Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gestion des ressources naturelles – Mali'
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Idelman, Eric. "Le transfert des compétences en gestion des ressources naturelles aux communes rurales de la région de Kita (MALI) : d’un encadrement étatique intégré à des logiques d’acteurs locaux." Paris 10, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00353162.
Full textThe administrative Kita region in Malinke area, located at about two hundred kilometres west from Bamako, had been isolated for a long time. Until the 1970s, the State influence and impacts on the rural people remained few. Therefore, the dualism between the two circle systems, the static one, “so official”, and the traditional one with reference to rural people, has remained particularly strong in this region. The operations of the Rural Development Organisations, initially groundnut based until 1995 and which later became predominantly cotton-based to date, had helped to gathered the farmers and provided them with the modern means of production to increase commercial cultures. During the 1980s and especially in the 1990s, we saw the emergence of new local government powers, on issues of “projets de gestion de terroirs”, but which did not have any significant change in the traditional areas. At the end of the 1990s, the decentralization reform, through the creation of the rural communes, has generated a new power: the locally elected people. The elected have had to make a place between the static power and the traditional power, through the competences transfers from both circles. Here is the stake of the success of the decentralization reform, which is shortly linked to its degree of appropriation by rural people. The land tenure and the natural resources seem to be the key elements of the double competences transfer, and then of the success of the whole decentralization reform
Zare, Aïda. "Variabilité climatique et gestion des ressources naturelles dans une zone humide tropicale : une approche intégrée appliquée au cas du delta intérieur du fleuve Niger (Mali)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS186/document.
Full textThe droughts of the 1970s intensified in the 1980s and the development of irrigation schemes upstream of the Inner Niger Delta in Mali (IND) have resulted in the degradation of natural resources. This degradation of natural resources associated with the increasing population pressure on the environment has led to a more conflictive management of these resources. In addition, the current operating system of resources and the hydrological functioning of the IND make the management of the ecosystem more complex.In this work, we adopt an integrated and multidisciplinary approach to address the IND resource management issues. The approach mobilizes hydrology, sociology, agronomy and economy.The analysis of hydrological data has highlighted a significant difference between the maximum passing dates of the two rivers that supply the IND. This difference impacts the schedules of the main production systems thus contributing to exacerbate conflict. The management strategies developed with stakeholders combine the practices of security and water control, intensification, resource regeneration, capacity building and economic incentives. Moreover, in a context of increased climate variability, we analyzed the perceptions of a sample of fishermen, herders and farmers on climate prediction and their interest of climate and flood forecasts.. It appears that the need for climate information of floodplain users as IND relate mainly to the onset date of rainy season, flood maximum passaging date, the arrival of floods and flood peak heights.The simulated economic value of climate information for an agrarian system of flooded rice obtains an average gain of 10%. As against the cost of possible prediction errors is particularly high for producers with an average deficit on income of 24%
Idelman, Eric. "Le transfert des compétences en gestion des ressources naturelles aux communes rurales de la région de Kita (MALI). D'un encadrement étatique intégré à des logiques d'acteurs locaux." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00353162.
Full textCe sont les Opérations de Développement Rural, arachidières jusqu'en 1995, puis surtout cotonnières, qui ont encadré les producteurs et leur ont apporté les moyens de production modernes permettant les cultures commerciales. Parallèlement, les années 1980, et surtout 1990, ont vu l'émergence de nouveaux pouvoirs locaux issus de « projets » de « gestion de terroirs villageois », mais qui n'ont guère bouleversé les encadrements paysans.
A la fin des années 1990, la décentralisation territoriale, par la création des collectivités locales dont les communes constituent le maillon de base, fait émerger dans le milieu rural un nouveau pouvoir : les élus locaux. Ce contrepouvoir élu doit se faire une place au sein du dispositif déconcentré déjà établi et surtout, ne peut exister que par le transfert des pouvoirs de gestion détenus par les encadrements paysans. C'est tout l'enjeu de la réussite de la réforme de décentralisation, déterminée par son degré d'appropriation par les ruraux, lui-même dépendant des modalités de ce double transfert de compétences, dont l'objet clé semble être le pouvoir de gérer le foncier et les autres ressources naturelles.
Magassa, Modibo. "Gestion adaptative des zones humides : une approche de réduction de la vulnérabilité des populations riveraines face aux effets des changements climatiques : exemple du lac Wégnia dans la région de Koulikoro, au Mali." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68749.
Full textIn a context of ecological uncertainty linked to climate variability and change, how can the sustainability of the resources of the wetland of Lake Wégnia in the Koulikoro region in Mali be ensured, while allowing neighboring communities to benefit from them? This is the central question around which this thesis revolves. To approach it, the "adaptive management" approach, relying on the effective participation of local actors and the taking into account of their traditional ecological knowledge in the management process of this lake, was favored. The approach is also based on a methodology using various complementary tools to collect, process, and analyze data. Field surveys and analysis of satellite images have shown the vulnerability of natural resources in the study area (particularly Lake Wégnia) to the combined effects of climate change and human activities. However, local communities derive their livelihood directly from these natural resources. As a result, the vulnerability of natural resources consequently leads to the vulnerability of the livelihoods of these communities. In order to reduce the vulnerability of the communities concerned, certain actions were undertaken: the analysis of the situation of the Lake Wégnia basin; identification of the main threats and local adaptation strategies; the development of an improved action plan and a monitoring plan and their implementation. The action plan included activities such as reforestation around lakes Wégnia and Kononi, the construction of stone bunds perpendicular to the ravines that lead to these lakes, fish farming in ponds, and the establishment of a monitoring committee for the monitoring of achievements. Finally, the activities implemented were evaluated after an observation period (the duration of which varied depending on the activity) to draw lessons on the basis of the results obtained. From these lessons, recommendations were made with a view to designing a potential future action plan.
Hautdidier, Baptiste. "Bûcherons et dynamiques institutionnelles locales au Mali : la gouvernance incertaine des ressources ligneuses des environs de Bamako, à travers l'étude des marchés ruraux de bois de la commune de Zan Coulibaly." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00289508.
Full textAprès un recadrage des racines intellectuelles de ce dispositif pensé pour assurer l'approvisionnement des grandes villes du pays en bois-énergie, dans le double contexte d'une réforme du secteur forestier et de l'achèvement d'un processus de décentralisation politique, ses conséquences sanitaires et environnementales sont brièvement exposées. A travers une étude de cas menée dans une commune des environs de Bamako (Zan Coulibaly), c'est la mise en évidence des profondes modifications causées par les marchés ruraux (lues en terme de configurations institutionnelles, de pratiques d'exploitation des ressources naturelles et de conflits territoriaux) qui justifie par contre un questionnement méthodologique approfondi sur l'analyse de situations de gestion contestée de ressources naturelles communes.
Prenant en compte les pratiques routinières des acteurs, le fonctionnement réel des filières bois et charbon, ainsi que les dynamiques institutionnelles locales, le cadre d'analyse s'inspire de la littérature des commons, des travaux sur les entitlements d'Amartya Sen, de la théorie de la structuration de Giddens. Il permet alors de présenter à travers des entrées respectivement : (i) « domestique », les déterminants de l'exploitation du bois au sein du marché rural & son impact économique direct ; (ii) « locale », la traduction en termes spatiaux et territoriaux de son fonctionnement ; (iii) « politique », les enjeux de gouvernance plus larges qu'il soulève.
Gazull, Laurent. "Le bassin d'approvisionnement en bois - énergie de Bamako : une approche par un modèle d'interaction spatiale." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00670473.
Full textMarega, Oumar. "Changements socio-environnementaux et évolution des pratiques agropastorales en Afrique sahélienne : étude comparée entre le Ferlo (Sénégal), le Gourma (Mali) et le Fakara (Niger)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC228/document.
Full textIn a biophysical context characterized by important socioenvironmental changes, the main objective of this PhD is to understand how much agropastoral practices modulatein space and time the vulnerability and adaptability of agroecosystems and sahelians agropastoral societies. To reach this target, this question has been applied at macro-regional scale, relying on three micro-regional study areas: Ferlo (Senegal); Gourma (Mali) and Fakara (Niger) in which perceptions and representations of societies have been studied in a sample of villages and camps. The method developed in this PhD has two components: 1) remote sensing mapping based on satellite image processing, and 2) geo-textual analyses based on lexicometry from semi-structured interviews. The remote sensing mapping allowed to diagnose micro-regional and local scales on land cover change since the 70s until 2010. The diagnosis, based on a multiscale approach, shows intra and inter regional contrasts in the evolution of soil cover by vegetation that invite to nuance observations indicating a greening of Sahel. The articulation of remote sensing with field investigations helped to understand, first the evolution of plant resources, then to consider the variety of responses from the Sahel rural societies to the 70’s and 80’s climate crisis, and to the recent socio-economic changes experienced by sahelian countries. Through lexicometry, geo-textual analysis based on semi-structured interviews allowed to approach the livestock farmer’s perception about the vulnerability and resilience of natural resources. Thanks to the expressed perceptions, the adaptive practices were identified in their variety. It enabled to show the sociospatial reconfigurations in the trajectories of agricultural and pastoral activities that partly explain the contrasts within and between regions observed in Ferlo, Gourma and Fakara
Favard, Pascal. "Exploitation optimale d'un ensemble de ressources naturelles." Toulouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10004.
Full textIn this dissertation, we propose to study the optimal exploitation of a set of natural resources, considering that this exploitation is generally a problem of simultaneous management of renewable resources (flow) and non renewable ones (stocks). To do so, we consider a general equilibrium framework where the population has to make trade off at each moment between the quantity of resources consumed and the quantity of leisure. The average work time necessary to extract a resource is supposed constant, although specify to each resource. In the first chapter, we study the case where a plentiful flow is available. We show that it is never optimal to consume the stocks sequentially by increasing cost order. For a non-degenerated subset of stock levels, it is optimal to consume more then two resources simultaneously, and the path of consumption-leisure couples is largely indeterminate. In the second chapter, the flow is considered scarce. The results established in the first chapter still hold. Moreover, for a non-degenerated subset of stock levels, it is optimal to consume the flow before beginning to exploit a stock, even a less costly one in terms of access cost. In the third chapter, unlike previously, we consider a growing population size. There instantaneous utility per capita can grow when the population grows for certain stock levels. Moreover, if society can spare some resource by stocking part of flow, the stock can be valuable as a reservoir
Dembélé, Yera. "Optimisation de l'exploitation des ressources forestières ligneuses pour la production de bois de feu au Mali." Paris 9, 1989. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1989PA090043.
Full textThis thesis summarizes an integration of the evolution of forestry-availabilities and of the socio-economic behaviors of their development, in an optimal management model. The evolution of forestry-availabilities is described by the function of "kilkki" and "vaisanen" which have been retained, to that effect, according to a series of investigations on the evaluation-models of forestry resources. The intensity of removals on the formations of wooded (lands) in Mali and the system of their development express the behavior of farmers and the reflections of socio-economic structures. Only the structures of private appropriation authorize a behavior of inter-temporal rationality adapted to the optimal management of the resources. Thus, the application of the method of optimal control to the management of formations of Kayaba, Kambergue and Nienemdougou permits to approach to a division of the intensity of removals by ten, multiplying their productivity by two
Diarra, Alassane. "Utilisation des ressources naturelles et occupation de l'espace par les agriculteurs et les pasteurs en zone aride au Mali." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON30019.
Full textThis thesis aims at contributing to the description as just as possible of sedentary and nomadic populations'behaviour regarding land occupation and natural resources utilization in burem subdivision in mali. It describes the evolution of recent droughts, balances and imbalances between social systems and ecological ones. The methodology suitable to this study is based on : a bibliographic research, investigations near persons-resources ans civil service agents, and investigations near populations. The first part, dealing with an important bibliography presents the characteristics and the evolution of burem subdivision as regards natural milieus, land occupation, production and exchanges and local populations. The second and third parts describe the entire process related to investigations near sedentary population on one hand and near nomadic population on the other hand, sampling, questionnaires, investigations, data processing. The fourth part deepens six themes which are considered as important keys for development are for interatctions between man and natural resources
Singla, Laure. "L'approche juridique contemporaine de la gestion des ressources naturelles mondiales." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0019/document.
Full textThe conquest of space since the fifteenth century allowed the recognition of the principle of sovereignty of States over their natural resources. The XXI century is facing the depletion of global fossil natural resources and the pursuit of new. Tensionsaround the world present management of natural resources posed the finding of a weak legal regulation, and the idea of adopting other governance based on a new mode of management. The other approach, intergenerational would be based on a reasoned management in the sense of rational, balanced and adapted endemic systems. But this shift puts the issue of the management of global natural resources at the heart of intergenerational priorities. The XXI century then allows to reflect on the legal recognition of the principle of interdependence between Man and Nature. But this legal thinking isa contrario of public policies and traditional management methods. Europe has initiated an effective response. France followed by the adoption of the charter of the environment, the laws say Grenelle I and II, the Law on energy transition. SomeAndean States have included this principle in their constitutions. The contemporary legal approach to the management of global natural resources and returns to other modes of governance and to notions of endemic areas of common public interest. Global environmental legal issues while based on new proactive security policies, strengthening existing ties of cooperation to face the multiplicity of sources of authority and power
Bailly, Denis. "Economie des ressources naturelles communes : la gestion des bassins conchylicoles." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN11044.
Full textGagnon, Pierre-Luc, and Pierre-Luc Gagnon. "La transition institutionnelle vers la durabilité dans la gestion étatique des ressources naturelles au Canada : le cas du Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23667.
Full textLa croissance économique s’est appuyée, depuis l’ère industrielle, sur un fort apport en ressources naturelles. Si la plupart des pays industrialisés opèrent désormais dans une économie davantage axée sur la technologie et les services, il n’en demeure pas moins que le milieu naturel demeure soumis à un ensemble de pressions provenant du commerce des ressources naturelles, de la pollution, de la croissance de la population humaine, de la désintégration des grands écosystèmes ainsi que de la précarisation de la biodiversité. La montée en puissance de groupes environnementaux et le soutien public que ceux-ci ont su mobiliser pour la protection de l’environnement ont favorisé la mise à l’agenda politique d’une gestion étatique de l’environnement axée sur la durabilité. La présente thèse s’intéresse à l’intégration de critères de durabilité dans la gestion étatique des ressources naturelles. À cet égard, la thèse adopte un cadre analytique fondé sur deux axes. Les changements institutionnels s’appuyant sur les règles formelles forment le premier axe. Le deuxième axe s’articule autour de la gestion même des ressources naturelles, c’est-à-dire des modes de gestion traditionnelle, scientifique, adaptative et écosystémique. Après avoir situé la gestion étatique des ressources naturelles dans le cadre fédéral canadien, la thèse effectue une analyse de l’intégration des critères de gestion écosystémique aux règles formelles encadrant la gestion des ressources naturelles aux paliers fédéral et québécois. La thèse conclut en spécifiant que les processus de développement durable institutionnalisés aux deux paliers de gouvernement n’ont pas mené à l’adoption d’un cadre cohérent de gestion écosystémique des ressources naturelles. De plus, un ensemble de manquements aux deux paliers de gouvernement en ce qui concerne la gestion écosystémique des ressources naturelles ont été observés, plus spécifiquement en ce qui concerne le suivi et le contrôle des ressources.
Since the beginning of the industrial age, plentiful natural resources have been the driving force behind economic growth. Although the economies of most industrialized nations are now based more on technology and services, the natural environment is still subjected to pressure from a variety of sources: natural resource trade, pollution, human population growth, the disintegration of large ecosystems, and diminished biodiversity. The rise in power of environmental groups and their success in generating public support for environmental protection have put sustainability-based state management of the environment on the political agenda. This thesis explores the integration of sustainability criteria in state management of natural resources. It studies this issue using a two-axis analytical framework. The first one centers on institutional change through formal rules and the second on the actual management of natural resources (traditional, scientific, adaptive or ecosystemic management). After situating state management of natural resources within the Canadian federal framework, the thesis analyzes the integration of ecosystemic management criteria in the formal rules governing natural resource management at the federal and Quebec levels. The thesis concludes by explaining that the sustainable development processes institutionalized at both levels of government have not led to the adoption of a coherent framework for the ecosystemic management of natural resources. A number of deficiencies in the ecosystemic management of natural resources were observed at both levels of government, particularly with regard to resource monitoring and control.
Since the beginning of the industrial age, plentiful natural resources have been the driving force behind economic growth. Although the economies of most industrialized nations are now based more on technology and services, the natural environment is still subjected to pressure from a variety of sources: natural resource trade, pollution, human population growth, the disintegration of large ecosystems, and diminished biodiversity. The rise in power of environmental groups and their success in generating public support for environmental protection have put sustainability-based state management of the environment on the political agenda. This thesis explores the integration of sustainability criteria in state management of natural resources. It studies this issue using a two-axis analytical framework. The first one centers on institutional change through formal rules and the second on the actual management of natural resources (traditional, scientific, adaptive or ecosystemic management). After situating state management of natural resources within the Canadian federal framework, the thesis analyzes the integration of ecosystemic management criteria in the formal rules governing natural resource management at the federal and Quebec levels. The thesis concludes by explaining that the sustainable development processes institutionalized at both levels of government have not led to the adoption of a coherent framework for the ecosystemic management of natural resources. A number of deficiencies in the ecosystemic management of natural resources were observed at both levels of government, particularly with regard to resource monitoring and control.
Marin, Valérie. "La gestion d'une ressource renouvelable : application aux pêcheries." Paris 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA020051.
Full textFrancois, Bousquet. "Modélisation d'accompagnementSimulations multi-agents et gestion des ressources naturelles et renouvelables." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00085861.
Full textBontianti, Abdou. "La gestion des ressources naturelles au Niger : l'imbroglio des politiques publiques." Bordeaux 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR30013.
Full textTorri, Maria Costanza. "La conservation et l'utilisation durable des ressources naturelles et la gestion participative, le cas de la région de la réserve naturelle des tigres de Sariska, Rajasthan, Inde /." Montpellier : CIHEAM-IAMM, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39950244c.
Full textBibliogr. p. 210-215. Résumé en français et en anglais. CIHEAM = Centre international des hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes. IAMM = Institut agronomique méditerranéen de Montpellier.
Job, Louis. "Les prix des biens agricoles et miniers et la notion de rente : contribution à la théorie économique des ressources naturelles." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE0002.
Full textLe, Gallic Bertrand. "Modélisation bioéconomique et gestion durable d'un système complexe de ressources communes renouvelables : application au cas des pêcheries de la Manche." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES6001.
Full textDe, Sa Louis Charles. "La mondialisation des ressources naturelles et les conditions de sa réalisation." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN20012.
Full textThis work is divided in three parts : II) globalization and structural transformations in production this part analyses the phenomenon of globalization and the transformations of the industrial system in the old countries, their links with the row materials and their evolution in the time. Ch. L - globalization and the manufacture transformation Ch. 2 - renewal of the industrial structures in the old developed countries II) the necessity of a durable development or the ways to integrate economy and society this part study the sustained development analyzing the problems of economic and population growth after 1900, makes an inventory in row materials, overall energetic, and analyses the new problem posed by the pollution. Ch. L - growth analyses in occident after xix century Ch. 2 - the problem posed by the world population Ch. 3 - the geo-economic disponibilities of natural resources Ch. 4 - the pollution or a new break in growth III) the requirements of the economic rentability this part is a reexamination of the economic theory of natural resources under constraint of natural growth, the perfect and controlled markets and the problem of stability of prices and money. Ch. 1 - basic methods utilized in economic studies Ch. 2 - the relationships between a flux economics (renewable resources) and a stock economics (nonrenewable resources) Ch. 3 - trade importance and prices behavior of row materials Ch. 4 - the consideration of natural resources inside the function
Chamich, Mohamed. "Gestion des conflits liés aux ressources naturelles dans l'arganeraie de Souss (Maroc)." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20098.
Full textThe forest of argan tree is an agro-sylvo-pastoral ecosystem of a very big originality. The agrarian system articulates around three major productions: the products of the argan tree, the breeding and the agriculture. This resource, for a long time plentiful, became rare because of an intense exploitation on behalf of the rustic communities, the breeders nomads and foresters. This situation compromises the economic development of the region. The economic, social and political transformations have an obvious effect on the relations which the various factors maintain with the forest of argan tree. The revealing of the multiplicity of the actors and the functions of the argan tree explains the development of the conflicts concerning the usage of this resource. The present work has as an objective, on one hand, to demonstrate the problem of the conflicts in the arganeraie of Souss, notably the identification of the conflicts and the analysis of the various socioeconomic stakes in these conflicts (causes, implied persons, nature and impact). And on the other hand, study the various mechanisms contributing to the management and to the neutralization of these conflicts, and consequently, insure one long-lasting local development of this territory. To do it, we proceeded to individual and collective interviews with various factors involved in the management of the arganeraie (farmers, breeders, waterworks and Forests, etc. ) It is necessary to note that the resolution of the conflicts is strictly connected to the cultural specificities, to the community structures and to the type of communication between users. This resolution remains at present difficult and ambiguous because of the presence of several factors: Users of the arganeraie of Souss, and the pluri-institutional device
Abuhmaira, Enas. "Le régime juridique des ressources naturelles fluides souterraines communes." Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT3012.
Full textWater, petroleum and natural gas, which represents a significant proportion of the natural ressources of a state are, either a source of conflict or a potential for cooperation and solidarity. Very frequently, these three vital and strategic resources are divided between many states which use them, in most cases independantly. On one hand, inadequetely controlled use these ressources lead in many cases to problems of overuse and pollution thatengender risks of crisis and conflicts between states. On the other hand, the need to protect these resources must put in place a rational management. .
Castillo, Brieva Daniel. "Arrangements institutionnels et modèles mentaux dans la gestion des ressources en bien commun." Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100022.
Full textGauthier, Caroline. "Évaluation économique des ressources naturelles, le cas particulier de la biodiversité : application de la méthode contingente au site des forêts de la Garonne." Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10073.
Full textThe aim of this dissertation is the valuation of the biodiversity preservation benefits. This valuation is recommended by the objectives of the Rio convention on biodiversity. The "good" to value is complex, non-familiar to the public and no valuation method from real markets is nowadays relevant. The main question is to know whether a valuation method from simulated markets, or contingent valuation method, permits a significant revelation of these benefits. Our research contains three parts. The first part (chapter 1) proposes a reflexion on the biodiversity concept. Diverse definitions of this concept are available. We compare these different definitions and the measures given by naturalists and economists to determine the elements in adequation with our final aim. The second part deals with the different valuation methods (chapter 2) and studies (chapter 3) of the biodiversity benefits. We recense and compare the valuation methods which the economists can use. The analysis of the different biodiversity valuation studies allows to show the exercise difficulties and to point out the problems to avoid in an empirical study. The third part is empirical. It describes the contingent valuation of a biodiversity preservation program of the Garonne river forests (chapters 4 and 5). The aim is to lead a study that takes into account every difficulty revealed in the first two parts. Such a procedure allows concluding on the current methods to significantly reveal biodiversity benefits. The results indicate that the annual average willingness to pay is 142. 76 francs per household we show that the conceptual problems of complexity and non-familiarity can be solved. But some methodological problems persist. We still have an importance bias. The presence of the importance bias means the non-revelation of the individual underlying preferences. The giving effect is also present. Therefore our willingness to pay result has to be carefully interpreted
Dan-Dah, Mahaman Laouali. "La gestion décentralisée des ressources naturelles au Niger : un concept juridique en question ?" Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU2010.
Full textThis thesis specifies the form and the legal contents of the local management of natural resources in Niger through: At first, the analysis of the different forms of users organisations. It figure out that these organisation are different of the traditional modes of access to natural resources in which case, the different activities of natural resources management are complementary. In the same space many prerogatives cohabit and force the different groups of natural resources users to hear each other for a durable exploitation. Now, mostly of users organisations are specialised, each organisation is in charge of the management of one natural resource. Some of these organisations who are not specialised don’t have legal reference, so they are not durable. The influence of land tenure issues, the concurrence of traditional authorities and the high dependence towards development project restrict the competence and the autonomy of user’s organisations. The movement in favour of local management of natural resources is ambiguous. The local administrations have some competencies in natural resources management, but the state is the owner of all these resources. Besides, their competencies are either vindicates by traditional authorities, or uncertainty because of the disparity of the legal and institutional frame. The rule uncertainty promotes the state’s intervention. It is also promoted by many co-ordination institutions and regional conventions which gave to the state many opportunities of going round the local administrations competencies. At last, the privatisation of water and wild fauna sets up a system of exclusive rights which is incompatible with a local management
Lafforgue, Gilles. "Économie des ressources naturelles, du risque et de l' incertain : quatre essais." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10065.
Full textIn this report, we show how the introduction of random elements affects some natural resource management problems. Result crucially depend upon the own characteristics of the resource and the variables subject to uncertainty. Chapter 1 determines the optimal exploitation rule of a renewable resource with amenity values and whose dynamics is continuously disturbed by random fluctuations. Chapter 2 analyzes the effects of global environmental risks such as natural disasters, on the optimal management of a renewable resource. Chapter 3 introduces the possibility of discovering a new deposit at a random date. In chapter 4, we show how a continuous exploration effort can relax the availability constraint of a non-renewable resource. We also investigate the possibility of the economy to reach a sustainable growth path if the impatience of society is balanced by the positive effects of new deposit discoveries
Bon, Emmanuel. "Le drame des communaux : appropriation publique, privée, commune ou accès libre aux espaces-ressources naturels indiens ?" Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100157.
Full textIn addition to the 143 millions hectares of cultivated lande, 90 millions hectares of wastelands, pastures and forest - i. E. 30 % of the Indian territory - are de facto hold as common property resources (CPRs). The magnitude of CPRs atteste for thé résilience of longestablished management systems and customary institutions in India. However, thé régulation and control of appropriation rights of natural resources remains contested domains. Beyond thé vain debate between rationality of homo economicus versus irrationality of thé world peasantry, actual situation is a more or less open access to most uncultivated land and renewable resources that is prejudicial to both thé citizen, thé State and nature itself. Main objective is to address theoretical and practical issues related to thé management of renewable resources. Does common property resources a universal cause of environmental tragedy or a pragmatic solution to thé overexploitation of renewable resources in developing countries?
Deybe, Daniel. "Politiques pour une agriculture durable : essai sur la gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010033.
Full textNatural resources depletion and increasing food requirements of world population generate a problem of sustainability of agricultural production systems. The notion of "sustainable agriculture" tries to bring an answer to this problem. This work is focused on the soil, a renewable and depletable resource. Fundamental for agricultural production. After discussing the characteristics of this resource, a "bio-economic" model, considering bio-physical and socio-economic aspects of the different production systems, is utilized to evaluate short and long-term effects of different alternative policies at the individual as well as regional or village level
Ayong, Le Kama Alain. "Ressources environnementales et soutenabilité de la croissance." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010027.
Full textThe aim of this Ph. D. Thesis is to analyze the link between economic growth and environment. We have tried to set a framework which can allow to build environmental policies that insure sustainability of economic growth in the long run. In the first part, we propose a study which supposes that the authorities in charge of environmental policies have a complete knowledge of the structure of natural phenomena technologies and current and future preferences. After a brief survey of the literature, we use a simple model to study conditions in which the economy can evolve along a win-win balanced growth path in the first chapter. In the second chapter, we provide an ethical study of the sustainability concept. In the second part of this thesis, we evaluate the relevance of the models studied before knowing that the main difficulty to come to a decision today in terms of environmental policy is due to our complete ignorance of its long-run consequences, we wonder on the effects of the introduction of environmental uncertainties on the decisions of the central planner. The third chapter analyses two types of environmental uncertainties one is about future generations preferences and the other is on the evolution of environmental resource's stock. At last, in the fourth chapter, we use a microeconomic approach to study the consumers behavior with environmental uncertainty
Diarra, Marimantia. "L'opération de développement intégré du Kaarta (O. D. I. K. ) vue à travers les territoires de Diaman Konkan et de Kourougue : une étude des problèmes de conservation des ressources naturelles dans le cadre des opérations de développement rural (ODR) du Mali." Caen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CAEN1013.
Full textBarrière, Olivier. "Gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables et conservation des écosystèmes au Sahel : le foncier-environnement." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010299.
Full textThe objet of the study is related to the research on a coviability between humans and ecosystems within a sahelian context whose environmental, socioeconomical and political data have deeply evolued since at least twenty years. An approach based on the anthropo-juridical study of the various exploitation systems and their interactions infers the fundamental imbrication of the land (defined as the substrate support of the biotic elements and the ecological process) and of the environment (composed in particular of the renewed resources as stakes of power relations). This approach in environmental law is made from a methodological attitude taking into account three observation scales : the village territory, the province and the region. Constituing the binomial spaceresource as unit of observation and as operative concept in every scales, it explores the relation man-natural environment by decorticating the land tenure frame of each of the exploitation systems taken individually and in interaction with the others. The aim is to think the principles of a right considering the interactions which weigh on the behaviour of individuals, on their decision and their action in terms of management of natural resources and which integrate the necessity of the longterme coviability of the biodiversity and of the cultural diversity. This right should constitute a change lever and allow to move from the conflicting and disorganized situation that the analysis of the social structures shows to a juridical situation where the liberty margin of the social actors and their respective responsability shares are clarified in accordance with the rights they have on the space-resources and in which they must be, in other respects, secured
Piazza, Chifflet Adriana. "Modèles mathématiques pour la gestion optimale des ressources renouvelables : une application à la gestion soutenable d'une forêt mélangée." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20095.
Full textLages, Vinicius Nobre. "Modalités de mise en valeur de ressources renouvelables dans le tropique humide : une étude comparative de l'agriculture sur le littoral de l'État d'Alagoas (Brésil) et du Kerala (Inde)." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0025.
Full textEmperaire, Laure. "Végétation et gestion des ressources naturelles dans la Caatinga du sud-est du Piaui, Brésil." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604885r.
Full textBrithmer, Ronald. "Approche écologique de la gestion des ressources naturelles sur le littoral : exemples de la Martinique." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30037.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the coast line of martinique. It's got two essential purposes. - in a first time to study the ecological parameters (ground, climate) which govern the installation of the different environments encountered on the coastline. - in a second time to make some proposals in order to manage the natural resources. So, this document in structured in four parts : - a report as an "inventory of fixtures" of the coastline of martinique. It develops the physical aspects as well as the human resources. - some technical uses of the ecological and above all clematic given informations in order to have a thematic cartograph y of the island and to clonclude a bioclimatic map of this department. - two concrete practices regarding the management of the naturel resources : an approach of the legislature concerning the surroundings of the coastline to be protected and the forestation of some cleaned areas from endermic vegetable species. - some perspective to manage and follow up the natural resources from the use of satellite pictures spot
Emperaire, Laure. "Végétation et gestion des ressources naturelles dans la caatinga du sud-est du Piaui (Brésil)." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066359.
Full textAvilés, Benitez Anastasia. "Gestion soutenable des ressources naturelles et proximité, le cas de l'agriculture de dehesa en Andalousie." Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE21043.
Full textPronier, Olivier. "Analyse des peuplements ichtyologiques des plans d'eau français et perspectives de gestion piscicole." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT010A.
Full textGutierrez, Edgar. "Territoire, saisonnalité et gestion des ressources en Amazonie vénézuelienne." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0055.
Full textEl objetivo de esta tesis consiste en poner en evidencia cómo una comunidad amerindia arawako de la Amazonia venezolana se representa su medio y las prácticas que aplica en la gestión de los espacios y ecosistemas. Los datos reunidos en este trabajo, de carácter interdisciplinario, intentan responder a los distintos tipos de problemas que se plantean en la delimitación de un territorio indígena, en particular con relación a su construcción social. Para eso, esta memoria consagra una primera parte a presentar generalidades sobre el contexto geográfico, ecológico, histórico y cultural del oeste de la Amazonia venezolana donde esta establecida la comunidad autóctona que fue objeto de nuestro estudio. Luego, presenta un cuadro general de vida de los habitantes de La Comunidad, discutiendo brevemente de su pertenencia étnica y los distintos tipos de responsabilidad en la vida social. Su vida religiosa se abordó también, en la medida en que ésta tiene una incidencia sobre la gestión de los recursos naturales. Diversas variables culturales se combinan en la representación que los habitantes se hacen de su territorio y el conocimiento que tienen de éste. En primer lugar, se compiló datos históricos sobre la ocupación del espacio por los habitantes de La Comunidad. Luego se expone la influencia de las variaciones espacio-temporales de los factores hídricos y climáticos sobre el carácter estacional de la disponibilidad cualitativa y cuantitativa de los recursos florísticos y faunísticos, asi como su relación con las actividades productivas. Presentamos a continuación las distintas categorías ecológicas reconocidas por los habitantes en su medio, en relación con la utilización del territorio. Luego se examina la forma en que los habitantes de La Comunidad se representan su territorio y tienen en cuenta las relaciones con los seres espirituales. Por último, se examina el resultado de la representación que se hacen de su territorio, sobre la base de la combinación de todos esos elementos, que conjugan observaciones e imaginario. Terminaremos por una exposición sobre el análisis de distintos derechos de propiedad, de derechos de uso y de modalidades de apropiación del territorio y los recursos, respecto a derechos expresados por la legislación del Estado venezolano. Los dos últimos capítulos se consagran a generalidades sobre la alimentación para, a continuación, examinar en detalle su relación con las distintas prácticas vinculadas a la utilización del medio: la agricultura, la pesca, la caza y la recolección. La conclusión destaca la dificultad de las poblaciones indígenas para hacer corresponder lo mejor posible sus representaciones del territorio que reivindican, donde rigen normas precisas de acceso, con una lógica del Estado venezolano que les es extranjera. La presión exterior sobre su mundo cultural les lleva actualmente a reducir el espacio de producción y extracción de los recursos alimentarios y, por lo tanto, la durabilidad de la agricultura y la transmisión de sus conocimientos, exceptuando los espacios sujetos a la influencia de los seres espirituales
The purpose of this thesis is to show how an Amerindian Arawakan community of the Venezuelan Amazon basin represents itself its environment and the practices that it applies for the management of the spaces and the ecosystems. The data showed in this interdisciplinary work, is an attempt to answer the different questions posed about the delimitation of indigenous people's territories, particularly related to its social structure. The first part of this memory presents an overview of the geographic, historical and cultural context of the west Amazon Venezuelan basin, where the autochthon community object of our research inhabits. Then, a general table of life about the inhabitants of La Comunidad is presented, discussing briefly their ethnic identity and the different types of membership's responsibilities in the social life. Their religious life have been analysed as long as it affects the natural resources management. Several cultural variables are combined in the form the inhabitants use to present their territory and knowledge they have of it. Firstly, we gathered historical data on the occupation of space by the inhabitants of La Comunidad. Then we expose the influence of the space-time variations of the hydrous and climatic factors on of the qualitative and quantitative availabilities of the floristic and animal resources and their relationship to the productive activities. Then, we present the various ecological categories recognized by the inhabitants in their environment related to the use of the territory. Afterwards, we examine the way the inhabitants of La Comunidad represent their territory and take into account the relations with the spiritual beings. Finally, we review the results of the representation they made of their territory, based on the combination of all these elements, conjugating observations and imaginary. We will finish exposing the analysis of the property rights, and the methods of appropriation of the territory and the resources, compared to the rights expressed by the legislation of the Venezuelan Administration. The two final chapters are dedicated to general information related to the food, in order to examine in detail its relationship with the different practices linked to the use of the medium: agriculture, fishing, hunting, and the gathering. The conclusion emphasizes the difficulty of the indigenous populations trying to link, in the best possible way, their representations of their territory, to the precise access rules asserted by the administrative logic of the State, which is foreign for them. This external pressure over their cultural world currently leads them to reduce the space of production and extraction of the alimentary resources and, consequently, the durability of agriculture and transmission of their knowledge, excepting the spaces subjected to the influence of the spiritual beings
Foufou, Ammar. "La gestion paysanne des ressources naturelles dans le Bas-Sahara algérien : cas de Ouargla et Biskra." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30022.
Full textBiskra and Ouargla are two sub-units which are home of the Bas-Sahara, where the economy and the population are soaring. They are characterized by the coexistence of two forms of agricultural production in different ways and factors of production available, one capitalist and another one traditional and suburban. The traditional form is facing a difficult, economic, social, hydrological and agricultural reality. Its current operation is subject to secular’s peasant’s rules and methods, but has difficulty to the two speeds socio-economic change. The management of agricultural space in the two sub-assemblies can not be dissociated from the regional or local level, because natural resources are unevenly distributed. The rural population is made up of family and composed. Agricultural land is a fundamental element of their attachment to their space. Its operation is subject to specific methods of a sahara’s peasant. The management of water as a valuable natural resource in such an area is subject to rules and methods based on equity, solidarity and discipline. The external links of this space are first based, on the relationship between themselves as producers, the market for the marketing and supply, market and professional bodies. Relations peasant-farmer, farmers' market and farm-workers are much stronger than that maintained with the State, as a player in the functioning of this area consists mainly of intensive and often aging, especially in Ouargla. These farms are not immune to the biotic and abiotic threats, which jeopardizes their sustainability over time, although some farmers show their determination to go far in their investment and their expansion, if conditions are favorable. This determination leaves some hope for the traditional survive longer
Sarr, Mamadou. "Étude critique d'un thème d'éducation relative à l'environnement : l'utilisation rationnelle et la gestion des ressources naturelles." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077221.
Full textFache, Élodie. "Impérialisme écologique ou développement ? : Les acteurs de la gestion des ressources naturelles à Ngukurr en Australie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3037.
Full textIn Northern Australia, a new category of Indigenous social actors emerged in the 1990s: “rangers”. Their jobs and programmes are based on the professionalization and formalization of “traditional” responsibilities for the land and sea. They are presented as natural resource management and biodiversity conservation mechanisms controlled by Indigenous communities and as a basis for local “development”.This thesis proposes a critical view of the ranger system, starting from the following question: is this system a form of “ecological imperialism”? The ethnography (2009-2010) of the social interactions at work in the activities of the Ngukurr community's ranger group (Arnhem Land, Northern Territory) is combined with a contextualization and an analysis linking local, regional and national levels with the international discourse.The ranger system reflects various endogenous and exogenous logics that go beyond its stated aims of environmental and socioeconomic resilience. It is based on complex power relations and negotiations between the different actors involved (including the Australian State), between “traditional ecological knowledge” and science, and between local and bureaucratic social relationships. This study reveals the bureaucratization process and the many external interventions and ambivalences inherent in this system which (re)produces social distinctions and tensions. It also highlights the mediator or broker role played by the rangers as well as the ambiguous position of the researcher in such a context
Magné, Bertrand. "Changement climatique et ordre optimal d'exploitation des ressources." Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10069.
Full textWe study the origin of carbon emissions which lead to climate change, owing to the theory of natural resource management. Our simulations of the energy market show that in the long run, alternative energy sources, such as solar and nuclear, progressively substitute to fossil sources under reasonable cost decrease assumptions. We analyze the order of exploitation of a fossil resource and its clean substitute when the pollution accumulation is capped. New simulations emphasize the benefits of the early adoption of a cheap substitute. The pollution abatement reduces appreciably the externality cost of climate change. We finally model the nuclear fuel cycle linking the flows and stocks of fissil materials that supply a nuclear fleet. We exhibit the need for fast breeder reactors if uranium ore and nuclear technology are to be used massively in order to mitigate climate change
Ranaivomanana, Lala N. J. "Identification des conditions d’appropriation de la gestion durable des ressources naturelles et des écosystèmes : Cas du grand récif de Toliara." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007NSARH068.
Full textChaussée, François. "La mer de Barents et ses rivages : de l'exploitation d'un espace à la préservation d'un territoire." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT3005.
Full textThe Barents Sea is today mostly known for its environmental problems due to nuclear contamination. However, the study of this northern maritim system (sea and coastlines) situated beyond 70. North and which spans more than 10 degrees of latitude, is clearly more complex and can not be restricted to the legitimate ecological broadcasted by the western media. With this latitude, this geographical sytem can be qualified of exceptional because of its physical and climatic characteristics for this latitude. Its incredible ecosystem and geology, gifts of nature, makes the Barents Sea a sea plenty in resources. This geographical margin is occupied by man in a complex and heteogeneous way. Some used to ponctually draw some of its resources. But little by little, exogenous powers started to corner the place which made it a rim. . The geographic rim was put in the heart of global and regional strategic issues
From its rim status, the region slightly became periphery status, with all that created in terms of dependence, when the different exogenous actors started to massively exploit the important resources. This semantic slide from the concept of margin to rim, then to periphery, takes place in a long and complex process. A diachronic analysis focused on a territorial systemogenesis allows us to better understand this area and defines the different historical pulsations that assaulted the region. The result of this was a terrible race towards confrontation and fragmentation. Our thesis is ambitious. It consists to affirm that we are witnessing a territorial recomposition the birth of a more coherent and homogenous territory. Indeed, there is today two distinct geographical objects, one Russian and one Norwegian, but the geopolitical ambitions of all kinds are great to bring a new territory. The emergence of a new territory, comes firstly by creating tools and integrated global management, for which all spheres of society must be taken into account. Norway has played in this area a leading role
Brou, Ettien. "Gouvernance des ressources naturelles : contribution méthodologique d'une démarche multicritère à composante délibérative : application au projet de définition du plan de gestion des marais côtiers Tanoé Ehy." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS019S.
Full textRural communauties, entrepreneurs, Technical departments, ecologist movements etc. , how to find an agreement when it’s necessary to develop a policy guiding the management of natural resources in sustainable context? This question presupposes the implementation of methods, techniques and tools which should help to structure relationship between the different actors and their respective complex value systems. The INTEGRAALTM approach of multi-criteria and deliberative assessment includes a set of tools for a comprehensive, functional and interactive analysis. It should help to structure and analyze stakeholders' preferences in participatory decision-making process. Throughout present thesis, we analyze its contributions for managing common pool resources in rural territories. An application is dedicated to the problem of collective choice in Tanoé-Ehy’s coastal swamps management project (Côte d’Ivoire)
Poder, Emmanuel. "Programmation par contraintes et ordonnancement de tâches avec consommation variable de ressource." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21374.
Full textDiaby, Moussa. "Apport de l'analyse multicritère à la gestion d’une ressource agricole : cas de l'hévéa en Afrique." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN0665.
Full textThe main objective of this study is to settle a rigorous field of decision analysis for rubber tree clones selection. Nowadays there does not exist any process based upon a strict method to select the right clone for the right place to get the highest return on investment. The only known selection method is to use the experience of different protagonists acting in the plantation. So, we need a tool that takes into account very important criteria in order to achieve the main objective. This goal is reached using three multicriteria methods as Electre III, SMAA II and Multicriteria Approval. The comparison and the choice of rubber tree clones are always a multicriteria approach with evaluations which vary according to the ecological sites. The step leading to experimentation-recommendation had formalized, but without clarifying the way of treating the uncertainty attached to the variation of the data and the variable importance of the various criteria. The multicriteria methods are interesting because they allow us to pursue the objective of clones’ classification with more differentiating and a different approach basing on a systematic comparison of all pairs of clones
Azizi, Jamal. "Gestion des ressources naturelles non renouvelables : Équilibre du marché, impacts socio-économiques et canaux potentiels de malédiction des ressources -Une application au Phosphate-." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM030/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to examine the sustainable management of non-renewable resources in general and phosphate rock in particular. The first chapter presents the current situation, future trends and geopolitical issues pertaining to the global phosphate market. The analysis shows a large deficit in world phosphate supply in the future, inciting producers with sufficient phosphate reserves to invest in new capacities. The second chapter develops a multi-leader-multi-follower Stackelberg model, calibrated using real data from the phosphate market. This model derives the optimal future capacities for different producers according to their reserve levels and their development costs. The results show that the market would become more concentrated in 2100, with Morocco being the dominante country wich already holding three quarters of the world's reserves. The third chapter presents and calculates the linkage effects generated by Morocco’s phosphates exploitation. Using the Input-Output model, the proposed empirical analysis compares the socio-economic impacts of extraction to those related to transformation or valorization. The results of this analysis show that phosphates transformation is more linked to the other sectors and generates higher socio-economic impacts in terms of added value, income and employement. The last chapter contributes to the literature on the natural resources curse by linking agricultural performance and urbanization to the abundance of resources. The empirical study, based on a panel of African countries, shows a significant link between the abundance of mineral resources, the underdevelopment of the agricultural sector and urban explosion
Zarrella, André-Dominique. "La politique internationale des pêcheries en Méditerranée : exploitation, gestion et conservation des ressources naturelles de la mer." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON10008.
Full textMediterranean sea is actually suffering from an overfishing of its resources because of a lack of an international control policy of its fisheries. There is urgency and at the same time difficulties to cure this delicate situation, so many are the conflicts between traditional fisheries and states in Mediterranean sea. It seems impossible to adapt the oceanic fisheries control policy to the Mediterranean sea. The only solution is to create a project of partition of its natural resources from the new international law of the sea and concept of enclosed sea