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Journal articles on the topic 'GERT model'

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Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Ковалев, И. В., М. Ф. Иконникова, and В. А. Подоплелова. "Formalizing the organizational structure of an on the basis of the GERT-network model." Vestnik of Russian New University. Series «Complex systems: models, analysis, management», no. 3 (October 8, 2023): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/rnu.v9187.23.03.p.144.

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Представлен подход к формализации организационной структуры предприятия на основе сетевой GERT-модели, что позволит обеспечить планирование времени лица, принимающего решение, при заданных критериях и массивах данных, необходимых для принятия решения. В качестве объекта исследования рассматривается процесс принятия решения о согласовании первичной потребности под закупку на предприятии. Представленная в нотации EPC-модель процесса «согласовать потребность под закупку» преобразована в GERT-сеть. Дано описание процедуры преобразования. Выявлена возможность преобразования GERT-сети под исполнителей функций с целью дальнейшей реструктуризации организационной структуры бизнес-процесса. Представлены результаты расчета полученной GERT-сети с учетом особенностей рассмотренного бизнес-процесса. Предложенные эквивалентные преобразования GERT-сети обеспечивают возможность автоматизации моделирования и, следовательно, позволяют выполнить эффективную реорганизацию организационной структуры предприятия. The article presents an approach to formalizing the organizational structure of an enterprise based on the GERT-network model, which will ensure the planning of the time of the decision maker, given the criteria and data arrays necessary for making a decision. As an object of study, the process of making a decision on the coordination of primary needs for purchase at an enterprise is considered. The “reconcile purchase requirement” process model presented in the EPC notation has been transformed into a GERT network. The description of the conversion procedure is given. The possibility of transforming the GERT-network for function performers with the aim of further restructuring the organizational structure of the business process is revealed. The results of the calculation of the obtained GERT-network are presented, taking into account the features of the considered business process. The proposed equivalent transformations of the GERT network provide the possibility of modeling automation and, therefore, allow you to perform an effective reorganization of the organizational structure of the enterprise.

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Zhang, Na, Shuli Yan, Zhigeng Fang, and Baohua Yang. "Fuzzy GERT model based on z-tag and its application in weapon equipment management." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 6 (2021): 12503–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-201731.

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In view of the situation that tasks or activities in the GERT model may have multiple realizations, this paper explores the time dependence of each repeated execution node under the condition of fuzzy information, and studies the characteristics of the z-tag fuzzy GERT model and its analytic algorithm. Firstly, the F-GERT model related to the number of executions of activities is defined, and the simplified rules, related properties and theorems of the network model are examined. Secondly, solving algorithm, conditional moment generating function and process arrival time of the F-GERT model for repeated execution time are studied. Finally, the application of F-GERT queuing system based on element execution time in weapon equipment management is discussed. The feasibility and effectiveness of the model and algorithm are verified by the practical application of the project.

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Ikonnikova, Maria, Dmitry Kovalev, Komil Astanakulov, and Anna Voroshilova. "Digitalization of the organizational structure of an agro-industrial enterprise based on the GERT-network computational model." E3S Web of Conferences 390 (2023): 03024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339003024.

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The article discusses an approach to digitizing the organizational structure of an agro-industrial enterprise based on the GERT network model. The transformation of the business process of coordinating primary procurement needs into a GERT network is shown. The possibility of transforming the GERT network for performers of functions is identified to further optimize the organizational structure of the business process in agro-industrial enterprises. The results of calculating the obtained GERT network taking into account the features of the business process are presented. The proposed equivalent transformations of the GERT network provide the possibility of fast digital modelling and, therefore, enable efficient reorganization of the enterprise's organizational structure.

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Serhii, Semenov, Zhang Liqiang, Cao Weiling, Bulba Serhii, Babenko Vira, and Davydov Viacheslav. "Development of a fuzzy GERT-model for investigating common software vulnerabilities." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 2 (114) (2021): 6–18. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.243715.

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This paper has determined the relevance of the issue related to improving the accuracy of the results of mathematical modeling of the software security testing process. The fuzzy GERT-modeling methods have been analyzed. The necessity and possibility of improving the accuracy of the results of mathematical formalization of the process of studying software vulnerabilities under the conditions of fuzziness of input and intermediate data have been determined. To this end, based on the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy network modeling, a fuzzy GERT model has been built for investigating software vulnerabilities. A distinctive feature of this model is to take into consideration the probabilistic characteristics of transitions from state to state along with time characteristics. As part of the simulation, the following stages of the study were performed. To schematically describe the procedures for studying software vulnerabilities, a structural model of this process has been constructed. A "reference GERT model" has been developed for investigating software vulnerabilities. The process was described in the form of a standard GERT network. The algorithm of equivalent transformations of the GERT network has been improved, which differs from known ones by considering the capabilities of the extended range of typical structures of parallel branches between neighboring nodes. Analytical expressions are presented to calculate the average time spent in the branches and the probability of successful completion of studies in each node. The calculation of these probabilistic-temporal characteristics has been carried out in accordance with data on the simplified equivalent fuzzy GERT network for the process of investigating software vulnerabilities. Comparative studies were conducted to confirm the accuracy and reliability of the results obtained. The results of the experiment showed that in comparison with the reference model, the fuzziness of the input characteristic of the time of conducting studies of software vulnerabilities was reduced, which made it possible to improve the accuracy of the simulation results.

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Semenov, Serhii, Liqiang Zhang, Weiling Cao, Serhii Bulba, Vira Babenko, and Viacheslav Davydov. "Development of a fuzzy GERT-model for investigating common software vulnerabilities." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 2 (114) (2021): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.243715.

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Dorrer, Michail Georgjewitsch. "ELMA-BASED DIGITAL BUSINESS PROCESS DOUBLE." ITNOU: Information technologies in science, education and management 115 (2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47501/itnou.2021.1.35-43.

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This paper describes a prototype of a digital twin of a business process model. The apparatus of GERT networks are used to predict the parameters. BPMS ELMA was used as a technical platform. The structure and parameters of the GERT model are continuously updated based on the ELMA database.

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Monjezi, Nasim, Mohammad Javad Sheikhdavoodi, Hasan Zakidizaji, Afshin Marzban, and Mahmood Shomeili. "Operations Scheduling of Sugarcane Production Using Classical Gert Method (Part Ii: Preserve Operations, Harvesting and Ratooning)." Journal of Agricultural Studies 3, no. 2 (2015): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v3i2.7421.

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Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT) is a systems analysis technique for project management. GERT provides a visual picture of the system and helps to analyse the system in a less inductive manner. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is studying the application of project scheduling in agriculture, for operations scheduling of sugarcane production (preserve operations, harvesting and rationing) using classical GERT method in Khuzestan province of Iran. Results showed that the network model was able to answer any statistic all the questions concerning the project. GERT networks are increasingly becoming a powerful tool for modelling, scheduling, planning, controlling and analysing of agricultural mechanization projects.

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Semenov, Serhii, Wojciech Baran, Magdalena Andrzejewska, et al. "Mathematical Model of Data Processing in a Personalized Search Recommendation System for Digital Collections." Applied Sciences 15, no. 13 (2025): 7583. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15137583.

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This paper presents a probabilistic-temporal modeling approach for analyzing data processing stages in a personalized recommendation system for digital heritage collections. The methodology is based on (Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique) GERT network formalism, which enables the representation of complex probabilistic workflows with feedbacks and alternative branches. For each processing stage, corresponding GERT-schemes were developed, and equivalent transfer functions were derived. Using Laplace transform inversion techniques, probability density functions of processing time were recovered, followed by the calculation of key statistical metrics, including expectation, standard deviation, and quantiles. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach allows for detailed temporal performance evaluation, including the estimation of time exceedance probabilities at each stage. This provides a quantitative basis for optimizing recommendation system design and highlights the applicability of GERT-based modeling to intelligent data-driven services in the cultural domain.

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Serhii, Semenov, Liqiang Zhang, Weiling Cao, and Davydov Viacheslav. "Development a mathematical model for the software security testing first stage." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 2 (111) (2021): 24–34. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.233417.

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This paper reports an analysis of the software (SW) safety testing techniques, as well as the models and methods for identifying vulnerabilities. An issue has been revealed related to the reasoned selection of modeling approaches at different stages of the software safety testing process and the identification of its vulnerabilities, which reduces the accuracy of the modeling results obtained. Two steps in the process of identifying software vulnerabilities have been identified. A mathematical model has been built for the process of preparing security testing, which differs from the known ones by a theoretically sound choice of the moment-generating functions when describing transitions from state to state. In addition, the mathematical model takes into consideration the capabilities and risks of the source code verification phase for cryptographic and other ways to protect data. These features generally improve the accuracy of modeling results and reduce input uncertainty in the second phase of software safety testing. An advanced security compliance algorithm has been developed, with a distinctive feature of the selection of laws and distribution parameters that describe individual state-to-state transitions for individual branches of Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique networks (GERT-networks). A GERT-network has been developed to prepare for security testing. A GERT-network for the process of checking the source code for cryptographic and other data protection methods has been developed. A graphic-analytical GERT model for the first phase of software safety testing has been developed. The expressions reported in this paper could be used to devise preliminary recommendations and possible ways to improve the effectiveness of software safety testing algorithms

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Ikonnikova, Mariya, Igor Kovalev, Dmitriy Kovalev, and Nozima Djumaeva. "GERT method and simulation modeling for probabilistic resource analysis in agricultural processes." E3S Web of Conferences 548 (2024): 03022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454803022.

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The article presents the results of a probabilistic analysis of resources in agricultural processes. The authors performed a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of using the GERT method for assessing the probabilistic-time characteristics of processes with simulation modeling in the Anylogic environment. For the study, the process of “Approval of an application for the purchase of agricultural products” is described. This process is first presented in the ARIS eEPC notation, and then it is translated into the GERT network. Based on the obtained model, the process completion time was predicted. The mathematical expectation and variance of the process execution were calculated. Based on the results obtained, conclusions were drawn regarding labor intensity and accuracy. It is shown that the GERT network and the simulation model are close in accuracy. However, for the given task, the GERT method is a less labor-intensive and more accurate method. This study is important for managing and optimizing processes in agricultural enterprises to improve the efficiency of decision making.

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Xu, Ruiting, Zhigeng Fang, and Jinyu Sun. "A grey STA-GERT quality evaluation model for complex products based on manufacture-service dual-network." Grey Systems: Theory and Application 4, no. 2 (2014): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gs-05-2014-0018.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to find out a scientific method to evaluate quality of complex products, whose quality is different from general products. Design/methodology/approach – Based on interval grey number theory, reliability analysis method and stochastic network theory, authors have established grey success tree analysis-graph evaluation and review technique (GSTA-GERT) model in this paper. Findings – Comparing complex products and general products, authors have found that complex products have two characters, i.e. quality of manufacture and quality of service. Furthermore, this paper has proved the GSTA-GERT model is a scientific and reasonable approach to estimate quality of complex products from the sight of manufacture-service network. Originality/value – This paper has established GSTA-GERT model, which surmounts the defect of traditional estimation method, such as lacking logic analysis in the method of analytic hierarchy process.

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Li, Zhiyong, Xiangtian Nie, Bo Wang, and Tianyu Fan. "Analysis of the Transmission of Project Duration and Cost Impacts Based on the GERT Network Technique." Symmetry 11, no. 3 (2019): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11030337.

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In engineering projects, project duration and a cost increase occur in every phase and will propagate their impacts downstream. Associated with the compensation of project duration, the duration and cost impacts are transferred among phases. In this paper, after illustrating the transmission of project duration and cost impacts, we will use the risk transmission theory and GERT (Graphic Evaluation and Review Technique) network technique to build a transmission model. We have designed equivalent parameters of project duration and cost impacts in the GERT model for serial, parallel, and hybrid structures. The algorithm of the GERT network for project cost and duration transmission is analyzed. The effectiveness of this model and algorithm is proved by numerical examples. This paper provides a new analytical method for cost and duration control of engineering projects.

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Semenov, Serhii, Zhang Liqiang, Cao Weiling, and Viacheslav Davydov. "Development a mathematical model for the software security testing first stage." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 2 (111) (2021): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.233417.

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Liu, Shih-Yaug, Shu-Chu Liu, and Juei-Wang Lin. "MODEL FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF FUZZY GERT NETWORKS." Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers 21, no. 2 (2004): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10170660409509397.

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Popov, Anatoly, Michael Dorrer, Alexandra Dorrer, Elizaveta Trishkina, and Nikita Romanov. "An approach to building a predictive model of the life cycle of information resources based on stochastic gert-networks and process mining technology." Informatization and communication 4 (November 2020): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34219/2078-8320-2020-11-4-107-112.

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The article proposes an approach to predicting the numerical parameters of the life cycle of information resources. The main task of this work is to develop a tool for numerical forecasting of the life cycle of information resources based on actual life cycle data in the form of resource history event logs. The forecast is carried out using the apparatus of stochastic GERT networks. The construction of the GERT model is performed using the Process Mining algorithmic apparatus and the ProM software framework. The object of the analysis was the data of the Scientific Electronic Library Online. The data is publicly available on the Kaggle.com website. To build a GERT network describing the life cycle model of an information resource, we used the methods of intellectual analysis of Process Mining processes implemented using the ProM Framework. In the course of the work, an analysis of the life cycle of information resources of the Scientific Electronic Online Library was carried out. The paper presents the process of extracting data used to model a GERT network using the ProM framework. The data obtained made it possible to restore the topology of the stochastic network and identify the laws of probability density distribution of the duration of the life cycle stages. On the basis of the constructed GERT-network, the law of distribution of the probability density of the duration of the life cycle of an information resource was described. The obtained result confirms the applicability of Process Mining technology to probabilistic analysis and forecasting of the life cycle of information resources.

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Agrawal, Saurabh, Rajesh K. Singh, and Qasim Murtaza. "Forecasting product returns for recycling in Indian electronics industry." Journal of Advances in Management Research 11, no. 1 (2014): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-02-2013-0013.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a model for forecasting product returns to the company for recycling in terms of quantity and time. Design/methodology/approach – Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT) has been applied for developing the forecasting model for product returns. A case of Indian mobile manufacturing company is discussed for the validation of this model. Survey conducted by the company and findings from previous research were used for data collection on probabilities and product life cycle. Findings – Product returns for their recycling are stochastic, random and uncertain. Therefore, to address the uncertainty, randomness and stochastic nature of product returns, GERT is very useful tool for forecasting product returns. Practical implications – GERT provides the visual picture of the reverse supply chain system and helps in determining the expected time of product returns in a much easier way but it requires probabilities of different flows and product life cycle. Both factors vary over a period, so require data update time to time before implementation. Originality/value – This model is developed by considering all possible flows of sold products from customer to their reuse, store or recycle or landfill. First time this type of real life flows have been considered and GERT has been applied for forecasting product returns. This model can be utilized by managers for better forecasting that will help them for effective reverse supply chain design.

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Перепелкин, Д. А., and А. М. Фам. "MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CALCULATING THE PROBABILISTIC RESOURCE CHARACTERISTICS OF TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS BASED ON IMPORTANCE OF THE ALLOCATED RESOURCES." СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, no. 2(84) (March 1, 2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2021.84.2.002.

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Рассматривается задача определения условных плотностей вероятностей ресурсов в телекоммуникационной сети с обновлением информации, содержащейся в заявках, передаваемых по сети. Разработана математическая модель вычисления вероятностно-ресурсных характеристик GERT-сети по экспоненциальным и нормальным распределениям. The problem of determining the conditional probability densities of resources in a telecommunication network with updating the information contained in requests transmitted over the network is considered. The work developed a mathematical model for calculating the probabilistic resource characteristics of the GERT-network by exponential and normal distributions.

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Семенов, С. Г., Чжан Ліцзян, Цао Вейлінь, and В. В. Давидов. "Development of protecting a software product mathematical model from unlicensed copying based on the GERT method." Системи обробки інформації, no. 1(164) (March 17, 2021): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30748/soi.2021.164.08.

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The subject of the research is methods and algorithms for developing the GERT networks that provide a hidden transition along the branches of the control logic graph and the ability to encode digital watermarks in the context of existing threats to the licensing security of software systems. The aim of the work is to develop a system of a software product licensed security based on hidden transition algorithms in GERT networks that carry the properties of digital watermarks. The article solves the following goal: development of a model of a software licensed security system based on the developed algorithms using GERT networks. Methods of mathematical modeling, numerical experiment, complexity theory and cryptography are used. The following results were obtained: on the basis of the analysis of existing models for ensuring software licensed security, the main requirements for the algorithms synthesized within the framework of the developed model, as well as for the machine implementation of the algorithm, were identified. Based on the investigation of existing watermark systems, methods of attack on them, as well as the requirements put forward for the developed model, a licensing security algorithm was formed based on the watermark system. Conclusions: for the first time, algorithms for safe transition in GERT-networks were developed, which are used as a graph of the control logic of a software product. This logic is implemented depending on the identification or serial number; a model of a licensed security system has been developed, which has not only empirical, but also theoretical substantiation of resistance to attacks by an intruder.

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Perepelkin, D. A., and A. M. Pham. "MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELING OF HETEROGENEOUS RESOURCES PLANNING AND ALLOCATION IN INDUSTRIAL NETWORKS." Vestnik of Ryazan State Radio Engineering University 77 (2021): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21667/1995-4565-2021-77-68-80.

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The aim of the work is to develop mathematical and software tools for modeling planning and allocating processes of heterogeneous resources in industrial networks. Two approaches to the application of functional dependencies of random values of resources to the model of GERT-network are proposed: parallel and sequential, which corresponds to the processes of planning and allocating resources. The approaches proposed in the work allow expanding the capabilities of classical GERT-networks. To generalize the process of implementation and automation of calculations, a computer modeling system has been developed. The main stages of mathematical modeling of industrial networks based on GERT-models are also proposed. An algorithm for planning and allocating of heterogeneous resources in t industrial networks has been developed. A computer modeling system ResourceModeler has been developed, which allows calculating the distribution laws of output values in a GERT-network using linear functional dependencies based on the heterogeneity of resources.

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Kovalev, I. V., D. I. Kovalev, N. A. Testoyedov, et al. "Computational approach to the structure spectral analysis of GERT-network models of mobile object monitoring systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2373, no. 5 (2022): 052003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2373/5/052003.

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Abstract The paper considers the application of the computational approach to the structure spectral analysis of GERT-network models of mobile object monitoring systems. The structure of the system for monitoring mobile objects using satellite communication channels is presented, in particular, the structure of the system for monitoring the flight path of aircraft. It is shown that the structure of monitoring systems can be represented as a GERT-network model, which allows at the initial stage to consider various options for the formation of interaction between a mobile object, for example, a manned or unmanned aerial vehicle, and a ground control complex. The main idea of the approach is to transform a known graph into a graph with the desired spectrum, which corresponds to a valid implementation of the GERT network graph. Obviously, the set of admissible implementations also includes a graph with the maximum probability of completing the process in a given time. The results are presented, which allow, when analyzing the GERT-network structure of a monitoring system, to assess, by fairly simple methods, the compliance of a structure variant with a number of requirements that apply to the system as a whole.

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Wang, Yang, Yifeng Wang, and Peng Fan. "Analysis of Micro Value Flows in the Value Chain of Eco-Innovation in Agricultural Products." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (2022): 7971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137971.

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The purpose of this research is to develop a value chain management model for agricultural eco-innovation that can encompass different aspects to create value. It employs the Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT), which translates the remanufacturing operational process into a stochastic network. A GERT network covers two main points: its probability component and its parameter component. With the function of the GERT network, it can accomplish a certain state transition, which is presented to the extent of randomness in the process of occurrence. For this system, the number of resources in the GERT network may serve as a reference throughout its entire transition phase in order to show the complete transmission relationship between each node. The main contribution of this research is: Instead of analyzing the value flow mechanism of the eco-innovation value chain of agricultural products, we provide a theoretical basis for the application of multi-objective planning in the value flow of agricultural green innovation, which is conducive to the long-term development of the value chain of agricultural eco-innovation.

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Serhii, Semenov, Davydov Viacheslav, Lipchanska Oksana, and Lipchanskyi Maksym. "DEVELOPMENT OF UNIFIED MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF PROGRAMMING MODULES OBFUSCATION PROCESS BASED ON GRAPHIC EVALUATION AND REVIEW METHOD." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, no. 2 (105) (2020): 6–16. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.206232.

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A set of algorithms of programming modules obfuscation is synthesized, which differs from the known ones by taking into account the variability of data types. This made it possible to describe these processes at the upper strategic level of formalization. The possibilities of using GERT models to apply various options of the distribution laws and their parameters in the transition from state to state are investigated. A unified GERT model of the programming modules obfuscation process is developed. This model differs from the known ones by the paradigm of using the mathematical apparatus of gamma distribution as the key one at all stages of modeling the obfuscation process. This made it possible to achieve model unification in the conditions of GERT network modification. The expectation and variance of the runtime of a random value of the obfuscation and deobfuscation time of programming modules are calculated. The results of the study showed that for the developed mathematical model, the addition of another obfuscation process leads to an increase in the runtime variance by 12 %, and when removed from the system, it decreases by 13 %. The runtime expectation changes exponentially. So, when removing the node, the expectation decreases by 9 %, and when increasing by 1 node, the expectation increases by 26 %. This shows the insignificance of changes in the studied characteristics under the conditions of model modification and confirms the hypothesis of model unification in conditions of using the mathematical apparatus of gamma distribution as the main one. These results allow the developer to predict the behavior of the programming modules protection system in terms of runtime. This allows reducing the time to decide on the feasibility of the obfuscation process

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Ковалев, И. В., Д. И. Ковалев, К. Д. Астанакулов, В. А. Подоплелова, and М. Ф. Иконникова. "On the issue of cost minimization in GERT-network models of UAV transport and technological cycles." МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ, ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ 11, no. 2(41) (2023): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26102/2310-6018/2023.41.2.014.

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В статье рассматривается применение графоаналитического метода оценки и пересмотра планов для GERT-сетевого моделирования транспортно-технологических циклов беспилотных летательных аппаратов, применяемых в системе точного земледелия. Предложено формальное описание модели и алгоритм поиска оптимальной реализации транспортно-технологического цикла БПЛА, позволяющий минимизировать затраты на его выполнение с учетом характеристик производственных ситуаций, возникающих в системе точного земледелия при применении БПЛА. Метод формализации основывается на рассмотрении транспортно-технологического цикла БПЛА как ациклической GERT-сети с истоком и стоками. Так как рассматривается стохастическая динамическая структура транспортно-технологического цикла, то предусматривается возможность введения случайных событий при его реализации и выполнении нескольких последовательных циклов. При этом минимум возможных затрат при выполнении этих транспортно-технологических циклов должен удовлетворять критерию оптимальности. Предлагается, с учетом конечного числа этапов реализации транспортно-технологических циклов БПЛА, на этапе оптимизации перейти к сокращению затрат с помощью итерационной процедуры, в результате которой лицо, принимающее решение, используя решающую GERT-сеть, сможет выбрать реализацию транспортно-технологического цикла, минимизирующую затраты на его реализацию. В работе предложена алгоритмическая процедура, обеспечивающая выбор наилучшего возможного решения, что способствует повышению эффективности формирования, анализа и управления транспортно-технологическими циклами БПЛА, так как позволяет более полно учесть характеристики производственных ситуаций в системах точного земледелия с применением беспилотных летательных аппаратов. The article discusses the use of a graphic-analytical method for evaluating and revising plans for GERT-network modeling of transport and technological cycles of unmanned aerial vehicles utilized in the precision farming system. A formal description of the model and an algorithm for searching for the optimal implementation of the UAV transport and technological cycle are proposed, which allows minimizing the costs of its implementation taking into account the characteristics of production situations that arise in the precision farming system when using the UAV. The formalization method is based on the notion of the UAV transport and technological cycle as an acyclic GERT network with a source and sinks. Since the stochastic dynamic structure of the transport-technological cycle is considered, the possibility of introducing random events during its implementation and the execution of several successive cycles is provided. At the same time, the minimum possible costs when performing these transport and technological cycles must satisfy the optimality criterion. It is suggested to switch to cost reduction by means of an iterative procedure at the optimization stage taking into account the finite number of UAV transport and technological cycle implementation stages. As a result, the decision maker, employing the decision GERT network, will be able to choose the implementation of the transport and technological cycle that minimizes costs for its implementation. The paper proposes an algorithmic procedure that ensures the choice of the best possible solution, which helps to increase the efficiency of formation, analysis and management of UAV transport and technological cycles, as it enables full consideration of the characteristics of production situations in precision farming systems using unmanned aerial vehicles.

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Baranov, V. V., A. S. Bliznevsky, D. A. Kaftasyev, Ya A. Tynchenko, and A. S. Kuznetsov. "GERT-network optimization model for technologies of hazardous industry management." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 734 (January 29, 2020): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/734/1/012038.

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Li, Yunzhe, Peng Dong, and Weimin Ye. "Joint duration-cost-quality optimization model for complex product supply chains under contingency conditions." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (2023): e0292010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292010.

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The Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique (GERT) and complex networks are used to simulate and analyse complex product supply chain networks based on the characteristics of complex product supply chain networks. And the traditional GERT is improved by constructing a grey parametric GERT network with restricted output results, taking into account the fact that the duration, product quality and product cost of each supplier in a complex product supply chain are interval values rather than definite values, and that customers have restrictions on the duration, product quality and product cost of the final product. The functional relationship between product quality, product cost and duration is analysed, and two satisfaction functions for duration and cost are constructed in order to quantify the multi-objective requirements of shortening duration, saving product cost and guaranteeing product quality for complex products under emergency situations. Then, a duration-cost-quality model for complex product supply chains in contingency situations is constructed to obtain the better duration, product cost and product quality of each supplier by optimising the indicator parameters in the network. Finally, the scientific validity and effectiveness of the model and method are verified by means of arithmetic example. The results show that the method is able to analyse the optimal duration, product quality and product cost of each supplier, and the main manufacturer can obtain an optimised combination of duration, cost and quality for a complex product supply chain in different contingency situation. To further promote the sustainable and secure development of complex product supply chains, this paper also suggests the integration of data sharing and blockchain technology with complex product supply chains to develop dynamic supply chain feedback management systems.

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Lin, Lu. "Study of the Emergency Logistics Based on GERT." Advanced Materials Research 129-131 (August 2010): 1372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.1372.

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Disaster, emergency and epidemic diseases occur often bring huge losses, these losses in large part due to the loss of emergency logistics after disaster. So how to schedule schemes within shortest time in unpredictable situations, sent emergency resources to emergency locations within the shortest time is the key. According to the principle, GERT function, moment generating function, flow chart of theory and mason formula, then, combined with examples, construct an emergency distribution model. By calculating, distribution probability of success for each line and risk probability, the distribution of time and variance were achieved, then, analyze the defects in the model and areas in which need of improvement, and finally according to the defects put forward the improved solution.

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AHMAD, S. HASANUDDIN, and M. HANI ALDABBAGH. "Development of GERT model for precommissioning/commissioning of water treatment plant." International Journal of Systems Science 27, no. 1 (1996): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207729608929184.

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Yamashiro, Mitsuo, and Jun Hao. "254 Analysis of Network Model Using GERT with Fuzzy Processing Times." Proceedings of Yamanashi District Conference 2007 (2007): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeyamanashi.2007.66.

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Nie, Xiangtian, Jianuo Gu, Pengyuan Li, Qikai Li, and Zhiyong Li. "The calculation method of critical chain buffer based on GERT network and information entropy." International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations 16, no. 3 (2025): 583–602. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijiec.2025.4.010.

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In order to address project delays caused by uncertain factors in the construction project schedule management process, a new method for calculating the size of critical chain buffers is proposed. Taking into account process uncertainty and based on the GERT network, the correction process and duration of different logical processes are provided to transform the uncertain network into a deterministic one. By combining the critical chain management method and information entropy theory to assess the impact of increasing uncertainty in the merging process on the critical chain buffer, a calculation model for the critical chain buffer size based on the GERT network is established and analyzed using a numerical example. The feasibility and effectiveness of the model are verified through an example, demonstrating its ability to reduce project risks and shorten the construction period while ensuring a high probability of project completion.

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Lu, Lin, Liguo Yang, and Xiaochun Luo. "Graph Evaluation and Review Technique for Emergency Logistics Distribution in Complex Environment." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (April 3, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6698910.

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Emergency logistics is one of the important measures to solve the unconventional sudden disaster. The research on the distribution design of emergency logistics project has an important supporting role for the whole emergency rescue system. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and plan the emergency logistics project scientifically in order to better serve the emergency rescue system. In view of the defect that the current emergency logistics model cannot completely describe the whole emergency logistics process, this paper proposes a new emergency logistics distribution model by using GERT random network. From the perspective of system, this model fully considers the possible situation in the process of emergency material transportation and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures, so as to improve the transportation efficiency of rescue materials in the actual disaster relief activities to speed up disaster relief. Based on the properties of moment generating function and the calculation method of Mason formula, this paper fully considers the success probability, risk probability, delivery time, and other factors of the distribution route and puts forward the transshipment scheme of each logistics site to the disaster sites. After that, the effectiveness of GERT stochastic network in the process of emergency distribution is verified by an example of a logistics distribution route, which provides decision-making basis for relevant departments. Compared with the literature, this paper uses GERT network model to intuitively and clearly express the overall process of emergency material distribution, breaks through the thinking mode of simply choosing the distribution path in the distribution process, combines with the dynamic changes of the distribution environment, and comprehensively considers the timeliness and traffic capacity of emergency material distribution in sudden disasters, so as to provide reference for emergency management in complex and random situations for decision-making reference.

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TODOROVA, Mirena. "GERT MODEL OF A TECHNICAL STATION FOR DETERMINING THE PASSENGER TRAINSET DELAY." Transport Problems 14, no. 1 (2019): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/tp.2019.14.1.8.

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YAMASHIRO, Mitsuo, and Tianmin ZHENG. "Completion Time and Cost Distributions of the Project Using GERT Network Model." TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series C 77, no. 773 (2011): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.77.212.

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Yamashiro, Mitsuo, and Tianmin Zheng. "613 Time and Cost Distributions of the Project in a GERT Network Model." Proceedings of Conference of Hokkaido Branch 2009.48 (2009): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehokkaido.2009.48.199.

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Semenova, Anna, Mark Dubrovskyi, and Vitalii Savitskyi. "A GERT model of an algorithm for analyzing security of a web application." Advanced Information Systems 1, no. 1 (2017): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2017.1.11.

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Zhigeng, Fang, Wu Shuang, Zhang Xiaoli, and Sun Yunke. "ADC-GERT network parameter estimation model for mission effectiveness of joint operation system." Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 32, no. 6 (2021): 1394–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/jsee.2021.000119.

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Nie, Yuanyuan, Zhigeng Fang, Sifeng Liu, and Su Gao. "Survivability Model of LEO Satellite Constellation Based on GERT with Limited Backup Resources." Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 35, no. 4 (2024): 976–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/jsee.2024.000089.

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Scozzafava, Romano. "Comment on Gert de Cooman's paper “A behavioral model for vague probability assessments”." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 154, no. 3 (2005): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fss.2005.02.005.

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Nelson, Richard Graham, Amir Azaron, and Samin Aref. "The use of a GERT based method to model concurrent product development processes." European Journal of Operational Research 250, no. 2 (2016): 566–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.09.040.

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Singh, H. R., and Gauri Shankar. "GERT analysis of two-stage attribute sampling plans based on an exponential failure model." Microelectronics Reliability 28, no. 2 (1988): 319–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(88)90365-4.

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Fisher, Nathan, and Philip Hanna. "Characterization of Bacillus anthracis Germinant Receptors In Vitro." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 23 (2005): 8055–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.23.8055-8062.2005.

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ABSTRACT Bacillus anthracis begins its infectious cycle as a metabolically dormant cell type, the endospore. Upon entry into a host, endospores rapidly differentiate into vegetative bacilli through the process of germination, thus initiating anthrax. Elucidation of the signals that trigger germination and the receptors that recognize them is critical to understanding the pathogenesis of B. anthracis. Individual mutants deficient in each of the seven putative germinant receptor-encoding loci were constructed via temperature-dependent, plasmid insertion mutagenesis and used to correlate these receptors with known germinant molecules. These analyses showed that the GerK and GerL receptors are jointly required for the alanine germination pathway and also are individually required for recognition of either proline and methionine (GerK) or serine and valine (GerL) as cogerminants in combination with inosine. The germinant specificity of GerS was refined from a previous study in a nonisogenic background since it was required only for germination in response to aromatic amino acid cogerminants. The gerA and gerY loci were found to be dispensable for recognition of all known germinant molecules. In addition, we show that the promoter of each putative germinant receptor operon, except that of the gerA locus, is active during sporulation. A current model of B. anthracis endospore germination is presented.

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El-Sherbeny, Mohamed Salah. "GERT analysis for a dissimilar two-engine aeroplane model with CCF, human error and PM." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 27, no. 3 (2010): 378–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656711011023339.

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Utkin, Lev V. "Comments on the paper “A behavioural model for vague probability assessments” by Gert de Cooman." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 154, no. 3 (2005): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fss.2005.02.006.

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Rabinowicz, Włodek. "Relacje wartości." Etyka 42 (December 1, 2009): 85–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.14394/etyka.445.

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W artykule przedstawiam ogólne ujęcie relacji wartości. Jako punkt wyjścia przyjmuję szczególny typ relacji wartości, równorzędność, stanowiącą zdaniem Ruth Chang pewną postać porównywalności wartości, która rożni się od trzech standardowych postaci porównywalności: lepszości, gorszości i równowartości. Joshua Gert zasugerował niedawno, iż pojęcie równorzędności można wyjaśnić, jeśli porównania wartości zinterpretuje się jako normatywne oceny preferencji. Chociaż podstawowa idea przyświecająca Gertowi jest atrakcyjna, sposób w jaki ją rozwija jest błędny. Jego model wartości sformułowany w kategoriach dopuszczalnych sił preferencji jest nieadekwatny. Zamiast tego proponuję model alternatywny, sformułowany w kategoriach przecięć racjonalnie dopuszczalnych uporządkowań preferencji. Dostarcza on ogólnej taksonomii wszystkich binarnych relacji wartości. Artykuł kończę kilkoma uwagami dotyczącymi następstw tego ujęcia dla teorii racjonalnego wyboru.

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Liu, Xiaqing, Zhigeng Fang, and Na Zhang. "A value transfer GERT network model for carbon fiber industry chain based on input–output table." Cluster Computing 20, no. 4 (2017): 2993–3001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10586-017-0960-y.

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Sun, Muyun, and Hong Gao. "Study on Coupling of Entrepreneurial Enterprise Growth and Enterprise Network Competence Based on a Random Network Model." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 12, no. 12 (2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v12i12.6445.

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In the 21st century, entrepreneurship has already become an important power in economic development, so entrepreneurial enterprises have turned into the research hotspot in academic circles. This paper establishes the benchmark model of entrepreneurial enterprises on the basis of random network model (GERT model). Modeling and simulation are conducted by a case study of actual data about entrepreneurial enterprise growth in Nanjing, showing the probability for entrepreneurial enterprises to grow into the mature period under the influence of the current enterprise network competence. Based on this, a comparison is made with the entrepreneurial enterprise growth model established. According to the modeling and simulation, the probability for entrepreneurial enterprises to grow into the mature period is increased under the influence of enterprise network competence. Therefore, suggestions of improving the enterprise network competence of entrepreneurial enterprises are proposed.

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Kovalev, I. V., D. I. Kovalev, A. A. Voroshilova, V. A. Podoplelova, and D. A. Borovinsky. "GERT analysis of UAV transport technological cycles when used in precision agriculture." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1076, no. 1 (2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1076/1/012055.

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Abstract The article discusses a new stage in the development of the agricultural sphere, associated with the use of precision farming technologies. It is shown that the development of precision farming technology requires a higher level of technical support based on the use of unmanned aerial systems that perform differentiated application of pesticides and fertilizers according to a given field treatment program. A stochastic GERT-model of the UAV transport technological cycle is proposed. The loss of UAV performance over time serves as a criterion in the risk analysis of UAV transport technological cycles. This paper proposes a method for determining the quantitative characteristics of the risks of UAV transport units as a local criterion for the predicted amount of downtime and losses. A new method for calculating the quantitative values of the risk of UAV downtime, as the main link in the precision farming system in one transport technological cycle, is proposed based on the procedures of stochastic graphs.

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Xu, Zhe, Jing Yu, and Hongbo Li. "Analyzing Integrated Cost-Schedule Risk for Complex Product Systems R&D Projects." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/472640.

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The vast majority of the research efforts in project risk management tend to assess cost risk and schedule risk independently. However, project cost and time are related in reality and the relationship between them should be analyzed directly. We propose an integrated cost and schedule risk assessment model for complex product systems R&D projects. Graphical evaluation review technique (GERT), Monte Carlo simulation, and probability distribution theory are utilized to establish the model. In addition, statistical analysis and regression analysis techniques are employed to analyze simulation outputs. Finally, a complex product systems R&D project as an example is modeled by the proposed approach and the simulation outputs are analyzed to illustrate the effectiveness of the risk assessment model. It seems that integrating cost and schedule risk assessment can provide more reliable risk estimation results.

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Rashed, Sosan M., and Ahmed M. R. Mahjoob. "Solving Time-Cost Tradeoff Problem with Resource Constraint Using Fuzzy Mathematical Model." Journal of Engineering 20, no. 09 (2023): 10–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2014.09.02.

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Scheduling considered being one of the most fundamental and essential bases of the project management. Several methods are used for project scheduling such as CPM, PERT and GERT. Since too many uncertainties are involved in methods for estimating the duration and cost of activities, these methods lack the capability of modeling practical projects. Although schedules can be developed for construction projects at early stage, there is always a possibility for unexpected material or technical shortages during construction stage. The objective of this research is to build a fuzzy mathematical model including time cost tradeoff and resource constraints analysis to be applied concurrently. The proposed model has been formulated using fuzzy theory combining CPM computations, time-cost trade off analysis and resource constraint. MATLAB software has been adopted to perform ranking process, for each case, that facilitates obtaining the optimum solution. This research infers that it is possible to perform time-cost trade off analysis with resource restriction simultaneously, which ensures achieving scheduling optimum solution reducing the effort and the time when performing these techniques in succession using traditional methods.

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Dorrer, M. G., A. A. Popov, E. I. Trishkina, and N. A. Romanov. "Building a GERT model of life cycle of educational and scientific information resources using Process Mining technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1691 (November 2020): 012070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1691/1/012070.

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Wang, Zhao, Sifeng Liu, and Zhigeng Fang. "Research on SoS-GERT Network Model for Equipment System of Systems Contribution Evaluation Based on Joint Operation." IEEE Systems Journal 14, no. 3 (2020): 4188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2019.2956549.

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