Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gestion des ressources en eau – Aspect économique'
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Gardeisen, Philippe. "Pour une approche intégrée de la gestion de la qualité de l'eau : le cas du bassin versant de l'Hérault." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON10033.
Full textThe water quality management remains widely an unexplored domain. So, the traditional planning ways take imperfectly into account the interactions between the economical sphere and the natural environment. It's especially the case for the water quality in the herault valley. After the analysis of the water system of the valley and of the imbalances concerning the economical development and the superficial water quality, the examination of the valley development project and the herault river contract put forward the necessity of an integrated way of the water quality management. Two ways are so explorated : the first one is an adaptation of a physical representation model of the flows, applied to water management in the basin of the palavas lagoons ; the second one, way out of our thought about the herault valley, try to integrate the both projects by bringing on a water quality simulation model
Dalmas, Laurent. "Rôle de la tarification dans une gestion efficace des ressources en eau : application à la demande résidentielle en eau potable des réseaux publiques slovaques." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0056.
Full textThis study analyzes the effects of pricing upon the evolution of residential demand of water provided by public networks. The applied part of this study deals with the Slovak Republic, an economy in transition. The Slovak authorities recently decided to change the way of managing the public networks of water, symbolised until now by marginal cost pricing of this firm in a natural monopoly position generating losses, although this former pricing policy (thanks to the implementation of a cross-subsidies policy between groups of users) was meant to protect the residential consumers from the effects of transition. The econometrical analysis of Slovak residential water demand, carried out on two different samples (1994-1998 and 1999-2001), and using specific methods with panel data, reveals a low coefficient of price elasticity for each of them (respectively -0. 21 and -0. 41) in spite of a consistent rise. The first sample nevertheless reveals also a negative but surprisingly more important coefficient of income elasticity (-0. 53), whose origin could lie in the fact that the fast growth in the general standard of living would permit the households to renew a stock of electric household appliances which use less water. The analysis, also carried out in terms of income class reveals through both samples that the price elasticity of demand seems to decrease in direct relation to the level of income, thus meaning that the most modest consumers are the most sensitive to strong variations of prices, which originally aimed to balance the losses faced by the national public network company. These results are in contradiction with those drawn from the theoretical analysis upon the reactions of multifunction goods' demand, but which has been inspired by the observations based on the individual behaviours within a traditional market economy. Changes in water pricing policy is then potentially likely to worsen the social inequalities, without managing the resource in a more sustainable way and without developing the infrastructures in the most neglected rural areas
Amorsi, Natacha. "La gestion durable de l'eau : l'apport de la Matrice de le Délibération à l'évaluation économique. Etude de cas: la nappe des calcaires de Champigny." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS044S.
Full textThe characterisation of water is strongly related to the functions and services delivered by the water. Nevertheless, a consensual approach relies on the fact that “the water is not a private good as the others”. Therefore the analysis of the natural capital ‘water’ challenges the standard economic approaches. The market mechanisms are not efficient for goods that are non exclusive and non rival. Environmental governance issues are characterised by uncertainty and complexity often embedded in incomplete information. In the context of the sustainable development which supports to reconcile the economic, social and environmental dimensions, one major challenge is the public participation in the water policy. Non expert knowledge should enhance scientific knowledge for two main reasons: in order to complete the information as well as to raise the social acceptability of water management measures. Our research explored how deliberative approach organised with virtual tools support the economic evaluation for water sustainable management. We showed multi-criteria analysis is complementary to cost benefit and cost effective analysis, highlighting their capacities to mobilise and structure different kind of knowledge. The first version of the Deliberation Matrix has been developed for our case study: Champigny aquifer. The concept is embedded in a multi-criteria and multi-actors analysis structured with governance issues and potential futures of the aquifer. The transposition of the concept to the deliberation tool Champigny DST answers some of the Science Society Interface challenges
Charaf, Eddine Maged. "L' économie des ressources hydrauliques au Proche Orient : de la surexploitation à la coopération." Littoral, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DUNK0199.
Full textWater is a major strategic issue in the Near East. It is permanently a source of confict. This thesis sets out to study its causes and consequences in four chapters. Indeed, free access to hydraulic resources (common property) in a context of competition results in the medium term in their overexploitation, thus their exhaustation. It is this scientific mystery which is examined here with the aid of models and theories highlighting the necessity for coordination. This demonstration takes up a great part of the author’s line of argument (chapters 1 and 2 and part of chapter 3). Hence, this thesis introduces us to the idea that water is fundamentally “an international public property”. Due to its hybrid nature, its control cannot be entrusted solely to the laws of the free market and the appetites of individuals and nations. Taking it away from the power of the strong, the author then invites us to adopt processes of cooperation involving negotiation, dialogue, participation, partnerships, etc. It is this institutional paradigm which is applied to the empirical case in this these. Indeed, the Near East is a good laboratory for this type of issue since water as resource is extremely scarce. This relative scarcity generates conflicts and strategies for countries in the region. The whole final chapter describes the inherent threats in the overexploitation of this resource in an arid region and the attempt to avoid the effects by genuine regional harmony
De, Bonviller Simon. "Empirical essays on water markets." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAB025.
Full textWater markets have been suggested by the literature as potential tools to manage water demand in a context of water scarcity. They are meant to improve water use efficiency while offering water users additional risk management strategies and can be used to redirect water towards the environment. While the theoretical literature dedicated to water markets is plethoric, the empirical aspect has long been neglected, often because of the limited number of available case studies and data paucity. This empirical thesis dissertation focuses on one particular case: the Australian water markets, which are among the most advanced water markets in the world. Four general themes are discussed: economic impacts of water markets in Australia (Chapter 1), potential market failures and particularly insider trading (Chapter 2), their functioning in practice (Chapter 3) and considerations related to the adoption of such systems in France (Chapter 4). Without any pretentions to exhaustivity, the objective of this thesis is to improve our knowledge on these potential water management tools
David-Melon, Valérie. "La redevance ressource : analyse critique et applications." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32006.
Full textBordonneau, Marie-Agnès. "Regard juridique sur la double nature de l'eau." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX32063.
Full textThe subject of this research is water; more precisely the water intended for a particular use: provisioning of the public. How to provide to the public water of good quality and under conditions economically, socially and ecologically acceptable? This interrogation is the discussion thread which guides us throughout this study. And the answer which we try to bring is that it is necessary to include/understand, respect and integrate in any regulation applying to it, the double nature of water. Water has, in addition to its obvious environmental value, a social value, a medical value but also an economic value. The UE directive of October 23rd 2000 affirms with force in its very first article: “Water is not a product like the others but an inheritance which is necessary to protect, defend and treat like such”. This formulation synthesizes perfectly the double nature of water. It reminds us that water has an undeniable economic nature - a commercial product- while underlining the specificity of this good- this is not a product like the others because it is also a common inheritance -specificity which justifies a particularly protective status in order to preserve this vital resource for mankind. These are these two aspects of which we will treat respectively in the two parts of this study: water : a vital resource / water: an economic value. The water provision, the economic issues of the services of water, will then be considered like indissociable of a policy of protection of the resource, only capable to guaranty a perennial provisioning and a water of quality
Blanc, Nicolas. "L'eau et l'intégration européenne : essai sur le temps, l'espace et les stratégies des acteurs." Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE21012.
Full textVaucelle, Sandrine. "La gestion de l'eau facturée à Bordeaux et en Gironde : production, consommation et épuration d'un bien disputé." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30073.
Full textThe public service of invoiced water (drinkable water supply and purification) meets the demand of the consumers who want to be able to get high quality water continuously and profusely. A technical system was gradually organised in Bordeaux from the second half of the 19th century. First a water supply network was built. Later the town had to install a draining system and then a purification system for the urban effluents that kept increasing as new European sanitary conditions were voted. Invoiced water is now nearly exclusively managed by the state organisation for water supply. A lot of contracts are signed between la Lyonnaise des Eaux and towns or public companies common to several towns (EPCI). La Lyonnaise des Eaux has been established in the suburbs of Bordeaux since 1906. A hundred years later, as the leading operator in the area (département), the firm sells water to a million people in the Gironde (three inhabitants out of four, a town out of two). However this public- private partnership lead to a few excessive situations. From 1990 consumers as well as the 'Chambre Régionale des Comptes' started taking issue over the soaring prices and urged public authorities to have a better control over their proxies and to renegotiate some signed contracts. There is also an environmental issue concerning ground waters that are too much used and are likely to be 'salinized'. That's why a joint management , gathering all the users of this resource, is being organised in Bordeaux according to a development and management plan (SAGE), imposing limits to public supply
Carrière, Isabelle. "Evaluation économique du programme d'aménagement hydro-agricole du Bas-Rhône-Languedoc." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON10040.
Full textOssombo-Yombo, Rémy. "La gestion de l'eau potable dans les grandes agglomérations d'Afrique Centrale : contribution à l'étude d'un service public confronté à la mondialisation." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2007_in_ossombo_yombo_r.pdf.
Full textThe Central Africa is a area which knowns big problems on distribution of drinkable water. If some improvements intervened down 1980 years, globally, the public utility miss financing and best government context for saving consumers rights. The exploitation of drinkable water is fragilized by the power of international financial organizations which impose private management to states. This model is not profitable for people but for international societies of water. The state of drinkable water service confirms the failures of several politics lead by the states of this area and the international community
Calvo-Mendieta, Iratxe. "L'économie des ressources en eau : de l'internalisation des externalités à la gestion intégrée : l'exemple du bassin versant de l'Audomarois." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011495.
Full textCe constat constitue le point de départ de ce travail de thèse, dont l'objectif est de mener une réflexion approfondie sur la gestion des ressources en eau dans une double perspective, analytique et normative. Tout d'abord, la visée analytique de cette recherche a trait aux conflits d'usage dans le domaine de l'eau. Face aux limites des approches théoriques standard pour l'appréhension des spécificités de l'eau et de l'ensemble des dimensions liées aux conflits dans ce domaine (dynamiques collectives, représentations sociales des usages, dimension territoriale...) il s'agit de mettre en évidence une grille théorique permettant d'étudier ces relations conflictuelles dans toutes leurs dimensions – et en premier lieu leurs facteurs déterminants. Par ailleurs, il convient de s'interroger, selon une perspective davantage normative, sur le contenu de la notion de gestion intégrée des ressources en eau.
Ainsi, nous défendons la thèse que la définition d'une gestion intégrée des ressources en eau implique : un régime institutionnel de ressources en eau intégré (forte cohérence entre politiques publiques et droits de propriété/usage et forte étendue), la reconnaissance et compréhension des conflits d'usage et de leur dépassement et la transversalité des politiques publiques ayant une influence sur l'eau, notamment les politiques de gestion de l'espace.
Nous faisons appel à quatre outils théoriques complémentaires : le modèle des « cités » de Boltanski et Thévenot (1991), l'approche patrimoniale, l'économie de la proximité et le régime institutionnel de ressources. La combinaison de ces constructions théoriques nous conduit à une grille analytique pertinente pour rendre compte de l'émergence, du déroulement et de la gestion des conflits d'usage autour des ressources en eau et aider à la définition normative d'une gestion intégrée. Afin de tester empiriquement cette grille analytique, nous étudions le bassin versant de l'Audomarois (Nord – Pas-de-Calais). Il s'agit d'étudier la mise en œuvre de la gestion de l'eau à une échelle spatiale locale, le bassin versant étant considéré comme l'unité territoriale pertinente de cette gestion.
Viavattene, Christophe. "Exploitation socio-économique de la modélisation souterraine du transfert des nitrates à l'échelle du bassin de la Seine." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001750.
Full textDuchesne, Jean-Louis. "Vers une gestion intégrée des eaux de l'Amour : Le cas de la rivière Songhua, en Chine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24885/24885.pdf.
Full textChina’s spectacular economic growth of China is changing the face of the world. However, if the phenomenon itself was studied from every angle, one only now begins to understand the real scope of its environmental and geopolitical consequences. Examplifying that phenomenon is the extremely polluted Songhua river, a major tributary of the Amur river, in North-East Asia. In the past decade or so, the concept of integrated river basin management has gained ground on the localised and more technical approach which prevailed before. China itself set it up as a fundamental theory in its Water Law of 2002. The integrated management of the Songhua river basin and, by extension, that of the Amur river, is a multi-faceted problem for the Chinese government. The reform of institutions, economic development, social stability and transborder issues are the main stakes.
Zaiter, Youssef. "Optimisation du design des réseaux de surveillance de la qualité de l'eau en maximisant la valeur économique de l'information." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAB006.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis consists in combining, for the first time, the two types of literature concerning water quality monitoring networks, the literature on physical optimization of networks and the literature on the economic value of information for a predefined network. We seek to optimize the design of the monitoring network by maximizing the economic value of the information. We are mainly interested in the spatial aspect of the monitoring network, more specifically the location of the monitoring stations. We call this method the economic optimization of the monitoring network. This means that the optimization of the monitoring network is not only based on physical or hydrological considerations, but also takes into account economic considerations. In this thesis, we study in particular the advantage of such an economic optimization compared to the traditional physical optimization
Ben, Zaied Younes. "Gestion durable de l'eau résidentielle et tarification incitative en Tunisie : essais économétriques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G021/document.
Full textIf Tunisia, as well as all the other similar countries, wants to avoid, or at least to postpone the mobilization of non conventional water (desalinization, virtual water, etc.) with sensibly higher costs, the only alternative is to rely on appropriate water demand management. Water pricing must be considered seriously as a useful tool, with certainly the other non price instruments, such as awareness, education, water conservation and participatory management, to keep under control the demand evolution. In this thesis, we use Tunisian data and a decomposition into two water consumption blocks to estimate residential water demand function. Firstly, seasonal investigations show that Tunisian water pricing policy was not perfect. The lower block’s consumers are most affected by water tariff progressivity than upper block’s consumers. The seasonal fluctuations and the alternation of rainy and dry seasons affect only lower block’s consumers. We then advocate increasing the lower block’s length in summer to keep poorest family well being unchanged and reaching social equity. For the upper block’s consumers, we recommend applying seasonal water price to keep under control their water use evolution. Second, in the regional study, we find that the long run water price elasticity is more important in the lower block than the upper one. Moreover, water demand is sensible to price in regions characterized by economic dynamism. We think that a decentralized water pricing system can perfectly control water use especially by upper block’s consumers
Treyer, Sébastien. "A quelle raréfaction de l'eau faut-il se préparer ? : construire une intervention prospective au service de la planification pour les ressources en eau en Tunisie." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002653.
Full textSouissi, Amel. "Enjeux économiques et environnementaux du tourisme en Tunisie : le cas de l’oasis de Tozeur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAE004.
Full textTourism, the world's leading industry with 1186 million international arrivals in 2015, is recognized as the priority sector of development of the LCDs (Least Developed Countries) through its direct, indirect and induced effects. Since the late 1960s, Tunisia has opted for a development strategy based on tourism activities. Since the early 1970s, tourism has been a key sector of the Tunisian economy: the deficit’s rate of coverage of the payments’ balance reached 97.7% in 1988. However, since the early 2000s, Tunisian tourism suffers from a low quality brand image, a strong dependence on the European market and major tour operators and a lack of diversification. The achievements of this sector, which has been for a long time considered as a vector of economic growth, seem to be overestimated.To overcome these problems, the State has chosen, since the late 1980s, a national strategy of diversification through the setting in tourism of Southern Tunisia. Currently, this part of the country became a tourist area of high standards including a golf course of 150 hectares and an international airport. However, the choice of tourism-oriented development is of concern, given the characteristics of the Saharan environment and the way in which Saharan tourism is marketed.This thesis aims to analyze, from an economic point of view, and to evaluate the suitability and relevance of the strategic choices which have been made in the tourism sector, particularly in the Saharan zone, taking into account the nature of the milieu characterized by an arid climate. The economic, environmental and social impact of tourism on these fragile environments could be particularly critical.Economically: on the one hand, this choice corresponds to a commodification of an exhaustible natural stock, whose existence is conditioned by access to water, which has created rivalry and conflicts in the use of the resource between the two sectors, namely, tourism and agriculture. On the other hand, the short duration of stay which does not exceed on average 1.3 days, can limit the positive fallout of tourism in these regions.Environmentally: the rival but not exclusive character of water would place it in the category of "common goods" whose availability can be influenced by the "mass effects", which leads us to consider a risk of "tragedy of commons".Socially: in addition to the social distortions that can arise in situations of usage conflicts around the resource, the jobs created in this sector are seasonal and low-skilled, which may negatively affect a real local development process in these regions.In our analyses, we used several theoretical and empirical methodological tools and approaches within a macroeconomic framework. We have mainly used cointegration techniques and error correction models adapted to the study of time series in addition to statistical analyses over the period between 1970 and 2014
Laurent, Anne. "La gestion en bien commun des eaux souterraines : La nappe des sables astiens de Valras-Agde (Hérault), une opération pilote en Languedoc-Roussillon." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20256.
Full textVernay, Laurent. "Mise au point d'un outil d'aide à la gestion et à la définition d'une politique de l'eau dans les îles méditerranéennes, s'appuyant sur des techniques adaptées : le cas de Formentera (Baléares, Espagne)." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20169.
Full textBendjelid, Abed. "L'organisation urbaine des bassins intérieurs oranais (Algérie) : formation et fonctionnement d'un réseau urbain dans un pays à économie planifiée." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010507.
Full textThis is an analysis of town planning in an inland area of Algeria; which is noted in the general process of urban growth found in the country. In the algerian development situation, the state in the main agent in town planning. The first part out lines the important characteristincs of present urban organization in the inland plains of the Oran region, a combination of small and medium sized townships; while the second part studies the principal changes concerning activities and employment, showing the new spatial migratory patterns experienced. Next, the last section is devoted to approach of territorial strategies and spatial drives. Conflicting interests between state and private participants are clearly brought out in the spatial tactics. Finally, the conclusion considers the general reorganization in the region after twenty years of national planning
François, Marie. "EAU ET DÉVELOPPEMENT EN ESPAGNE POLITIQUES ET DISCOURS Les exemples de l'Aragon et de la Région de Murcie." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459592.
Full textBruckmann, Laurent. "L'intégration des zones inondables dans la gestion de l'eau et le développement de l'irrigation d'une vallée fluviale sahélienne : le cas des terres de décrue de la moyenne vallée du Sénégal." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC214/document.
Full textSince the decline of water resources in the 1970s, the middle Senegal river valley is a space dealing with many socio-environmental changes. Public policies have controlled the river with two dams, Manantali and Diama, and made the valley the preferred location for the development of irrigated agriculture for the national supply of rice. Faced to this situation, the floodplains wetlands, characterized by a flood/recession rythm, are forgotten by development policies. The objective of the thesis is to understand how these flood recession lands fit into socio-environmental changes, and finally to define their current roles for local populations into the reorganization of the middle Senegal river valley.The work is based on a study of the socio-ecological system of the floodplain of the middle valley. The methodology thus has several components. A hydrological analysis and a mapping of the dynamics of the flooded areas by remote sensing, showed the importance of the management choices of the Manantali dam in the allocation of water for the flood in the valley. Socio-economic surveys, carried out in four village terroirs and using semi-structured interviews, highlighted the integration of flood-recession related activities into household strategies, and define the economic, food supply and ecological functions between the different agro-ecological units of the floodplain. Finally, factors holding flood-recession related activities have been identified at household level, such as the diversity of ecosystem services, the heritage value of these areas and the integration of households in irrigation
Jacquemet, Etienne. "La société sherpa à l’ère du « Yak Donald’s » : lutte des places pour l’accès aux ressources dans la région touristique de l’Everest (Népal)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30026/document.
Full textBeyond the representations and practices of mountaineers and trekkers, conditions for the development and functioning of the touristic system linked to the Nepalese Mount Everest area (the Khumbu region) seem to be increasingly based upon resources such as water, electricity and property. With the rise of tourism, these various resources are source of considerable incomes for local populations, especially for lodge owners. However, sharing these resources is not simple. First, the different actors do not occupy the same positions in relation to them. Second, they don’t have the same capacities (i.e., capital and skills) to exploit them. Eventually, they do not have the same interests depending on their social status, so their cooperation is not always guaranteed. In this small but highly symbolic region, local access to resources leads to “locational struggles” (Lussault, 2009). This struggle opposes members of the Sherpa community - who claim to be deeply rooted inhabitants, but whose ways of life are very polytopic – and on the other hand, new populations from the lower valleys, who seek to establish themselves within the Khumbu region. In the context of intense interrelations with the rest of the world, as well as wide socio-demographic and cultural changes, which is embodied in one of the many new pubs established in the region; the "Yak Donald's", this questions the good resources governance of this tourist hub. Far from being passive, but rather very proactive, this thesis shows how the Sherpas still control the territory and its touristic economy
Tomini, Agnes. "Essais en économie de l'environnement et ressources en eau." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX24018.
Full textThis Ph. D. Thesis aims at analyzing major water issues underlying the scarcity of the resource. Actually, this resource insures various crucial functions supporting human life as well as our economical system. Thereby, within the scarcity context, the allocation of the resource among different users and across time is a harder ask. This fact leads us to make choice which can be guided by the economic tools. Thus, given the water challenges, this Ph. D thesis aims at bringing some answers to specific topics such that the valuation of total economic value, the risk of conflict, the population migration, the exploitation of groundwater conjointly with rainwater harvesting and the virtual water concept
Bailly, Denis. "Economie des ressources naturelles communes : la gestion des bassins conchylicoles." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN11044.
Full textMontginoul, Marielle. "Une approche économique de la gestion de l'eau d'irrigation : des instruments, de l'information et des acteurs." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON10052.
Full textJob, Louis. "Les prix des biens agricoles et miniers et la notion de rente : contribution à la théorie économique des ressources naturelles." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE0002.
Full textAzari, Elahe. "Quels types d'éco-quartiers pour l'Iran ? : recherche sur la faisabilité des écoquartiers en Iran : application à l'étude de la création et construction d'un écoquartier en campagne de Téhéran et ses effets sur les citoyens et leurs modes de vie : Téhéran-Hashtgerd." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH016/document.
Full textWe enter in the new level of urban planning that promotes eco-district, which is part of the objective of sustainable development and reduction of the ecological footprint, usually associated with a strong involvement of residents. Recall that an eco-district is a district that reduces energy consumption by using renewable energy; highlights gentle movements; limit the production of waste and the use of resources such as water; also involved in the choice of building materials.The development of eco-neighborhoods is very recent in the Western world, and has seen little application elsewhere. A country like Iran has not yet integrated accurate reflection on eco-neighborhoods and their development, even though it is now entering a new stage of sustainable development. Our project is to research and focus on the acceptability and feasibility of eco-neighborhoods which are adapted to the Iranian world, and whose results could revolutionize, or at least to change the urban design of cities in Iran. In a first point we briefly consider the general problem of the eco-district, before dealing in second place this issue in the context of Iran and, more specifically Tehran ; for final question the feasibility of eco sustainable neighborhoods in Iran
Bon, Emmanuel. "Le drame des communaux : appropriation publique, privée, commune ou accès libre aux espaces-ressources naturels indiens ?" Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100157.
Full textIn addition to the 143 millions hectares of cultivated lande, 90 millions hectares of wastelands, pastures and forest - i. E. 30 % of the Indian territory - are de facto hold as common property resources (CPRs). The magnitude of CPRs atteste for thé résilience of longestablished management systems and customary institutions in India. However, thé régulation and control of appropriation rights of natural resources remains contested domains. Beyond thé vain debate between rationality of homo economicus versus irrationality of thé world peasantry, actual situation is a more or less open access to most uncultivated land and renewable resources that is prejudicial to both thé citizen, thé State and nature itself. Main objective is to address theoretical and practical issues related to thé management of renewable resources. Does common property resources a universal cause of environmental tragedy or a pragmatic solution to thé overexploitation of renewable resources in developing countries?
Yamba, Boubacar. "Ressources ligneuses et problèmes d'aménagement forestier dans la zone agricole du Niger." Bordeaux 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR30029.
Full textErismann, Julie. "Développement hydro-agricole au sud-est du lac Alaotra (Madagascar). Histoire, limites et pespectives de la maîtrise de l'eau." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30014/document.
Full textAlaotra lake is the biggest body of fresh water in Madagascar and the vast plains surrounding it, have naturally become highly coveted by the various authorities over the course of it’s history and its colonization. Primarily based on rice cultivation, this region has benefited from numerous rural planning projects. As a result, the landscape as well as the relationship between the people and their land has been transformed. Over time, the combination of knowledges and know-how farmers, technicians and the research interest in this area, have made it Madagascar’s most significant rice granary. This geography thesis is structured around water management, an essential resource in a country based on rural economies. Through the study of the southeastern valleys, we will focus on showing the extent to which the hydro-agricultural planning allows us to consider better agricultural and territorial development and how, in a context of decentralization, the control and the appropriation of natural resources by local actors can lead to renewed management dynamics and procedures in their environment
Ny farihy Alaotra no fihebanandranomandry lehibe indrindra ao Madagasikara , ary ny tany lemaka midadasika manodidina azy no nanitona ny fitsiriritan’ireo manampahefana nifandimby tao amin’ny tantaran’ny fiorenamponenana.Ny fambolem-bary no votoatim-piainana ao amin’io faritany io , ary fanajariana marobe no efa nanova tanteraka ny endrikin’ny tany sy ny fonenana eo . Ny fandrindrana ny fahalalàna sy fahaiza-miasan’ny tantsaha, ny mahay taozavatra , sy ny finiavan’ny mpikarodalana no nahatonga azy ho « lavabarin’i Madagasikara ». Manodidina ny fanafolahana ny rano , andry ijoroan’ny toekarenan’ny antsaha , no namolavolàna ity tandro-kevitra fandinihantany ity. Avy eo amin’ny fikatsahana natao tao amin’ireo lohasaha ao Atsimo-atsinanan’Alaotra no niaingan’ny sainay hampiseho fa ny fanajariana ny rano sy asatany no hahafahana mihevitra ny fivoaram-bokatra amin’ny voly sy ny faritany ; ary koa ao anatin’ny fitsinjarampitondrana , dia hahitàna fa ny fandinihana sy ny fandraisana an-tanana ireo loharanon-karena velona ataon’ny mpiasa eo antoerana no mety hiteraka fampandrosoana sy fivaozan’ny fitantanana ny toe-ponenana manotolo
Gauthier, Caroline. "Évaluation économique des ressources naturelles, le cas particulier de la biodiversité : application de la méthode contingente au site des forêts de la Garonne." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10073.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is the valuation of the biodiversity preservation benefits. This valuation is recommended by the objectives of the Rio convention on biodiversity. The "good" to value is complex, non-familiar to the public and no valuation method from real markets is nowadays relevant. The main question is to know whether a valuation method from simulated markets, or contingent valuation method, permits a significant revelation of these benefits. Our research contains three parts. The first part (chapter 1) proposes a reflexion on the biodiversity concept. Diverse definitions of this concept are available. We compare these different definitions and the measures given by naturalists and economists to determine the elements in adequation with our final aim. The second part deals with the different valuation methods (chapter 2) and studies (chapter 3) of the biodiversity benefits. We recense and compare the valuation methods which the economists can use. The analysis of the different biodiversity valuation studies allows to show the exercise difficulties and to point out the problems to avoid in an empirical study. The third part is empirical. It describes the contingent valuation of a biodiversity preservation program of the Garonne river forests (chapters 4 and 5). The aim is to lead a study that takes into account every difficulty revealed in the first two parts. Such a procedure allows concluding on the current methods to significantly reveal biodiversity benefits. The results indicate that the annual average willingness to pay is 142. 76 francs per household we show that the conceptual problems of complexity and non-familiarity can be solved. But some methodological problems persist. We still have an importance bias. The presence of the importance bias means the non-revelation of the individual underlying preferences. The giving effect is also present. Therefore our willingness to pay result has to be carefully interpreted
Martin, Elsa. "Aspects économiques de gestion de l'eau souterraine." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX24013.
Full textThis thesis is about economic problems of groundwater management. There are three essays, mainly theoretical, being introduced with a first chapter. This one consists in a literature review on the subject. It aims at explaining the various inefficiencies linked with groundwater exploitation that are modelled in the essays. The first essay is about a real aquifer: the Crau one (South-East of France). A static Nash game is built. While the heterogenous agents (urban and industrial users) using the groundwater resource are overexploiting it, an irrigation association is replenishing it through the percolations induced by its members activity which is a traditional costly one. We show that a local groundwater management committee can always implement a budget-balanced fiscal scheme consisting in slowing down the groundwater extractions through a pigovian tax and inducing its optimal replenishment through subsidizing the irrigation association. The purpose of the second essay is quite different since it aims at bringing to the fore, within the framework of a dynamic model of optimal control with representative agents, the inefficiencies due to the lack of coordination of internalizing policies at the European level, concentrating on the water framework directive and the common agricultural policy. We show that, if an aquifer constitutes the vector of various positive and negative externalities induced by several economic activities, these inefficiencies can compensate themselves in such a way that the implementation of such policies by two distinct authorities playing an open-loop Nash game produces inefficiencies. In this special case, the efficient solution consists in a coordinated fiscal scheme between both the authorities. The last essay revisits the Gisser and Sanchez effect according to which a groundwater management policy would not generate significant welfare gains with respect to a situation with no control. In order to do this, we propose to make the number of farmers endogenous in Rubio and Casino's (2001) differential game. We then show that, at the steady state, the Gisser and Sanchez effect does not work anymore since the benefit at the stationary equilibrium is zero, although it is positive if a central planner intervenes
Terrien, Mickaël. "Orchestration des ressources et efficience des entreprises de spectacle sportif." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN0504.
Full textThis work aims at reaching the meta level of strategy by reconciling the division between content and process analysis. To achieve it, the theoretical framework of resource orchestration is applied to a transparent industry, French football clubs. The performance of those organizations, which is multidimensional and idiosyncratic, is assessed thanks to the method of data envelopment analysis. Moreover, pure managerial efficiency scores are decomposed into three organizational process (structuring the resource portfolio, bundling resources and leveraging capabilities) in order to look inside the black box and to better locate the origins of the differentials of performance. The results indicate, among other things, the existence of a competitive advantage based on the labor market imperfections. It lies on the three micro-foundations of such advantage (attracting, retaining and motivating employees at lower wage than its competitors). Then, this content analysis allows to deal with three strategic issues faced by French football clubs: the definition of their organizational aim according to the opportunities and threats in the environment; the determinants of managerial succession; their resilience capacity after a period of turbulence. The pursuit of the meta level of strategy allows to highlight that competing theories dealing with each strategic problems could coexist
Walter, Martin. "Explaining the emergence of transboundary groundwater management : the cases of Guaraní aquifer system, the Hueco and Mesilla Bolsón aquifers, and the Génévois aquifer." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/5rkqqmvrn4tl22s9mc41lidr0.
Full textDespite the diversity of the contributions to the analysis of water resources and the myriad of water management experiences, transboundary groundwaters have only relatively recently entered the international political agenda. In line with research dedicated to understanding the challenges associated with the management of water resources and the creation of environmental regulatory frameworks, this dissertation examines the emergence of mechanisms for the management of transboundary groundwater resources. In doing so, it makes a seemingly straightforward inquiry. What are the factors that trigger the emergence and implementation of groundwater management mechanisms? Drawing from the review of the literature and the comparative analysis of three cases of transboundary groundwater management, this research finds that the recognition of groundwater problems is determined by the interplay of three factors: the uses of groundwater, the features of the hydrogeological resources, and the social valuation of the eco-system services provided by the resources. In addition, it suggests that groundwater problems are not sufficient to explain the nature of the mechanisms employed for the management of the resources. It argues that management mechanisms, which may be coordinated or unilateral, result from the configuration of both systemic and socio-institutional factors
Moussaoui, Abderrahmane. "Hydraulique et évolution économique au Gourara." Nancy 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NAN21005.
Full textDan-Dah, Mahaman Laouali. "La gestion décentralisée des ressources naturelles au Niger : un concept juridique en question ?" Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU2010.
Full textThis thesis specifies the form and the legal contents of the local management of natural resources in Niger through: At first, the analysis of the different forms of users organisations. It figure out that these organisation are different of the traditional modes of access to natural resources in which case, the different activities of natural resources management are complementary. In the same space many prerogatives cohabit and force the different groups of natural resources users to hear each other for a durable exploitation. Now, mostly of users organisations are specialised, each organisation is in charge of the management of one natural resource. Some of these organisations who are not specialised don’t have legal reference, so they are not durable. The influence of land tenure issues, the concurrence of traditional authorities and the high dependence towards development project restrict the competence and the autonomy of user’s organisations. The movement in favour of local management of natural resources is ambiguous. The local administrations have some competencies in natural resources management, but the state is the owner of all these resources. Besides, their competencies are either vindicates by traditional authorities, or uncertainty because of the disparity of the legal and institutional frame. The rule uncertainty promotes the state’s intervention. It is also promoted by many co-ordination institutions and regional conventions which gave to the state many opportunities of going round the local administrations competencies. At last, the privatisation of water and wild fauna sets up a system of exclusive rights which is incompatible with a local management
Dhenain, Sandrine. "Les territoires littoraux languedociens face aux changements globaux : trajectoires et politiques d'adaptation." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0002/document.
Full textSince the 2000s, adaptation to climate change has been a new consideration for local territories in France, but its implementation is complex. Adaptation is not only a new issue for public policies but also a concept tinted with a semantic blur. At the same time, it is presented as a very technical issue. It is often highlighted as a state to reach. Decision-makers can "operationalize" adaptation by simply applying a specific methodology. However, adaptation is not only a mechanism but it is also a process that implies economic, social and ecological trade-offs for socio-ecological systems. These political dimensions are often implicit. Our work focuses on adaptation process and public policies. We studied local public policies implemented and discussed for the coastlines on the eastern coastal area of Languedoc Roussillon in the south of France that is facing global changes. We combine vulnerability and resilience approaches with sociology/political science in order to investigate adaptation pathways and local public policies and instruments. We conducted an empirical analysis of local actions and strategic plans related to climate but also to urban planning, flooding and water management. In order to provide a vehicle to clarify this concept of adaptation and its political dimensions, we propose a typology of adaptation measures. We found four logics that associate different political instruments and reflect different degrees of transformation. Secondly, we show that the issue of adaptation is framed differently by the different stakeholders. We show the gap between the national frame of standards and multiple local frames. Those frames can limit the panel of solutions that are discussed locally and can allow for compromises. The different types of actions constitute the ‘repertoire’ of adaptation but its implementation is constrained by local configurations of actors, power relationships. Throughout our work, we have highlighted the political dimensions of adaptation actions, power relationships and governance issues. We shed a light on trade-offs inherent in adaptation choices
Dubrion, Benjamin. "Allocation et incitation intra-firme : d'une évaluation critique de l'approche contractualiste à l'élaboration d'un cadre d'analyse des "dispositifs de gestion de la relation d'emploi" : application au cas d'une grande banque régionale." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/dubrion_b.
Full textNowadays, researchers of several disciplines wonder about the changes that occurred in human resources management in some large French firms. Contractual economists have claimed for few years that their approach to examine human resources management instruments is pertinent. Within this context, our work aims at assessing, in a critical viewpoint, the ability of the three principal contractual theories of the firm to analyse the personnel management practices and their recent evolution - the three theories being transaction cost theory, incentive theory and incomplete contracts theory. In reaction against the limits of these theories, we elaborate our own analytical framework of the "governance devices of the employment relation" to apply it to the case of a large regional bank. The results of this work are both empirical and theoretical: they highlight the evolutions in the studied firm and they question about the way contractual economists examine the human resources management practices. We end up in personal conclusions about the internal organization of the firm
Deybe, Daniel. "Politiques pour une agriculture durable : essai sur la gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010033.
Full textNatural resources depletion and increasing food requirements of world population generate a problem of sustainability of agricultural production systems. The notion of "sustainable agriculture" tries to bring an answer to this problem. This work is focused on the soil, a renewable and depletable resource. Fundamental for agricultural production. After discussing the characteristics of this resource, a "bio-economic" model, considering bio-physical and socio-economic aspects of the different production systems, is utilized to evaluate short and long-term effects of different alternative policies at the individual as well as regional or village level
Mélançon, Simon. "La guerre de l'eau de Cochabamba, Bolivie : un problème géopolitique et de territoralité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22869/22869.pdf.
Full textEn un contexto de una nueva conciensia de la comunidad internacionale de los enfoques de la accesibilidad del agua potable en los países subdesarrollados, el Banco Mundial recomanda a los Estados de privatizar su gestión del agua. En 1999, el gobierno neoliberal de Hugo Banzer ha favorisado la privatización de los servicios de distribución del agua de Cochabamba. Banzer ha justificado esta decisión con la falta de plata que necesitaba la realización del Proyecto Múltiple Misicuni. Las poblaciones campesina, periurbana y urbana, quien tenía una relación conflictual con la gestión del agua, se han unificado para revendicar la anulación del contrato de concesión del consortio international Aguas del Tunari y para modificar la ley de agua (2029). Las manifestaciones acompañiendo estas revencidaciones han sido reprimadas por la armada antes que el gobierno acepta de re-nacionalizar la gestión del agua y de cambiar la ley. ¿Cuales estaba las interacciones económica y política entre las diferentes escalas geograficas representadas por los actores de este conflicto socio-territorial? ¿Cuales han sido las representaciones geopolíticas de los actores durante la guerra del agua? ¿Cual ha sido la evolución de la relación de poder territorial durante este conflicto? A través de siete poriódicos bolivianos (1997-2004), analisamos el discurso de los actores para entender las redifiniciones de la territorialidad antes, durante y después de la guerra del agua. Entonces, esta investigación demuestra que las representaciones del proyecto Misicuni han jugado una función muy importante en el desarrollo del conflicto. Además, los usos y costumbres campesinos y la nueva tarificación del agua urbana han sido la “relación al territorio” en la base de la guerra del agua. Finalmente, la importancia de las relaciones “locale-internacionale” y “nacionale-internacionale” hacen que el dessarrollo de la construcción locale del territorio es de más en más dependiente de los actores internacionales.
Blanchon, David. "Impacts environnementaux et enjeux territoriaux des transferts d'eau inter bassins en Afrique du Sud." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100134.
Full text8 major inter bassin tranfers (IBT) have transformed the Orange River into a "Plumbing system". This thesis shows that theses IBTs have been built mainly for political and geopolitical reasons during the Apartheid era. But there was no general planning and each project was discussed at the highest political level. These IBT have been highly criticised for the damages they cause on the river ecology. But the river was far to be in a pristine state when they were built in the 1970s : significant modifications in the river channel have been taking place at a local level, especially in the irrigated areas of the middle reaches. The central hypothesis of this thesis is that of IBT cannot be properly understood without considering their interaction with the environmental impacts of small weirs, levees and canals. It is also absolutely necessary to understand the regional settings in order to judge the spatial effects of IBTs. With the dismissal of apartheid in 1994, IBTs seem to be doomed. But il could be very difficult for the ANC government to buillt a new Orange river, combining environmental protection and economic development, without framing a inventive mangement strategy for IBTs
Skoulikaris, Charalampos. "Modélisation appliquée à la gestion durable des projets de ressources en eau à l'échelle d'un bassin hydrographique : le cas du Mesta-Nestos." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004775.
Full textHamlaoui, Chahinez. "Modèles et algorithmes pour la gestion économique des ressources dans les réseaux interdomaines avec garantie de la qualité de services." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0013.
Full textIn this work we focus on the economy in inter-domain networks. Our contributions consist of modeling the pricing problems based on concepts of game theory and our results reside in theoretical results on the existence of equilibrium, and the design of distributed algorithms for achieving them. Thus, we introduce a new pricing strategy that allows to maximize profits of operators in a cooperative environment and another one that allows them to choose the best margins in a competitive environment. We also explored the pricing problem considering the problem of the quality of services guarantees for real-time applications. We propose a new model for resource management and we present the various policies that need distributed control, taking into account the expectations of operators
Diop, Moussa. "Eau et Développement : Échelles, temporalités, acteurs et enjeux autour de la gestion durable du service public de l’eau en milieu rural au Sénégal." Paris 9, 2008. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090031.
Full textThe thesis shows, by structuring several scales, how the introduction of new rules of management of the water service will generate or amplify some imbalances that exist yet in the villages and between the actors. As a result of the introduction of a new supplying system in drinking water, the State has introduced by the same time several official rules of management of the water public service. For lack of related regulations, these rules will be stackable to the sociocul tural logics of the rural actors. Several types of legitimacies and legitimations of the actors’ practices appear. And as a consequence, this leads to clashes between those divergent logics around the management of water: some rural actors are stuck between different systems of value, local authorities confront each other about a positioning in the rural arena, cultures are in direct opposition, inherited structures are stackable to those new, created to manage water. The political clientelism comes to interest itself to the management. In brief, a whole combination of systems, with some buckles of retroac tives, scans the management of the service and lead to an anomy situation. The disturbance of the rules which is the source of the anomy is due to the doubt caused by the ambiguity related to the real purpose of the introduction of the drinking water conveyances in those villages. Finally, this doubt has undermined the credibility of the codified rules of management as they are considered by the village’s people
Mettoux, Anne-Paule. "Associations et changement social : le cas d'Eau et Rivières de Bretagne, association de défense de l'environnement." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100084.
Full textFor more than a century, the right of association has been legitimated in France. It concerns all sectors of economic and social life. Associations reflect democraty that inspired their creation. During the previous centuries, indeed, the association movement was built at the same time as the settlement of democratic system. Wether idealised or critised, an association leaves no one indifferent. With the advent of consumerism, urbanisation and working time reduction, associations have been blooming in all sectors of activity. As they are sensitive to conjuctural and structural changes, they do contribute to social changes through integration of civil society concerns within their own evolution.
Mabika, Jérôme. "Exploitation et gestion durable de la forêt gabonaise : analyse géographique et problèmes de gestion et d'aménagement forestier." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30037.
Full textCaiserman, Arnaud. "Adapter les stratégies agricoles aux évolutions socio-économiques et climatiques en milieu méditerranéen : comparaison de l'usage de l'eau et des choix de plantes des agriculteurs dans la plaine de la Békaa (Liban) et de Marvdasht (Iran)." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3009.
Full textAccording to Köppen’s climate map, the semi-arid Mediterranean climate covers several countries in this region, including Lebanon and Iran. In order to regionalize the understanding of the water challenge of this region, two agricultural plains with similar characteristics were selected as study areas: the Bekaa plain in Lebanon and the Marvdahst plain in Iran. The Marvdasht plain is slightly drier and through climate change, the Bekaa plain will look like the present climate conditions of Marvdasht before 2100. It is therefore necessary to grasp the agricultural practices in the Marvdasht plain in order to imagine how Bekaa agriculture will look like in the future. Farmers must adapt their strategies to the local climate that is characterized by strong uncertainties (interannual variability of rainfall or frequent droughts) but also to economic uncertainties (prices’ variability). Despite (geo)political differences, some farmers in the Bekaa and Marvdasht have chosen strong water demanding crops, compared to the local renewable water resources. However, these crops are profitable on the market. In total, the water balances for the years under consideration are negative: in Marvdasht, farmers pumped 0,25 km3 of groundwater to meet the total irrigation needs, but the groundwater recharge was only 0,09 km3 in that year. In the Bekaa, this balance is also negative, but to a lesser extent: 0,15 km3 were pumped for a recharge of 0,1 km3. In both cases, irrigation needs are therefore higher than renewable water. They have therefore promoted market adaptation rather than sustainable resource management. Thus, the reasons for crop choices were closely analysed through field surveys and certain remote sensing methods to generate crop maps. The net irrigation requirements of crops are also estimated through remote sensing. Indeed, water needs determine whether or not farmers promote climate change adaptation strategies with relevant crop choices. This regional imbalance at the expense of resources stems from the productivism in the early 1950s. This paradigm is rooted on farm’s profitability and a more ambitious political objective, food self-sufficiency, especially in Iran. This causes an overexploitation of groundwater for irrigation and thus a lowering of groundwater by several tens of meters since the 1980s. Some alternatives consist of growing plants with high added value and modest water requirements: saffron, canola, quinoa and cannabis (in Lebanon). We have highlighted these alternative crops since their cultivation on large areas could save millions of water cubic meters each year. Still not widely cultivated, these plants need incentive markets to attract the interest of agricultural stakeholders. This operational part thus analyses the reasons for this lukewarm success in order to find incentive markets. Such local markets would strengthen a more sustainable agricultural policy than restrictive measures on water management that farmers always manage to circumvent
Kertous, Mourad. "Demande en eau potable : approches économétriques sur données individuelles : le cas des abonnés de la wilaya de Bejaia (Algérie)." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUED002.
Full textIn this work, we propose a thorough analysis of the residential water demand in Algeria. The first chapter presents the main issues regarding water management in Algeria. Then, chapter two reviews the extant literature in order to identifu the current research trends in this field. In the third chapter, we estimage the demand function or residential water demand using three databases (aggregated date, individual data from 27363 subscribers observed over 17 aurters and a sample of 172 customers observed over a period of 45 quarters). These estimates indicate that subscribers of the wilaya of Jejaia are a little sensitive to price changes (price elasticities range from -0,14 to - 0,67). The results also show that the price elasticity is partly constrainted by the esimation period and the nature of the date used. To complement our analysis, we analysed in chapter four, the impact of rising prices and policy restrictions on the welfare of households. This analysis tells us that one hour of restriction is equivalent to a price increase of 10 %. We also analysed the factors responsible for the duration of paument of household bills. This analysis reveals that some of the delays can be explained by economic factors such as income and prices but ut also seems that the discontent of subscriberts with the water service quality explains actual delays. To confirm this result, we considered in the last section, the willingness to pay of customers to improve water service quality. Our estimates show that 99,4% of our sample accepts to pay more to improve the water service quality. The estimated willingness to pay indicates that local subscribers are willing to pay 10,57 DA/m3 more for a better water service