Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gestion des pannes'
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Abdallah, Maha. "Gestion transactionnelle dictatoriale : de la haute performance à la tolérance aux pannes." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001VERS0016.
Full textPley, Julien. "Protocoles d'accord pour la gestion d'une grille de calcul dynamique." Rennes 1, 2007. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2007/pley.pdf.
Full textWe present a middleware for dynamic grids where the federated resources are provided by different institutions. Within a domain, the resources interact in a synchronous manner. Interactions between resources belonging to different domains are asynchronous. Every machine or domain can join or leave the grid at any time; due to failures, or on purpose. We propose a fault-tolerant solution which takes advantage of this hierarchical structure to solve the grid membership problem and the load-balanced task allocation problem. Each service is the composition of a synchronous protocol and an asynchronous agreement protocol which is always a variation of the fundamental Consensus problem. We define the "insensitivity to erroneous suspicions"; a new metric to compare different Consensus protocols based on Diamond S failure detectors
Cherrared, Sihem. "Gestion des fautes dans les réseaux multi-tenants et programmables." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1S016.
Full textNetwork Functions Virtualization (NFV) is one promising attempt at solving some of the 5G challenges. NFV is about running network functions as virtualized workloads on commodity hardware. This may optimize deployment costs and simplify the life cycle management, but it introduces new challenges such as the dynamic network topology and the lack of visibility. In this thesis, we propose a self-modeling algorithm and an active diagnosis process to face these challenges. We define a dependency model learned from faults injection. The self-modeling and the active diagnosis approach was applied to the real-world virtual Ip Multimedia Subsystem (vIMS) use-case
Yu, Lei. "Management et tolérance aux pannes des services sur grilles informatiques pour l'intégration d'applications." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1072.
Full textGrid computing is analogous to the power grid in the way that computing resources will be provided in the same way as gas and electricity are provided to us now. Along with the deployment of more and more heterogeneous clusters, the problem of requiring middlewares to leverage existing IT infrastructure to optimize compute resources and manage data and computing workloads has emerged. Grid computing has become an increasingly popular solution to optimize resource allocation and integrate variable computing resources in highly charged IT environments. Several research efforts have been conducted to support the thesis that the Grid services oriented architecture is a suitable solution for realizing legacy scientific applications integration in a grid environment, and this structure can be used to build a scalable, robust and distributed integration system. A new approach for application integration is proposed, applying WS-Resource to wrap legacy applications into Grid services. Then a centralized meta-scheduler is implemented and a new scheduling algorithm, MWL, is proposed. With the meta-scheduler and MWL, jobs can be scheduled and mapped to the resources which have the minimum workload. In order to maintain job state in WS-Resource, WS-Resource properties are defined and are used to provide information for implementing more effective job scheduling (e. G. MCT). For large-scale application integration, a distributed, scalable and robust scheduling structure is proposed. In this structure, a two-step solution is described to solve the fault-tolerant issues: the scheduling algorithm level and the failure detection mechanism. The DDFT algorithm is a robust scheduling algorithm to ensure jobs submission and mapping even if there is a failure of scheduler or connection. Moreover a series of algorithms are proposed to detect the failed scheduler or connection and reconstruct automatically the scheduling structure. Finally, a simulator based on SimGrid is developed. This simulator can be used tosimulate different topologies of distributed scheduling system
Armaghan, Negar Renaud Jean. "Contribution à un système de retour d'expérience basé sur le raisonnement à partir de cas conversationnel application à la gestion des pannes de machines industrielles /." S. l. : INPL, 2009. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2009_ARMAGHAN_N.pdf.
Full textMedem, Kuatse Geneviève Amélie. "Conception de mécanismes d'amélioration de la gestion d'incidents dans les réseaux IP." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066041.
Full textKhalfi, Kamel. "Contribution à la spécification d'un réseau local temps réel, au suivi de son fonctionnement, au diagnostic des pannes et à la gestion des fonctionnements dégradés." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2034.
Full textArmaghan, Negar. "Contribution à un système de retour d'expérience basé sur le raisonnement à partir de cas conversationnel : application à la gestion des pannes de machines industrielles." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL026N/document.
Full textFaced with the fast technological development of products, incremental innovation of new products, and the mobility of their most experienced staff, companies are seeking to formalize and capitalize on the experiences and know-how of their personnel in order to reuse them later. To deal with these problems, the conversational case based reasoning (CCBR) approach is a potential answer to the question of capitalization and reuse of knowledge. Our research focuses on methods to manage experience feedback (EF). We are placed in the field of experience feedback applied to technical problem solving. Our methodology for creating aided failure diagnosis systems is divided into four phases: the events description, the development of all solutions to failures, the arrangement of a diagnostic aid through fault trees and setting up a computer system. We based our work on the fault tree approach in order to extract tacit knowledge and its formalization. Our objective was to create decision protocols in order to assist the expert in solving an industrial problem. Therefore, we have proposed a formulation and development of conversational cases in diagnosis. These cases must be memorised in a database of cases. To validate our proposal methodology, we have carried out the experimental phase in an industrial company in eastern France. This experiment allowed us to validate our work and highlight its advantages and limitations. Finally, we propose a computer model designed for the company. This model enables failure diagnosis by creating the case in a case base for later utilization
Singh, Mahendra. "Améliorer la performance opérationnelle du bâtiment avec intégration de la gestion réactive capacités de diagnostic." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT107/document.
Full textCurrently, indoor discomfort in dwellings is one of the crucial issues along with the building energy consumption. Indeed, people spend 60-90% of their lives in buildings. Indoor comfort plays a vital role in occupants health, productivity, and well-being. However, various optimization and rule-based anticipative or predictive building strategies have been proposed to achieve the perceived comfort taking into account the energy consumption. However, in practice, anticipation or plans are far from the reality. Usually, anticipative plans are synchronized with one-hour anticipation period and do not consider the various sources of discrepancies as well as current envelope configurations. Unbeknownst to many, discrepancies from different sources could cause big penalty over cost and comfort. To tackle this issue, building management system needs to be designed as reactive or almost with no planning so that it can respond to all discrepancies re-actively. To address this problem, a multi-scale Anticipative Reactive Diagnosing- Building Management System (ARD-BMS) is proposed in this dissertation. ARD-BMS is an internal management and performs three important actions i.e., Discrepancydetection, Cause isolation, and finally Corrective actions. ARD-BMS follow the short-time resolution i.e., 10-minute to analyze the fault trends and current the building dynamics and take necessary corrective actions to maintain the desired level of comfort. This thesis proposes a fast dynamics simplified reactive model that can be used to estimate the current status of the building. Modern buildings are very sophisticated system with a large number of sensors, controllers, and HVACs. Most of the building facilities are using a scheduled preventive maintenance services derived from periodic operations of the buildings. These preventive actions do not take into account the other inadmissible issues such as unplanned situations, weather prediction failures etc. These unplanned issues could cause unaccountable impacts over occupant’s comfort during the 24-hour operation cycle. Diagnosability of short-term discomfort causes is still a challenging job at whole building operation level. Furthermore, to analyze this situation the thesis proposes a diagnostic methodology for detection and isolation of cause (faults) in buildings. The proposed methodology includes a rule-based HAZOP (Hazard and Operability analysis) and model-based approach. Further, in order to oversee unplanned discomforts, a short-term reactive optimization has been proposed
Bouatit, Mohamed Nacer. "Optimisation du routage, tolérance aux pannes et gestion de l'énergie et de l'interférence pour la transmission des flux multimédia temps réel dans les réseaux de capteur sans fil." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1188/document.
Full textMultimedia applications in WSNs convey large data (image, audio and video) that requires high transmission rate and intensive treatment and therefore high energy consumption. Effectively transmit these heterogeneous flows, while ensuring their reliability and guaranteeing QoS requirements, with the limited resources available, especially in critical contexts, remains an open scientific problem. That is why, in this thesis, we are interested in aspects related to : routing, fault tolerance and interference management in WMSNs.Given the very low number of routing protocols, that have approached the experimental phase and still less those who approached it during data transmission in real time, we developed in this context, a geographic routing protocol baptised GNMF (Geographic Non-interfering Multipath Fault-tolerant),First, we improved node's selection mode used by the greedy-forwarding, to deal with local minimum problem, where a multi-criteria objective function (distance, energy and reception power) related to next-hop choice has been defined. Then, we introduced an optimization phase of built paths to eliminate loops and an adaptive approach to manage simultaneous traffic transmissions.After that, we oriented towards fault tolerance, to ensure transmitted data reliability and network connectivity. To this end, we modeled the number of lost packets during package delivery and proposed two mechanisms. The curative is used when sudden failures occurs and the preventive to anticipate batteries depletion. Both are combined with a dynamic failover strategy during alternative paths construction.Finally, we presented an interference model and a third mechanism that limits interactions between adjacent links. In addition, we also defined a path loss model in a multipairs environment (source, sink) and computed the error probability coefficient based on a distance function that separates the data flows. A new metric has been added in the objective function, related to noise sum of the active nodes that interferes on forwarding set nodes of the current node.Obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches that have been studied and validated both by simulation and on an experimental testbed
Bouatit, Mohamed Nacer. "Optimisation du routage, tolérance aux pannes et gestion de l'énergie et de l'interférence pour la transmission des flux multimédia temps réel dans les réseaux de capteur sans fil." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1188.
Full textMultimedia applications in WSNs convey large data (image, audio and video) that requires high transmission rate and intensive treatment and therefore high energy consumption. Effectively transmit these heterogeneous flows, while ensuring their reliability and guaranteeing QoS requirements, with the limited resources available, especially in critical contexts, remains an open scientific problem. That is why, in this thesis, we are interested in aspects related to : routing, fault tolerance and interference management in WMSNs.Given the very low number of routing protocols, that have approached the experimental phase and still less those who approached it during data transmission in real time, we developed in this context, a geographic routing protocol baptised GNMF (Geographic Non-interfering Multipath Fault-tolerant),First, we improved node's selection mode used by the greedy-forwarding, to deal with local minimum problem, where a multi-criteria objective function (distance, energy and reception power) related to next-hop choice has been defined. Then, we introduced an optimization phase of built paths to eliminate loops and an adaptive approach to manage simultaneous traffic transmissions.After that, we oriented towards fault tolerance, to ensure transmitted data reliability and network connectivity. To this end, we modeled the number of lost packets during package delivery and proposed two mechanisms. The curative is used when sudden failures occurs and the preventive to anticipate batteries depletion. Both are combined with a dynamic failover strategy during alternative paths construction.Finally, we presented an interference model and a third mechanism that limits interactions between adjacent links. In addition, we also defined a path loss model in a multipairs environment (source, sink) and computed the error probability coefficient based on a distance function that separates the data flows. A new metric has been added in the objective function, related to noise sum of the active nodes that interferes on forwarding set nodes of the current node.Obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches that have been studied and validated both by simulation and on an experimental testbed
Vidalenc, Bruno. "Méthodes d'autoréparation proactives pour les réseaux d'opérateurs." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835924.
Full textBoige, François. "Caractérisation et modélisation électrothermique compacte étendue du MOSFET SiC en régime extrême de fonctionnement incluant ses modes de défaillance : application à la conception d'une protection intégrée au plus proche du circuit de commande." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0084/document.
Full textNowaday, the challenge of the transition to carbon-free energy involves a systematic use of electrical energy with power electronics at the heart of the exchanges. To meet the challenges, power electronics requires increasingly high-performance devices to provide a high level of integration, high efficiency and a high level of reliability. Today, the power transistor, of the MOSFET type, made of silicon carbide (SiC) is a breakthrough technology that allows us to meet the challenges of integration and efficiency through their low level of loss and high switching speed. However, their limited reliability and low robustness at extreme operating conditions such as repetitive short-circuits are now hindering their expansion in industrial applications. In this thesis, an in-depth study of the short-circuit behaviour of an exhaustive set of commercial devices, describing all the structural and technological variants involved, was carried out on a specific test bench developed during the thesis, in order to quantify their short-circuit resistance. This study highlighted both generic and singular properties of SiC semiconductors for every Mosfet version such as a dynamic gate leakage current and a failure mode by a short-circuit grid-source leading, under certain conditions of use and for certain Mosfet structures, to a self-blocking drain-source. A systematic research of the physical understanding of the observed mechanisms was carried out by an approach combining an internal technological analysis of the failed devices and a fine electrothermal modelling. A compact electrothermal modeling extended to failure mode consideration has been established and implemented in circuit software. This model was confronted with numerous experimental results describing a short-circuit cycle up to failure. This model offers an interesting analytical support and also helps the design of protection circuits. Thus, as an application, a driver equipped with a digital processing part has been designed and validated in detection mode for several short-circuit scenarios but also potentially for the detection of the degradation of the power component grid. Other more exploratory work has also been carried out in partnership with the University of Nottingham to study the impact of repeated pulse short-circuit regimes on the aging of parallel chips with dispersions. The propagation of a first failure mode from a "weak" device was also studied. This work paves the way for the design of intrinsically safe and available converters by taking advantage of the atypical and original properties of SiC semiconductors and Mosfet in particular
Vidalenc, Bruno. "Méthodes d'autoréparation proactives pour les réseaux d'opérateurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TELE0025.
Full textNetwork providers attach a significant focus to fault-management. Indeed, availability and quality of service are highly important parameters in the competition between networks operators. Tthe involvement of human in the decision making process and the analyzing a huge amount of alarms and information, as well as the reactive nature of fault management mechanisms, do not allow the required reactivity for optimal management of incidents. This thesis focuses on proactive mechanisms which anticipate failures to improve the effectiveness of their management. Indeed, the failures are often preceded by alarms or symptomatic behaviors. Implementation, in equipment, of autonomous components capable of continuously analyzing the network health would enable to provide a real-time risk of failure information, required to deploy new proactive self-healing mechanisms. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the definition of architectural components necessary for the introduction of proactive self-healing functions. Then, in a second step, we study and analyze in detail three self-healing mechanisms exploiting a proactive risk-level of failure information. The first mechanism is designed to accelerate the convergence of link-state routing protocols by adjusting the frequency of sending failure detection messages function of the risk-level. The second mechanism dynamically tunes routing metrics in order to divert traffic flows from risky equipment and to minimize the failure incidence on traffic. Finally, the last proposition is dedicated to the recovery mechanisms of GMPLS protocol by dynamically adapting the resources consumption of recovery to the involved risks
Badonnel, Rémi. "Supervision des Réseaux et Services Ad-Hoc." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134382.
Full textGueye, Bassirou. "Services auto-adaptatifs pour les grilles pair-à-pair." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS017/document.
Full textResource management management worldwide distributed in several virtual organizations is a key issue.In this thesis, we propose a model for dynamic services management in large-scale peer-to-peer Grid environments.This model named P2P4GS, presents originality not to link peer-to-peer infrastructure to the execution services platform.In addition, the middleware is generic i.e. it able to be applied on any peer-to-peer architecture.Meanwhile, the increasing size of resources and users in large-scale distributed systems has lead to a scalability problem.To ensure scalability, we propose to organize the peer-to-peer Grid nodes in virtual communities so called clusters.The structuring approach is completely distributed, and only requires local knowledge about nodes neighborhood for election of cluster managers called ISP (Information System Proxy).On the other hand, in order orchestrate communications in the various virtual communities and also enable an efficient service discovery,during structuring process, a spanning tree only constituted of ISP is maintained. Therefore, search queries will be routed along the spanning tree.Besides the service discovery, we proposed service deployment, publication and invocation mechanisms.Finally, we implemented and analyzed the performance of P2P4GS.To illustrate that P2P4GS is generic, we implemented protocols that operating in fully different way. These protocols are Gia, Pastry and Kademlia.Performance tests show that, on the one hand, our approach provides good fault tolerance and ensures the scalability in terms of the clusters distribution and communication cost
Le, Bouder Gabriel. "Optimisation de la mémoire pour les algorithmes distribués auto-stabilisants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS002.
Full textSelf-stabilization is a suitable paradigm for distributed systems, particularly prone to transient faults. Errors such as memory or messages corruption, break of a communication link, can put the system in an inconsistent state. A protocol is self-stabilizing if, whatever the initial state of the system, it guarantees that it will return a normal behavior in finite time. Several constraints concern algorithms designed for distributed systems. Asynchrony is one emblematic example. With the development of networks of connected, autonomous devices, it also becomes crucial to design algorithms with a low energy consumption, and not requiring much in terms of resources. One way to address these problems is to aim at reducing the size of the messages exchanged between the nodes of the network. This thesis focuses on the memory optimization of the communication for self-stabilizing distributed algorithms. We establish in this thesis several negative results, which prove the impossibility to solve some problems under a certain limit on the size of the exchanged messages, by showing an impossibility to fully use the presence of unique identifiers in the network below that minimal size. Those results are generic, and may apply to numerous distributed problems. Secondly, we propose particularly efficient algorithms in terms of memory for two fundamental problems in distributed systems: the termination detection, and the token circulation
Knaff, Alain. "Conception et réalisation d'un service de stockage fiable et extensible pour un système réparti à objets persistants." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004998.
Full textKnaff, Alain. "Conception et réalisation d'un service de stockage fiable et extensible pour un système réparti à objets persistants." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1996. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00004998.
Full textSánchez, Vílchez José Manuel. "Cross-layer self-diagnosis for services over programmable networks." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0012/document.
Full textCurrent networks serve billions of mobile customer devices. They encompass heterogeneous equipment, transport and manage-ment protocols, and vertical management tools, which are very difficult and costly to integrate. Fault management operations are far from being automated and intelligent, where around 40% of alarms are redundant only around 1-2% of alarms are correlated at most in a medium-size operational center. This indicates that there is a significant alarm overflow for human administrators, which inherently derives in high OPEX due to the increasingly need to employ high-skilled people to perform fault management tasks. In conclusion, the current level of automation in fault management tasks in Telcos networks is not at all adequate for programmable networks, which promise a high degree of programmability and flexibility to reduce the time-to-market. Automation on fault management is more necessary with the advent of programmable networks, led by with SDN (Software-Defined Networking), NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) and the Cloud. Indeed, the arise of those paradigms accelerates the convergence between networks and IT realms, which as consequence, is accelerating faster and faster the transformation of cur-rent networks leading to rethink network and service management and operations, in particular fault management operations. This thesis envisages the application of self-healing principles in SDN and NFV combined infrastructures, by focusing on self-diagnosis tasks as main enabler of self-healing. The core of thesis is to devise a self-diagnosis approach able to diagnose at run-time the dynamic virtualized networking services and their dependencies from the virtualized resources (VNFs and virtual links) but also the dependencies of those virtualized resources from the underlying network infrastructure, taking into account the mobility, dynamicity, and sharing of resources in the underlying infrastructure
Malo, Sadouanouan. "Contribution à l'analyse d'ordonnançabilité des applications temps-réel multiprocesseurs." Phd thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00554234.
Full textWu, Hongying. "Contribution à la gestion et au contrôle de trajectoire d'un avion avec panne totale des moteurs." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951880.
Full textGeorgiou, Yiannis. "Contributions for resource and job management in high performance computing." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENM079.
Full textHigh Performance Computing is characterized by the latest technological evolutions in computing architectures and by the increasing needs of applications for computing power. A particular middleware called Resource and Job Management System (RJMS), is responsible for delivering computing power to applications. The RJMS plays an important role in HPC since it has a strategic place in the whole software stack because it stands between the above two layers. However, the latest evolutions in hardware and applications layers have provided new levels of complexities to this middleware. Issues like scalability, management of topological constraints, energy efficiency and fault tolerance have to be particularly considered, among others, in order to provide a better system exploitation from both the system and user point of view. This dissertation provides a state of the art upon the fundamental concepts and research issues of Resources and Jobs Management Systems. It provides a multi-level comparison (concepts, functionalities, performance) of some Resource and Jobs Management Systems in High Performance Computing. An important metric to evaluate the work of a RJMS on a platform is the observed system utilization. However, studies and logs of production platforms show that HPC systems in general suffer of significant un-utilization rates. Our study deals with these clusters' un-utilization periods by proposing methods to aggregate otherwise un-utilized resources for the benefit of the system or the application. More particularly this thesis explores RJMS level mechanisms: 1) for increasing the jobs valuable computation rates in the high volatile environments of a lightweight grid context, 2) for improving system utilization with malleability techniques and 3) providing energy efficient system management through the exploitation of idle computing machines. The experimentation and evaluation in this type of contexts provide important complexities due to the inter-dependency of multiple parameters that have to be taken into control. In this thesis we have developed a methodology based upon real-scale controlled experimentation with submission of synthetic or real workload traces
Sánchez, Vílchez José Manuel. "Cross-layer self-diagnosis for services over programmable networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0012.
Full textCurrent networks serve billions of mobile customer devices. They encompass heterogeneous equipment, transport and manage-ment protocols, and vertical management tools, which are very difficult and costly to integrate. Fault management operations are far from being automated and intelligent, where around 40% of alarms are redundant only around 1-2% of alarms are correlated at most in a medium-size operational center. This indicates that there is a significant alarm overflow for human administrators, which inherently derives in high OPEX due to the increasingly need to employ high-skilled people to perform fault management tasks. In conclusion, the current level of automation in fault management tasks in Telcos networks is not at all adequate for programmable networks, which promise a high degree of programmability and flexibility to reduce the time-to-market. Automation on fault management is more necessary with the advent of programmable networks, led by with SDN (Software-Defined Networking), NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) and the Cloud. Indeed, the arise of those paradigms accelerates the convergence between networks and IT realms, which as consequence, is accelerating faster and faster the transformation of cur-rent networks leading to rethink network and service management and operations, in particular fault management operations. This thesis envisages the application of self-healing principles in SDN and NFV combined infrastructures, by focusing on self-diagnosis tasks as main enabler of self-healing. The core of thesis is to devise a self-diagnosis approach able to diagnose at run-time the dynamic virtualized networking services and their dependencies from the virtualized resources (VNFs and virtual links) but also the dependencies of those virtualized resources from the underlying network infrastructure, taking into account the mobility, dynamicity, and sharing of resources in the underlying infrastructure
Benbouzid, Chérif. "Integrite semantique et reprise apres panne dans le sgbd rim." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF2D215.
Full textAnouar, Kamal. "La décision de distribution de la valeur créée par les entreprises du SBF250 : apports de la finance d'entreprise comportementale." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0015.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the explanation and understanding of payout policies through the study of the impact of behavioural imperfections on the decision to pay dividend in France. The purpose of research is available in two research questions: the first focuses on whether the persistence of managers to pay dividends is related to a better market valuation of companies reflecting prevailing uninformed investor preferences for dividend payers. The second research question aims to investigate whether the persistence of managers to pay dividends is related to biases of optimism and overconfidence that affect their decision to pay. Through quantitative and qualitative studies on data concerning the SBF250 companies, we show the relevance of this recent research framework. Indeed, the results from different Logit/Probit regressions show that investor demand for companies who pay dividends influence significantly the probability that a manager decide to initiate or to continue paying a dividend to shareholders in the case of a company characterized by a large size, high profitability and low debt levels. Furthermore, it appears by the content analysis made on the corpus of the "Messages des présidents" that the managers of the largest companies listed on the French market are more or less affected by the biases of overconfidence and optimism
Poblete, Tobar Óscar Antonio. "Modelo de negocio para la implementación de paneles fotovoltaicos domiciliarios." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114673.
Full textEste trabajo presenta un modelo de negocios para la implementación de paneles fotovoltaicos en casas nuevas construidas por empresas inmobiliarias, evaluando la factibilidad del negocio para casas con precios desde las UF 1500, ya sea en la Región Metropolitana o fuera de ella. En la investigación de mercado realizada se estimó la cantidad de viviendas construidas durante los años 2011 y el primer semestre de 2012, segmentándolas por precio, ubicación geográfica y por empresa constructora para luego definir el mercado objetivo. Se espera que el mercado nacional de ERNC implementadas en hogares crezca y se haga más dinámico en el mediano plazo. Esto avalado por la política energética impulsada por los últimos gobiernos así como por la creciente conciencia verde en la población. El modelo de negocios Canvas de Alexandre Osterwalder, utilizado en este trabajo establece cuatro áreas principales para un negocio, estas son: clientes, oferta, infraestructura y viabilidad financiera, las que son cubiertas por nueve bloques con el fin de hacer llegar la propuesta de valor a los clientes. El valor propuesto a las empresas inmobiliarias es mejorar su imagen por el uso de tecnologías amigables con el medio ambiente, agregar valor a sus construcciones haciéndolas más atractivas para el usuario final mediante el ahorro en el pago de la energía domiciliaria, y el pago de la instalación fotovoltaica a largo plazo junto con su casa. El costo de los componentes para las instalaciones es clave al momento de fijar el precio ofrecido a las empresas inmobiliarias y así rentabilizar el negocio. El precio de esta tecnología aun es relativamente superior a los convencionales y la tendencia mundial es a su disminución a medida que se logren avances en la eficiencia de los paneles y la disminución en los costos de producción, ya sea por el mejoramiento de la tecnología disponible en su fabricación o por economías de escala. Se realizaron simulaciones de flujos de caja para períodos de 10 años, suponiendo que se abarca el 2% del mercado meta el primer año, con un crecimiento de 50% los tres años siguientes, 25% para los siguientes tres años y de un 10% para los últimos tres años.
Toro, Reyes Felipe Andrés. "Plan de negocios para una empresa instaladora de paneles fotovoltaicos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/168378.
Full textEste trabajo de tesis tiene como objetivo diseñar un Plan de Negocios para una empresa que realice la instalación y mantención de sistemas fotovoltaicos, cuyo fin es crear valor al segmento de clientes del rubro industrial y comercial. Los continuos avances en la tecnología fotovoltaica, regulaciones a favor de las energías renovables no convencionales, la condición solar del país y la mayor conciencia por parte de la ciudadanía en el uso de energías limpias, contribuyen a evaluar la creación de una empresa que se dedique a la instalación y mantención de sistemas fotovoltaicos. La metodología comienza con analizar el sector de la industria, identificando los clientes potenciales, competencia, segmentación, entre otros. Luego, mediante un análisis PEST se detectan los factores más relevantes del entorno. A continuación, por medio de un análisis de las cinco fuerzas de Porter, se determina el nivel de competencia de la industria. Para identificar la propuesta de valor del Negocio, se utiliza el modelo Canvas de Alexander Osterwalder. Una vez identificada la propuesta de valor, se desarrolla el plan de marketing, plan organizacional, plan operacional y el plan financiero. Uno de los factores críticos del Modelo de Negocios, es la definición de la propuesta de valor, la que consiste en resaltar el beneficio económico de la instalación fotovoltaica (FV) y de la creación de una imagen amigable con el medio ambiente. Del Plan de Marketing, se obtiene una lista de potenciales clientes, los cuales se asignan y distribuyen por área geográfica a la fuerza de ventas. El Plan de ventas considera un aumento paulatino de las instalaciones FV y el primer año corresponde a promocionar la solución y beneficios a los clientes. La evaluación económica del Negocio demuestra que se trata de un negocio rentable, obteniendo un VAN de 130 MMUS$ y una TIR del 60%; para un periodo de evaluación de 5 años y una tasa de descuento del 17,5%. Sin embargo, para que sea exitoso, se requiere que la propuesta de valor sea transmitida por la fuerza de ventas. La recomendación es implementar este plan de negocios, debido a las condiciones del mercado actual y regulación vigente, se observa una gran oportunidad para desarrollar este Negocio. Como trabajo futuro, se recomienda ahondar en la factibilidad de importar y certificar parte del Suministro.
Vilaboa, Martínez Valeria Andrea. "Análisis y Caracterización del Mercado de los Paneles Solares en Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/103621.
Full textFeng, Dawei. "Efficient end-to-end monitoring for fault management in distributed systems." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017083.
Full textDelmas, Adrien. "Contribution à l'estimation de la durée de vie résiduelle des systèmes en présence d'incertitudes." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2476/document.
Full textPredictive maintenance strategies can help reduce the ever-growing maintenance costs, but their implementation represents a major challenge. Indeed, it requires to evaluate the health state of the component of the system and to prognosticate the occurrence of a future failure. This second step consists in estimating the remaining useful life (RUL) of the components, in Other words, the time they will continue functioning properly. This RUL estimation holds a high stake because the precision and accuracy of the results will influence the relevance and effectiveness of the maintenance operations. Many methods have been developed to prognosticate the remaining useful life of a component. Each one has its own particularities, advantages and drawbacks. The present work proposes a general methodology for component RUL estimation. The objective i to develop a method that can be applied to many different cases and situations and does not require big modifications. Moreover, several types of uncertainties are being dealt With in order to improve the accuracy of the prognostic. The proposed methodology can help in the maintenance decision making process. Indeed, it is possible to select the optimal moment for a required intervention thanks to the estimated RUL. Furthermore, dealing With the uncertainties provides additional confidence into the prognostic results
Li, Peng. "Formalisme pour la supervision des systèmes hybrides multi-sources de générateurs d'énergie répartie : application à la gestion d'un micro réseau." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00577099.
Full textLiu, Yinling. "Conception et vérification du système d'Information pour la maintenance aéronautique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI133.
Full textOperational support is one of the most important aspects of aeronautical maintenance. It aims to provide a portfolio of services to implement maintenance with a high level of efficiency, reliability and accessibility. One of the major difficulties in operational support is that there is no platform that integrates all aircraft maintenance processes in order to reduce costs and improve the level of service. It is therefore necessary to build an autonomous aircraft maintenance system in which all maintenance information can be collected, organized, analyzed and managed in a way that facilitates decision-making. To do this, an innovative methodology has been proposed, which concerns modelling, simulation, formal verification and performance analysis of the autonomous system mentioned. Three axes were addressed in this thesis. The first axis concerns the design and simulation of an autonomous system for aeronautical maintenance. We offer an innovative design of an autonomous system that supports automatic decision making for maintenance planning. The second axis is the verification of models on simulation systems. We propose a more comprehensive approach to verifying global behaviours and operational behaviours of systems. The third axis focuses on the analysis of the performance of simulation systems. We propose an approach of combining an agent-based simulation system with the “Fuzzy Rough Nearest Neighbor” approach, in order to implement efficient classification and prediction of aircraft maintenance failures with missing data. Finally, simulation models and systems have been proposed. Simulation experiments illustrate the feasibility of the proposed approach
Mingant, Rémy. "Optimisation de la gestion de charge d’une nouvelle technologie d’accumulateur Li-ion pour applications renouvelables." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0110.
Full textThe PhD thesis goal is to study the needed modifications of the lead-acid battery management of photovolvaïque
Xie, Xiaolan. "Contrôle hiérarchique d'un système de production soumis à perturbations." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10092.
Full textLi, Peng. "Formalisme pour la supervision des systèmes hybrides multi-sources de générateurs d’énergie répartie : application à la gestion d’un micro réseau." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ECLI0006/document.
Full textA microgrid is a promising future network architecture which is coupling the various generators and consumers in a distribution network. This hybrid multi-source system is composed of at least one conventional generation unit and possibly a storage unit and/or a production unit based on renewable energies. Using this structure allows an immediate minimization of the losses by the energy transport, a greater reliability of power delivery and an ability to provide a high power quality energy. In this paper, we study a microgrid based on the use of a micro gas turbine, a photovoltaic array and supercapacitors. All these sources are coupled to the microgrid by power electronic converters and are interconnected to a microgrid central controller. Some local controllers and the microgrid central controller are used for the studied microgrid to achieve its operation optimization. Therefore, the first part of this thesis is devoted to establish a formalism method for a systematic design of local controllers. The second part of this thesis is devoted to the management of all these production and storage units, in order to optimize the microgrid operating. Simulation and testing results validate our design of the microgrid controllers
Briheche, Yann. "Optimisation du maillage de la veille sur radar à balayage électronique à panneau fixe." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDN0036.
Full textModern radars are complex systems, capable of multiple functions: scanning, tracking, identification, etc. With the advent of electronic and digital technologies, radars can dynamically and freely sweep their surroundings using fixed-panels, freeing them from the limitations of mechanical rotation. With increasingly intelligent and adaptable systems competing in modern warfare in ever shorter time, careful management of the radar available time-budget is required to achieve desired performances and ensure civilian and military safety. In this context, optimization of radar search pattern time-budget must exploit modern radars full potential. This thesis main accomplishments are the mathematical modelling of radar search pattern optimization, the identification and development of appropriate tools for its solving, and the exploration of the model possibilities. Radar search pattern design can be related to covering problems in combinatorial optimization. Radar covering can be solved using methods based on dynamic programming and integer programming, and can furthermore be extended to account for more complex situations with multiple operational constraints. The tools developed in this thesis provide a powerful and flexible framework for solving radar covers problems. This framework opens interesting research avenues for improving radar performances. It offers various possible applications for aided-design of radar search patterns, simulation of new radar architectures performances, and development of cognitive radar systems capable of adapting in real time to the operational environment
Bou, Orm Bahaa. "Responsabilité sociétale des entreprises et performances financières : le rôle de la réputation de l'entreprise." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL2006.
Full textOur study seeks to describe how the interactions between CSR and financial performance are affected based on the theory of resource-based view (RBV) and the instrumental view of stakeholder theory while considering CSR as a public good which constitutes a coherent extension of the general interest and which contributes to the maximization of social well-being. We are testing the role of corporate reputation concerning the relationship of CSR to financial performance. Empirically, we use panel data of 7 years (2006-2012) for 324 US companies. CSR is measured according to ESG performance criteria (environmental, social and governance) by the MSCI Extra-Financial Rating Agency. Regarding the financial performance, we use a market measure (Tobin's Q) and an accounting measure (ROE). The results emphasize the existence of a relation that has the shape of a virtuous circle between CSR and financial performance with the market measure of financial performance. As for reputation, the present study shows that it has a significant impact on the relation of CSR to financial performance. The results also emphasize that the significant positive relationship of CSR to financial performance can be found particularly in social performance and governance performance. Our study indicates the governance and environmental performances likewise the performance which can influence the reputation of the company
Labsis, Djed. "Détermination, évaluation et gestion du taux de change : analyse à l'équilibre de long terme pour un pays en développement exportateur de pétrole : le cas de l'Algérie." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0164.
Full textConducted in the framework of economic modeling, the current thesis attempts to study the behavior of the exchange rate in a developing country almost exclusively depending on oil exports, the example of Algeria. To do this, two main angles analysis are privileged. Firstly, our approach is to determine theoretically and evaluate empirically a level of equilibrium real exchange rate, which focuses on the articulation between two dimensions, namely economic (first part) and political (second part) dimensions. Secondly, our analysis is to suggest a theatrical choice of the optimal exchange rate regime (third part). The first part of this thesis (chapters 1, 2 and 3) examines the economic aspect of the problem. After dealing with the concept of exchange rate, and tracing back its main equilibrium approaches (PPA, FEER [DEER], NATREX, BEER), in this theoretical review the relationship between the equilibrium exchange rate and its economic fundamentals vector (first step of "BEER") is stressed through a general equilibrium models. Empirically, the "cointegration" analysis (second step of "BEER") allows evaluating the misalignments of exchange rate of Algerian dinar. The second part (chapters 4 and 5), looking at political aspect of the problem, addresses the link between the management of the oil profits and exchange rate movements. Our theoretical review allows studying the institutional role of the State (defined in terms of redistributing of oil rents), in determination of long-run real exchange rate. Descriptive and empirical analysis for the case of Algeria, permit to emphasis the institutional implications (the quality of political governance) on behavior of exchange rate of Algerian dinar. The last part (chapter 6) focuses on exchange rates management. It addresses the history, the typology, and the perspectives of international exchange rate systems, as well as the link between the choice of exchange regimes and the economic performance. The specification of small oil rich economy (example of Algeria), is a motivating factor to propose a macroeconomic model targeting, in which the determination of Optimal Currency Baskets allows the achievement of economic stabilization objectives
Mkahl, Rania. "Contribution à la modélisation, au dimensionnement et à la gestion des flux énergétiques d’un système de recharge de véhicules électriques : étude de l’interconnexion avec le réseau électrique." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0264/document.
Full textThe strong dependence on oil and ecological and environmental constraints force many car manufacturers to develop new research programs for the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) and associated infrastructures. The embedded batteries into the EVs can be charged by the electrical network or by another source of renewable energy. In this context, the work presented in this thesis aims to study a system of EVs charging using solar energy through photovoltaic panels. To do so, a sizing study of the system has been proposed in order to evaluate the energy needs for an EV and determine the quantity of required energy for its propel. The key elements of the system have been sized: photovoltaic panels, storage battery (Lead-acid) and traction battery (Li-ion). From this sizing study and considering the EV characteristics, we determined the energy quantity required for itspropel. With the aim to study the behavior of each system component and analyze its adequacy with the charging process, a modeling study was conducted, and each element is represented by a mathematical model. The performed analysis and comparison of obtained results (simulation results and experimental results) allowed us to validate the developed models. In addition, this modeling study, allowed the validation of the choice of all components of charging system. In fact, the problem was formalized by a linear program with the aim to assign each EV to an adequate charging station. The assignment takes into account various constraints and characteristics of EVs, as well as those of charging stations, traffic conditions, interest points of drivers, etc. The proposed approach allowed to assign adequately and optimally EVs to charging stations while satisfying all constraints
Cárdenas, Uriarte Juan Carlos, Ríos Maira Alexandra Chiriboga, Izurieta Luis Manuel Correa, Cieza Yasser Leonardo Iparraguirre, and Castillo Giancarlo Iván Qquesuhuallpa. "Mejora de la Cadena de Abastecimiento para Paneles en proyectos de construcción dentro del Sector Retail, Caso de estudio: Centro de Distribución de Punta Negra." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655730.
Full textThis research work allows us to analyze the supply chain that includes the inbound logistics and the operation of the panel coatings of the P&C PERU company within the Retail sector in all its dimensions and also identifying the critical causes and proposing improvements to see the results of the organization and its level competition within the local market , in such a way, the general objective is: to reduce delays and economic losses in the supply and installation of facade panels (coverage) for future projects within the organization, for this, it is taken as a basis the study of a project located in Punta Negra in which the diagnosis of the current situation will be made through a Process flow diagram and a Value Stream Mapping (VSM) where we can show the critical causes that deserve strategies to implement such as the use of PMBOK®, Process Management, Lean Management, Supply Chain Management, KPI's. Finally, we will indicate the conclusions and the recommendations detected after the development of this research work.
Trabajo de investigación
ARTAZ, Roberto. "Collecting effectively information from people in web: a marketing challenge for social sciences." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/26709.
Full textRaison, Bertrand. "Détection et localisation de défaillances sur un entraînement électrique." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0079.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to provide solutions for the fault détection and isolation in electrical drives and especialîy induction drives. The considered faults may affect the machine, the converter, the mechanical part and the sensors. The variable speed drive is controlled by a rotor flux vector control loop and a speed loop. Using the results of the fault characterisation, obtained from simulations or experiments, two approaches are proposed. The first one is based on signal processing tools. The variable speed problem is overcome : measures are sampled synchronously with the mechanical position or the rotating field position. The second approach is based on analytical redundancy tools for fault détection and localisation purpose. Extended state observers (extended Kalman filter, model référence adaptive system) are studied and tested experimentally. In order to carry out the fault isolation, unknown input observers are proposed. Approaches are introduced to constitute a global monitoring System combining the developed tools. Some are based on logicat combinations and others on neural networks
Bou, Orm Bahaa. "Responsabilité sociétale des entreprises et performances financières : le rôle de la réputation de l'entreprise." Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL2006.
Full textOur study seeks to describe how the interactions between CSR and financial performance are affected based on the theory of resource-based view (RBV) and the instrumental view of stakeholder theory while considering CSR as a public good which constitutes a coherent extension of the general interest and which contributes to the maximization of social well-being. We are testing the role of corporate reputation concerning the relationship of CSR to financial performance. Empirically, we use panel data of 7 years (2006-2012) for 324 US companies. CSR is measured according to ESG performance criteria (environmental, social and governance) by the MSCI Extra-Financial Rating Agency. Regarding the financial performance, we use a market measure (Tobin's Q) and an accounting measure (ROE). The results emphasize the existence of a relation that has the shape of a virtuous circle between CSR and financial performance with the market measure of financial performance. As for reputation, the present study shows that it has a significant impact on the relation of CSR to financial performance. The results also emphasize that the significant positive relationship of CSR to financial performance can be found particularly in social performance and governance performance. Our study indicates the governance and environmental performances likewise the performance which can influence the reputation of the company
Li, Xiaoming. "Développement d'une méthode connexionniste pour la détection et le diagnostic de défauts de systèmes de chauffage." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529470.
Full textGaptia, Maï Moussa Lawan. "Gestion optimale d'énergie électrique à partir des sources d'énergies renouvelables dédiées aux sites isolés Power control for decentralized energy production system based on the renewable energies — using battery to compensate the wind/load/PV power fluctuations Three level Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverter Control Strategy using SVPWM for Multi-Source System Applications Wind turbine and Batteries with Variable Speed Diesel Generator for Micro-grid Applications." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMLH28.
Full textThe thesis works are part of the research work of the thematic team: Mastery of Renewable Energies and Storage Systems (MERS) of the GREAH-EA3220 laboratory. They include the dimensioning of the constituent elements of the system and the optimal management of electrical energy for a hybrid system (Variable speed Diesel, Wind, PV and Batteries) dedicated to isolated sites. Power sources supply loads through multi-level converters of power electronics. The generator set with a variable speed diesel engine is considered to be the main source of energy used to control the DC voltage at the coupling point. This type of generator is chosen to optimize fuel consumption. It is used to deliver an electrical power compatible with the engine speed which does not tolerate frequent and rapid variations. Renewable energy sources whose share of energy is sought to meet demand are managed so as to instantly extract the maximum power available from resources (sunshine, wind). These thus impose their dynamics and their intermittences at the coupling point. The battery pack is used to compensate for rapid fluctuations in energy from renewable energy sources compared to a slower evolution supported by the generator. Interactions within the resulting hybrid electrical system are managed by means of multi-level static converters (AC / DC, DC / DC and DC / AC). An electrical energy management approach based on the frequency distribution of disturbances induced at the coupling point by renewable sources. An experimental platform on a reduced scale (1/22) has been developed to experimentally validate theoretical approaches and simulations. The results of simulations obtained in the Matlab / Simulink / SimPowerSystems software environment and those from the experimental device produced and piloted by dSPACE-1104 prove the adequacy of the proposed control methods
Sanlaville, Éric. "Conception et analyse d'algorithmes de liste en ordonnancement preemptif." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066325.
Full textRehder, Haraldo. "Fatores críticos de sucesso de projetos automotivos com fornecedores: estudo de casos de desenvolvimentos sucessivos de painéis para veículos comerciais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-18092006-180339/.
Full textThe worldwide development of the Automotive Industry, as well as the Brazilian one, is characterized by the increase of importance of common projects of the automotive industries and their suppliers, which have passed from merely part suppliers to partners of development and technology, sharing investment and risks, transforming the project management with suppliers into a strategic factor of huge importance for the automotive industries. To investigate the critical success factors of Brazilian Automotive Project Management, it was studied three successive development projects of panels for commercial vehicles occurred between 1988 and 2002 in an important automotive industry. Based on literature research related to Quality, Project Management and Supplier Management, it was defined the application of the EFQM Project Excellence Model to research and classify the critical success factors of those projects. Participants of the three projects and stakeholders at different levels from the Automotive Industry and their Suppliers were interviewed and through the critical incident methodology, were detected the main positive factors, that lead to success and the main negative factors that lead to unsuccessfulness of the projects. The classification of those factors in Criteria and Categories allowed a systematic comparison of the projects and the definition of the critical success factors and the success factors. Research of the literature and interviews with participants on panel ´s development projects in other Automotive Industries showed the same tendencies of the three projects, which emphasized the increased responsibilities of the suppliers regarding the development and supplying of systems based on simultaneous engineering and co design. These researches showed the applicability of the Project Excellence Model Criteria in the classification of the projects critical success factors and success factors and also showed the necessity of a subdivision, in Categories.
Tabanjat, Abdulkader. "Modélisation, commande et supervision d'un système multi-sources connecté au réseau avec stockage tampon de l'énergie électrique via le vecteur hydrogène." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0266/document.
Full textThe limited reserves of fossil fuel and the pollution gases produced pave the way to promising alternativeRenewable Energy Sources (RESs) such as Solar Energy Sources (SESs) and Wind Energy Sources (WESs).SESs and WESs are freely available and environmentally friendly. However, RESs are intermittent in nature.Therefore, the smoothing of power fluctuations by storing the energy during periods of oversupply and restore it tothe grid when demand becomes necessary. Accordingly, Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) can be appropriatelyused for this purpose.Using several energy sources for constructing HPSs alongside with ESS will require an energy managementstrategy to achieve minimum HPS cost and optimal balance between energy generation and energy consumption.This energy management method is a mechanism to achieve an ideal energy production and to conveniently satisfythe load demand at relatively high efficiency.In this thesis, a Hybrid Power System (HPS) including Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) such as main sourcescombined with Gas Micro-Turbine (GMT) and hydrogen storage system such as Back-up Sources (BKUSs) hasbeen presented. The aim of this hybridization is to build a reliable system, which is able to supply the load andhaving the ability to store the excess energy in hydrogen form and reuse it later when demanded. Consequently, thestored energy at the end of each cycle will be zero and a minimum generated power cost is achieved. In addition,partial shading problem of Photovoltaic (PV) panels is comprehensively studied and a new solution based on simpleswitches and Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) integrated into dSPACE electronic card is created. Consequently, a realtime PV panels reconfiguration and disconnecting shaded ones is performed and minimum power losses isachieved. Then, the PV panels are connected to a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyser (PEM ELS). Theemitted temperature by the PV panels is transferred to the endothermic element PEM ELS. Consequently, anefficiency enhancement of the hybrid system PVPEM ELS is realized
Buchheit, Pauline. "Le recueil de multiples finalités de l'environnement en amont d'un diagnostic de vulnérabilité et de résilience : Application à un bassin versant au Laos." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IAVF0008.
Full textLao PDR is a landlocked country with low population density, which stands nowadays in a process of regional economic integration, after suffering wars related to decolonization and Cold War during several decades. A very fast economic growth, based on the development of infrastructures of transport and natural resource exploitation, has led to large differentiated impacts on populations and their resource based livelihoods. The concepts of resilience and vulnerability have been used in different disciplines to analyze and manage the dynamics of geographical areas and social groups facing rapid and uncertain changes. Both concepts are used within a variety of frameworks of analysis of society-environment relationships. While all reviewed frameworks take into account multiple scales of analysis in order to tackle the complexity of the studied phenomena, they do not, however, assess vulnerability and resilience at the same scales. In particular, some frameworks are actor-centered, while others are system-centered. The scale and limit of the socioecological system whose resilience or vulnerability is assessed depend on the issues that the authors want to tackle. Before such an assessment, it seems necessary to identify the issues of resilience and vulnerability that we want to address. This task should not be taken over by scientists alone, but by other stakeholders as well. The question is: how can we incorporate multiple viewpoints in the system design? For this, our framework considers a socioecological system both as a specific representation of the environment offered by a stakeholder, and as a set of elements contributing to one function. This system is organized in a hierarchy of levels of observation, in which each level corresponds to an intermediary function. We developed and tested a process to collect system representations of the environment from various stakeholders, that is to say, the way they structure a socioecological system that makes sense to them, according to the purposes that they assign to their environment. This approach has been tested in the catchment area of the Nam Lik river, Fuang district, Vientiane province, where the Nam Lik 1-2 hydropower dam was built in 2010. A series of workshops were held with residents of the study area, employees of local government and Lao National University teachers. At the earliest stage of a vulnerability or resilience assessment in the field study, this thesis proposes a reflection on the possible framings of these concepts, as well as methods to collect them from multiple stakeholders