Dissertations / Theses: 'Gestalt theory'

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Talbot, Mike. "Conflict, commerce and contact : Gestalt theory and conflict resolution." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2017. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/21389/.

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Evans, Deborah Susan Julia. "Professional practice and intra personal functioning : an exploration of the theory practice gap in trainee nurses." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287961.

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Oliveira, Helder Alves de. "Aplicação de princípios gestálticos no planejamento de estruturas composicionais utilizadas na peça segmentos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6614.

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This dissertation examines the potential of application of Gestalt Psychology Principles in the planning of compositional structures in the work Segmentos, for symphony orchestra. The Gestalt analysis of musical works accomplished by several autors, such as Meyer (1956), Lerdahl and Jackendoff (1983), and Tenney and Polansky (1980), was used in this dissertation on a prescriptive fashion. The analogies between musical gestures and features of visual objects perception, according to Gestalt Theory, was thought by these autors. In this dissertation, these analogies were counted as musical suggestions to the planning of the work Segmentos, which consists of three movements. For the planning of the musical gestures in the first movement, titled Hábito, and the third movement, titled Pregnância, subjective or qualitative suggestions were employed, i.e., without using mathematical calculations. For the planning of the musical gestures in the second movement, titled Tenere, objective or quantitative suggestions were employed, besides subjective or qualitative suggestions. For this Second movement, a computer software was created in order to generate and segment melodies, according to works of Tenney and Polansky, who applied by calculations the Gestalt principles related with grouping and segregation of perceptual objects. These melodic segments were substantial for the management of musical parameters. It is our intention that this dissertation, which apply some Gestalt principles in the context of musical composition, shall serve as a basis for the conscious planning of musical works and shall be a reference for research in such a way that one can carry out the examination of other applications of Gestalt principles in the planning of musical works.
Este trabalho examina o potencial da aplicação dos princípios da Psicologia da Gestalt no planejamento de estruturas composicionais na obra Segmentos, para orquestra sinfônica. As análises gestálticas de obras musicais realizadas por diversos autores, como Meyer (1956), Lerdahl e Jackendoff (1983), e Tenney e Polansky (1980), foram utilizadas neste trabalho sob um viés prescritivo. As analogias entre os gestos musicais e as características da percepção de objetos visuais, segundo a Teoria da Gestalt, foram refletidas por esses autores. Neste trabalho, essas analogias foram consideradas como sugestões musicais para o planejamento da obra Segmentos, que consiste em três movimentos. Para o planejamento dos gestos musicais no primeiro movimento, intitulado Hábito, e no terceiro movimento, intitulado Pregnância, foram empregadas sugestões subjetivas ou qualitativas, isto é, sem a utilização de cálculos matemáticos. Para o planejamento dos gestos musicais no segundo movimento, intitulado Tenere, foram empregadas sugestões objetivas ou quantitativas, além das sugestões subjetivas ou qualitativas. Para esse segundo movimento, um aplicativo computacional foi criado para gerar e segmentar melodias, segundo os trabalhos de Tenney e Polansky, que aplicaram através de cálculos os princípios gestálticos de proximidade e similaridade, relacionados com o agrupamento e segregação de objetos perceptuais. Esses segmentos melódicos foram fundamentais para o gerenciamento dos parâmetros musicais. É nossa intenção que este trabalho, que aplica alguns princípios gestálticos na composição musical, possa servir de base para o planejamento consciente de obras musicais e, também, que possa ser um referencial de pesquisa para que se realize o exame de outras aplicações dos princípios gestálticos no planejamento de obras musicais.

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Hassan, Mohamed Sayed. "Cassirer and structuralism of perception : an application of group theory to Gestalt psychology." Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2535/.

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Ernst Cassirer's task was to set up an account of perception as objective judgement. We can trace Cassirer's view of perception through three different accounts each of which aimed to give an answer of how perceptual judgements can be possible. These three accounts started from (1900-1923) where he presented his view depending on Functional- Relational analysis of perceptual experience. The second account started from (1923-1933) where he presented his view of perception depending on symbolic analysis of perceptual experience, and finally the third account started from (1933-1945) where the analysis of perceptual phenomena has been made depending on his apprehension of Group Theory. The main target of Cassirer in the third account was to show that there is similarity between geometry and perception with respect to the ways both of these two disciplines build up their objects. Having the same logical base, Cassirer claimed that there is similarity between geometrical determination of the object and perceptual determination of the experienced object. For Cassirer, this similarity is what allows an application of "group theory" to perception. As a result of that claim, Cassirer shifted mathematical terms such as "invariance", "frame of reference" and "transformation" from the province of geometry and reused them in the field of perception for setting up what he called psychology of thought. This thesis discusses Cassirer's first two accounts and focuses on the third account by giving examples of how the mathematical concept of "group" can be used as an analogy to provide an intrinsic explanation of the nature of the objects and their characteristics one experiences during the perceptual situation. The explanations of the perceptual phenomena represented in the perceptual experience, as given by Cassirer, based on Gestalt psychology, reflected this understanding. The ample examples created by the Gestalt psychologists and used by Cassirer indicated how both understood the object of perceptual experience as constructed and not as a thing or hic et nunc. I will show that in these three accounts, there are non-physical elements, which defined here as structural elements, involved in the perceptual experience. By the virtue of these non-physical elements, perceptual judgements are possible. Cassirer and the Gestalt psychologists emphasized that these structural elements are presupposed in every perceptual experience and this understanding will lead to the claim that both Cassirer and the Gestaltists presupposed the constructive unity of mind based on a transcendental analysis of the nature of mind and its cognitive processes.

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Lu, Wei Yuan. "Is image analysis based on Gestalt theory a valuable approach to teaching photography?" Thesis, Durham University, 2008. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1922/.

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The general aim of the thesis is to justify the claim that image analysis based on Gestalt psychology can be helpful in improving students' understanding and practice in photography. The thesis firstly identifies the technique-led curriculum as the major problem in photographic education in Taiwan as well as in the teacher-researcher's classroom. A new teaching programme integrating image analysis with Gestalt theory was formulated at the beginning of the target semester, in an attempt to develop students' ability to produce and appreciate photographs.

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Uldall, Brian Robert. "Counterfactual thinking and cognitive consistency." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1132685877.

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Swanepoel, Lizanne. "Chronosisteemverwante faktore wat gelei het tot bende–betrokkenheid in 'n landelike gebied in die Wes–Kaap / Swanepoel L." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7559.

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Twee navorsingsvrae word deur hierdie studie beantwoord, naamlik “Wat is die Chronosisteemverwante faktore wat gelei het tot bende–betrokkenheid in ’n landelike gebied in die Wes–Kaap vanuit die perspektief van oud–bendelede?” en “Watter riglyne kan daar gestel word ter voorkoming van bende–betrokkenheid by jonger kinders in Sir Lowry’s Pass Village, gebaseer op die chronosisteemverwante faktore wat geïdentifiseer word?” ’n Gevallestudie–ontwerp is gevolg waar retrospektiewe beskrywings van oorsaaklike faktore deur oud–bendelede lig gewerp het op aspekte wat relevant is in die voorkoming van bende–betrokkenheid by jonger kinders in ’n kwesbare landelike gebied, naamlik Sir Lowry’s Pass Village in die Wes–Kaap. Chronosisteemverwante faktore wat gelei het tot bende–betrokkenheid in ’n landelike gebied in die Wes–Kaap, naamlik Sir Lowry’s Pass Village, moet vasgestel word aangesien dit ’n kettingreaksie tot gevolg het. Sir Lowry’s Pass Village is ’n gevaarsone vir kinders wat bende–betrokkenheid betref. Indien die faktore vasgestel kan word, kan dit as ’n riglyn vir die bekamping van bende–betrokkenheid dien. Hierdie studie poog om riglyne daar te stel gebaseer op die bevindinge sodat kinders teen bende–betrokkenheid beskerm kan word.
Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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Lazarou, Veniece Elaine. "A Gestalt approach to understand the meaning of trauma as perceived by grade 7 adolescents / Lazarou V.E." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8084.

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The aim of this study was to explore and describe the Grade 7 adolescents’ meaning of the phenomenon of trauma to gain a more comprehensive understanding of their perceptions in order to contribute to dialogue and discourse. Current literature was used to provide an overview of the theoretical underpinnings of this study which included a summary of the key tenets as well as an overview of the relevant core theoretical assumptions of Gestalt Therapy theory, early adolescence as a developmental stage, and the concept of trauma. A qualitative instrumental case study was used to provide a comprehensive description of the subjective perceptions of the participants, using phenomenological one–on–one semi–structured interviews and documents in the form of drawings. The sample consisted of a selected group of nine early adolescents from one Northern suburb school. The common thread that ran throughout this study was that trauma is perceived as a negative experience that is unique for each individual. The findings indicated that individuals who have been exposed to a trauma are affected on levels of contact and awareness. Lack of support was found to lead to the use of inappropriate contact styles which led to incomplete Gestalts, resulting in unresolved traumatic responses, which affected their social skills and academic development.
Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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Jones, Lee-Anne. "Experiences and needs of mothers of sexually abused children : a Gestalt perspective / Jones, L.K." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7058.

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The aim of this qualitative study was to explore and describe the experiences and needs of mothers of sexually abused children. A conceptual framework outlined the theoretical underpinnings of this study which focused on the core theoretical concepts of Gestalt therapy theory and the field of child sexual abuse with particular focus on the impact that the child’s trauma has on the mother. Semi–structured interviews were conducted with a sample of five mothers in order to gain rich data from their phenomenological experience. These interviews were transcribed into text and analysed. Several themes and categories emerged and were explored with the use of a literature control. These themes included the mother’s phenomenological experience of the sequence of disclosure, their awareness of the impact of their child’s sexual abuse on their holistic sense of self, their intra and interpersonal contact making styles, their need to facilitate a healthy sense of self and lastly their phenomenological knowledge gained through their field experience. The disclosure of their child’s sexual abuse signifies the start of the secondary trauma experienced by mothers, and the start of the cycle of a new experience that they struggle to bring to closure. This knowledge that their child has been sexually abused has an immediate negative impact on the mother’s field and their sense of self. Their process of healthy self–regulation is hindered due to the strong negative polarities in the self being formed and the self–blame that the mothers experience. This study therefore concluded and strongly recommended that mothers of sexually abused children receive support in the form of therapeutic intervention and education while their child receives therapy.
Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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Van, Jaarsveld Lizelle. "Children's experiences of the repositioning of their psychological birth order in a reconstituted family / Lizelle van Jaarsveld." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9854.

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The aim of this study is to explore and describe children’s experiences of the repositioning of their psychological birth order in a reconstituted family. The aim of this study is also to contribute to a better understanding of this phenomenon to aid the parents of these children as well as professionals working with such families. The systems theory was used as the meta-theory of this study. Gestalt field theory formed the connection between the systems theory and Adlerian theory, to portray the interaction between the individual and the different subsystems of which they are part, and formed the lens through which the study was done. Adlerian theory was used to explain the subsystems function in the micro system, with the focus on children’s experiences of the repositioning of their birth order in a reconstituted family. A qualitative research method with Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used as research design. Eight children took part in this study. The researcher used semi-structured interviews to explore their experiences of the repositioning of their psychological birth order and the data was analysed thematically. The researcher had a discussion with the participants’ parents to determine the children’s psychological birth order and to obtain background information regarding the original and reconstituted families. The findings indicated that children’s experiences in relation to their parents and siblings had the most profound effect on how they experienced the repositioning of their psychological birth order in a reconstituted family. It seemed that participants preferred their parents treating them congruent to their psychological birth order within the reconstituted family and they experienced incongruent treatment to their psychological birth order, as negative. Participants enjoyed being favoured by their parents. If the sibling who caused the repositioning was favoured, or his or her parents unfairly blamed the relevant participant, it contributed to tension in the sibling and child-parent relationships. Participants seemed to associate less time spent with parents as well as less attention from parents with step- and half-siblings in the reconstituted family. Participants expressed less responsibility in the reconstituted family as a favourable aspect and more responsibilities in the reconstituted family as a unfavourable aspect of being repositioned. In the participants’ experiences, which related to their siblings, the children seemed to defend their psychological positions in their renegotiation for new positions and roles in the reconstituted family often resulting in power struggles and sibling rivalry. Age and gender differences played a role in this process. When participants were ineffective in their negotiation of a new position within the new sibling subsystem, feelings of isolation were reported. Participants experienced frustration when they were unsuccessful in their negotiations regarding former roles associated with their psychological birth order in the new family system. Participants expressed companionship with a step- or half-sibling of the same gender as a favourable experience in their repositioning. The time elapsed since the reconstitution of the family, seemed to play an important role in how children experienced the repositioning of their psychological birth order.
Thesis (MA (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

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Durbach, Lisa-Mandi. "The use of interactive stories to deal with awareness of high sensitivity in middle childhood / Durbach L.M." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/6951.

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One in five children are born highly sensitive (HS), with nervous systems that are more sensitive to sensory subtleties. The highly sensitive child (HSC) presents with behaviour that is often a way of coping with sensory overload from their environment. The symptoms of HS are often mistaken for shyness, introversion, timidity and a low sensory threshold. Because of their lack of understanding, teachers mislabel and misdiagnose these children as being mentally ill, or as suffering from, inter alia, ADHD or learning problems. When such children (HSC) are misunderstood, they begin to feel ‘different’ and ‘flawed’, which can lead to low self–esteem. The purpose of this study is to explore perceptions by HS children in middle childhood, to explore how aware they are of HS, and to discover the extent to which they have been affected by negative labelling often caused by being misunderstood, misdiagnosed and misinterpreted. The structured interviews conducted with HSC comprised of an interactive story, which had been written and illustrated to create explicit awareness of HS. After the storybook had been read, an interview schedule on HS was applied. Next, a focus group interview was conducted with the teachers to gather more rich data, thereby ensuring its trustworthiness. The aim was to explore the teachers’ perceptions of HSC in middle childhood. This exploration was necessary for making effective recommendations for managing and supporting HSC, so that the children can reach their full potential. Many HSC are gifted, and often become visionaries and pioneers in their particular fields.
Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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Alves, Ana Filipa Frazão dos Santos. "Os desafios do designer contemporâneo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12193.

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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Design de Comunicação, apresentada na Universidade de Lisboa - Faculdade de Arquitectura.
O que é o design gráfico, qual é a sua importância no contexto actual e quais são os atributos que um designer contemporâneo deve possuir para a ser bem sucedido? É este o tópico investigativo que se pretendeu abordar com a realização de um estágio no atelier de design Designways, cujo relatório representa um registo e uma reflexão sobre as exigências e dificuldades inerentes à prática do Design Gráfico nos dias que correm. Apesar de, no local de estágio, serem desenvolvidos projectos de vários ramos do design - design de ambientes, equipamento, produto, etc -, este estágio focou-se em projectos de design gráfico. O relatório de estágio divide-se em duas partes, sendo a primeira parte uma breve contextualização teórica introdutória, que se apresenta como uma reflexão sobre o papel do designer gráfico na conjuntura social actual e sobre a presença, abrangência e importância desta prática. A segunda parte corresponde à prática, contemplando a integração no atelier e um registo, descrição e análise detalhados dos projectos nos quais a mestranda participou. Os objectivos deste estágio prenderam-se com o nosso interesse em compreender os principais obstáculos que o designer contemporâneo tem de enfrentar no exercício da sua actividade, bem como na adaptação à linguagem própria que domina a questão das interacções com clientes e colegas. A metodologia utilizada foi uma metodologia intervencionista, relacionada com a investigação activa e a experimentação em que a investigadora teve a possibilidade de manipulação das variáveis de cada projecto tendo, até certo ponto, poder sobre a tomada decisões. Os resultados inicialmente esperados foram a obtenção de um maior conhecimento das exigências desta profissão através de um contacto directo com a mesma que, idealmente, resultaria numa mais adequada percepção do Mercado de trabalho e numa melhor preparação para o enfrentar após conclusão do Mestrado.
ABSTRACT: What is graphic design, what is its importance in the present day context and what are the attributes a contemporary communication designer must possess in order to succeed? This is the investigative topic that we wanted to approach with an internship in the design studio Designways and an internship report that represented a record and reflection on the demands and difficulties inherent to the practice of graphic design. Despite Designways developing all sorts of design projects - environments, equipment, product, etc -, this internship focused on graphic design projects. The report is divided into two parts, the first being a brief introductory contextualization that will be presented as a reflection on the role that the graphic designer plays in the present social conjuncture and on the breadth and importance of this practice. The second part corresponds to the practical stage, contemplating the integration in the design studio and a record, description and detailed analysis of the projects in which we participated. The objectives of this internship are tied to our interest in understanding the main obstacles that contemporary designers have to face while practicing their activity, as well as how to adapt to the language that controls the issue of interactions with clients and co-workers. The methodology that was used is an interventionist methodology connected to experimentation and active research in which the investigator was able to manipulate the variables of each project having, up to a certain point, some decision making power. The initial expected results were the attainment of a greater knowledge of the demands of this profession through direct contact that would, ideally, result in a more adequate perception of the Job Market and in a better preparation to face it after finishing the Master’s Degree.

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Keller, Rodrigo dos Santos. "Educar para observar : uma proposta metodológica para educação visual." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/16318.

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Este trabalho, de natureza interdisciplinar, tem suas raízes firmadas nas Ciências Cognitivas, mais especificamente nos estudos sobre a Percepção Visual e a teoria da Gestalt, identificando a Inteligência Visual, como um importante processo cognitivo na formação do individuo. A partir daí, os ramos desta investigação colocam em pauta uma análise de como lidamos com a ampla utilização de imagens, cada vez mais instantâneas e digitais, o que nos leva a repensar e reestruturar conhecimentos e ações em relação à educação visual. Partindo da afirmação, de que, atualmente estamos vivenciando uma época onde o uso de imagens - seja em qualquer área e com qualquer pretensão - está cada vez mais forte e com o aporte veloz das novas tecnologias, esta tese, concatena a teoria da Gestalt da percepção dos objetos, com o instrumento da fotografia. Esta última, justamente por ser nesta nova era da comunicação visual, um dos meios tecnológicos mais utilizados. Adotando a técnica de estudo de caso, este trabalho através do projeto "Meu Ponto de Vista", traz uma proposta metodológica para educação visual no quarto ciclo do ensino fundamental, e aponta os requisitos e indicadores encontrados no desenvolvimento da investigação.
This multidisciplinary research is based on Cognitive Sciences concepts related to Visual Perception area, and the Gestalt theory. The main point addressed by the thesis identifies visual intelligence as an important education process component. This thesis shows how we can use images to restructure our knowledge and actions using visual education . Nowadays, the use of images is part of our ordinary life. The Gestalt theory can help us to better explain how photography aids us to percept our environment, due the fact that this is the era of visual communication par excellence. We adopted case study to conduct our thesis validation. An environment named "Meu ponto de vista" ("My point of view") was created to support our methodological proposal. Experiments were running with fourth grade elementary school students.

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Boshoff, Jenilee N. "Young adults' perceptions of community violence experienced in a South African context during adolescence." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77290.

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Community violence (CV) is a social phenomenon that touches societies around the globe and exhibits alarming prevalence, especially among South African youth. Considering that CV exposure often causes severe internalising and externalising effects, it is not surprising that it can be one of the most destructive experiences for children. Since childhood informs further development, it is significant that factors influencing the general well-being of children be understood and discussed. This includes the exploration and study of a child’s perception, as perceptions have substantial influence over behaviour and well-being. However, few studies have been employed to understand how the youth perceive CV, despite the extensive literature available on this phenomenon. The current study was thus imperative in understanding how adolescents make sense of and perceive CV, which may contribute invaluable knowledge to the intervention efforts and strategies of social workers working with communities. The goal of this study was to explore and describe young adults’ perceptions of CV experienced in a South African context during adolescence. The major objectives of this study were to explore and describe how the participants were exposed to and perceived CV during adolescence, as well as how they believe they were affected by this exposure. The study followed a qualitative research approach and the participants, who comprise of the study population of young adults between the ages of 20 and 25 residing in the City of Tshwane, were attained through means of non-probability sampling, specifically the purposive and snowball sampling methods. An instrumental case study design was applied to the cases of ten (10) participants, who voluntarily participated in semi-structured qualitative interviews that were analysed according to the process phases of Thematic Analysis and were interpreted from the theoretical underpinning of Gestalt theory. The results show that adolescents’ exposure to CV took many different forms and infiltrated their everyday lives. In addition, adolescents’ perceptions of CV were greatly informed and influenced by various factors, both within themselves and within their environments. Furthermore, perceptions of CV were found to largely determine and affect their appraisal thereof, their relative interest therein, as well as their behavioural responses thereto. It can thus be concluded that the study on perceptions of CV is significant towards understanding adolescents’ internal and external functioning and for determining some of the threats encapsulated in CV exposure on adolescent development. Another conclusion drawn was that adolescents’ perceptions of CV may have certain limitations, which could negatively influence reasoning and decision-making and may place various restrictions on their lives. Through socialisation, beliefs and behaviour regarding CV can become normalised, which may lead to the desensitisation thereof. Moreover, perceptions of CV are highly complex and can shape adolescents’ worldviews and self-perception, which might go on to threaten their moral ground and cause disempowerment. The results provide some support for social workers working in violent communities by highlighting various protective factors that may curb the normalisation of CV, as well as its negative effects. Further research should be conducted to determine the degree to which CV has been normalised in South African communities, and the researcher recommends the use of a longitudinal and mixed-method research approach.
Mini Dissertation (MSW (Play-based Intervention))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
2022/12/31
Social Work and Criminology
MSW (Play-based Intervention)
Unrestricted

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Foultier, Anna Petronella. "Recasting Objective Thought : The Venture of Expression in Merleau-Ponty’s Philosophy." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-113278.

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This thesis is about meaning, expression and language in Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy, and their role in the phenomenological project as a whole. For Merleau-Ponty, expression is the taking up of a meaning given either in perception or in already acquired forms of expression, thereby repeating, transforming or congealing meaning into gestures, utterances, artworks, ideas or theories. Contrary to the predominant view in the literature, the relation of expression to meaning, and in particular the problem of expressing new meanings, was of fundamental importance to Merleau-Ponty from the very beginning, in that it was intrinsically related to the overcoming of what he termed “objective thought”. Admittedly, there is an evolution of his philosophy in this respect: from the early stance where the recasting of certain basic categories is taken as pivotal for the development of a new form of thinking, with arguments drawn also from various empirical and social sciences, to what appears to be an effort at an all-pervading reformulation of philosophical language during his last years. But the remoulding of categories was never for Merleau-Ponty a matter simply of finding a few, better adapted concepts, but from the outset an endeavour to think philosophical arguments through to a point where they reveal their inherent inconsistencies. Recasting philosophical expression is thus a risky enterprise, and this is a point I explore further in Essay 1, that focuses especially upon creative expression in painting and to some extent in literature. In Essay 2 I discuss the notion of Gestalt and how it serves this general project, whereas Essay 3 deals with verbal language, on the basis of Merleau-Ponty’s reading of Saussure’s linguistics. Essay 4 examines bodily expression from the point of view of feminist phenomenology and in particular Judith Butler’s early reading of Merleau-Ponty, and finally Essay 5 discusses expression in the art of dance.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Accepted. Paper 5: Accepted.

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Sjödin, Åsa. "The whole is “other” than the sum of its parts : An investigation of synesthesia and perception through a patchwork." Thesis, Konstfack, Textil, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7233.

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Some people experience music as colourful patterns or feel it as a physical touch, they have synesthesia. A neurological condition in which a stimulus of one sense automatically and involuntarily triggers a sensation in another sense. This shows that perception is not normative. The aim of this work is to try to develop an understanding of this phenomenon by using textile dyeing and patchwork as a tool for my investigation of it. Another aim is to raise awareness and try to see if it is possible for a non synesthete to experience something similar to the complex intersensory connections as those with synesthesia have. The sum of all perceptions of a human, after it has been processed by their own mind, can result in something that is not just the sum of each individual perception, but something that can at the end be quite different from what might be expected. This motivated the title, and furthermore leads naturally into the Gestalt theory of perception, which is used as the major theoretical framework for this paper.

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Hugo, Carina Jacobie. "An exploration of risk and protective variables in the bio–psychosocial field of South African adolescents with cystic fibrosis / Hugo C.J." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7358.

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The general aim for this research was to explore and describe the risk and protective variables in the bio–psychosocial field of adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) and to describe how these variables impact multi–dimensionally on such adolescents. From the literature search it seemed as if interventions regarding CF focus mainly on the medical condition. No literature could be found on the experiences of adolescents with CF. It is clear that there is a dearth of research on adolescents with CF in general but also specifically on the bio–psychosocial impact of this illness on adolescents in this challenging time of maturing. The research design was a case study and focused on exploration and description of risk and protective factors in the bio–psychosocial fields of adolescents with CF. Semi–structured interviews were used as a data collecting method. Questions were open–ended, but focused on the experience of adolescents having CF. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis based on the following steps, which entailed among others transcribing data, reading, re–reading, translation, coding, identifying and describing themes. Facing a chronic illness and the intensive medical treatment required is a harsh reality that influences the entire field of adolescents with CF. This research results expanded knowledge of CF in adolescents within a Gestalt field perspective. Themes identified outline risk and protective factors related to faith, daily routines and especially the effect of medical procedures on time management, emotions, health and body–related aspects, frequent hospitalisation, social support and future concerns. If the risk and protective variables in the field of adolescents with CF is better understood from their own perspective, it is assumed that trans–disciplinary interventions with a multi–dimensional focus will be targeted more accurately in intervention strategies for this vulnerable group.
Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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18

Ganière, Caroline. "L'organisation motrice de l'élève apprenant en E.P.S. : élaboration d'un cadre d'analyse pour l'intervention." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20010/document.

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Cette thèse vise l’élaboration d’un cadre d’analyse des conduites motrices des élèves engagés dans une tâche motrice en EPS. Cet objectif s’ancre dans le constat d’un déficit de connaissances des enseignants d’EPS en matière de lecture de la motricité des élèves et de guidage de leurs apprentissages. En appui sur le constat que les enseignants experts perçoivent les conduites motrices des élèves indissociablement comme forme et sens, le cadre de la Gestalttheorie a été retenu pour considérer ces conduites comme des totalités dynamiques et signifiantes. L’ancrage phénoménologique de la Gestalttheorie a conduit à recueillir deux types de données empiriques sur le terrain de l’enseignement de trois APSA (gymnastique, natation et danse) : a) des données descriptives de type morphologique, relatives aux formes de corps et de mouvements corporels donnés à voir par les élèves ; b) des données interprétatives relatives à leur expérience vécue, obtenues, d’une part, en faisant des inférences sur le sens de cette expérience à partir des formes observées et, d’autre part, en utilisant la rétroaction vidéo dans l’esprit de l’explicitation psychophénoménologique pour conduire des entretiens avec les participants. Le traitement des données a permis de faire émerger des catégories fonctionnelles de la motricité de deux ordres : des catégories infraintentionnelles et des catégories intentionnelles. Le « remplissement » de ces catégories au fil des trois études présentées, ainsi que leur mise en relation dans la structure d’ensemble que représente la conduite motrice comme gestalt, ont permis d’établir une lecture compréhensive de l’organisation motrice des participants et de mettre en évidence la cohérence de « comportements privilégiés », c’est-à-dire des conduites motrices momentanément adossées certes à un certain « vouloir », mais indissociablement à un certain « pouvoir » actuels. Les résultats montrent qu’avec l’augmentation du degré d’élaboration de l’organisation motrice, les différentes fonctions considérées pour l’analyse s’intègrent de plus en plus dans une unité fonctionnelle fédérée par une visée intentionnelle polarisée par la finalité de l’action. La synthèse des résultats montre la possibilité de baliser des éléments d’une morphogenèse des conduites motrices, dont un aspect générique saillant converge avec le principe de concrétisation énoncé par Simondon à propos des objets techniques en général
This thesis aims to elaborate an analytical framework of pupil motor skills when takingpart in motor skills tasks in a Physical Education class. The fundamental reasoning behind thisstudy is the observation of a general lack of understanding among P.E. teachers of how tointerpret pupils’ motor skills and how to best guide pupils’ learning. Considering also theobservation that specialist Physical Education teachers perceive pupils’ motor skills as aninseparable item in both form and meaning, the Gestalttheory framework has been used toconsider these skills as dynamic and meaningful totalities. The phenomenological basis ofGestalt theory led us to collect two sorts of empirical data in fieldwork when teaching threeactivities (gymnastics, swimming and dance): a) descriptive data of a morphological type,relative to the corporeal forms and body movement made by the pupils ; b) interpretive datarelative to their actual experiences, obtained, on the one hand, by making inferences tomeaning of these experiences based on the forms observed and, on the other hand, by usingvideo replays as in a psycho-phenomenological explication to conduct interviews with theparticipants.The processing of this data allowed us to show the existence of two functional categoriesof motor skills : infra-intentional and intentional categories. The “completion” of thesecategories during the three studies mentioned, as well as the connection with the overallstructure which shows motor skills as essentially Gestalt, enabled us to establishcomprehensive understanding of the participants’ motor organisation and to underline thecoherence of “privileged behaviour”, in other words motor skills linked, be it momentarily, toa certain current “desire” but also inseparable from a certain current “ability”. The resultsshow that as the degree of elaboration of motor skills increases, the different functions studiedare constantly integrated into a functional unit mobilised by focalising an intention polarisedby the final result of the action. The synthesis of the results gives us the possibility to markout the elements of motor skills morphogenesis, whose most salient generic aspect is theconvergence with the principle of concretisation as stated by Simondon in reference totechnical objects in general

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19

Lopes, Lais Cândido Rodrigues da Silva. "Geração de mapas densos de disparidades utilizando cortes de grafo." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7717.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
The capture of images by multiple positions allows to recover the three-dimensional information of the environment applying the knowledge about the geometry of the cameras and the correspondences between the points of the images. The correspondence of characteristics in images is the task of relating regions of different images to the same point of interest, being considered a problem of difficult solution, since it suffers with ambiguities, occlusions, variation of illumination, besides local distortions. For having so many challenges, this subject is one of the most investigated in the field of computer vision cite Scharstein2001. The present dissertation aims to generate dense disparity maps, using graph cutting, from search spaces constructed with matching metrics based on laws of the Gestalt theory. A hybrid approach was developed, consisting of a local algorithm to construct the image disparity space (EDI), and a global algorithm used to optimize the disparities. The results were maps of disparities close to the expected maps ( textit groundtruth). It was also perceived the best performance of the methodology proposed in relation to the separate methods that compose it.
A captura de imagens por múltiplas posições permite recuperar a informação tridimensional do ambiente aplicando o conhecimento sobre a geometria das câmeras e as correspondências entre os pontos das imagens. A correspondência de características em imagens é a tarefa de relacionar regiões de imagens diferentes a um mesmo ponto de interesse, sendo considerado um problema de difícil solução, uma vez que, sofre com ambiguidades, oclusões, variação de iluminação, além de distorções locais. Por contar com tantos desafios, este tema é um dos mais investigados na área de visão computacional [Scharstein e Szeliski 2002]. A presente dissertação tem por objetivo gerar mapas de disparidade densos, usando corte de grafos, a partir de espaços de busca construídos com métricas de correspondência baseadas em leis da teoria Gestalt. Foi desenvolvida uma abordagem híbrida, composta de um algoritmo local para construir o espaço de disparidades da imagem (EDI), e um algoritmo global utilizado para otimizar as disparidades. Os resultados foram mapas de disparidades próximos dos mapas esperados (ground-truth). Percebeu-se a melhor performance da metodologia proposta em relação aos métodos em separado que a compõe.

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20

De, Beer Christina Elizabeth. "Die ontwikkeling van 'n riglyn vir opvoerders vir die bewusmaking van simptome van temporale-en frontalelob-epilepsie by die laerskoolleerder (Afrikaans)." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28952.

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The Whole thesis is in Afrikaans: Epilepsy is a phenomenon that can manifest in a variety of ways, which differ mainly in severity, appearance, aetiology, effect and control thereof. In this study a lack of knowledge and education about epilepsy is pointed out as a factor that was neglected over the years. It is of utmost importance to distinguish between three main categories of epilepsy as all three types have a restraining effect that may leave any learner vulnerable. The popular belief about the concept epilepsy until recently did not recognize the type of epilepsy where a disturbance in consciousness or relapse in consciousness only occurred as in the case with elementary partial attacks (temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy). Ignorance about temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy, as well as the fact that the physical symptoms of this type of epilepsy are very subtle in nature, may be the cause why acceptance of this condition has been slow or undervalued. In reality learners with lobe epilepsy are not regarded as disabled and should such a learner not be diagnosed and not receive the correct treatment, he/she will not be able to function optimally. The researcher has made a study of epilepsy as well as the physical, cognitive, emotional, social, self image impact on the learner in family and school context. The impact of epilepsy on the primary school learner was studied from a gestalt point of view. In this study the researcher employed both a quantitative and qualitative research approach. It was therefore fitting to formulate a research question and a hypothesis. The research question formulated for this study is as follows: What is the knowledge basis of teachers regarding learners with lobe epilepsy? The empirical study indicated that the researcher could provide an answer to the research question by way of semi-structured interviews that indicated that the knowledge basis of the teachers was not sufficient to identify learners with this phenomena. The researcher determined through these interviews that teachers experienced a need to extend their knowledge about temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy. The hypothesis formulated for this study is as follows: Should information and clear guidelines regarding the identification of a learner with lobe epilepsy be offered to teachers, the learner with lobe epilepsy would be identified timeously in the school system. The researcher did a pre-test on the knowledge levels on lobe epilepsy among teachers by way of questionnaires. The pre-test was followed by a structured information session after which an after-test was done by way of questionnaires to determine the change in the teachers’ knowledge basis. The empirical study showed that the teachers’ knowledge basis increased due to the information session offered to them. After this study the teachers could identify learners and refer them for diagnosis and treatment as a result of an increased knowledge basis about this phenomena. The study was followed up by guidelines offered to the teachers on identifying the primary school learner with temporal and frontal lobe epilepsy.
Thesis (DPhil (Social Work))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
Social Work and Criminology
unrestricted

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21

Arblaster, Wes J. "A Semblance of Things Unseen: Damaged Experience and Aesthetic Recovery in Theodor Adorno and Hans Urs Von Balthasar." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1501088676099751.

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22

Coetzee, Ernst. "Towards a holistic ministry to the Kwe San communities in the Tsumkwe constituency in Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1005.

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Thesis (M.Div. (Practical Theology and Missiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Identity refers to the beliefs and values, the lifestyles, character, style and history of a congregation. A person has an identity, so a congregation develops an identity which is in a very close association with its members, their circumstances and history. The Kwe San and their unique history and circumstances have contributed to their current identity. This identity also determines the way in which the ministerial praxis is tailored for a specific congregation and community. The Kwe San’s current context has a practical theological response which is contextually based. Their traditional free-roaming abilities have been limited by the Tsumkwe Constituency, a prior homeland. The various original social organizations which form an integral part of the Kwe San’s life within their System Two, forms an integral part of their current life. These aspects need to be taken into consideration when formulating a congregation’s ministerial praxis. Within this community the practicality of theological ecclesiology has become important. This is due to the change in context of the Kwe San. To have a better understanding of the present ministerial praxis I have incorporated the Gestalt theory principles which help us to address the current situation and also the System Theory, in order to understand the current contextual nature of the Kwe San people. Any form of a holistic ministerial approach requires that we understand the interdependence of people and nature. It also emphasizes the fact that we are all connected to one another and that the church needs to raise to the occasion and play its part within each segment of the community. It needs to be an active participant within different interdependent or interrelated parts within the society in which we interact with one another, interact with nature and interact with God.

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23

Léon, Benjamin. "Les plasticités du cadre : Andy Warhol et le cinéma expérimental américain." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA084.

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En tant que préalable à l’appréciation d’une forme, le cadre demeure une question centrale en esthétique de l’image. Où débute une forme, où s’achève-t-elle ? Si le cadre délimite l’image en y circonscrivant un espace au regard, il peut jouer de ses plasticités et renverser ce présupposé en son contraire : la tendance all-over de l’expressionnisme abstrait montre bien des exemples où le cadre se défait dans une ouverture qui rend l’espace à son indétermination, fut-elle fixée à l’avant de notre regard. Le point de départ de cette recherche vient du concept établi par Meyer Schapiro du cadre comme « véhicule matériel » où il y fait distinction entre l’image-objet (absence de limites de surface et visibilité du support) et l’image-signe (limite de surface liée à la représentation). Faisant état de cette différence fondamentale, nous proposons un travail interdisciplinaire – le cinéma expérimental et sa relation avec les autres arts – où l’œuvre d’Andy Warhol servira de fil conducteur. A partir d’une première occurrence appelée cadre-surface, il semble important de revenir sur certains malentendus concernant le Pop art tant sur le plan historique, philosophique, qu’esthétique en proposant le concept de « ready-made illusionniste ». Dans un deuxième temps, le cadre-perception sera l’occasion d’affiner notre travail en revenant sur la position du spectateur face aux images à travers le concept de « Pensée visuelle » développé par Rudolf Arnheim. On verra de quelle façon le cinéma expérimental à tendance structurelle et matérialiste (Michael Snow, Paul Sharits, Peter Gidal) se nourrit de la relation figure-fond établit par la psychologie de la forme (gestalt). Par là, comment le film ouvre aux possibles phénoménologiques d’un autre rapport à l’image ? Enfin, la dernière partie situera le cadre à sa propre destitution physique dans un chemin qui va du cadre-écran au cadre-performance. Devant cette typologie quelque peu taxinomique, nous souhaitons moins y penser un cloisonnement entre les différents types de cadre qu’y trouver force circulaire afin de répondre à l’hypothèse suivante : en quoi la matérialité des premiers films de Warhol nous engage progressivement dans une réflexion ambiguë parce qu’ambivalente autour d’une image spectrale et dématérialisée ?
As a prerequisite to the assessment of a form, the framework remains a central issue in the aesthetics of the image. Where does a form begin, where does it end? If the frame defines the image circumscribing there a space for the eye to see, it can play of its plasticity and overturn this assumption into its opposite: the all-over pattern of abstract expressionism shows examples where the frame opens up to an undetermined space, whether it might have been fixed or not before we set eyes on it. The starting point for this research comes from the concept established by Meyer Schapiro of the frame as a "material vehicle" where he makes a distinction between the image-object (no surface boundaries and visibility of support) and the image-sign (surface boundary associated with the representation). Stating this fundamental difference, we propose an interdisciplinary work - experimental cinema and its relationship to the other arts - where Andy Warhol’s work will serve as a guideline. From a first occurrence called frame-surface, it seems important to revisit some misunderstandings about Pop art, historically, philosophically, and aesthetically, by proposing the concept of "ready-made illusionist". Secondly, the frame-perception will be an opportunity to refine our work by returning to the position of the viewer facing images through the concept of "visual thinking" developed by Rudolf Arnheim. We'll see how experimental film with structural and materialistic tendency (Michael Snow, Paul Sharits, Peter Gidal) feeds on the figre-ground organization established by the psychology of form (Gestalt). Then, how does the film open to the phenomenological possibilities of another connection to the image? The last part will place the frame over its own physical removal on a path that goes from frame-screen to frame-performance. Given this typology somewhat taxonomic, we wish to think of it less as a division between different types of frame than to find circular strength in it, in order to meet the following hypothesis: how does the materiality of early Warhol films progressively engage us in an ambiguous, since ambivalent, reflection around a spectral and dematerialized image?

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Van, der Westhuizen Saryna Michau. "Kinders van plaaswerkers in die Oudtshoorn distrik se belewenis van alkoholmisbruik in hul primêre gesinne / van der Westhuizen, S.M." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7594.

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Alkoholmisbruik is tans n sosiale kwessie in Suid–Afrika, asook in die res van die wêreld. Die kind in sy middelkinderjare lewensfase se belewenis van sy alkoholmisbruik–gesin kom in verskillende ontwikkelingsterreine na vore, in sy daaglikse interaksie met sy gesin asook in sy wyer skakeling . Alhoewel hy homself gedurende hierdie fase in n losmakingsproses om onafhanklikheid bevind, bly sy gesin steeds vir hom n bron van sekuriteit, hulp en ondersteuning. Vir die navorsingsmetodologie is die proses in tabelformaat weergegee met behulp van n onderverdeling in vier fases. Tydens die eerste fase, die aanvanklike beplanning en probleem–formulering, het hoofsaaklik drie aspekte aandag geniet, naamlik die navorsingsonderwerp, probleem–formulering en die doel met die nodige doelwitte. Die doel van die kwalitatiewe studie wat vanuit die probleem–formulering voortgespruit het, was om plattelandse kinders in die middelkinderjare se belewenis van alkoholmisbruik in hul gesinne waarvan hul deel vorm, te beskryf. Tydens die formele beplanning in die tweede fase is die inligting deur middel van triangulering ingesamel en is op die navorsingsbenadering en –strategieë gefokus. Vanuit verskillende bronne is inligting verken om die plattelandse kind in die middelkinderjare lewensfase wat deel vorm van die alkoholmisbruik–gesin se belewenisse, te beskryf. n Literatuurstudie het die samestelling en uiteensetting moontlik gemaak vir n profielstudie vanuit n paradigmatiese perspektief van die kind. In die derde fase is aandag gegee aan die empiriese ondersoek waartydens triangulering praktykgerig voortgesit is met behulp van sinsvoltooing met vyf kinderrespondente, voltooiing van n selfontwerpte vraelys wat opgevolg is met semi–gestruktureerde onderhoude met vyf ouers en vyf onderwysers. Gedurende die vierde fase het die interpretering en integrering van die bevindinge gerealiseer. Die gevolgtrekkings waartoe gekom is, is veral geleë in die leemte op nasionale vlak en op die platteland ten opsigte van spesifiek die kind se belewenis van sy alkoholmisbruik–gesin asook sy omgewing. Dit het ook duidelik geword dat daar aandag gegee moet word aan alkoholmisbruik as verskynsel en die alkoholmisbruikte–huweliksverhouding en dat onkunde bestaan ten opsigte van ouerskap en die belewenis van die kind as betrokkene by sy alkoholmisbruik–gesin. Om hierdie redes word aanbeveel dat daar gefokus moet word op die kind se proses, maar ook dat ouers, onderwysers en maatskaplike werkers wat deel vorm van die ondersteuningsnetwerk vir hierdie kinders, die nodige kennis en insig deur middel van opleidingsprogramme behoort te ontvang.
Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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Meinhardt, Llopis Enric. "Morphological and statistical techniques for the analysis of 3D images." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/22719.

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Aquesta tesi proposa una estructura de dades per emmagatzemar imatges tridimensionals. L'estructura da dades té forma d'arbre i codifica les components connexes dels conjunts de nivell de la imatge. Aquesta estructura és la eina bàsica per moltes aplicacions proposades: operadors morfològics tridimensionals, visualització d'imatges mèdiques, anàlisi d'histogrames de color, seguiment d'objectes en vídeo i detecció de vores. Motivada pel problema de la completació de vores, la tesi conté un estudi de com l'eliminació de soroll mitjançant variació total anisòtropa es pot fer servir per calcular conjunts de Cheeger en mètriques anisòtropes. Aquests conjunts de Cheeger anisòtrops es poden utilitzar per trobar òptims globals d'alguns funcionals per completar vores. També estan relacionats amb certs invariants afins que s'utilitzen en reconeixement d'objectes, i en la tesi s'explicita aquesta relació.
This thesis proposes a tree data structure to encode the connected components of level sets of 3D images. This data structure is applied as a main tool in several proposed applications: 3D morphological operators, medical image visualization, analysis of color histograms, object tracking in videos and edge detection. Motivated by the problem of edge linking, the thesis contains also an study of anisotropic total variation denoising as a tool for computing anisotropic Cheeger sets. These anisotropic Cheeger sets can be used to find global optima of a class of edge linking functionals. They are also related to some affine invariant descriptors which are used in object recognition, and this relationship is laid out explicitly.

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Kuzlu, Emre. "On The Concept Of." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604996/index.pdf.

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This study aims at explaining the significance of the &ldquo
field&rdquo
concept in contemporary architecture and urbanism, in reference to the technical definitions of the term in different disciplines. In this context, it investigates the concepts of &ldquo
field&rdquo
in physics, psychology, art theory and criticism. It highlights the reinterpretation of the &ldquo
field&rdquo
concept in physics by eminent Gestalt psychologists, and its consequences for architecture and urbanism. Starting from the definitions of the concept of &ldquo
field&rdquo
by Kurt Koffka and Kurt Lewin, and from the Gestalt Theory that constitutes the basis of these definitions, it brings into discussion a group of related notions that have been employed in art and architectural theory and criticism: &ldquo
psychophysical field,&rdquo
&ldquo
psychological life space,&rdquo
&ldquo
figure-ground,&rdquo
&ldquo
figure-field,&rdquo
and &ldquo
field-field.&rdquo

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Coutinho, Mariana Quintas de Azevedo. "O cartaz e o swiss style. Compromissos entre psicologia da forma e o design de comunicação." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitectura de Lisboa, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3341.

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Tese de Mestrado em Design de Comunicação
O estudo em vista irá incidir na área disciplinar do Design de Comunicação, mais concretamente, sobre o design gráfico. O primeiro, enquanto disciplina auxiliar na construção de mensagens, busca incessantemente diferentes formas de transmitir ideias a um público, seguindo, para tal, processos variados, inerentes à personalidade dos designers envolvidos no projecto. Contudo, apesar das suas variações e diferenças, os processos poder-se-ão essencialmente considerar subdivididos em duas etapas fundamentais: a primeira onde se dá o desenvolvimento e definição da ideia que se deseja transmitir, possuindo cariz conceptual; a segunda, de vertente prática constitui o território onde se dá a materialização da ideia. Ambas as etapas necessitam de métodos, mais ou menos universais ou flexíveis, a fim de garantir qualidade no resultado final. Porém, será a preocupação com o modo como a segunda etapa etapa referida condiciona o mesmo resultado que cosntitui uma das questões do nosso estudo, ou seja, a de melhor compreender a fase de execução do processo criativo. Um dos objectivos do presente estudo será resolver esta questão, contribuindo para isolar um conjunto de parâmetros que sirva para analisar metodicamente as soluções contempladas pelo Design na sua vertente de eficácia na comunicação de mensagens em cartazes. Adoptando a perspectiva de que a fase de execução do processo criativo requer um conhecimento prévio da reacção do público a determinadas formas e composições visuais, recorreu-se aos princípios da psicologia da forma para criar o atrás referido conjunto de parâmetros de análise. Assim, defeniu-se uma estrutura focando os seguintes tópicos: planos constituintes (figura-fundo); distribuição, organização e gestão de pesos visuais; orientação do olhar e forças perceptivas. Através da observação directa de casos de estudo, numa avaliação sistemática, tentaram-se extrapolar conclusões práticas. Os casos de estudo referidos pertencem exclusivamente ao Swiss Style, os quais, por se limitarem a utilizar apenas o "essencial" para comunicar uma ideia, nos permitiram uma análise de carácter, mais simples ou evidente. Nesta investigação, procurou-se, ainda, encontrar alguns pontos comuns entre a psicologia da forma e o Swiss Style. Os resultados do estudo desenvolvido poderão contribuir para apontar caminhos a alunos e profissionais na área do design gráfico, a fim de melhor desenvolverem os seus projectos com confiança nos momentos de decisão inerentes ao processo criativo.
This study verses on the disciplinary context of communication design, with a special interest on graphic design. The first, as an auxiliary discipline to the correct construction of messages, seeks to find new forms of communicating ideas to an audience through diffrent processes, related to the characters of the involved designers. However, despite their differences and variations, these processes can be essentially subdivided into two different stages: the first one, conceptual, is where the early developments and the definition of the idea occur; the second one, with a practical feature, is the territory where the materialization of the concept takes place. The above referred stages need more or less universal or flexible methods to guarantee quality in the final result. Nevertheless, one of the issues that is at the origin of this investigation is the concern with the way the secon stage determines the result, that is better understand the execution phase of the creative process. One of the aims of the present study will be to solve the question, contributing to isolate solutions used in the design activity, in its efficient communication of messages through the elaboration of posters. Through the adoption of a point of view based on the execution stage inherent to the creative process that requires a previous knowledge of audience's reaction to certain forms and visual compositional styles, the study used the principles of the gestalt theory to create the above referred set of analytical parameters. A structure was defined to organize the study, following some topics, such as: compositional planes (figure-ground); visual distribution, organization and weight management; eye orientation; and perpetual forces or tensions. The direct observation of examples and the effort to assess them systematically led to the extrapolation of some practical conclusions. The case studied belonged exclusively to Swiss Style. Using merely the "essential" to communicate an idea, they allowed us a simpler and more obvious analytical evaluation. In this investigation, there was some preocupation with establishing some common aspects between gestalt theory and Swiss Style. Results provided by this study will eventually contribute to show both to students and professionals, different decision moments intrinsic to the creative process.

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Lucas, Isabel Jesus Basilio. "A Land Art como recurso pedagógico: a Land Art como recurso pedagógico para que os alunos adquiram competências a nível da gramática visual." Master's thesis, Escola Superior de Educação, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/6131.

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Judd, Annemarie M. F., and n/a. "A comparison of humanistic and traditional teaching methods in a college of technical and further education." University of Canberra. Education, 1987. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060804.122004.

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This field study examines the comparative effectiveness of traditional and humanistic teaching methods. In part I the origins of humanistic teaching and their relationship to Gestalt therapy are considered. The influence of Humanistic education adult learning theory is also discussed. Part I concludes with an assessment of humanistic teaching. Part II: To measure the comparative effectiveness of the humanistic and traditional teaching methods, three groups of first year students in General English classess in a College of Technical and Further Education were selected. The effectiveness was measured in terms of differences in 1. Self-esteem. 2. Spelling Ability. 3. Attrition rates. 4 Academic Results. It can be concluded that there is: No difference in measures of self-esteem between groups, on the basis of the teaching method used. A large increase in the measure of self-esteem was observed in one of the groups that was taught with humanistic teaching strategies. Spelling measures showed no significant changes in any of the groups. Attrition rates were significantly reduced in groups that received humanistic teaching. Academic results of students completing the course showed no significant differences.

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Fourie, Lianca. "Guidelines for outreach programmes aimed at middle–childhood children in a resource–poor Western Cape community / Fourie, L." Thesis, North-West University, 2011.

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In South Africa there are great polarities in terms of needs in resource–poor communities versus communities with available resources. This is evident during visits to Sir Lowry's Pass Village and when available statistics on trends in the community are taken into account. A potentially valuable resource in resource–poor communities is outreach programmes by a faith–based organisation (FBO) such as Jabulani Africa Ministries (JAM). JAM is a Christian FBO with a strong community focus. This study focuses on the resource–poor community of Sir Lowry's Pass Village, situated in the Helderberg Basin in the Western Cape. Sir Lowry's Pass Village is just one of a few resource–poor communities to whom JAM reaches out on a weekly basis since through their outreach programme aimed at middle–childhood children. The aim of this study was to explore and describe the content of this outreach programme of JAM in Sir Lowry's Pass Village aimed at middle–childhood children in order to provide guidelines to more specifically target the needs of the particular group of children. Data were collected from various sources according to principles of participatory action research. Data were organised through thematic data analysis to identify themes. Two core themes emerged; one theme is a mutual lack of understanding of the broader field by JAM members and the target of their interventions, middle–childhood children. The other theme centred on the moral value system of the particular group of children. The central theoretical argument of this study is that outreach programmes by faith–based organisations (such as JAM) in resource–poor communities should be directed as effectively as possible to meet the needs of middle–childhood children.
http://hdl.handle.net//10394/7006
Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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Perlina, Anna. "Shaping the field." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17672.

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Die vorliegende wissenschaftliche Arbeit rekonstruiert die Entwicklung der deutschen Psychologie zwischen der Eröffnung des ersten psychologischen Labors in 1879 und der Gleichschaltung durch das Nazi-Regime in den 1930er Jahren. Die Dissertation stellt den konzeptuellen und methodologischen Rahmen der psychologischen Disziplin anhand von drei Generationen von Pionierforschung dar. Hierbei wird herausgearbeitet, wie sich die frühe experimentelle Psychologie einen eigenen Platz zwischen den Natur- und Geisteswissenschaften kreiert. Die gestaltpsychologische Schule spielt darin eine entscheidende Rolle. Der zentrale Fokus der Arbeit liegt in der historischen Periode zwischen 1922 und 1936, über welche sich Kurt Lewins Untersuchungen zur Handlungs- und Affektpsychologie erstrecken. In dieser deutschen Schaffensperiode wurden der theoretische und methodologische Rahmen, sowie praktische experimentelle Designs erschaffen, welche die amerikanische Arbeit Lewins entscheidend prägten. Der Aufbau von Lewins berühmter Feldtheorie wird im Detail rekonstruiert. Die Dissertation zeigt auf, wie Lewin originelle psychologische Konzepte aus interdisziplinärer Erfahrung formte, und wie experimentelle Praktiken der Zeit die Entstehung eines immer komplexer werdenden Konzeptgerüstes herbeiführten. Anschließend wird die Bedeutung des Gestalt-Lewin-Falles für die Psychologiegeschichte erörtert. In die langfristige Wissenschaftsgeschichte ist Lewins Arbeit nicht etwa als gebündeltes Forschungsgebiet eingegangen. Stattdessen ist sie in so unterschiedliche Bereiche wie Entwicklungs- und Persönlichkeitspsychologie, Soziologie und Wirtschaftsmanagement eingeflossen und hat diese geprägt.
This dissertation represents a historical reconstruction of the development and transformation of German experimental psychology between the emergence of the first experimental laboratory in 1879 and its Gleichschaltung by the Nazi regime in the 1930s. It traces the evolution of the conceptual as well as the experimental framework of psychology over the course of these years following three generations of experimental research. Hereby, the work attempts to grasp how early experimental psychology negotiated its place between the humanities and the natural sciences. The project’s major focus lies in the period between 1922 and 1936, in which Kurt Lewin’s Berlin Experimental Program on Action and Emotions took place. The work specifically investigates the process of constitution of Lewin’s field theory, a system of concepts coined by Lewin in order to study psychological processes underlying human conduct. The dissertation shows how Lewin’s concepts emerged out of interdisciplinary sources, and how experimental practices in psychology triggered the emergence of new knowledge. Eventually, it is shown how the investigated historical case of Gestalt psychology in Berlin fits into and plays a decisive role in the long-term development of experimental psychology.

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Kesting, Peter. "Handlungsalternativen : eine Untersuchung über die Gestalt und Gestaltung ökonomischer Entscheidungsprobleme /." Marburg : Metropolis-Verl, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/370244656.pdf.

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Dinkel, Christoph. "Kirche gestalten : Schleiermachers Theorie des Kirchenregiments /." Berlin ; New York : W. de Gruyter, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366874011.

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Kaufman, Samantha. "Investigating adolescents' experiences of using Mxit as a source of peer–support during grade 12 / Kaufman S." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7365.

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The aim of this study is to explore and describe late adolescents' experiences of using Mxit as a source of peer–support during their Grade 12 year in order to provide a broader and more realistic understanding of their support preferences and needs. The classic text of Gestalt Therapy theory in conjunction with current literature provided an overview of the theoretical underpinnings of this study, including the key tenets of Gestalt theory, the core Gestalt theoretical assumptions, Mxit as a social networking application, peer–support and late adolescence. A qualitative research approach with an instrumental case study of eight Grade 12 learners from one public high school in the Northern suburbs of Johannesburg was implemented. The research findings indicated that the affordability, accessibility and non–threatening nature of using Mxit as a source of peer–support made it a viable resource during stressful periods. Although face–to–face peer–support was preferred owing to the limited existential dialogue and lack of trust that was experienced while communicating over Mxit, the adolescents perceived a need for the development of peer–support groups and one–on–one counselling over Mxit as a result of the lack of supportive others experienced during Grade 12 that frequently led to depressive symptoms and/or suicidal thoughts.
Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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Andersson, Greger. "Brott och ideologi : -hur gestaltas brottslingar och hur förklaras kriminalitet ihögstadiets läroböcker i samhällskunskap?" Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för utbildningsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34251.

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This study aims at analyzing the content of high school textbooks in social sciences, more specifically the field of law and order, and comparing this with the current research situation in the field. Another purpose is to investigate whether the new type of serious gang crime, which in particular has grown in various immigrant suburbs, adjacent to our largest cities, as reported in the media in recent years, has also looked into the textbooks. The essay uses a constructivist theory formation. The constructivist theory considers that different actors, based on their ideological positions, create different descriptions of current social phenomena, descriptions aimed at influencing the recipient to incorporate specific perceptions of reality and values. In this context, the teaching materials become a political product that is not so much about describing a social phenomenon as complex and objective as possible a complex, but, above all, it will be understood as the attempt of the various parties to convey their specific interpretations and interests of the phenomenon. The survey shows that all analyzing textbooks directly or indirectly highlight the men and adolescents group, and to some extent also people in an exposed psychosocial position that overrepresented in a criminal context. In cases where textbooks address statements about people committing crimes, socio-economic and psychosocial vulnerabilities are mentioned, as well as explanations of the social plane in terms of control and casualty structures. In this regard, textbooks fail to report a broad and current research on the mechanisms of crime. None of the textbooks deal with the new crime that has emerged in different socially vulnerable areas to our metropolitan areas, believing that this has gained a lot of space in the media and that the syllabuses in social sciences emphasize that the subject will highlight current social phenomena. All books consistently choose to not treat people it with a foreign background's overrepresentation in a criminal context. Nor should it be noted that some people have a biological vulnerability in committing crimes, for example, that individuals with ADHD diagnosis are heavily overrepresented in crime statistics.

Godkännane datum: 2018-05-31

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Orneklint, Sanna. "Den polariserande politikern : En kvalitativ studie av hur Boris Johnson gestaltas i svensk och brittisk press." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-91355.

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The aim of this bachelors thesis has been to examine and analyse the framing used when reporting about Boris Johnson in context with Brexit in both Swedish and British media coverage. The research questions examined in this study were: In what way is Boris Johnson framed in British and Swedish media coverage surrounding Brexit in his first three weeks as prime minister? What could explain the possible differences that occurs between the Swedish and British media coverage? I have in combination with a qualitative text analysis as well as framing theory and news valuation theory analysed material from four major news papers. Two news papers from Sweden, Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet. As well as two from Great Britain, The Guardian UK and The Sun UK. One of each county’s news paper focuses on qualitative and objective journalism and one from each country which can be regarded as a tabloid, evening paper, from these four news papers a total of 12 articles, three from each paper was selected. To arrive at my conclusion every article was analysed trough what frame, conflict, personification or elite person, Boris Johnson was portrayed as well as if the frames felt clear, subtle or well as if any frame could not be found in the text. Through the analysis I found the result to be that every article had personified Boris Johnson with Brexit, even if the article did not directly have a focus on the Brexit conflict. The personification is a constant backgrung trough every individual article. Secondly I found that the frames through which the newspapers portrayed conflict differed, depending from which country the news paper reported from. The Swedish news papers portrayed conflict through a broader perspective, having a stronger focus on Brexit as a concept whilst the British newspaper framed conflict in a much more detailed way. Focusing on more detailed topics with higher interest for the british population.

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Neves, Evelina Maria de Almeida. "Estratégia atencional para busca visual e reconhecimento invariante de objetos baseada na integração de características bottom-up e top-down." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-14032014-103419/.

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Uma das tarefas básicas dos mecanismos atencionais é decidir qual a localização dentro do campo visual, em que devemos prestar atenção primeiro. Um objeto que contenha características distintas, tais como orientação, forma, cor, tamanho, brilho, textura, etc. diferentes, pode atrair a atenção de uma maneira \"bottom-up\". A informação \"top-down\" baseia-se no conhecimento prévio e tem uma grande influência nas localizações atendidas. Inspirado nos mecanismos da Atenção Visual Humana, embora sem a pretensão de simulá-la, este trabalho prevê o desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia que integra os dois tipos de informações: \"bottom-up\" e \"top-down\". Características \"bottom-up\" são geradas a partir de Momentos e essas informações são utilizadas em mapas de saliência, enquanto que um conhecimento prévio é utilizado para gerar pistas \"top-down\". Neste trabalho, desenvolveu-se uma metodologia específica para a busca e o reconhecimento visual em cenas com múltiplos objetos, utilizando para isso uma rede \"fuzzy\" contendo três subsistemas \"fuzzy\". Dada uma imagem de entrada, o objetivo consiste em se detectar regiões que possam conter informações mais significativas, a fim de que se possa guiar e restringir processamentos mais complexos. A inclusão de mecanismos de atenção (seleção de uma região de interesse dentro da imagem) é de fundamental importância pois os resultados obtidos pelo método podem ser usados para controlar a aquisição da imagem de uma maneira dinâmica. O modelo proposto está estruturado em três estágios principais: O primeiro estágio consiste em se segmentar os objetos e extrair características globais dos mesmos baseadas principalmente na teoria dos momentos, tais como tamanho, orientação, formato e distância e também média de nível de cinza. Por intermédio da comparação de um objeto com os outros presentes na cena, características \"bottom-up\" de conspicuidade são usadas para guiar a atenção ao objeto mais diferente. Por intermédio do uso da lógica \"fuzzy\" é possível inferir com grande flexibilidade algumas regras de decisão baseadas nos princípios de percepção visual tais como as leis Gestalt. O segundo estágio consiste de um subsistema \"fuzzy top-down\" que combina diferentes características de acordo com a relevância das mesmas em diferentes tarefas. Finalmente, o terceiro estágio consiste de um subsistema \"fuzzy\" que integra as informações obtidas dos subsistemas anteriores e fornece um índice geral de saliência, e indica a provável localização do objeto a ser reconhecido. A nova abordagem foi testada com objetos geométricos levando-se em consideração as características que atraem a atenção dos serem humanos
One of the basic tasks assigned to the human attentional mechanisms is to decide which location in the visual field we must pay attention first. An object containing distinctive features (such as different orientation, shape, color, size, shine, texture, etc.) can attract attention in a bottom-up way. Top-down information is based on the previous knowledge and has a large influence on the attended locations. Inspired on human visual attention mechanisms, although it doesn\'t want simulate it, this work presents a new methodology to integrate two different kind of information: bottom-up and top-down. Bottom-up features are obtained from Moment Theory and this information is used in salience maps, while a previous knowledge is used to create top-down hints. In this work, an specific methodology to visual search and recognition was developed to be applied to scenes containing multiple objects by a fuzzy net with three fuzzy subsystems. The aim of this methodology is to detect regions that may contain the most significant information, in order to guide and to restrict most complex processing. The inclusion of attentional mechanisms (the selection of a region of interest in the image) is fundamental and can be used to control the image acquisition in a dynamic way. The proposed model is structured in three main stages. The first stage segments the objects and extracts global features of them, based on the Moment Theory such as size, orientation, shape and distance and gray level average. By comparing one object with the other ones present in the scene, bottom-up features of conspicuity are used to guide the attention to the most different object. The Fuzzy Logic allows us to infer with great flexibility some of decision rules based on the visual perception principles such as the Gestalt Laws. The second stage is a top-down fuzzy subsystem that combines different features according to the relevance of them in different tasks. Finally, the third stage is a fuzzy subsystem that integrates the information obtained from the previous sub-systems and gives us a general salience index. The new methodology was tested in geometrical objects considering the feature that attracts attention to human beings

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Fernström, Linnéa, and Aureliusson Erika Thunberg. "Iskalla maffiasvek : En kvantitativ innehållsanalys om hur organiserad brottslighet gestaltas i svensk nyhetsmedia." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71410.

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Brott är generellt sett ett område som motsvarar många kriterier för nyhetsvärdering inom journalistiken och ämnet lockar till läsning. När media rapporterar om olika händelser i världen får därför framförallt våldsbrott mycket publicitet. Det finns tidigare forskning som visar att medias frekventa rapportering om brott skapar en obefogad rädsla hos befolkningen. Mycket forskning kring brott i media finns både nationellt och internationellt, men denna studie fokuserar på en viss typ av brottslighets plats i media som inte alls är lika utforskat, nämligen organiserad brottslighet. Vi tittar på hur den organiserade brottsligheten gestaltas i svensk nyhetsmedia, vilka skillnader det finns i rapporteringen av denna typ av brott i jämförelse med annan kriminalitet, samt om rapporteringen i morgonpress och kvällspress skiljer sig från varandra. Undersökningen gjordes genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys på 200 artiklar. Hälften av dessa var publicerade i Dagens Nyheter och Svenska Dagbladet som representerar morgonpress medan den andra hälften hämtats från Aftonbladet och Expressen som i undersökningen representerar kvällspress. Artiklarna är också uppdelade där 100 stycken behandlar organiserad brottslighet och de resterande 100 annan typ av kriminalitet. Undersökningen visade att rapporteringen om de olika typerna av brott skiljer sig. Organiserad brottslighet får mer fysisk plats i tidningarna då de i fler fall finns med bilder. Denna typ av kriminalitet framställs som ett större hot/risk än annan brottslighet, händelser gestaltas mer förstorat, och bilderna i dessa artiklar förstärker ofta en hotfull känsla. Organiserad brottslighet gestaltas som farligare än annan brottslighet. Vi såg utöver detta också skillnader i de olika typerna av press. Kvällspress skriver på ett mer förstorat sätt om organiserad brottslighet än vad morgonpress gör, vilket i denna studie innebär att de använder fler ord som endast finns där i syfte att förstärka olika känslor. Kvällspress använder sig också mer av bilder för att befästa de känslorna artikeln ska förmedla. Med stöd av dagordningsteorin, nyhetsvärdering och nyhetsurval, gestaltningsteorin samt kriminaljournalistik har vi utefter våra resultat analyserat och diskuterat vår forskningsfråga. Vi förstår varför organiserad brottslighet får mycket plats då den uppfyller kriterier för att skapa mediedramaturgi, men anser att det kan vara problematiskt då media med hjälp av sin gestaltning kan skapa en obefogad oro och rädsla bland publiken. Detta påverkar inte bara individen utan även samhället i stort eftersom människors bild av den kriminella världen kanske inte stämmer överens med verkligheten. Eftersom detta kan ge effekt på hela samhället anser vi att studien är relevant för makthavare i landet och Polismyndigheten. Under denna studie har det framgått att forskning om organiserad brottslighet är begränsad. Det finns dåligt med statistik och fakta om denna typ av brott och vi ser gärna att man i framtiden forskar vidare i fältet. Som påbyggnad av detta finns det inte heller mycket forskning att hitta om organiserad brottslighet i förhållande till media. Detta saknas framförallt i svensk forskning och vi skulle gärna se framtida svenska forskare fördjupa sig mer i detta område, till exempel genom en liknande studie, med ett större empiriskt material, för att få en ännu bättre bild av gestaltningen av organiserad brottslighet i media.
Crime is an area that meets the requirements for being highly valued as a news topic and is often something that attracts the readers. When media is reporting about what’s going on in the world is especially violent crimes getting much publicity. Previous research shows that medias frequent way to report about crimes creates an uncalled-for fear among the population. There is a lot of national and international research about crime in media, but this study will focus on a special type of crime and the place it has in media, namely organized crime. We look at how organized crime is portrayed in Swedish news media, which differences it is compared to other crimes, and also if morning press and tabloid press reports in different ways and in that case how. The study was done by a quantitative content analysis on 200 articles. Half of these were published in Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet which is morning press while the other half is from Aftonbladet and Expressen which represents the tabloid press. The articles is also divided in to 100 articles about organized crimes and the remaining 100 about other crimes. The study shows that the reporting about the two types of crimes has differences. Organized crime gets more physical space in the papers due to the fact that these crimes more often has pictures in the articles. This type of crime is portrayed like a bigger threat and risk compared to other crimes, it is often written in a magnified way and the pictures is used to increase the sense of threat/risk. Organized crime is portrayed as much more dangerous than other crimes. We also saw differences in the two types of newspaper. Tabloid press is writing in a more magnified way than morning press, which in this study means that they more often use words that is only there in the purpose of increasing the sense of threat. Tabloid press is also using more pictures to fortify the feeling that the article is supposed to mediate. With the support of the agenda setting theory, valuation and selection of news, framing theory and court journalism did we along our results analyze and discuss the research question. We understand why organized crime is getting as much publicity as it does, due to the fact that it fulfills the criterias to create media dramaturgi, but we also see it as a problem as media with its portraying can create an uncalled-for fear and concern among the crowd. It does not just affect the person but also the society since the image of the criminal world that people has disagree with the reality. Since this can affect the entire society we mean that this study is relevant for rulers of the country and the police. During the study has it been stated that research about organized crime is limited. There is not much statistics and facts about this type of crime, so we would like to see more research in this field overall. Build up on this there is not much research to find about organized crime in relation to media either. Above all it is the swedish research that’s lacking in this field and we would like to see future swedish researchers immerse themselves into this field. For example, through a study like this, but with a bigger empirical data, to get a better understanding of the relationship between organized crime and media.

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Vikingsson, Amanda. "Vem kallar du för ´klimatflykting´? : En studie över hur svenska dagstidningar gestaltar klimatflyktingar." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för miljö- och livsvetenskaper (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-71907.

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Medeltemperaturen på jorden har höjts med 1 grad sedan förindustriell tid. Effekterna av denna temperaturhöjning visar sig i form av förhöjda havsnivåer, smältande havsis i Arktis och extrema väderförhållanden. Inom internationell politik är det numera erkänt att migration är och förblir den i särklass största effekten av klimatförändringarna. Termen ’klimatflyktingar’ används som gemensam benämning för människor som tvingas fly sina hem på grund av klimatförändringar. Studien ämnar undersöka hur klimatflyktingar gestaltas i svenska dagstidningar efter klimatmötet i Paris 2015. Studien syftar vidare till att belysa vilka maktförhållanden som existerar i kontexten kring denna term. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys används för att analysera artiklar från ett antal utvalda svenska dagstidningar. Ett teoretiskt ramverk bestående av gestaltningsteori och politisk ekologi hjälper till att tolka de sju teman som analysen resulterat i. Resultatet visar att klimatflyktingar avhumaniseras och förstås som en negativ effekt av klimatförändringarna. De som rymmer under termen vill dock inte associeras med den. I Sverige finns en tydlig tendens till förnekelse inför de problem som världen idag står inför till följd av den globala uppvärmningen. Samtidigt råder en stark tilltro till ekologisk modernisering. Röster inom internationell politik vill erkänna klimatflyktingar i internationell lag. Inget större agerande görs dock för att hjälpa människor som dagligen förlorar sina hem till kusterosion, förstörda jordbruksmarker eller översvämningar.
The mean global temperatures have been rising with one degree since pre-industrial time. Effects is shown in the world today in terms of sea level rising, loss of sea ice in Artic and extreme weather conditions. International politics now states that migration is the single biggest effect caused by climate change. The term ‘climate refugees’ is used as a definition of humans forced to flee their homes due to climate change. The purpose of the thesis is to show how the Swedish daily newspapers frame climate refugees after the climate conference in Paris in 2015. The purpose is more over to highlight existing power relations in this context. A qualitative content analysis is used on articles chosen from a number of Swedish daily papers. Political ecology and framing theory construct a theoretical framework, which helps to understand the themes which occurred in the analysis. The result shows a dehumanization of climate refugees. Climate refugees is highlighted as a negative effect of climate change. However, the term is rejected by people associated with it. In Sweden, there is a sense of denial to the problems caused around the world due to climate change. Faith is placed into ecological modernization. Voices in international politics states the urge to acknowledge the definition of ‘climate refugees’ in to international law. Not much help is offered to people who have lost their home to coastal erosion, flooding or destroyed lands.

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Kvarnström, Charlotte. "Digitalt kompetent? : En studie kring hur bildlärare resonerar kring, och arbetar med, elevers digitala kompetens i bildklassrummet, samt hur elever kan definiera och gestalta digital kompetens." Thesis, Konstfack, IBIS - Institutionen för bild- och slöjdpedagogik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6476.

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Vi lever i ett allt mer digitaliserat samhälle, och digitala verktyg är en naturlig del av människors vardag. Skolverket har inför hösten 2018 ändrat i styrdokumenten för grundskole-, gymnasie- och vuxenutbildningen för att ge elever en större digital kompetens att kunna hantera den nya digitaliseringen. Med anledning av detta har jag velat ta reda på hur bildlärare idag resonerar kring och arbetar med elevernas digitala kompetens. Jag har även velat undersöka elevernas syn på digital kompetens. Frågeställningarna studien sökt svar på är: Hur resonerar fyra olika bildlärare om, och hur arbetar de med, gymnasieelevers digitala kompetens i ämnet bild? Hur kan en grupp gymnasieelever definiera och gestalta digital kompetens? För att få svar på dessa frågeställningar har intervjuer genomförts med fyra olika bildlärare på fyra olika skolor i Stockholmsområdet, och för att fånga elevernas perspektiv har mina egna elever på gymnasiet fått vara med och undersöka genom scenisk gestaltning vad de anser att digital kompetens är för dem och hur de definierar det. De teorier studien lutar sig på innefattar sociokulturell teori och design för lärande. Jag har också inspirerats av Pierre Bourdieus kapitalsteori. Studien visade att lärarna arbetar på olika sätt med elevernas digitala kompetens. De har själva olika grad av kunskaper inom det digitala, och alla lärarna i studien ville gärna kompetensutveckla sig på området. Elevernas kunskaper på området varierade också, men det framgick ett mönster som visade att elever idag är mindre kunniga gällande datorer än tidigare, vilket kunde bero på att de nu alltmer arbetar på telefoner och surfplattor. Det framkom också att det fanns ett visst mått av motstånd till att arbeta digitalt på bildlektionerna, både från lärarhåll och från elevhåll, och att förväntningarna från eleverna ofta låg på att få arbeta analogt med händerna. Vidare visade studien att det informella lärandet är ett tydligt inslag hos både eleverna och lärarna som själva hittar kunskaper via olika kanaler på internet. Elevernas undersökande genom scenisk gestaltning resulterade i ett gestaltat manifest där de proklamerar att digital kompetens är viktigt för dem. Detta framfördes som ett performance under Konstfacks vårutställning den 17 maj 2018.

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Kremer, Hans Hugo. "Implementation didaktischer Theorie - Innovationen gestalten : Annäherungen an eine theoretische Grundlegung im Kontext der Einführung lernfeldstrukturierter Curricula /." Paderborn : Eusl, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010188256&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Morner, Filippa. "Vem ansvarar för klimatkrisen? En studie om hur svenska nyhetstidningar gestaltar olika aktörers ansvar för klimatkrisen." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23054.

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Den här studien undersöker nyhetstidningarnas del i kontexten för hur ansvar för klimatkrisen formas i det svenska samhället. Detta görs genom att studera hur två av de största nyhetstidningarna i Sverige, Dagens Nyheter och Aftonbladet, framställer olika aktörers ansvar för klimatkrisen i sina nyhetsartiklar. Det är relevant att studera nyhetstidningarnas ansvarsbeläggning för klimatkrisen då tidigare forskning har visat att nyhetsmedier kan påverka både uppfattningen om ämnen i samhället samt attityder och beteenden i relation till de ämnena. Studiens avsikt är därför att bidra till förståelse för hur nyhetstidningarnas ansvarsbeläggning av klimatkrisen kan påverka uppfattningen om ansvar och således hanteringen av klimatkrisen i samhället. Materialet analyseras utifrån gestaltningsteorin och miljökommunikationsforskningens syn på miljökommunikation som formande av miljön. Resultatet visar på att artiklarna till störst del ansvarsbelägger politiska aktörer, att företags ansvar förskjuts till politiska aktörer eller fördelas mellan politiska aktörer där företagen då får minst ansvar, samt att individers ansvar knappt gestaltas. Slutsatsen är att nyhetstidningarna inte ansvarsbelägger väsentliga aktörer i klimatkrisen lika mycket, vilket kan ses som problematiskt då klimatforskning menar att alla aktörer i samhället måste agera.
This study examines the part that Swedish newspapers play in the context of constructing responsibility for the climate crisis in Swedish society. This is done by studying how two of the biggest newspapers in Sweden, Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet, portray different actors’ responsibilities in the climate crisis in their news articles. It is of high relevance to study newspapers’ distribution of responsibility since previous research has shown that news media can affect both the perception of events and topics in society, as well as attitudes and behaviours in regards to those events and topics. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to a better understanding of how the newspapers’ distribution of responsibility can affect the perception of responsibility as well as the management of the climate crisis in the Swedish society. The material is analyzed through the theory of framing and the environmental communication research’s view that communication about the environment shapes the perception and therefore the form of the environment. The result shows that news articles mainly give responsibility to political actors, that companies’ responsibility is pushed over to political actors or placed between both companies and political actors where companies get the lesser responsibility, and that individuals are given a minimal amount of responsibility. The main conclusion is that the newspapers do not distribute responsibility evenly among the essential actors, which can be seen as problematic since climate research mean that all actors in society must act to solve the climate crisis.

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Granath, Desirée. "Gestaltning av invandring på sociala medier : En kvalitativ analys av hur invandring gestaltas på riksdagspartiers Facebooksidor i samband med den så kallade “flyktingkrisen” 2015." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-432466.

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Hörnberg, Hanna. "I ensamhetens rum : En motivstudie av den skrivande kvinnan, gestaltad i romanerna Ingen mans kvinna, Kärlek i Europa och Grand final i skojarbranschen." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-30291.

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Uppsatsen är en motivstudie av hur den skrivande kvinnan skildras i romanerna Ingen manskvinna (1919) av Ulla Bjerne, Kärlek i Europa (1981) av Birgitta Stenberg och Grand final i Skojarbranschen (2011) av Kerstin Ekman. Motivet av den skrivande kvinnan och hur hon förhåller sig till sitt skapande utifrån könsnormativa förväntningar, analyseras utifrån ett genusteoretiskt perspektiv med Beverly Skeggs respektabilitetsteori som ramverk. Jag använder även ett intersektionellt perspektiv som analysverktyg. Uppsatsen använder sig också av genreteori utifrån konstnärsromanen och dess konventioner, som behandlas och undersöks i förhållande till de valda romanerna.
The paper is a study of how the female writer is portrayed in the Swedish novels Ingen manskvinna [No man’s women] (1919) by Ulla Bjerne, Kärlek i Europa [Love in Europa] (1981) by Birgitta Stenberg and Grand final i skojarbranschen [Grande finale in the humbug game] (2011) by Kerstin Ekman. The analysis of the novels portrayed female writer and how her writing interacts with society’s gender roles, are based on a gender theory, with Beverly Skeggs theory of respectability as the theoretic framework. I also make use of an intersectional theory as an analytic tool. The purpose of the paper is also to apply genre studies and investigate the form and conventions of the artist novel and how the selected novels relate to the genre.

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Bjurs, Sofia. "”Det finns inte en planet B” : En studie om hur klimatförändringarna gestaltas i dagspress i Sverige och Finland." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-93160.

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The aim of this bachelor study is to examine and analyze how climate change was reported in Finnish and Swedish press in 2019. Framing theory was used to categorize different frames when reporting on climate change, in total 214 articles were analyzed, of which 127 were from Svenska Dagbladet and 87 from Hufvudstadsbladet. The research questions were: which news frames can be distinguished in Svenska Dagbladet and Hufvudstadsbladet in 2019? Which news frames dominate in articles about climate change in Svenska Dagbladet and Hufvudstadsbladet in 2019? Based on earlier studies and framing theory, what might any eventual differences be due to? A quantitative content analysis was conducted based on Dirikx and Gelders (2009) framing study in Dutch and French newspapers. The coding-manual answered which frames that were used and the alternatives were, the conflict frame, the economic consequences frame, the responsibility frame and the human interest frame. Out of these four frames the conflict frame and the responsibility frame were the most occurring. The largest difference between Svenska Dagbladet and Hufvudstadsbladet that were found was that Svenska Dagbladet uses the human interest frame more than Hufvudstadsbladet and that Hufvudstadsbladet had more articles with the conflict frame and the economic consequences frame.

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Pettersson, Ulf. "Textmedierade virtuella världar : Narration, perception och kognition." Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för film och litteratur (IFL), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-29606.

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This thesis synthezises theories from intermedia studies, semiotics, Gestalt psychology, cognitive linguistics, cognitive psychology, cognitive poetics, reader response criticism, narratology and possible worlds-theories adjusted to literary studies. The aim is to provide a transdisciplinary explanatory model of the transaction between text and reader during the reading process resulting in the reader experiencing a mental, virtual world. Departing from Mitchells statement that all media are mixed media, this thesis points to Peirce’s tricotomies of different types of signs and to the relation between representamen (sign), object and interpretant, which states that the interpretant can be developed into a more complex sign, for example from a symbolic to an iconic sign. This is explained in cognitive science by the fact that our perceptions are multimodal. We can easily connect sounds and symbolic signs to images. Our brain is highly active in finding structures and patterns, matching them with structures already stored in memory. Cognitive semantics holds that such structures and schematic mental images form the basis for our understanding of concepts. In cognitive linguistics Lakoff and Johnsons theories of conceptual metaphors show that our bodily experiences are fundamental in thought and language, and that abstract thought is concretized by a metaphorical system grounded in our bodily, spatial experiences. Cognitive science has shown that we build situation models based on what the text describes. These mental models are simultaneously influenced by the reader’s personal world knowledge and earlier experiences. Reader response-theorists emphasize the number of gaps that a text leaves to the reader to fill in, using scripts. Eye tracking research reveals that people use mental imaging both when they are re-describing a previously seen picture and when their re-description is based purely on verbal information about a picture. Mental spaces are small conceptual packets constructed as we think and talk. A story is built up by a large number of such spaces and the viewpoint and focus changes constantly. There are numerous possible combinations and relations of mental spaces. For the reader it is important to separate them as well as to connect them. Mental spaces can also be blended. In their integration network model Fauconnier and Turner describe four types of blending, where the structures of the input spaces are blended in different ways. A similar act of separation and fusion is needed dealing with different diegetic levels and focalizations, the question of who tells and who sees in the text. Ryan uses possible worlds-theories from modal logic to describe fictional worlds as both possible and parallel worlds. While fictional worlds are comparable to possible worlds if seen as mental constructions created within our actual world, they must also be treated as parallel worlds, with their own actual, reference world from which their own logic stems. As readers we must recenter ourselves into this fictional world to be able to deal with states of affairs that are logically impossible in our own actual world. The principle of minimal departure states that during our recentering, we only make the adjustments necessary due to explicit statements in the text.

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Khalili, Farhad, and Hamed Ubaidi-Karlsson. "Gestaltning av kriget i Afghanistan i en nationell och internationell kontext : En kvalitativ studie om hur kriget i Afghanistan gestaltas på TOLOnews i Afghanistan och SVT Nyheter i Sverige." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-91009.

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The aim of this study was to find out how the war in Afghanistan is framed both in national and international context. This was conducted by comparing the national tv channel TOLOnews from Afghanistan with the international tv channel SVT Nyheter from Sweden. A qualitative text analysis as well as a semiotic photo analysis were implemented on four news articles and two photos from each channel respectively. Framing theory, agenda setting, and news values provided the theoretical background to be able to carry out the study. The significant findings of the study show that SVT Nyheter uses various secondary foreign sources for their articles in comparison to TOLOnews which uses only first-hand sources as can be expected of international and national tv channels. Furthermore, SVT Nyheter concentrates mostly on facts such as the number of people killed in attacks whereas TOLOnews concentrates more on the personal stories of the local people affected by the attacks. Finally, the study discusses what could be the underlying reasons of the findings of the study and thereby the differences of the framing of the war in Afghanistan by the two tv channels.

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Larsson, Swärd Josefin, and Veronika Persson. "Hur gestaltar man ondska? : En multimodal analys om gestaltning och representation inom journalistiken, med fokus på Aftonbladets och Dagens Nyheters rapportering kring händelserna i Trollhättan och på Drottninggatan." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Media- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27102.

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Nyhetsmedia har en stor påverkan på samhället, det är till dem vi med största sannolikhet vänder oss till när en stor händelse drabbar oss. Under de senaste åren har nyhetsmedia fått motstå kritik för hur de särbehandlar olika fall och händelser beroende på vem gärningsmannen är. Vi ville utforska om det faktiskt stämde att vita gärningsmän blir klassificerade som psykisk sjuka, när icke-vita gärningsmän blir beskrivna som terrorister. Genom att fokusera på representation, gestaltningsteorin och attributdagordningen utfördes en multimodal analys på Aftonbladets och Dagens Nyheters rapportering kring händelsen i Trollhättan respektive Drottninggatan. Målet var att se om det fanns några tendenser för särbehandling vid rapporteringen och porträtteringen av gärningsmän och deras dåd. Studien gav inte några definitiva resultat, däremot lade vi bland annat märke till att det fanns nyanser i artiklarna som kunde peka på särbehandling. Vi märkte bland annat att porträtteringen av gärningsmännen skilde sig drastiskt, när Rakhmat Akilov beskrivs som den invandrade brutala gärningsmannen med IS-sympatier, gestaltas Anton Lundin Pettersson som den tillbakadragne, svenska killen som tyckte om hårdrock OCH Nazityskland.
The influence news media has on society is huge, we most certainly turn to the news media whenever a big event affects us. For the last couple of years critique has been directed towards the news media concerning the coverage of crime and how some cases get special treatment depending on who the perpetrator is. We wanted to investigate if it actually is true that white criminals get described as ‘mentally ill’, while non white criminals are categorized as ‘terrorists’. By focusing on representation, the Attribute framing theory and the Framing theory, we did a multimodal analysis on the Swedish newspapers Aftonbladet's and Dagens Nyheter’s coverage of the events in Trollhättan and at Drottninggatan. Our goal was to distinguish if there actually are any tendencies for special treatment while covering a case and portraying a perpetrator within the news media. With this study, we weren’t able to come to any conclusions, but the study did show that there were some nuances which pointed towards special treatment in the news articles. For instance we discovered that there were some differences in the portraying of the perpetrators; while Rakhmat Akilov was described as the immigrating veil criminal who shared sympathies with ISIS, Anton Lundin Pettersson was portrayed as the shy guy from Sweden who was passionate about metal AND Nazi Germany.

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Rizzini, Marta. "Análise de instrumentos de mensuração do estresse em gestantes: Escala de Estresse Percebido (PSS) e do Inventário de Eventos de Vida Produtores de Estresse (IEVPE)." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2017. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1579.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T17:21:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MartaRizzini.pdf: 6184854 bytes, checksum: fac557a55e241c133f0edfe7a67c82c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-24
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA)
Early identification of stress by means of measuring instruments is a simple strategy and low cost to the public sector, but it is necessary to confirm that we are actually measuring what it purports to measure for a specific population, ie, stress in women during pregnancy. The objective of this study is the analysis of two stress measurement instruments in pregnant women in two cities: stressful life events (EVE) and the perceived stress scale (PSS). A crosssectional study was conducted with pregnant women in São Luis/MA and in Ribeirão Preto/SP (BRISA cohort). The construct validity of EVE was done by Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory. The parameters of PSS items were estimated using the Gradual Response Model Samejima based on Item Response Theory (IRT). For analysis of the items Differential Functioning (DIF) were used the likelihood ratio for non-uniform DIF and differences between the weights of the regressions (Δβ1) for uniform DIF. As an estimate of the magnitude of DIF was used Pseudo-R 2 . The model with three factors then called Life Events Causing Stress (LECS) showed a good fit (RMSEA <0.05; IFC / TLI> 0.90) for the two samples. For the PSS only the 10-item scale (PSS 10) presented the prerequisite of unidimensionality. The results showed good variation of the response thresholds (bi) and discrimination (ai) from moderate to high. The analysis found items 9 and 10 with probable DIF in the PSS 10, but there was no significant effect of residence location in the responses to items, suggesting that the answers are not related to any other factor beyond trace latent perceived stress. This study found evidence that confirms the construct validity of a list of stressor events being titled Life Events Inventary Causing Stress (LEICS). By TRI and DIF, it is concluded that the PSS 10 scale was invariant when applied to samples of pregnant women in two cities.
A identificação precoce do estresse por meio de instrumentos de aferição é uma estratégia simples e com baixo custo para o setor público, porém é necessário confirmar se realmente estamos medindo o que se propõe mensurar para uma população específica, ou seja, o estresse em mulheres no período gestacional. O objetivo deste estudo é a análise de dois instrumentos de mensuração do estresse em gestantes em duas cidades brasileiras: eventos de vida estressantes (EVE) e a escala de estresse percebido (Perceived Stress Scale - PSS). Foi conduzido um estudo transversal com gestantes em São Luís/MA e em Ribeirão Preto/SP (coorte BRISA). A validade de construto dos EVE foi realizada por meio da Análise Fatorial Exploratória e Confirmatória. Os parâmetros dos itens da PSS foram estimados utilizando o Modelo de Resposta Gradual de Samejima com base na Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI). Para análise do Funcionamento Diferencial dos Itens (DIF) foram empregados a Razão de Verossimilhança para DIF não-uniforme e diferenças entre os pesos das regressões (Δβ1) para DIF uniforme. Como estimativa da magnitude do DIF foi utilizado o Pseudo-R 2 . O modelo com três fatores então denominado Eventos de Vida Produtores de Estresse (EVPE) apresentou um bom ajuste (RMSEA <0.05; CFI/TLI >0.90) para as duas amostras. Para a PSS apenas a escala com 10 itens (PSS 10) apresentou o pré-requisito da unidimensionalidade. Os resultados mostraram boa variação dos limiares de resposta (bi) e discriminação (ai) de moderada a alta. A análise encontrou os itens 9 e 10 com provável DIF na PSS 10, porém não houve um efeito significativo do local de moradia nas respostas aos itens, sugerindo que as respostas não estão relacionadas a nenhum outro fator além do traço latente estresse percebido. Este estudo encontrou evidências que confirmam a validade de construto de uma lista com eventos estressores sendo intitulado de Inventário de Eventos de Vida Produtores de Estresse (IEVPE). Por meio da TRI e do DIF, conclui-se que a escala PSS 10 foi invariante quando aplicado em amostras de gestantes de duas cidades brasileiras.

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Sik, Wilhma. "The impact of group play therapy on the social skills of shy children in their middle childhood." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08172004-072009.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gestalt theory'

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