Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gestion des crises – Haïti'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Gestion des crises – Haïti.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Paule, Clément. "Haïti, un État en catastrophe : la gestion transnationale du séisme du 12 janvier 2010." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D032.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation is dedicated to the transnational management of the 2010 Haitian earthquake. Since the beginning of the 2000s, Haiti has often been categorized as a complex emergency. The 12 January 2010 earthquake triggered again a massive deployment of external humanitarian operators and streamlined assistance in the island. This particular example of crisis management illustrates the contradictory effects of humanitarian assistance and underlines the ambivalent role of a disaster-affected State. Whereas donors may consider the Haitian State failed or fragile, it remains de jure the main responsible entity under the principle of national sovereignty. Yet, since the political transition following the fall of the Duvalier regime in 1986, the Haitian State has been continuously weakened, leaving the country in the hands of a complex network of multiple actors in charge. As such, the earthquake, and the unprecedented international mobilisation it triggered, also destabilized this particular configuration of power. From a socio-historical perspective, this doctoral research explores the interaction between disaster management mechanisms, the specific trajectory of the Haitian statebuilding process, and the contemporary modes of government of a dependent and weakened political space. Furthermore, the reconstruction process will be analyzed throughout those reconfigurations
Wörlein, Jan. "Gouverner l'humanitaire : une sociologie politique du monde des acteurs de l’aide en Haïti (2010-2016)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100089.
Full textThis PhD-thesis is an ethnographic study of the actors of the aid system and of their interactions within the humanitarian system in Haïti between 2010 and 2016. It is also a work based on the documentary review of the more global humanitarian reform dynamics, Haïti being a test zone for these dynamics. The objective of this dissertation is to make a political sociology of crisis management in this country. My study especially shows that the emergence of many juxtaposed sectors of specialization among these actors has led to the creation of a “bureaucracy of emergency management”, which works as a parallel governing force, away from the Haitian state, and thus leads to inconsistencies in crisis management and prevention. I analyze the work done by this bureaucracy to govern the humanitarian world as an art of government. My major argument here is to show that this art of government weighs on humanitarian actors as much as on aid beneficiaries, although in differing ways
Duplan, Yves Jamont Junior. "La soutenabilité complexe : les dimensions socio-économique, écologique et épistémologique : la question de la déforestation en Haïti." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40037.
Full textPerron, Caroline. "L'approche de la gestion du développement local revue par le management interculturel : problèmes théoriques et pratiques à l'occasion d'une étude sur le cas d'Haïti." Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE21032.
Full textThis doctorate thesis begins from the observation that the local developments projects in Haiti, carried out by the international cooperation, produces unsignificative results in view of the resources that are deployed by the international financial lenders. To improve the management of local development projects, the author suggests to study the local development under the specific angle of management in prioritizing the approach of intercultural management. To achieve this, she begins by the study of the local development concept as well as other collateral concepts like decentralization and local governance in order to actualize them to the specific problem of poor countries in a development aid perspective, and also bring forward the processes and the criteria of success that include cultural content. By the analysis of empirical data harvested from six financed projects by the international cooperation and two Haitians projects, the thesis outlines several good and detrimental management practices of local development. These eight experiences of local development are subsequently analysed through the intercultural management approach on one hand, to understand the cultural attributes of the Haitian peasant culture that accounts for the barriers or the possibilities of the local management in Haiti, and on the other hand, to deepen the difficulties and the good lessons tied to the organizational culture of the international agencies and NGO's. The results of these analyses are later reinvested in a new management strategy based on the intercultural management model of local development
Rosemond, Darline. "Décentralisation et développement local : le cas de la gestion publique de l'eau potable en Haïti." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26227.
Full textIn Haiti does the decentralization encourage the local development? Studies of the Haitian context explain the stake and difficulties of a perfect decentralize control of public act and development program especially in the drinking water section. In this situation the local management is not able to put together the local actors of the population. Keywords: Decentralization, local development, governance of drinking water.
Michel, Roger M. "Hai͏̈ti, façonnement et gestion agraire : de la destruction à l'alternative de reconstruction : les expériences poursuivies au Mali et au Rwanda." Lyon 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO31009.
Full textThe agrarian land of haiti, until then occupied, tilled and managed by the indigenous population respecting the local traditions, was force into the modern era by christopher columbus in 1492. The socio-economic changes brought about by this modernity were profoundly marked by four long periods. The colonial period (1490-1803). Concentrating on agricultural specialization, used the land exclusively for export crops. Decolonisation (18041914) interrupted this process. It was taken up again during the american occupation (1915-1934) and has continued into the contemporary period (1935 to date). At the centre of all the contradictions which have appeared as a consequence of the extremely ambiguous bonds created between the different social strata to which those who have occupied and transformed this land belong, is the issue of the tilling and management of the land. Some of the measures adopted to reform plantation economics have failed because they associated export crops with the subsistence sector preferred by the numerous small-holding farmers or farmers in a precarious social, legal and economic situation. The haitian economy whose largest source of income is from the primary sector, is suffering the consequences and undergoing a general economic crisis, preventing the survival of the plantation economics which flourished in the 17th and 18th centuries, the expanding food-production sector of the 19th century and not event allowing an independent production system to spring up. In the face of this situation, and after working in rural organization and agricultural development in rwanda and mali, the author of this thesis suggests an alternative for haiti, based on a restructuring of its social and economic environments with a view to land use replanning. This is seen as essential to allow a civilian society to emerge and for the step towards democracy to be taken to replace the present political system and to allow the haitian people to better adapt to their environment
Chery, Frédéric-Gérald. "Ajustement économique, monnaie et institutions dans l'économie hai͏̈tienne." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030085.
Full textIn my doctoral dissertation, I studied how the economy of Hai͏̈ti functions and analyzed the crisis that it has been undergoing since 1980. This theoretical framework is grounded on the approach of the School of regulation and in particular their ideas concerning the role of money. This approach allowed me to understand the social structures that prevail in an underdeveloped economy. I studied the social compromises brougnt about by the role of money as a social bind, the sharing of goods belonging to domestic groups and the capturing of. .
Jouaber, Snoussi Kaouther. "Gestion et règlementation du marché : le cas des interruptions de cotation." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090018.
Full textJean-Gilles, Jude. "La distanciation de l'administration publique haïtienne par rapport aux principes de la nouvelle gestion publique : une approche quantitative." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22317.
Full textHirschhorn, Damien. "Haïti : une intervention exemplaire ? La Réforme du Secteur de Sécurité en Haïti." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30053/document.
Full textFirst of all, this thesis aims at understanding, while using the example of Haiti, if Security Sector Reforms carried out within international interventions in crisis or post-conflict countries are effective at accomplishing their objectives and providing the best support for sustainable changes to host States. Finally this document's objective is also to serve as a support in finding new solutions and new practices to successfully achieve Security Sector Reforms
Gaudin, Charlotte. "La gestion d'un environnement dynamique lors de situations d'alerte : analyse des processus cognitifs et des activités collectives." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10025.
Full textDorcin, Marc Emmanuel. "De l'effectivité du droit d'auteur par la mise en œuvre du statut juridique de l'artiste et la gestion collective : une appréciation du cas haïtien." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25255.
Full textSegrestin, Blanche. "La gestion des partenariats d'exploration : spécificités, crises et formes de rationalisation." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000601.
Full textBritos, Laeticia. "La gestion des crises dans la zone euro-méditerranéenne : analyses et perspectives." Université de Paris-Sud. Faculté Jean-Monnet. UFR Droit, Économie, Gestion, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA111020.
Full textGalactéros-Luchtenberg, Caroline. "Analyse critique de la gestion des crises balkaniques de l'après-guerre froide." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010317.
Full textTraoré, Boukaye Boubacar. "Modélisation des informations et extraction des connaissances pour la gestion des crises." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0153.
Full textThe rise of emerging data collection technologies offers new opportunities for various scientific disciplines. IT is expected to play its part by developing intelligent data analysis techniques to provide some insight into solving complex problems. The content of this doctoral research dissertation is part of the general problem of extracting knowledge from data by computer techniques. This PhD work focuses, firstly, to the problem of information modeling for crisis management requiring medical care, using a collaboration of computer applications of telemedicine. We proposed a methodology for managing a remote crisis in three stages. It is mainly focused on the collaboration of telemedicine acts (Teleconsultation, Teleexpertise, Telemonitoring, Remote Assistance, and Medical Regulation), from the transport phase of victims to the phase of medical treatment in and / or between health structures. This methodology not only helps to provide crisis managers with a computerized decision aid system, but also to minimize the financial costs and to reduce the response time of emergency through an organized management of the crisis. Secondly, we studied in detail the extraction of knowledge using data mining techniques on satellite images to discover epidemic r risk areas, including the case study focused on the cholera epidemic in the region of Mopti, Mali. Thus, a methodology of six phases was presented by relating the data collected in the field and satellite data to prevent and more effectively monitor the epidemic crises. The results show that 66% of the contamination rate is related to the Niger River, in addition to certain societal factors such as garbage dumps in winter. As a result, we have been able to establish the link between the epidemic and its development environment, which will enable decision makers to better manage a possible crisis of epidemic. And finally, during an epidemic crisis situation, we focused on medical analysis, more specifically by the use of portable microscopes to confirm or not the presence of pathogens in samples of case suspects. To do this, we have presented a methodology in six phases, based on the techniques of deep learning including one of convolutional neural network techniques, transfer learning that take advantage of complex systems and analysis of large amounts of data. The idea is to train networks convolutional neural automatic image classification pathogens. For example in our case study, this approach was used to distinguish a microscopic image containing the cholera epidemic virus called Vibrio cholerae from a microscopic image containing the malaria epidemic virus called Plasmodium. This allowed us to obtain good performances with a classification accuracy of 99%. Subsequently, the idea is to deploy this pathogen image recognition solution in intelligent portable microscopes for routine analysis and medical diagnostic applications in crisis management. This will make it possible to fill the lack of specialists in microscopic manipulation and a considerable time saving in the analysis of the samples with precise measures favoring the accomplishment of the work under better conditions
Polito, Gabriele Maria. "Le principe de solidarité et la gestion des crises dans le secteur bancaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA006/document.
Full textThe thesis is intended to demonstrate the existence of a principle of solidarity in the European Banking Union (EBU). This work is divided into three chapters. The first chapter aims to retraces which are the various nuances that characterize the semantics of the word ‘solidarity’. The second chapter is devoted to the assessment of the provisions of the Treaties which refer to the concept of solidarity. The third chapter analyses how it is declined the principle of solidarity in the EBU, which has introduced innovative methods to manage the resolution of the banks in distress. In conclusion, the thesis tries to prove that also in this renewed EU legal framework, the ‘rule’ continues to be the non-solidarity; by contrast, the ‘exception’ continues to be the solidarity as confirmed by the new tools, which could be activated by the competent authority only in presence of serious difficulties in the banking sector
Zoghlami, Nesrine. "Optimisation à base d’agents communicants des flux logistiques pour la gestion de crises." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECLI0013.
Full textThe logistic chains represent a competitive advantage that companies try to maintain. Nevertheless, it is never easy to anticipate the evolution of a logistics chain. Consequently, to integrate the disturbances as a parameter into the study of the chain can allow limiting its vulnerability. The research works presented in this thesis, within the context of cooperation with the logistics department of EADS, concern the definition of a modeling approach and an oriented agent simulation of logistic chains in a context with strong disturbances (the crisis management logistics chain). However, work in an uncertain environment; incite to be equipped with cooperation mechanisms assuring all the actors of the chain satisfaction, while acting in a collective way to reach a common objective: the crisis management. To resolve this kind of problem, we defined in this thesis two interaction modes and negotiation protocols based on the cooperation between agents. These protocols, validated in a crisis management application, allow us to take into account the dependencies between the different negotiation issues. To demonstrate, the efficiency of the used approaches, we represented the variation of the bullwhip effect according to the used approach. We concluded that the cooperation is essential and allows reducing efficiently the bullwhip effect along a logistics chain. A demonstrator OBAC was realized, integrating all this approaches and military applications
Berger, Sabbatel Amandine. "Organiser la montée en fiabilité d'un collectif d'organisations : acteurs, outils et modes de management : le cas des collectivités territoriales face à la crise." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT2035/document.
Full textIn order to cope with the risks that threaten the French territory, the local level is the first level of crisis response. But it is also the weak link in the civil security organization. The organization of crisis response among municipalities is uneven and lacks operational capability. Given the lack of municipal resources and expertise in this area, intermunicipal organizations have come to play a supporting role, yet little studied today. Our thesis then explores the collective progression of the whole inter-municipality in the preparation of the response to the crisis (the inter-municipal structure and all the municipalities). How to overcome a well-established planning logic in organizational processes? How to harmonize the level of preparedness within a very diverse group of municipalities? Our thesis suggests an answer through the joint logic of anticipation and resilience, thanks to the contribution High Reliability Organizations theories (HRO). Thanks to the managerial work of the inter-municipal risk-manager, the municipal emergency preparedness plan becomes the central element of a collective strategy to increase reliability. This strategy is based both on an organizational dimension, on a cognitive dimension and on a political dimension. In return, our thesis offers HRO theories an opportunity to think reliability as a manageable progression, an opportunity to think reliability in an inter-organizational context, and proposes to enrich the analysis by including a political dimension
Abdessalem, Slah. "Le contrôle budgétaire en période de crise : application au cas de "l'Etnor"." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE0027.
Full textThis research deals with budgetary control systems as a management tool. In this system, actual performance is reported against budgets and information is provided on what had al ready happened but the system did not seem to provide assistance in the attainement of objectives. The introduction of the concept of dynamic mechanistic foncast of year end results seams to be the required management tool in periods of crisis. This involves an analysis of current performance levels, an evaluation of the current organisational environment and how this is likely to influence organisational performance and the development of revised courses of action to improve profitability. In this system, the measure of managerial performance is no longer the extent to which budgets are achieved, but the extent to which managers are able continuonsly togenerate and implement profit improvement plans. The introduction of this concept within "etnor" has allowded it to manage efficiently the most important control variables
Le, Nguyen Tuan Thanh. "Coordination models for crisis resolution : discovery, analysis and assessment." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30327.
Full textThis thesis is about coordination in multi-agent universes and particularly in crisis contexts. Recently, we have witnessed an increasing number of crises, not only natural disasters (hurricane Katrina, Haiti earthquake, ...) but also man-made ones (Syrian refugees crisis in Europe, Arabic spring, rioting in Baltimore, ...). In such crisis, the different actors involved in the resolution have to act rapidly and simultaneously in order to ease an efficient control and reduce its impacts on the real world. To achieve this common goal as quickly and efficiently as possible, these actors (police, military forces, medical organizations) must join their respective resources and skills to collaborate and act in a coordinated way, most often by following a plan that specifies the expected flow of work between them. By coordination, we mean all the work needed for putting resolution plans and all stakeholders' skills and resources together in order to reach the common goal (crisis resolution) in an efficient way. Crisis resolution plans are most of the time available in a textual format defining the actors, their roles and coordination recommendations in the different steps of crisis life-cycle (mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery). While plans in a printed document format are easy to manipulate by stakeholders when taken individually, they do not provide direct means to be analysed, simulated, adapted or improved and may have various different interpretations. Therefore they are difficult to manage in real time and in a distributed setting. Given these observations, it becomes useful to model these textual plans to have an accurate representation of them, to reduce ambiguity and to support coordination between stakeholders and ease an efficient control and crisis resolution. The goal of this PhD thesis is to contribute to coordination engineering in crisis domains by providing a comprehensive approach that considers both organizational and task aspects in a coherent conceptual framework. In this perspective, our approach combines Business Process and Multi-Agent paradigms and provides a mapping algorithm between their concepts. BPM (Business Process Modelling) provides an aggregate view of the coordination through the task aspect and so doing eases the validation, the simulation, the intelligibility of crisis resolution plans at design time and its monitoring at run time. The Multi-Agent paradigm provides social abstractions (high-level interactions and organization structures) to model, analyse and simulate an organizational view of the coordination by representing the structure and the behaviour of the system being developed at a macro level, independently of the internal structure of agents (micro level). The contribution of this thesis is a coordination framework, which consists of three related components: i) A design and development approach (design/discovery, analysis, simulation) that provides means (recommendations, formalisms, life-cycle, algorithms) to produce (agent and process-based) coordination models from a textual plan and/or event based log files, ii) A mapping algorithm deriving BPMN process schemas onto multi-agent structures, iii) Coordination evaluation metrics. We extend the works of Grossi and define formal metrics that allow the evaluation of the quality (efficiency, robustness and flexibility) of multi-agent system organizations. We have applied this framework to the Ho Chi Minh City Tsunami resolution plan
Barkaoui, Houssem. "Proactivité des systèmes de soins à domicile face à des crises sanitaires." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI058/document.
Full textToday, the accumulation of risks associated with factors such as increasing urbanization, climate change and variability, terrorism, animal and human epidemics or pandemics and enlarged mobility of people and goods have increased the disruptive and even destructive impact of various types of disasters. Crisis management plans are developed to better manage the crisis or even to avoid it. The purpose of this research is to develop decision aid tools to support the different phases of the crisis management plan for home health care (HHC) structures, mainly for preparation and response phases. A set of scenarios, considering the different sources of crises and the impacted business processes, with regard to their frequency and their human and material impacts, have been defined. An original approach of vulnerability analysis based on graph theory and matrix methods has been developed. The objective is to measure the impact of different crises on the HHC structure in terms of actors and exchanged flows. Based on this assessment phase we have proposed a classification of HHC actors. Different methods have been proposed for the design of mitigation strategies and countermeasures for each class of actors. The problem of access to care in the context of a scenario of massive intoxication is considered. A linear programming model has been proposed to simulate the studied scenario and evaluate its consequences. It models a foodborne infection and its medical response as part of a HHC-Hospital collaboration, in the framework of an extended white plan. The issue of access to patients' homes has been investigated in the context of a flood-like scenario. The proposed tool provides an evacuation plan for critical patients to evacuate and a home support plan for low-risk patients who will be kept at home, using clustering based on each patient's risk assessment
Passe, Edmond. "Crise et improvisation organisationnelle : les leçons de quatre études de cas." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/PASSE_Edmond_2011.pdf.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the behaviors of improvisation and non-improvisation in crisis. The objective is to understand under what conditions and why organization actors improvise or not when they are faced with a crisis situation. The research is exploratory, conducted out of an epistemology of critical realism and was carried out on the basis of adductive reasoning. It is based on a qualitative approach based on the study of four cases of organizations having been subjected to crisis situations for which it studied improvisation phenomena (or not) at three levels : individual, group (the service) and collectiv (organization). The analysis of the results focuses on three axes. It is first a characterization of behavior in crisis. It then deals with a tracking of the explanatory factors of behaviors leading to the proposal for a conceptual framework of improvisation, standing out deductive and inductive improvisation. Finally, It sets out research managerial implications relating to the conduct of improvisation in a crisis situation
Deh, Félix. "La coopération monétaire au sein de la zone franc face aux crises du franc Français." Paris 13, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA131001.
Full textDespite the perfect correlation of the currencies in the franc zone, the economic ties between France and the thirteen African states have been weakening over the last few years. Added to this, is the fact that the French franc has experienced serious crises. The two aspects of the situation have led us to divide this research into three parts: the first part presents the historical evolution of the franc zone as well as details of how it operates. The efforts made by the African partners are then shown, not only in terms of apprenticeship in monetary management, but also with reference to the progressive creation of sub-regional organisations of a commercial nature. The second part is an assessment of the economic and financial monetary cooperation between the African states and France. This section, in particular, enables us to see how, over a long period, the African states have ensured and consolidated their development, and defended the parity of their money and maintained solidarity between themselves. Finally, the third part analyses the repercussions of the crises of the French franc and the currency readjustments of its African partners in the franc zone and the main sectors of their economies. The extent of the difficulties encountered by these states in all areas of their economies, due to the crises of the French franc, show specifically that the monetary agreements signed with France and based on operational accounts justified in the sixties and seventies. Are no longer so. As a result, it is perfectly possible in this new situation to envisage a monetary cooperation between these two groups of countries based on trust and without operational accounts. Due to this, the African states in the franc zone will take still more responsibility. This in turn will enable them to gradually abandon the assisted situation and, above all, to demonstrate more dynamism and imagination in the national and sub-regional economic and financial initiatives
Bos, Petrus Lucian Johannes. "Crisis management in a crowded humanitarian space : the politics of hosting refugee influxes /." [S.l.] : The Swedish national defence college, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40079192v.
Full textDarcy, Sandrine. "Analyse et instrumentation de la robustesse des systèmes socio-techniques complexes : application à l'urgence médicale." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20054.
Full textThe increasing occurrence of crisis situations creates a need for the analysis and the design of socio-technical systems able to adapt to environment disturbances. Currently these issues are mainly undertaken by the Resilient engineering. This approach aims to maintain or restore the system as quickly as possible to its initial state using a planified organisation. Although resilient engineering enables the system to function in a stable et efficient way, it does not take into account neither the non-deterministic dynamic of crisis situation nor the importance of auto-organised process such as those occurring on field. Based on an ergonomic analysis of realistic exercises testing intervention plans, we suggest a method which aims to consider that the dynamic of crisis situations results from the articulation of two types of processes: centralised processes supervised by hierarchy and auto-organised processes based on local interactions between agents. This point of view led us to reformulate the design issue in terms of equilibrium between these two processes. From this perspective, we use a multi agent platform to simulate this double organisation and to evaluate the role of alternative information technologies. The results are exploited in order to design a crisis management tool that is tested in close-to-reality simulations. On a theoretical side, we use the various experiments to clarify the concepts of resilience and robustness taking into account the complexity paradigm
Forgues, Bernard. "Processus de décision en situation de crise." Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090043.
Full textWe define a crisis as an event potentially provoking high damages, involving multiple stakeholders, and requiring immediate attention. Eleven case studies are made on various crises. The analyses used to study these cases are twofold. First, a qualitative analysis tracks the decision process. Second, a sequence method is used to retrieve the chronological order of activities. Those analyses lead to an avoidance model of crisis decision. This avoidance behavior is adopted by an individual or an organization not willing to make a too important decision. Several explanations lie behind this behavior : lack of information, high level of stress, lack of power. . . The limits, managerial implications and future researches are presented
Paul, Eliccel. "La performance des entreprises et l’impact de la culture nationale : Une illustration dans le contexte socio-économique haïtien." Thesis, Antilles, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANTI0110/document.
Full textThis study is part of business performance based on the culturalist approch. It is motivated by the finding that Haïti is facing serious economic problems whose solutions are not obvious to the application of orthodox theories. Keeping in mind that business performance plays a critical role in the growth of the global economy, the study aims to determine the impact of haïtian socio-cultural factors on business performance.Despite numerous studies on the determinants of business performance, the literature on the issue has focused little on the role of sociocultural factors. In addition, there is a lack of researchers, to our knowledge, who studied the procedure of sociocultural factors, namely the channels through which pass their effects on performance. This study contributes to fill these voids. It proposes a model of performance incorporating both traditional production factors, management, marketing and sociocultural traits of Haïti. The traditional factors of production such as accumulation of capital, human capital, innovation, and factors related to marketing and management such as customer orientation, managerial behavior, job performance, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior are considered as mediating variables through which the haitian cultural factors affect the company's performance. The sociocultural variables studied are those that reflect the "philosophy of the passage," a belief that life comes down to a very short time on earth and would be futile (Logossah, 2007). Ten variables generated by this worldview have been studied : the primacy of the beyond, self-withdrawal from the world, aspiration level, life in the present moment, fatalism, time management, competition avoidance, conformity, mutual aid and nepotism. Data were collected from 207 haitian businesses selected randomly in the private sector. Two data collection methods were used. The questionnaire was emailed to undertakings having email address (response rate : 13.25%). Companies that do not have email address have been collecting data by direct interview, conducted by a team of investigators recruited for this purpose.The survey revealed that the company's performance earned an average of 3.92 and a standard deviation of 0.25. Intermediate variables (accumulation capital, human capital, innovation, customer orientation, managerial behavior, job performance, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior) obtain scores ranging between 2.00 and 5.00, an average of 3.44 and 3.67 and a standard deviation ranging from 0.25 to 0.45. The independent variables (primacy of the beyond, self-withdrawal from the world, aspiration level, life in the present moment, fatalism, time management, aversion to competition, conformity, mutual aid, nepotism) obtain scores ranging between 1.00 and 5.00, an average ranging from 2.77 to 4.00 and a standard deviation ranging from 0.27 to 0.81. The results of the econometric analysis show that fatalism has positive impact on business performance. These positive effects were partially mediated by capital accumulation, innovation, managerial behavior of the entrepreneur, job performance and customer focus. These results mean that not only fatalism is subsequently favorable to performance company, but through different channels. Likewise, mutual aid helps strengthen organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior at the enterprise level. However, the primacy of the beyond, self-withdrawal from the world, the level of aspiration, time management, aversion to competition and conformity are presented as debilitating factors for the company performance. Nepotism is not really any disability for company performance or work performance. Living in the present moment does not constitute a problem for company performance. However, it prevents the company to undertake innovation projects
Mei, Estuning Tyas Wulan. "Gestion des évacuations lors des crises volcaniques : étude de cas du volcan Merapi, Java, Indonésie." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001681.
Full textM'bemba-Milandou, Augustin. "L' héritage colonial et la gestion publique au Congo : crises, turbulences, faillite d'un système économique." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100089.
Full textBailbe, Philippe. "Du maintien de la paix à la gestion des crises : la force de police européenne." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0051.
Full textExperiences in international peacekeeping operations, particularly in the Balkans, have demonstrated that the most demanding challenge facing the international community is not warfighting but rather the enforcement and building of peace. For these tasks, a military response alone is not sufficient. Conflicts such as Kosovo, East Timor and Iraq illustrate the particular difficulties in post-crisis management and prevention of further conflict. Attention has focused, in particular, on the lack of international capacity in policing after conflict. The analysis, through the case study of the European Union police missions, stresses the challenges of post-conflict situation normalisation, of social link reconstruction and of state main functions reactivation. Furthermore, it points up in the same time the accuration of EU global crisis management concept and the need of a more political Europe, able to meet its commitment to a contribution to international peace and security
Debié, Franck. "Une géopolitique de la paix : la gestion des crises par le Conseil de Sécurité (1988-1995)." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040002.
Full textGeopolitics provides an interesting approach to Security Council behavior after the end of god war (1988-1995). A geopolitical debate on peace takes place within member states. Governments take into account that debate and try to answer public opinion demand for peace. At Security Council level, geopolitics of peace bears a strong influence on the location of interventions and the management of crisis and operations. It is responsible for changes in peacekeeping by the United Nations
Riachy, Zahi. "La gestion des crises financières et budgétaires des Etats membres par le droit de l'Union Européenne." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0017/document.
Full textSince the financial crisis of 2008, the Commission has regularly updated the EU rules on State aid, adopting « crisis-related communications », with the intention of establishing a general framework for Resolution of the difficulties of the banking sector and to provide detailed guidance on the criteria for compatibility with the internal market. In the management context of the sovereign debt crisis, the deployment of financial and monetary solidarities, perceived as supremacies of the general interest, constituted, in the substantial field, conditions for the legality of State and European Stability and financial assistance. In addition, institutional and governmental responses have resulted in successive reforms intended at reshaping the European regulatory framework, with a view to strengthening the preventive arm of the Stability Growth Pact (SGP), as well as corrective and rigorous economic action. Moreover, the accumulation of macroeconomic and financial imbalances has revealed the importance of strengthening the instruments for coordinating and monitoring structural and cyclical policies in order, for the budgetary policies to be beneficial for the growth of the Member States in the long term, Union. Moreover, the spread and the impact of the banking crisis of 2008 on the bond markets that have led the European Union to strengthen prudential requirements for financial institutions, and to adopt decisive measures in the field of regulation and financial supervision
Attias-Bonnivard, Danièle. "Crise et désorganisation de l'entreprise : l'organisation comme espace /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : Dunkerque : l'Harmattan ; Innoval, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39291177x.
Full textPecly, Wolter Rafael. "Pensée sociale et situations de crise : le rôle des nexus dans l'implication personnelle et les modes de raisonnement." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H033.
Full textThis thesis aims at exploring the characters of social thinking in crisis situations. More precisely, we are interested in the relationships of mobilizing object with personal implication, the proximity to the event and modes of reasoning. On the two first studies of the thesis, we could observe that the simple presence of mobilizing and affective label ("tsunami") in a text reinforces the importance given to the object as well as the will of aiding the victims of destruction. On a third study we investigate the effect of time proximity to a crisis object on the evaluation of that object. Result show that close participants who are close (in the time sense to the object have extreme and consensual opinions. That would illustrate the fact that the polarization linked to mobilizations could be ephemeral and closely linked to the context. On a fourth study we were interested in the reasoning capacities of subjects with an extreme opinion on a crisis situation. Results show that in a comparison to "neutral" subjects, the ones with extreme positioning are incapable of fighting against the contradiction through reasoning, and that they prioritize the use of rejection. The results of those studies make us think that mobilizing objects are very particular, constituting perhaps a representational state, in which the affective dimension is maximized to the detriment of the cognitive dimension
Balthazard-Accou, Ketty. "Contamination microbiologique des eaux souterraines de la ville des Cayes, Haïti : évaluation des risques pour la santé des consommateurs." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0122.
Full textProtozoa of the genus Cryptosporidium are intestinal parasites that infect the intestines of many vertebrates. They often generate an opportunistic parasitosis in immunodeficient individuals. These cosmopolitan protists can be found in different types of water, distribution in particular. The oocyst is the form of resistance and spread of the parasite in the environment. Frequently involved in acute and chronic diarrhea in children and adults, Cryptosporidium is a real public health issue in developing countries. In Haiti, Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in surface water and drinking water, including our study site, the city of Les Cayes. After having assessed the level of movement of oocysts in the environment of our study site, we tried: i) to identify the sources of this pollution by analyzing feces of animal freely circulating in the city ii) to understand the presence of Cryptosporidium in the aquifer of the city by the study of soil properties (particle size, testing percolation column, static tests) and therefore the mechanisms of transfer of oocysts from the surface to groundwater iii) to assess the health risk of the population. Of the 129 stool specimens of various species of animals analyzed, the presence of Cryptosporidium coproantigens is noted in 27 by the use of commercial kits from which 17 were confirmed by the detection of oocysts by staining. The soil grain size is ≤ 2 mm. There is an absence of oocysts in the leachate obtained from percolation tests. This result is due to the quality of soil samples and treatments. On the other hand, the tests reveal a static adsorption on the sand of oocysts confirmed by confocal microscopy observation. As for risk estimation, we defined two groups in the exposed population: immunocompetent and immunocompromised. It appears as expected a high risk for the immunocompromised. The results of our work, after all incomplete to assess the real impact of the movement of oocysts on the health of exposed populations, have nonetheless revealed the extent of the phenomenon and allowed us to consider possible remedial strategies to improve the quality of water available to people. For example, zeolites, which are natural materials, are excellent ion exchangers and their use in the treatment process of water contaminated with oocysts can probably generate a significant level of retention
Serbini, Bénédicte. "Gestion des crises de dette souveraine : vers une révision des seuils de vote des Clauses d'Actions Collectives." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598652.
Full textLagrange, Philippe. "La sous-traitance de la gestion coercitive des crises par le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POITA001.
Full textGonot, Bertrand. "Gestion et crises du "système eau" de 1964 à 1991 : le bassin de la Midouze (Aquitaine occidentale)." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU1006.
Full textThe 1964 water act was passed in order to regulate the social crises which shook the french "water system" in the early 1960s. Despite the measures taken, the persistent pollution, the growing lack of water, the development of detrimental flooding and the destruction of aquatic and humid environments all led to such an increase in the number of conflictual situations : thus new regulation at national level was necessary in the early 1990s (the 1992 water act). Research carried out on the midouze basin reveals the fundamental causes of such an increase in the entropy of the "water system". The effects of the socio-economical and technological transformations which occured after 1945 were three-fold: first, the development within society of an increasingly "aggressive" relationship as regards the hydrological systems; second, the disengagement of individuals where water management is concerned; third, the disintegration of solidarity which had previously united them. Consequently, extensive modifications in the state of water resources and of aquatic and humid environments were made, particularly after 1964; these transformations were deemed harmful and condemned by many groups of protagonists. The increasing entropy within the "water system" can be explained by an inadequate social regulation. On the one hand, the evolution of anthropological pressure exerted on the hydrological systems has been insufficiently controlled owing to the malfunctioning and inadequacy of the regulatory "instruments"; on the other hand, certain actions undertaken by the authorities to regulate the crises have been insufficient or inappropriate. To conclude, this research reveals that many of the crises studied have been - or are in the process of being - regulated thanks to actions carried out on a local scale by pressure groups
Maltais, Stéphanie. "La gestion résiliente des crises sanitaires dans les États fragiles : étude de la crise d’Ebola en Guinée." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39855.
Full textFoures, Franck. "De l'urgentisation des routines à la routinisation des urgences : vieilles maladies, nouvelles crises, simples alertes." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0061.
Full textBeyond the major sanitary crises, at the turn of the 21st century a multiple of more reduced and barely politicized crises have appeared, affecting this time the regular and usual activities of the services in charge of Public Health. Rabies and meningitis are two such diseases managed routinely in an almost autonomous way by specialized administrations throughout the second half of the 20th century and which appear suddenly in the form of crises, as from 2000s. These diseases and their various episodes acquire at first a new status and appear as crises because of a redefining of the stakes which they convey by new actors on the sanitary scene or by brutal renegotiations of their property/suitability between these same actors. The very clear increase of files so made visible at the national level is accompanied by a standardization of their practices of management connected to a coverage taken on by structures and specialized actors (InVS, missions and the department of sanitary emergencies). This work studies the impact of the changes of the sanitary scene which were decided after the major crises concerning the taking on and the management of the sanitary files. It concludes in a shape of everyday acceptance or in a global dynamic of the taming of certain forms of crises by a process "of urgentisation of the routines" accompanied by a progressive "routinisation of urgencies”
Badeig, Fabien. "Un environnement actif pour la simulation multi-agents : application à la gestion de crise dans les transports." Paris 9, 2010. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090027.
Full textIn this Ph. D thesis, we propose a model of multi-agent simulation, Eass (Environment as Active Support for Simulation). The originality of this model is to integrate the simulation process in the modeling of the system. When a simulation is designed, the system modeling merges with its implementation in a simulation platform because (1) the activation of agents is managed by a global scheduler and (2) the action phase of agents, which incorporates the action selection mechanism, depends in part on the simulation platform. Our proposal is to outsource the evaluation of the local context of each agent and the selection of agent behavior, managing this assessment in a central entity which is the environment. To achieve this objective, it was necessary to reify the link between the context of an agent and its behavior, thanks to the principle Property-based Coordination which allows the representation and management of information related to the system components. Thus, modeling the system necessitates not only to model the behavior of the agent but also to model the behavior of the simulation taking into account the scheduling process. We built a functional architecture based on our model Eass which details the specifications that a simulation platform has to implement in order to support our model. To illustrate this architecture, two simulation platforms were developed : the rest is based on a coupling of existing tools that are the agent platform MadKit and the expert system generator Jess, the second is a new simulation plateform developed to tackle the limits to the use of existing tools. The application of our simulation model is a problem of crisis management in transport. To model the problem, it was necessary to take into account the organizational and communication constraints arising from the need to involve different services with their own protocols to manage crisis. To address this problem, an extension of the organizational model Moise integrating the modeling of the communication dimension of the organization, is used. We have added the simulation modeling, including the definition of agent behaviors, to this organizational modeling
Vraie, Benoît. "Management sous stress : prise en compte du facteur "stress aigu" dans la gestion de crise : les impacts du stress aigu sur les capacités du décideur en situation de crise." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E002.
Full textThe integration of the "acute stress" factor in the problems of Human Management entails revisiting contributions and theories of Management Sciences, reexamining and shedding new light on fundamental concepts of Management. Thus, it appears that the performance and the capacity of restitution of skills acquired by individuals, depends directly on their level of stress. In fact, depending on the imbalance between the perception that a person has of the constraints imposed by his environment and the perception that he bas of his own resources in order to face them, it is possible that the level of stress generated allows an optimization of his behavior or in contrast, inhibits his abilities. Therefore, managers must be prepared to manage the crisis not only at technical and organizational levels, but also by taking into account the behavioral and psychological dimensions, including the "acute stress" factor. They must also bear in mind that the crisis can affect their own behavior as well as their colleague's behavior. For all these reasons, "acute stress" is one of the fundamental elements to be taken into account for authors who are interested in issues of crisis management, resilience and organizational reliability
Merisier, Gaston Georges. "Les effets du mode d'organisation de l'école et du style de gestion du directeur sur la progression scolaire des élèves en Haïti." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0007/NQ39374.pdf.
Full textDuval-Hamel, Jérôme. "La gestion des ressources humaines dans les opérations de fusion d'entreprises." Paris 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA020032.
Full textBoucher, Jean-Christophe. "LA PARTICIPATION DES ÉTATS À LA GESTION DES CRISES INTERNATIONALES (1946-2001). Entre raison d'État et raison humanitaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28576/28576.pdf.
Full textLi, Dan. "Entre le danger et l'opportunité, la gestion des crises par la diplomatie chinoise de 1949 à nos jours." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA111021.
Full textCâmara, Daniel. "Techniques pour le support des phases d'alerte et de gestion de crise des réseaux de sécurité civile." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00006044.
Full textThis thesis proposes a new set of techniques to enhance the coverage and organization of wireless mobile networks in the Public Safety context. Public Safety Networks (PSNs) are networks established by the authorities to either warn the population about an imminent catastrophe or coordinate teams during the crisis and normalization phases. A catastrophe can be defined as an extreme event causing a profound damage or loss as perceived by the afflicted people. PSNs have the fundamental role of providing communication and coordination for emergency operations. The thesis contribution concentrates mainly in the alert and in the crisis handling disaster management phases. The solution proposed in the thesis to help in the alert phase is based on opportunistic networks and uses the communication equipment available with people, and that will be soon available also in cars, to overcome the lack of coverage problem. This technique, which we call Virtual Access Points (VAPs), creates a distributed and cooperative cache among the mobile nodes in the affected area aiding the spreading of warning messages. The problem we address for the crisis handling phase is topology management and network admission control. We provide solutions for building stable and reliable network structures, which are crucial in the coordination of rescue teams during the most difficult and adverse situations
Hirtz, Laurence. "Les organisations de sécurité européennes et l'ONU dans le traitement des crises internationales depuis 1991." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR30008.
Full textThe end of the bipolar partition should announce a new world order based on democracy and peace, but the increasing of international crisis, especially from internal nature, incite the European security regime organizations (North Atlantic Treaty organization, West European Union, European Union, Organization for cooperation and security in Europe) to involve, individually or in collaboration with the United Nations, in handling such events. The United Nations, peace and security world guardian, can't assume this function alone and the European security organizations want to act in this matter. Therefore, after been defined as organizations under Chapter VIII from the UNO Charter, they have adapted their organisational and operational sttuctures and capacities, participating in this way at peace preservation. In a parallel direction they lead, alone or in collaboration, missions covering all range of the pacific settlement of conflicts and act for the consolidation of state order. The crisis nature implies the evolution of peacekeeping operations, whereas the European organizations lead traditional ones, the UNO create a third peacekeeping generation founded on chapter VII with a large range of duties. She invoke the same chapter in authorization resolutions for executing economic sanctions, whereas European Union decree some unilaterally against third states, and to assist to their application also with military assistance given from Nato. More over, Nato's unilateral action in Kosovo hunt out the debate about humanitarian intervention
Tremblay, Nicolas-Alexandre. "L'impact des mécanismes de coordination dans l'acheminement de l'aide humanitaire d'urgence sur le terrain : l'approche par Cluster dans la gestion des camps suivant le séisme haïtien de janvier 2010." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30440/30440.pdf.
Full textThis research project aims at measuring the effects of the cluster approach, as a mode of managing humanitarian interventions, on the coordination between different actors involved in the international response. When analysing the camp management cluster case that took place in response to the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, we focused on the evolution of the coordination mechanisms and the relations between the different actors who took part in the cluster. Our analysis encompasses the general management of this cluster as well as the management of actors on the field at the camp level. We evaluated the state of different principals inherent to the cluster approach to determine their effect on the resolution of coordination problems and, by extension, on the effectiveness of relief efforts. In hindsight, the track record shows mixed results in terms of resolution of these coordination problems. This is especially true when it comes to principals such as partnerships with the government and local actors, as well as accountability towards relief beneficiaries.