, trade, war or any other relations - one could always find their traces in bilateral contracts; the contracts regulated these relations and it could be said that the bilateral contracts are today the most important source of comprehensive and developed relations between the two countries. Actually bilateral contracts are the legal instruments for the regulation of relations between states.

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Pindl, Kathrin. "Grain Policies and Storage in Southern Germany: The Regensburg Hospital (17th-19th Centuries)." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 59, no. 2 (2018): 415–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2018-0014.

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Abstract This paper is concerned with the storage policy of the citizens’ hospital of Regensburg in the Early Modern period (focus: 18th century). The main purpose consists of (1) a source-based micro-study that helps to derive insights into the mechanisms of how experiences and expectations have influenced decisions by a pre-modern institution, (2) an analytical scheme for describing and evaluating the process of decision-making based on narrative evidence, and (3) the suggestion of analytical categories. These should allow a differentiation between time-invariant human behaviour that determines economic decisions, and time-specific factors which can be used to separate possibly “pre-modern” patterns from seemingly modern-day capitalist economic performance.

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Cienki, Alan. "19th and 20th century theories of case." Historiographia Linguistica 22, no. 1-2 (1995): 123–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.22.1-2.06cie.

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Summary This article considers the similarities and differences between two types of semantically-based approaches to the study of grammatical case. One approach, which views the basic meanings of cases as spatial, stems from the localist hypothesis, which claims that spatial expressions serve as structural templates for other expressions. This view was most strongly espoused by certain German linguists in the 19th century, but has found support in the 20th century as well. The range of localist theories of case and the extent of the claims made by different localists are considered. These are compared and contrasted with contemporary approaches subsumed under the banner of ‘cognitive linguistics’. Research in this vein has focussed on the role of spatial notions in the semantics of case, but within a broader framework of human conceptualization. According to this view, space is only one of several domains which are basic to cognitive representation.

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Vonka, Martin, and Robert Kořínek. "CHIMNEY RESERVOIRS: UNIQUE TECHNICAL STRUCTURES FROM THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC." Acta Polytechnica 58, no. 2 (2018): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2018.58.0155.

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In the past, various methods and technological systems were used to supply water on industrial and other sites. In the early 19th century, Professor Otto Intze invented a new form of water reservoir that could be installed in a tower tank or even on the body of a chimney. This gave rise to a structure that had never been seen before – a chimney reservoir. The advantages of this structure resulted in it quickly becoming very popular, especially in the country in which it originated, Germany. The structure spread from the German Empire into other countries, including Austria-Hungary. The first chimney reservoir on the Czech territory originated in the late 19th century, the last structure of this type was built in 1962. Although their history was short, more than sixty distinctive structures of this kind were built in the Czech lands, the twenty-one of which that have survived to the present day can be described as a unique industrial heritage. This article outlines the origin and evolution of different types of chimney reservoirs and describes the structural and technological designs used for such structures on the territory of what is now known as the Czech Republic.

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Davidson, Jonathan RT. "The Wesselhoefts: A medical dynasty from the age of Goethe to the era of nuclear medicine." Journal of Medical Biography 25, no. 4 (2015): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772015619304.

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For six generations, members of the Wesselhoeft family have practiced medicine in Germany, Denmark, Switzerland, Canada and/or the USA. In the early decades of the 19th century, two Wesselhoeft brothers left Europe to eventually settle in New England, where they and their progeny gave rise to a regional medical dynasty. The Wesselhoeft doctors became well-known practitioners of homeopathy, hydropathy, conventional medicine and surgery, in academic and general clinical settings. An additional connection was established to the literary worlds of Germany and the USA, either through friendships or as personal physicians.

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Kokel, Susanne. "„Große Unternehmungen sind dringend zu widerraten“ – Die Wirtschaft der Deutschen Brüderunität zwischen Ideal und Reform." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 61, no. 1 (2020): 111–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2020-0006.

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AbstractThis essay examines the process of the fundamental reform undertaken by the Moravian Brethren in Germany at the end of the 19th century, building a separate and professionally managed business area within the church. An analysis of institutions, practices and semantics helps to explain this institutional change of a religious entrepreneur. Finally, the case of Sunday work in the church-owned companies illustrates the conditions set for corporate practices by the new institutional structure.

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heinzelmann, ursula. "Rumohr's Falscher Rehschlegel: The Significance of Venison in German Cuisine." Gastronomica 6, no. 4 (2006): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2006.6.4.53.

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Carl Friedrich von Rumohr's Falscher Rehschlegel: at first glance the recipe in his Geist der Kochkunst, Spirit of Cookery of 1822 seems to belong to the category of mockfood - but does that make sense from the pen of a highly rational, reality-obsessed empiricist? Similar instructions for how to prepare meat, notably mutton, as game can be found in a row of popular German cookery books of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, whereas other examples for mockfood in German culinary history are rare and restricted to periods of shortage. So the story behind Rumohr's surprising recipe really is the story of hunting and venison in Germany. The article looks at both and explores their socio-cultural symbolism through the centuries in a gastronomic context.

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Siegrist, Hannes. "FORMAL KNOWLEDGE, PUBLIC TRUST AND STATE LAWYERS IN GERMANY, ITALY AND SWITZERLAND IN THE EARLY 19TH CENTURY." Paedagogica Historica 30, no. 1 (1994): 325–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0030923940300114.

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Oergel, Maike. "In Babel’s Shadow: Language, philology and the nation in 19th-century Germany. By Tuska Benes." Historiographia Linguistica 37, no. 1-2 (2010): 267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.37.1-2.22oer.

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D’Alonzo, Jacopo. "Ludwig Noiré and the Debate on Language Origins in the 19th Century." Historiographia Linguistica 44, no. 1 (2017): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.44.1.02dal.

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Summary Among the scholars who tackled the topic of language origins in the 19th century, the German philosopher Ludwig Noiré (1829–1889) deserves special mention. To him, the unique sociability of humans implies cooperation and cooperation in turn involves language. Remarkably, Noiré’s theory deeply influenced the debate on language origins until the 1950s. Before offering some theoretical and historical explanations for the enduring influence of Noiré’s theory, it is necessary to describe the general features of his theory and the context in which it arose. After dealing with the German-English debate on language origins during the 19th century, a section will be especially devoted to Noiré’s theory of language origins. Finally, a comparison between Noiré’s insights and the naturalistic framework of the 19th century is provided.

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Krümmelbein, Julia, Oliver Bens, Thomas Raab, and M. Anne Naeth. "A history of lignite coal mining and reclamation practices in Lusatia, eastern Germany." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 92, no. 1 (2012): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2010-063.

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Krümmelbein, J., Bens, O., Raab, T. and Naeth, M. A. 2012. A history of lignite coal mining and reclamation practices in Lusatia, eastern Germany. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 53–66. Germany is the world's leading lignite coal producer. The region surrounding the towns of Cottbus and Senftenberg in Lusatia, Eastern Germany, is one of the largest mining areas in Germany, and has economically been strongly dependent on lignite mining and lignite processing industries since the middle of the 19th century. We introduce the area, give a brief historical overview of lignite mining techniques and concentrate on post-mining recultivation (reclamation) to agricultural and forestry dominated landscapes. An overview of the physical and chemical limitations for reclamation of the Tertiary and Quaternary substrates due to their natural composition and the technical processes of mine site construction is provided. We introduce some recultivation practices and end with a display of land uses before and after mining and an outlook on the future use of the reclaimed landscape. This review serves as a defined perspective on long-term coal mine reclamation from which to address global similarities and contrasts.

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Popławska, Irena, and Stefan Muthesius. "Poland's Manchester: 19th-Century Industrial and Domestic Architecture in Lodz." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 45, no. 2 (1986): 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990093.

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So far, 19th-century architecture in any of the three parts of the divided country of Poland has received virtually no attention from Western (and that includes German) architectural or town-planning historians. Lodz was undoubtedly the most important Polish town developed in the 19th century. The rapidity of the growth, especially in the later 19th century, was astonishing even by western European standards; the degree of preservation of late-19th-century industrial buildings-understood to include not only factories, but also workers' dwellings and factory owners' mansions-is considerable. After examining more briefly the early development of the textile colonies, which were supported very much by the State, the article deals in more detail with large industrial buildings erected by the most important entrepreneurs, Scheibler and Poznański. An attempt is made to relate the particular configuration of workers' houses and mansions to the social set-up locally and generally.

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Antonelli, Mauro, and Siegfried Ludwig Sporer. "The History of Eyewitness Testimony and the Foundations of the "Lie Detector" in Austria and Italy." RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA, no. 1 (April 2021): 41–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rsf2021-001003.

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Although little known, the theoretical and methodological roots of lie detection, in particular of the development of the so-called "lie detector", must be placed in central Europe, in particular in Germany, Austria, and later in Italy at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. Focusing on Austria and Italy, we trace this development from Hans Gross in Austria to Vittorio Benussi and his pupil Cesare L. Musatti in Italy. Benussi, initially active at the University of Graz and later at the University of Padua, was the mediating link between the Austrian and Italian legal psychology tradition.

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Haferkamp, Hans-Peter. "Rechtsfälle in der juristischen Ausbildung der Pandektenwissenschaft." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 138, no. 1 (2021): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgg-2021-0011.

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Abstract Case studies as part of pandectistic legal education in 19th century Germany. The traditional image of the pandectistics rested on the assumption that legal education in this area, which inspired students from all over the world, relied exclusively on the logicsystematic pandect textbooks. These days we know that case studies, too, played an important role in addition to the primarily systematic pandect lectures. The pandectists studied the interpretation of legal problems, which were mainly inspired by court practise. This paper is unprecedented in using actual lecture notes to evaluate those solutions developed during the lectures which were not included in the printed case collections. It becomes clear that the technique used for solving legal problems differs as much from the relation method, which was applied by the courts in that period, as it differs from the so-called claim method, which is common in German legal education today.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Germany - History - 19th century'

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