Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gestion durable des ressources'
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Alachi, Ezei Kali. "La gestion durable des ressources en eau au Niger." Limoges, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIMO1004.
Full textThe Analysis of the sustainable management of water resources in Niger area reveals that the development of its contemporary water law and strategies are influenced by western legal models and water policies. Before the domination of occidental models, customary mechanisms and traditional techniques belonging to water resources management allowed sustainable use of these last ones. They still enjoy the social legitimacy and are widely applied in rural areas through all Africa. This situation involves the phenomenon of legal pluralism, because the African States, in particular French-speaking, immortalized the western legal models, instead of conceiving strategies adapted to local realities. This paradoxical situation puts not only difficulties of management for national waters and shared basins in particular Niger River and Chad Lake, but also the challenge of the effectiveness of human right for the drinking water. Indeed, national and regional water laws, basin commissions set up after African independence do not answer the requirements of sustainable, integrated water resource management for the benefit of present and future generations. Answering these incapacities and constraints implies that cultural dimensions, local knowledge in water or environment sector have to be recognized and valued by international, regional and national actions. This perspective will facilitate the elaboration of regulations adapted to local preoccupations, the consolidation of shared water committees, and the implementation of participative strategies and contribute for the durability of actions for management of water resource in Niger area
Huitelec, Richard. "Le développement durable et la gestion locale des ressources énergétiques." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40011.
Full textChamich, Mohamed. "Gestion des conflits liés aux ressources naturelles dans l'arganeraie de Souss (Maroc)." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20098.
Full textThe forest of argan tree is an agro-sylvo-pastoral ecosystem of a very big originality. The agrarian system articulates around three major productions: the products of the argan tree, the breeding and the agriculture. This resource, for a long time plentiful, became rare because of an intense exploitation on behalf of the rustic communities, the breeders nomads and foresters. This situation compromises the economic development of the region. The economic, social and political transformations have an obvious effect on the relations which the various factors maintain with the forest of argan tree. The revealing of the multiplicity of the actors and the functions of the argan tree explains the development of the conflicts concerning the usage of this resource. The present work has as an objective, on one hand, to demonstrate the problem of the conflicts in the arganeraie of Souss, notably the identification of the conflicts and the analysis of the various socioeconomic stakes in these conflicts (causes, implied persons, nature and impact). And on the other hand, study the various mechanisms contributing to the management and to the neutralization of these conflicts, and consequently, insure one long-lasting local development of this territory. To do it, we proceeded to individual and collective interviews with various factors involved in the management of the arganeraie (farmers, breeders, waterworks and Forests, etc. ) It is necessary to note that the resolution of the conflicts is strictly connected to the cultural specificities, to the community structures and to the type of communication between users. This resolution remains at present difficult and ambiguous because of the presence of several factors: Users of the arganeraie of Souss, and the pluri-institutional device
Labrossse, Alexis. "Gestion optimale des ressources et développement durable pour une entreprise forestière." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ38123.pdf.
Full textReynaud, Arnaud. "Gestion durable d'une ressource naturelle : le cas du système aquifère girondin." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10023.
Full textTrinh, Bich-Thuy. "Diversification des ressources du réseau d’eau non potable parisien : contribution à une gestion durable des ressources en eau." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1219/document.
Full textAt the scale of a city, a sustainable water management raises questions about the links between uses and resources: what water quality is needed for what purpose? The Parisian context is a favourable ground for conducting such type of reflection thanks to the existence of a non-potable water network (RENP) dating from the late nineteenth century. The network is currently supplied by summarily filtrated water from the Seine river (20%) and the canal de l’Ourcql (80%). It is mainly used for municipal purposes: Parisian streets and sewers cleaning, water supply of artificial lakes and green areas watering. An alternative model of water management at Parisian scale is today possible thanks to the decision of the City of Paris in March 2012 to maintain and rehabilitate its RENP. This decision has been confirmed by the approval by the Council of Paris in September 2015 of the master plan of the RENP and its uses (“Schéma directeur des usages et du réseau d’eau non potable de Paris”) for the period of 2015-2020. The public company Eau de Paris, responsible for the water service in Paris, is mandated to implement the decisions and orientations of the master plan. In the context of pressure reduction on natural resources, one potential evolution of the RENP management is its resources diversification. The considered potential resources are mine water, treated wastewater, rain water and swimming pool water. The research raises the following question: How and under what conditions can the RENP supply be sustainably managed on the Parisian territory? In order to answer this question, one first carries out a description of the current situation, then one identifies the potential resources and the associated risen questions. Two approaches are proposed afterwards. The first approach involves the definition of several choices of RENP resource repartition, called scenarii. These scenarii are assessed and compared through performance indicators. The second approach consists of the characterization of the actors’ positions regarding the RENP resource diversification. The characterization of the positions is achieved through conducting semi-structured interviews. Results of both approaches are finally discussed.The results of the research will enable to re-examine the question of the relationship between the water uses and the required water quality. It will highlight the brakes and levers for the valorization of alternative resources to drinking water. It will enrich the reflections on the status of drinking water in the context of sustainable water management
Del, Campo Stellio. "Interdépendances entre l'équité intra et intergénérationnelle dans la gestion durable des ressources environnementales." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100159/document.
Full textThis dissertation proposes to show the interest of considering simultaneously intra and intergenerational equity for environmental resources management issues. More specifically, the dissertation examines the trade-offs between these two dimensions of equity to define an equitable allocation of resources over time and within generations. Inequalities between two heterogeneous regions are considered. The first chapter focuses on sustaining the highest level of welfare over time, through the maximin criterion, when the economy has an intragenerational inequality aversion. Counter-intuitively, the region with the lower resource stock pays a higher price for overall sustainability. The second chapter examines growth toward the maximum sustainable level of welfare, the golden rule. Similarly, the region with the lower resource stock shall contribute more to the growth, by limiting relatively more its consumption. The third chapter examines the transfers that shall be made from the well-off to the worse-off region. The transfer shall either be a lump-sum or proportional to the consumption of the contributing region, depending on whether the objective is to promote or to limit its consumption. In any case, the worst-off region receives a compensatory transfer for the constraint imposed on it
Deybe, Daniel. "Politiques pour une agriculture durable : essai sur la gestion des ressources naturelles renouvelables." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010033.
Full textNatural resources depletion and increasing food requirements of world population generate a problem of sustainability of agricultural production systems. The notion of "sustainable agriculture" tries to bring an answer to this problem. This work is focused on the soil, a renewable and depletable resource. Fundamental for agricultural production. After discussing the characteristics of this resource, a "bio-economic" model, considering bio-physical and socio-economic aspects of the different production systems, is utilized to evaluate short and long-term effects of different alternative policies at the individual as well as regional or village level
Le, Gallic Bertrand. "Modélisation bioéconomique et gestion durable d'un système complexe de ressources communes renouvelables : application au cas des pêcheries de la Manche." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES6001.
Full textMbakidi, Horsini Leandre. "Gestion forestière durable et intégration sous-régionale en Afrique Centrale." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS020S.
Full textEnvironmental issues have in recent years become so important on the international scene it is today inconceivable to develop a forestry policy framework which is not oriented towards the sustainable management of forest resources and the conservation of biological diversity sity found in natural areas. The Central African countries are particularly affected by this double challenge as they host the second World Heritage tropical forest. The forest estate has a unique biodiversity, described as second only to the planet because of its contribution to global ecological balance. The Central African forests are under increasing human pressure: hunting and habitat degradation, by extension of agricultural land, energy needs and, above all uncontrolled logging. Concerns about forest management practices in this area therefore require the introduction of changes in their application for a sustainable forest management. A common approach to Central African countries in managing forest resources seems necessary to contribute to sustainable development in the sub-region and the global ecological balance. The issue of forests in Central Africa thus refers to a process of regional integration in the forest sector as a "tool" of interest to the sustainable management of forests and to increase its economic and social contribution to the sub-regional economies
OULD, EL JOUD MOHAMED YESLEM. "Gestion durable des ressources en eau du bassin sud-ouest mauritanien geologie, hydrogeologie et modelisation." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE5133.
Full textAmilien, Caroline. "Droit international et gestion durable des forêts tropicales." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX32004.
Full textInternational cooperation for sustainable management of tropical forests faces two obstacles. On the one hand, because of the principle of sovereignty over natural resources, international rules regarding forest management evolve slowly. To date, proposals for a convention on global forest have failed. Other conventions indirectly or sectorally applying to tropical forests are weak. Sovereignty over natural resources also explains enthousiasm for soft-law, which is adaptable. Programs, such as the tropical forestry action program, and statements are numerous, while binding principles are few and vague. On the other hand, the effectiveness of international instruments related to tropical forest conservation has been limited by development and trade policies. Since 1972, interdependence between environment and development is increasingly recognized by economic and financial institutions. However, reforms are often insufficient or uncomplete. In addition, conflicts among existing international policies remain numerous. Harmonization among international instruments, and collaboration among international organizations are required to reach a coherent and effective international system promoting tropical forest sustainable management
Gagnon, Pierre-Luc, and Pierre-Luc Gagnon. "La transition institutionnelle vers la durabilité dans la gestion étatique des ressources naturelles au Canada : le cas du Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23667.
Full textLa croissance économique s’est appuyée, depuis l’ère industrielle, sur un fort apport en ressources naturelles. Si la plupart des pays industrialisés opèrent désormais dans une économie davantage axée sur la technologie et les services, il n’en demeure pas moins que le milieu naturel demeure soumis à un ensemble de pressions provenant du commerce des ressources naturelles, de la pollution, de la croissance de la population humaine, de la désintégration des grands écosystèmes ainsi que de la précarisation de la biodiversité. La montée en puissance de groupes environnementaux et le soutien public que ceux-ci ont su mobiliser pour la protection de l’environnement ont favorisé la mise à l’agenda politique d’une gestion étatique de l’environnement axée sur la durabilité. La présente thèse s’intéresse à l’intégration de critères de durabilité dans la gestion étatique des ressources naturelles. À cet égard, la thèse adopte un cadre analytique fondé sur deux axes. Les changements institutionnels s’appuyant sur les règles formelles forment le premier axe. Le deuxième axe s’articule autour de la gestion même des ressources naturelles, c’est-à-dire des modes de gestion traditionnelle, scientifique, adaptative et écosystémique. Après avoir situé la gestion étatique des ressources naturelles dans le cadre fédéral canadien, la thèse effectue une analyse de l’intégration des critères de gestion écosystémique aux règles formelles encadrant la gestion des ressources naturelles aux paliers fédéral et québécois. La thèse conclut en spécifiant que les processus de développement durable institutionnalisés aux deux paliers de gouvernement n’ont pas mené à l’adoption d’un cadre cohérent de gestion écosystémique des ressources naturelles. De plus, un ensemble de manquements aux deux paliers de gouvernement en ce qui concerne la gestion écosystémique des ressources naturelles ont été observés, plus spécifiquement en ce qui concerne le suivi et le contrôle des ressources.
Since the beginning of the industrial age, plentiful natural resources have been the driving force behind economic growth. Although the economies of most industrialized nations are now based more on technology and services, the natural environment is still subjected to pressure from a variety of sources: natural resource trade, pollution, human population growth, the disintegration of large ecosystems, and diminished biodiversity. The rise in power of environmental groups and their success in generating public support for environmental protection have put sustainability-based state management of the environment on the political agenda. This thesis explores the integration of sustainability criteria in state management of natural resources. It studies this issue using a two-axis analytical framework. The first one centers on institutional change through formal rules and the second on the actual management of natural resources (traditional, scientific, adaptive or ecosystemic management). After situating state management of natural resources within the Canadian federal framework, the thesis analyzes the integration of ecosystemic management criteria in the formal rules governing natural resource management at the federal and Quebec levels. The thesis concludes by explaining that the sustainable development processes institutionalized at both levels of government have not led to the adoption of a coherent framework for the ecosystemic management of natural resources. A number of deficiencies in the ecosystemic management of natural resources were observed at both levels of government, particularly with regard to resource monitoring and control.
Since the beginning of the industrial age, plentiful natural resources have been the driving force behind economic growth. Although the economies of most industrialized nations are now based more on technology and services, the natural environment is still subjected to pressure from a variety of sources: natural resource trade, pollution, human population growth, the disintegration of large ecosystems, and diminished biodiversity. The rise in power of environmental groups and their success in generating public support for environmental protection have put sustainability-based state management of the environment on the political agenda. This thesis explores the integration of sustainability criteria in state management of natural resources. It studies this issue using a two-axis analytical framework. The first one centers on institutional change through formal rules and the second on the actual management of natural resources (traditional, scientific, adaptive or ecosystemic management). After situating state management of natural resources within the Canadian federal framework, the thesis analyzes the integration of ecosystemic management criteria in the formal rules governing natural resource management at the federal and Quebec levels. The thesis concludes by explaining that the sustainable development processes institutionalized at both levels of government have not led to the adoption of a coherent framework for the ecosystemic management of natural resources. A number of deficiencies in the ecosystemic management of natural resources were observed at both levels of government, particularly with regard to resource monitoring and control.
Dongmo, Ngoutsop Aimé Landry. "Territoires, troupeaux et biomasses : enjeux de gestion pour un usage durable des ressources au nord-cameroun." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005304.
Full textChiron, Thomas. "Quelle gestion durable des ressources en eau et du risque de penurie sur les petites îles ?" Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00281315.
Full textCertes, les politiques d'équipements hydrauliques des quarante dernières années ont globalement répondu, avec efficacité, à la très forte croissance des besoins hydriques, modifiant de fait les politiques locales de gestion de l'eau. Celle-ci n'est plus – a priori – une préoccupation majeure ni des gestionnaires ni des insulaires. L'analyse technico-économique montre que l'effort structurel réalisé a induit un surdimensionnement relatif des infrastructures et d'importants surinvestissements comparés aux moyennes régionales et nationales.
Pour autant, le risque de pénurie estivale n'est pas complètement jugulé et certaines îles restent vulnérables aux aléas climatiques : en témoigne la situation critique de Belle-Île pendant la sécheresse de 2005. En intégrant les composantes naturelles, anthropiques et infrastructurelles, l'estimation rétrospective et prospective du risque de pénurie constitue une approche nouvelle pour l'évaluation de la durabilité des politiques de gestion de la ressource en eau.
Baghdadi, Ibrahim. "Gestion stratégique des ressources, dynamique touristique et développement territorial durable : le cas de Kfardebian-Faraya (Liban)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENE016.
Full textIn its essence, it is situated at the point of encounter between two close but distinct disciplines; economics and management. More specifically, based on our academic background, and career, we focused our research efforts on mobilizing the concepts of strategic management for the benefit of an economic reflection dealing with the issue of sustainable territorial development in a mountainous region of Lebanon, namely the case of Kfardebian-Faraya. Taking into consideration the growth of environmental concerns and ecological anxiety, great importance is given ubiquitously, today, to the mode of utilization of natural resources, particularly those exhaustive or, in any case, considered as such. As generally known, tourism occupies a central position in the economy of many developing countries; Lebanon is not an exception, where it represents, in some years, more than 30% of the GDP. However, beyond its undeniable contributions in terms of production, employment, income, etc., the tourism dynamics in Lebanon revealed some drawbacks at economic, social and environmental levels. These limits are due mainly, in our opinion, to an irrational (not to say irresponsible) approach of managing local resources, as well as to a relative absence of rules that govern the performance of tourism professionals and the other players involved, in a way or another, in this activity. Through the analysis presented in this thesis, our effort has been to defend the principle of strategic management as a relevant mode of exploitation of local available resources, the aim being, in our case study as in others, a sustainable territorial development, integrating the economic, social and environmental dimensions, and based on the joint efforts of all local players. In this context, the field of empirical analysis that we have chosen, Kfardebian-Faraya, seemed to be particularly interesting; not only that this territory is located in Mount-Lebanon and characterized as a specialized touristic zone, but also, some tourism professionals present on this territory (Mzaar company that manages the ski station Mzaar, the Hotel Intercontinental Mzaar, the Village of Faqra Club...) are engaged in a process of strategic management (considered sustainable) of local resources. The results reached at the end of our research show that extending the concept of strategic management of resources from the enterprise level (micro-level) to the territory level (meso level) is of real relevance. As part of a territory project, integrating the economic, social and environmental dimensions, and integrating the different local players in a collective process of management, is a conductive approach to dynamism and sustainable territorial development. In the specific case of Kfardebian- Faraya, this dynamism may take place only under the guidance of the two municipalities which, as a fundamental actor, are able to promote participatory governance across the territory
Dongmo, Aimé Landry. "Territoires, troupeaux et biomasses : enjeux de gestion pour un usage durable des ressources au Nord-Cameroun." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2009. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005304/document.
Full textIn North Cameroon like in similar areas of Sudano-sahelian Africa, severe drought and high demographic pressure has resulted in an influx of migrant farmers and the settlement of pastoralists in the more humid and less saturated zones. Today, farmers are face with a continuous drop in crop yields, Pastoralists have difficulties in feeding their herds. Studies of crop and livestock farming systems and the analysis of their interactions have highlighted the need for better management of biomass. Results show that the use of organic manure by primary crop farmers is low compared to livestock owners who use copious quantities on their crop farms. As a consequence, they obtain much higher biomass yields on much smaller land areas. In the dry season, they use their ancestral right of free ranging to feed their animals on crop residues produced by farmers. During the rest of the year, part of their herd goes on transhumance towards favourable areas while the other part is maintained in the village near the family. Feeding the latter entails walking long distances each day through narrow passages in cultivated fields. Finally, the important part of biomass production in the village depends both on the practices of farmers (mineral and organic fertilisation) and those of herd owners (free ranging). Systems of better biomass management are suggested to improve the soil fertility and production in the short term through organic matter produced near the farm, manure produced in stables or on a fix parking lot, or in the medium term by zero-till and planting under mulch system. Conceptual modelling systems are then developed for sustainable management of biomass
Guezenoc, Julian. "AGROLIBS Spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser au service de la gestion durable des ressources agricoles." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0207.
Full textIn a context of global climate change, optimizing the management of agricultural resources, and in particular the mineral elements in soils, has become a major challenge. Mineral elements are at the same time indispensable resources for plant growth and carbon storage, potential pollutants in certain environmental compartments, and potentially toxic contaminants that can be transferred from plants to humans. Current methods for the determination of these elements are very costly in terms of time and money, and from an operational point of view, it is difficult in these conditions to carry out a frequent diagnosis in the field of a deficiency or contamination situation, or to characterize the spatio-temporal variability of the characteristics of an agricultural land.The recent emergence of portable sensors and systems has made it possible to develop new methods for measuring soil and plant properties and to complement or replace conventional laboratory techniques. This is the case of LIBS, a method of atomic emission spectroscopy from a laser-generated plasma, which is fast and green as it does not rely on the use of hazardous chemical reagents. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the LIBS method, and more precisely of a portable instrument, applied to the quantitative multi-elemental analysis of plant and agricultural soil samples. The evaluation of this method takes into account the sample preparation and processing steps of LIBS spectra. It was implemented according to three axes: i. The characterization of plant samples of various species under ideal conditions, ii. The characterization of soil samples representative of the major French agricultural crops (wheat, corn, sunflower) always under ideal conditions and iii. The study of the impact of factors degrading the measurement conditions in order to evaluate the possibility of implementing the LIBS technique outside the laboratory.Our study, based on the use of the SciAps Z300 LIBS, allowed the detection of the elements C, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Si and P, concentrated in the g/kg range in soil and plant samples, both in laboratory conditions and in deliberately degraded conditions. On the other hand, neither nitrogen nor the elements Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn could be detected in these samples. For the analysis of plant samples, the elements Ca, Fe, Mg, Na, and P were quantified using univariate regression models coupled with an adapted normalization strategy. Quantitative soil analysis required the use of PLS models to account for matrix effects. As regards the analyses in degraded conditions, we established, using an experimental design, that the moisture content, higher than 40% in plants and 20% in soils was one of the main obstacles to LIBS field analyses. We also showed that the drop in LIBS signal observed when the moisture content increases could be corrected by applying a normalization step.The results of our study are partially satisfactory in terms of the quantitative performance of the regression models, even under ideal laboratory conditions. The diversity of physico-chemical conditions encountered in the field means that direct LIBS analyses are clearly not realistic. The principle of a field laboratory, with simplified sample preparation, could however be envisaged, in order to place the LIBS technique at the heart of new sampling strategies in the context of precision agriculture
Abdoulaye, Moussa Abdoul Wahab. "Le concept de bassin en droit international : des ressources en eau au développement durable." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0020.
Full textBasin, long regarded as a unit of management of water resources, has undergone a profound change with the globalization of international environmental law in the 70s and the advent of the concept of human development in the 90s. From a spatial notion applied to water, it is now an applied concept of sustainable development, including its three pillars: economic, ecological and social. Its dimension as an object of international law continues to expand gradually, incorporating all the natural elements found in a specific area and majority of international watercourses law, international environmental law, ecosystems law, water cycle law and sustainable development law. But basins have also become real spaces of international relations, especially in developing countries, foremost among African states. Originally designed as to permit optimal and non-confrontational water resources use, they are now becoming real regional integration spaces of multidimensional nature, in which cooperation and conciliation of interests occupy a central place in the management and administration of natural resources in concert with stakeholders, prevention of disputes, their settlement, but above all, the implementation of a real sustainable development at the regional level
Lopera, Sergio Hernando. "Extraction pétrolière et politique énergétique durable : le cas colombien." Grenoble 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE21012.
Full textTorri, Maria Costanza. "La conservation et l'utilisation durable des ressources naturelles et la gestion participative, le cas de la région de la réserve naturelle des tigres de Sariska, Rajasthan, Inde /." Montpellier : CIHEAM-IAMM, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39950244c.
Full textBibliogr. p. 210-215. Résumé en français et en anglais. CIHEAM = Centre international des hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes. IAMM = Institut agronomique méditerranéen de Montpellier.
Mabika, Jérôme. "Exploitation et gestion durable de la forêt gabonaise : analyse géographique et problèmes de gestion et d'aménagement forestier." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30037.
Full textMiller, Novadene. "Développement durable et gestion de l'eau dans la région des cockpits (Jamaïque) : efficience du discours, perception et usages, quelle durabilité ?" Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0377.
Full textThis dissertation examines the extent to which the local residents’ perspectives and practices linked to the use of natural resources, such as water, are sustainable. This includes an examination of the role of environmental and non-environmental drivers on water quality within the context of the livelihood systems in the Cockpit Country, Jamaica. The Cockpit Country region is defined by a rounded topography and karst geography, which plays a critical role in the hydrological system. Case study areas consisted of two principal categories: areas with water access points and areas without access points, as water use sources. The research uses an explanatory approach to establish causal linkages between local perspectives and usage of natural resources. New questions include a focus on water usage practices, water security, water access and sustainability within the socio geographic context of livelihood systems
Gross, Hélène. "Analyse managériale des rapports entre nature des outils et action pour la gestion agri-environnementale : Le cas de la gestion durable des ressources pastorales." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0044/document.
Full textManagers of pastoral areas find difficult to manage both pastoral and environmental resources. This issue raises the general question of the management of natural resources that take uncertainty into account and that of tools to be designed to help practitioners with this type of management. My aim is to contribute to our understanding of the way in which the cognitive content of a tool structures the user's action. One result is an analysis grid to explain the cognitive and managerial content of tools. The application of this framework to pastoral management tools shows that paradigms and postulates on which the tools are based strongly determine the action framework and that users adjust and supplement them with their own knowledge to adapt them to their use situation. These results contribute to reflections about these tools design
Romagny, Bruno. "Développement durable, bioéconomie et ressources renouvelables : réflexion sur les modes d'appropriation et de gestion de ces ressources : une remise en cause de la formalisation de la "tragédie" de l'accès libre par le dilemme du prisonnier." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE0035.
Full textThis thesis questions the theoretical foundations of the major economic models that lead to the recommendation of particular renewable resources appropriation modalities, with vital consequences for mankind's future. Indeed, according to the mainstream, it is the collective nature of these resources appropriation schemes which drive the individual tenants to exploit them, without considering the negative consequences of their activities. The dominant theoretical framework for the treatment of these questions of coordination between players in a renewable resource exploitation is linked to the question of externalities internalisation through the attribution of ownership rights. Thus, the "tragedy of the commons", often formalised trough the prisoner's dilemma game, is considered as a true paradigm by numerous economists, but also at the level of international organisations. In the first part of this thesis, the author analyses the genesis of sustainable development and of bioeconomics notions, going back to the evolution of the relations between economy and nature in the economic theory. In the second part, questioning the conventional analysis of resources over-exploitation in economy, and proposing a rehabilitation of appropriation schemes other than private and public, the author comes back to the initial model of the prisoner's dilemma, in order to propose a new development, based upon a bioeconomic model where the renewable resource itself reacts to the players strategies. This research leads to a fundamental challenge of the prisoner's dilemma as a pertinent metaphor of a renewable resource exploitation by two players
Ould, Brahim Mohamed. "La gestion des ressources halieutiques dans une optique de développement soutenable : application de l'aide multicritère à la décision au cas de la pêche industrielle mauritanienne." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0028.
Full textOur vital space and stock management fishery in general, as well as the sustainable development form part of the major concerns of our century. The objective of this work is to contribute in the making of a tool which will help in multicriteria decision-making for the installation of a sustainable management of the fishery resources in Mauritania. A general characterization of the problems of the management of fishery is made through the concept of sustainable development. In the competing current context, the developing countries in order to come out of their economic difficulties must provide for a better management of their natural resources. The precepts of the sustainable development show the real possibilities to achieve this goal. The need for exportation and the will to safeguard their fishing resources will make it necessary for the decision makers to find a compromise between the different sectors of the fisheries (economic, social, ecological, technological). These criteria, which allow an evaluation of the resource, are defined on the basis of the exploitation of the latter allowing to draft a list of the locally relevant criteria in dialogue with the decision makers and to provide easily comprehensible results. The decision makers will then be able to express their point of view fully informed of the major objectives of management on the level of Mauritania's industrial fishing which is our case of study. After having generated ten policies of management representing the various regulatory instruments and their combination, we noted each policy compared to the four criteria retained in our study in order to determine which one suited the best the decision criteria. We chose an application on Mauritania's industrial fishing because we think that it constitutes a case of interesting study. The taking into account of the environment, the social welfare of the population and the participation of decision makers concerned will be as many conditions relating to the sustainability of the envisaged organisation
Ranaivomanana, Lala N. J. "Identification des conditions d’appropriation de la gestion durable des ressources naturelles et des écosystèmes : Cas du grand récif de Toliara." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007NSARH068.
Full textRakotovao, Heriniaina Andriananja. "Gouvernance des ressources forestières et aide à la délibération : le cas de la gestion forestière de Manjakatompo." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS022S.
Full textWe argue here that participatory self-governance is a necessary solution to conserve forests in Madagascar and look towards sustainable local development, under certain conditions. One is the existence of a social learning system that provides opportunities for stakeholders to share their experience in a communication process. Last assessment of decentralization of resource management in Madagascar shows that stakeholders lack communication and local communities are weakly organised. This brings us to propose knowledge mediation so as to strengthen actors’ abilities to craft collective action. In this context, we explore the relevance and the limits of deliberative approach in terms of forestry governance through an experimentation of a deliberation support tool called the “deliberation matrix” in Manjakatompo, one region located at 85 km in southern of malagasy capital. It is a multistakeholders multi-criteria appraisal tool of a set of scenarios which aims to guide the stakeholders in governance of their commons resources
Nascimento, Januário da Rocha. "Gestion intégrée de l'eau et développement durable : le cas du Cap-Vert." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR066/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the problem of water use in a poor, vulnerable, semi-arid West African archipelago where the issue of water resources has always posed major problems, problems which five centuries of colonization were unable to solve. In an open, interdependent world in which issues of environmental sustainability, agricultural production, food security and the fight against poverty and in favor of development are major challenges for the planet and its inhabitants, integrated water resources management (IWRM) constitutes an interesting solution for an economy of water that responds to these difficulties in the country.The objective of the thesis is to contribute to the implementation of integral water resource management in the territory of the Republic of Cabo Verde. It questions the “adopted model” of hydraulic dams, with the example of the Polião Dam in Ribeira Seca valley, on the island of Santiago, the first dam built in Cabo Verde, with the help of the People’s Republic of China. It examines the role and effects of irrigation, the impacts of engaging therein on the local environment, and the socio-economic problems caused by water usage in the Ribeira Seca watershed.The thesis also uses international comparisons to raise questions related to the legal, regulatory and institutional governance of water in Cabo Verde. Finally, it proposes a water management model inspired by the Integrated Water Resources Management approach
A presente tese aborda a questão do uso da água num arquipélago Oeste Africano semiárido, pobre, vulnerável, onde a questão dos recursos hídricos sempre levantou problemas graves, que cinco séculos de colonização não conseguiram resolver. Num mundo interdependente e aberto, onde as questões de sustentabilidade ambiental, a produção agrícola, a segurança alimentar e a luta contra a pobreza e pelo desenvolvimento são as questões fundamentais para (a preservação) do planeta e seus habitantes, a gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos (GIRH) é uma solução interessante para uma economia cabo-verdiana da água que responda a estes desafios.O objetivo desta tese é o de contribuir para a implementação da GIRH no território da República de Cabo Verde. A tese questiona sobre o "modelo transferido " de barragens, como por exemplo o da Barragem de Poilão na Ribeira Seca, na ilha de Santiago, a primeira barragem construída em Cabo Verde, com a ajuda da Cooperação chinesa. A tese examina o papel e os efeitos da irrigação, o impacto da sua implementação no ambiente local, assim como os problemas socioeconómicos causados pelo uso da água na bacia hidrográfica de Ribeira Seca.A tese interroga-se sobre a questão da governança jurídica, regulamentar e institucional da água em Cabo Verde, usando o direito comparado internacional. Finalmente, a tese oferece um modelo de gestão da água, com base na abordagem GIRH
Amorsi, Natacha. "La gestion durable de l'eau : l'apport de la Matrice de le Délibération à l'évaluation économique. Etude de cas: la nappe des calcaires de Champigny." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS044S.
Full textThe characterisation of water is strongly related to the functions and services delivered by the water. Nevertheless, a consensual approach relies on the fact that “the water is not a private good as the others”. Therefore the analysis of the natural capital ‘water’ challenges the standard economic approaches. The market mechanisms are not efficient for goods that are non exclusive and non rival. Environmental governance issues are characterised by uncertainty and complexity often embedded in incomplete information. In the context of the sustainable development which supports to reconcile the economic, social and environmental dimensions, one major challenge is the public participation in the water policy. Non expert knowledge should enhance scientific knowledge for two main reasons: in order to complete the information as well as to raise the social acceptability of water management measures. Our research explored how deliberative approach organised with virtual tools support the economic evaluation for water sustainable management. We showed multi-criteria analysis is complementary to cost benefit and cost effective analysis, highlighting their capacities to mobilise and structure different kind of knowledge. The first version of the Deliberation Matrix has been developed for our case study: Champigny aquifer. The concept is embedded in a multi-criteria and multi-actors analysis structured with governance issues and potential futures of the aquifer. The transposition of the concept to the deliberation tool Champigny DST answers some of the Science Society Interface challenges
Brou, Ettien. "Gouvernance des ressources naturelles : contribution méthodologique d'une démarche multicritère à composante délibérative : application au projet de définition du plan de gestion des marais côtiers Tanoé Ehy." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS019S.
Full textRural communauties, entrepreneurs, Technical departments, ecologist movements etc. , how to find an agreement when it’s necessary to develop a policy guiding the management of natural resources in sustainable context? This question presupposes the implementation of methods, techniques and tools which should help to structure relationship between the different actors and their respective complex value systems. The INTEGRAALTM approach of multi-criteria and deliberative assessment includes a set of tools for a comprehensive, functional and interactive analysis. It should help to structure and analyze stakeholders' preferences in participatory decision-making process. Throughout present thesis, we analyze its contributions for managing common pool resources in rural territories. An application is dedicated to the problem of collective choice in Tanoé-Ehy’s coastal swamps management project (Côte d’Ivoire)
DANTAS, DE AQUINO MARISETTE. "Gestion des ressources hydriques et le developpement durable dans la region semi-aride du nordeste bresilien : le cas du ceara." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0061.
Full textThis thesis presents a reflection on one of the most serious problems of management of water resources in the state of ceara, in northeastern brazil, and offers the strategies for an integrated management. Water is a scarce resource in most of the state, especially in rural areas, and influences the migrations from the countryside to urban centres. The water is a factor that conditions the life but its availability is again strongly affected by drought, with a risk of a lack of water for the drinking, for agricultural activities, for cattle-needs, as well as for industry and tourism. In this work, we have sought to identify natural physical and biological resources available in the state of ceara at the catchment level, by making the inventory of all storage infrastructures, water reservoirs and underground and surface water resources, so as to propose strategies for the sustainable development of available water resources. This study explains the history of the mismanagement of the water in the state of ceara and its current situation marked by the vulnerability of dams and reservoirs
Ona, Ona Jennifer. "Gestion durable des ressources halieutiques en Afrique Atlantique Centre-Est : Cameroun-Congo-Gabon : perspective d’une politique de régulation sous-régionale." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT2051.
Full textThe underdevelopment of marine fisheries, pressure on fisheries resources and coastal and marine ecosystems (overexploitation, INN fishing, conflicts over the exploitation of fisheries resources, degradation of mangroves, pollution, climate change) are making the fishing industry vulnerable. marine fisheries. These anthropogenic, but also natural, pressures represent risks for the future of this sector of activity, which presents deficits in state governance (insufficient funding, low human and material resources, weak means of control and surveillance etc.) in the sustainable management of fisheries resources. From the study of three countries, Cameroon, Congo and Gabon in fishing zone 34 of the Eastern Central Atlantic, this thesis evaluates a resource management based on a subregional approach through the Analysis of the Regional Fisheries Commission of the Gulf of Guinea (COREP) as a tool for integrated management of fisheries resources in the study area
Le, Bail Chloé. "La dimension idéologique en conception collaborative : anticiper un système sociotechnique citoyen innovant pour une gestion durable et partagée des ressources." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0031/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the context of Social Innovation for sustainable development. The thesis relates to the anticipation of an innovative and citizen sociotechnical system that encourages ecological and shared uses of resources. This type of innovation involves individual and collective ideologies. The notion of ideology is understood here as a system of ideas and values, specific to an individual or a group, and which guide action and/or appear in discourse. Our research focuses on the mobilization of the ideological dimension during the collaborative design of this type of innovation. The defended thesis is: through discourse and debate about design solutions, "sociotechnical" knowledge is co-elaborated (related to the object that is designed) as well as "ideological" knowledge (in relation to the values that have to be conveyed by the object). The common acceptability of the future system is based on the articulation of these two epistemic dimensions; and this articulation is supported by constructive argumentative interactions. We have adopted the methodological approach of the prospective ergonomics and we propose a three-step design cycle: 1) The analysis of an inspiring socio-technical system, 2) The construction of hypothetical socio-technical systems, 3) The simulation of a hypothetical sociotechnical system. All of the three steps are collaborative design situations. They were implemented with citizens. The results of our research are useful for the development of reflexive methods and tools that support the collaborative design of sociotechnical systems that strongly imply an ideological dimension
Djouhri, Othmane. "Gestion durable des ressources naturelles et culturelles dans l'extrême sud-est algérien. Cas d'étude : le parc national du Tassili n'Ajjer." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON30073.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to consider a strategy for sustainable management of natural resources and cultural resources in the territory of Tassili n'Ajjer. This makes the proposal and the incorporation of new activities to the fabric of society Saharan to achieve sound economic development and effective protection of this space. Tassili n'Ajjer our study area, located in the South - Eastern Algeria. It characterized by a remarkable interaction between man and his environment including natural phenomena of exceptional beauty and culture specific Saharan Africa. It is poorly organized and inadequately protected and managed. This contribution is organized around three major axes. The first line is reserved for the presentation of the specificities and particularities of the territory of Tassili n'Ajjer. The second axis is devoted to analyze the components and the potential of this specific study area and tourist activity to develop. A series of surveys and interviews with local actors (private and public) on the issues and concerns of local development in the region of Tassili helped us to achieve a series of suggestions for better Sustainable management and efficient protection of species richness in the region. These proposals will be retail and in the last line of argument
Mouloungui, Armel. "Gouvernance des ressources forestières au gabon : acteurs et enjeux." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01004403.
Full textMangal, Daniel. "La Guyane : pour un développement durable amazonien?" Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU1008.
Full textFrench Guyana is an entirely special department because of its geographical position, ethnical diversity and surface. As large as Portugal, it is the biggest French department and, belonging to the Amazonian ecosystem, constitutes the sol rain forest of the European region. But this situation has given birth to a recurring problem: the development of the area or territory. Since the colonization, only the coastal fringe has been occupied, whereas the interior part of the land constituting the biggest part of the surface has remained virgin. Today, the opinions on the most appropriate use of that part on the territory diverge. The puclic services, intermediary of the French government, advocate the preservation on this last vast forest massif remained intact, by a series of protection measures, while the Guyanese want to open up that territory and exploit the mineral resources of that part of the Guyanese territory, particularly be a legal and regulated gold extraction to get this department out of its underdevelopment. The result of our research lead us to suggest an exploitation of that part of the territory based on the principle of sustainable development. The inner part of the Guyanese territory can be considered as source of biodiversity and income, as well as a protected area
Blanco, Irene. "Analyse économique de politiques publiques pour la gestion durable des eaux souterraines : le cas de l'aquifère de la Mancha Occidentale, bassin du Guadiana-Espagne /." Montpellier : CIHEAM-IAMM, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41215577b.
Full textCIHEAM = Centre international des hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes. IAMM = Institut agronomique méditerranéen de Montpellier. En appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 99-105. Résumé en français et en anglais.
Flipo, Nicolas. "Modélisation des Hydrosystèmes Continentaux pour une Gestion Durable de la Ressource en Eau." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879449.
Full textBen, Zaied Younes. "Gestion durable de l'eau résidentielle et tarification incitative en Tunisie : essais économétriques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G021/document.
Full textIf Tunisia, as well as all the other similar countries, wants to avoid, or at least to postpone the mobilization of non conventional water (desalinization, virtual water, etc.) with sensibly higher costs, the only alternative is to rely on appropriate water demand management. Water pricing must be considered seriously as a useful tool, with certainly the other non price instruments, such as awareness, education, water conservation and participatory management, to keep under control the demand evolution. In this thesis, we use Tunisian data and a decomposition into two water consumption blocks to estimate residential water demand function. Firstly, seasonal investigations show that Tunisian water pricing policy was not perfect. The lower block’s consumers are most affected by water tariff progressivity than upper block’s consumers. The seasonal fluctuations and the alternation of rainy and dry seasons affect only lower block’s consumers. We then advocate increasing the lower block’s length in summer to keep poorest family well being unchanged and reaching social equity. For the upper block’s consumers, we recommend applying seasonal water price to keep under control their water use evolution. Second, in the regional study, we find that the long run water price elasticity is more important in the lower block than the upper one. Moreover, water demand is sensible to price in regions characterized by economic dynamism. We think that a decentralized water pricing system can perfectly control water use especially by upper block’s consumers
Charnay, Bérangère. "Pour une gestion intégrée des ressources en eau sur un territoire de montagne : le cas du bassin versant du Giffre (Haute-Savoie)." Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS003.
Full textWater resources management is a complex issue for several reasons : multiplication and concentration of uses in a situation of interdependence, diversity of socio-economic users, responsibilities split between public and private, sectoral and sometimes mutually contradictory regulations overlap, opposition of representation systems. . . This complexity relates to the relevance and feasibility of integrated and sustainable water resources management in mountain watersheds at a local level. Is this the solution to the management problems in such areas, i. E. Can it provide sustainable solutions to reconcile economic use and water resources conservation? We have chosen the "systems" approach applied to the "Giffre" watershed for holistic understanding of water resources management systems specific to mountain areas
Sraidi, Si Mohamed. "Gestion durable de systèmes hydriques. Une approche par la théorie de contrôle optimal avec retard en horizon infini." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20159.
Full textMorales, Sonya. "La qualification et le traitement légal des ressources phytogénétiques au bénéfice de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale durable : regard critique sur leur gestion." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26751.
Full textPlassmann, Guido. "Développement et gestion durable en milieu alpin : le cas d'une ressource naturelle sensible l'eau karstique (étude comparée de six pays alpins)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10194.
Full textSustainability, a theoretical and abstract concept, utilised in numerous programmes of development and management of natural resources is the theme of this research which lies at the interface between man and the environment. Following the presentation of the concept and related definitions and approaches, the way in which water is managed sustainably in prealpine karstic massifs in six alpine countries serves as an indicator to evaluate the reality of applying the concept to an area which is particularly exposed to pollution due to the absence of water filtration caused by the nature of the geological substratum. This applied research, carried out at ten sites in limestone massifs in the german, austrian, french, italien, slovenien and swiss alps allows the study of different pressures notably of a tourist and pastoral character exerted on the karstic basins. The potential fragility of the sites is illustrated by tracing tests and hydrogeological studies. Analyses of the water show the real impacts of human activity in this environment. In order to guarantee a global approach, an integral part of the definition of sustainability, the methodological approach is completed by the study of the ecological, economic and sociocultural aspects which explain the different policies of water management in the different countries. The degree of sustainability of the management, as the smallest common denominator, is evaluated in relation to the degree of efficiency of the solutions adopted to the different types of pressure. These solutions, which take the form of protection measures, of increasing public awareness or of developing and applying new technologies, are adapted to various degrees to the sites which are studied. Several scenarios are presented and the question of transferring solutions to other sites is posed. In the end the quality of karstic waters depends on the extent of which this resource is protected and to which the site is fragile (depending on the degree of permeability of the karst) ; it also depends on the ability of those responsible for managing the areas (politicians, administrators) and the water resources (technicians, professional users) to reduce impacts at an earlier stage (new purifying technologies, reductions in waste water and products). In this research protected areas and legal systems in the different alpine countries play a key r
MacKillop, Fionn. "Vers une gestion de l'eau plus "durable" ? : les enjeux des mutations de la planification de l'eau et du foncier dans la métropole de Los Angeles." Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0363.
Full textThis dissertation analyzes the current debate in Southern California on water supply and land use planning in major development projects. Developers and local authorities claim that these developments are more “sustainable” than the traditional urbanism of the region. Numerous opponents, who argue that current practices are still characterized by excessive water use and other environmental damages, contest these claims. These controversies take place against the backdrop of perceived growing political, environmental and economic threats to the region’s water supply. We discuss the changes and elements of continuity in the current evolutions, and analyze their environmental, political and social consequences. We thus build a critique of “sustainability” and “environmental protection”, by showing how these notions are socially and politically shaped in given geographical contexts
Skoulikaris, Charalampos. "Modélisation appliquée à la gestion durable des projets de ressources en eau à l'échelle d'un bassin hydrographique : le cas du Mesta-Nestos." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004775.
Full textAbla, Safia. "Les politiques forestières en Algérie et la gestion durable des ressources naturelles : Cas du programme emploi rural dans la région de Medea." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30028.
Full textAfter its independence, Algeria was confronted with a situation of very advanced degradation characterized by a significant regression of plant place setting an intensification of the erosive phenomena of the mountainous zones and the appearance of the landscapes become depopulated in the steppe. This situation is the outcome of a set of historic and natural factors. Considering the vital importance of the national heritage and its biological variety, Algeria leads a steady policy of development of the forest sector which was characterized through the various national plans and special programs. This thesis suggests detecting the elements which made failed this policy, to plan to recommend better one management of the Algerian forest and to determine the existing links between natural resources, rural population and development policy. A series of qualitative investigations on the basis of a guide of interview was made with the agents who participate in the elaboration of the forest politics and its implementation and the rural population to be able to loosen the failures connected to this last one. This present document redraws the product in which we ended in the term of our work on the ground, however and after a presentation of the frame and our problem, said document includes three essential parts: situation of the forest sector in Algeria, situation of the forest sector in Algeria, the Program of Rural Employment for the long-lasting management of the resources
Chiron, Thomas. "Quelle gestion durable des ressources en eau et du risque de pénurie sur les petites îles ? : application aux îles de Bretagne (France)." Brest, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00281315.
Full textThe problem of freshwater scarcity is sensitive on very small islands such as Breton ones: actually, their water resources are vulnerable because of the combination of restricted hydrological potential, due to yearly climate variability and high human pressure, namely inducec by tourism. Lack of winter rainfali may threat freshwater availability in summer. Since the l8th century, islanders have faced many water crisis leading to sanitary problems and conflicts of use between permanent residents and foreign population. Moreover, for the last five decades, modernity and tourism have deeply modified consumption standards and have inevitably increased water needs. If water supply used to be a main issue on Breton islands, hydraulic politics have globally solved the problem for the last four decades thanks to important investments. Technical and economical analysises underline oversizing and overinvestment in comparison with regional and national figures. Nevertheless, water shortage in summer still threats on some islands which remain vulnerable to lack of winter rainfall. That is what happened in 2005 in Belle-Ile where freshwater was imported from the mainland. Finally, to improve sustainable water management, water shortage risk is calculted integrating natural, human and structural elements: combined to forecasting scenarios on future water demand, this new approach ought to give elected and professionnal stakeholders objective tools to reach sustainable management decisions
Garineaud, Clément. "Récolter la mer : des savoirs et des pratiques des collecteurs d'algues à la gestion durable des ressources côtières dans le Finistère (Bretagne)." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MNHN0004/document.
Full textAfter several cycles over the course of past centuries, seaweed harvesting in Finistere is once again experiencing a revival and emerging as a promising sector. Beyond socio-economic transformations, it is also faced with current issues of biodiversity conservation and the sharing of maritime space. How can human activity and preservation of the environment be reconciled? The mobilized ethnoecological approach looks at resource management by local communities through their engagement - practices, traditional ecological knowledge, and representations. The aim of this thesis is thus twofold: understanding the dynamics of seaweed harvesters' engagement, and understanding how they mobilize and cope with current issues. Through ethnographic survey and ethnoecological methods, the scientific, social, and administrative frameworks were investigated diachronically to understand the context and the issue. The identity of the collectors were studied through both 'administrative statuses' as well as five profiles that emerged from the data. This diversity in forms of engagement is reflected in the sensory perceptions mobilized during harvesting, in the vernacular classifications of seaweed, and in how space is apprehended. The analysis of these three dimensions reveals a rich body of 'intimate', 'embodied', and 'situated' knowledge that is inextricable from practices relating to seaweed, aquatic environments, and ecosystem dynamics. Finally, various elements across knowledge and representations shed light on conflicts and illustrate the influence of science and industry on collectors. The climate event that took place during the winter of 2013–2014, for example, left an impact on seaweed resources and forced collectors to adapt. It revealed the interplay between actors of the various sectors and the composite (or even hybrid) nature of their engagement, a first step towards co-management
Makany, Gilles Davy Luyindula. "Implémentation du concept de développement durable dans le cadre de stratégies volontaristes : approche par les ressources et les compétences." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC001.
Full textFor some years, sustainable development has imposed itself as a societal value. Enterprises are facing growing expectations and aspirations from their stakeholders. Sustainable development has become both a strategic imperative and a “source of strategic stakes” for enterprises, irrespective of their sector of activities. However, the issue relating to the implementation or conversion of such a polysemous, polymorphic and protean concept into clear and relevant management practices remains a deep concern for the enterprises that are willing to integrate sustainable development in their strategies.This work aims at developing a comprehensive approach in line with the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in the framework of voluntarist strategies. To do so, the privileged theoretical standpoint has been the resources and competence model. Such a qualitative research consists in a multiple case study, in a perspective of literal replication. To describe, analyze and understand the implementation of sustainable development, semi-directing interviews have been carried, along with secondary data collection.This research is instrumental in stabilizing and putting in perspective the concept of sustainable development in the field of management science. First of all, it brings into focus four strategic attitudes that are likely to be adopted by enterprises, and then suggests two complementary modalities for implementing the concept of sustainable development. And finally, it offers several implementation approaches - stated in a thematic way- to address the aforementioned concept