Academic literature on the topic 'Gestion intégrée de l'eau par bassin versant'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gestion intégrée de l'eau par bassin versant"
Mailhot, A., A. N. Rousseau, E. Salvano, R. Turcotte, and J. P. Villeneuve. "Évaluation de l'impact de l'assainissement urbain sur la qualité des eaux du bassin versant de la rivière Chaudière à l'aide du système de modélisation intégrée GIBSI." Revue des sciences de l'eau 15 (April 12, 2005): 149–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705491ar.
Full textRousseau, A. N., A. Mailhot, S. Gariépy, E. Salvano, and J. P. Villeneuve. "Calcul de probabilités de dépassement d'objectifs environnementaux de rejets de sources ponctuelle et diffuse à l'aide du système de modélisation intégrée GIBSI." Revue des sciences de l'eau 15 (April 12, 2005): 121–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705490ar.
Full textRifai, Nabil, Abdellatif Khattabi, and Laila Rhazi. "Modélisation des crues des rivières pour la gestion intégrée du risque d’inondation : cas du bassin versant de Tahaddart (nord-ouest du Maroc)." Revue des sciences de l’eau 27, no. 1 (January 29, 2014): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1021982ar.
Full textGanoulis, J. "La gestion de l'eau à l'aube du 3ème millénaire: Vers un paradigme scientifique nouveau [Tribune libre / Article bilingue] Water resources management at the turn of the millennium: towards a new scientific paradigm [Tribune libre]." Revue des sciences de l'eau 14, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705418ar.
Full textEmond, Nancy. "La gestion intégrée de la ressource-eau au Québec : prolégomènes sur les mutations et la fixité de l’espace institutionnel." Recherche 56, no. 2-3 (December 11, 2015): 353–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1034211ar.
Full textChouinard, Omer, Anne-Marie Laroche, and Gilles Martin. "Les associations de bassin versant du littoral acadien : un modèle d’acteurs valorisant les approches écosystémiques et d’économie sociale." Articles 40, no. 2 (March 24, 2011): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1001390ar.
Full textNguyen, Phu Duc, Jean-Pierre Villeneuve, Babacar Toumbou, Sophie Duchesne, and Nomessi Kokutse. "Utilisation de la modélisation de la qualité de l’eau en rivière pour l’évaluation du respect des normes en contexte de données restreintes : cas d’application du bassin versant de la rivière Cau." Revue des sciences de l’eau 31, no. 3 (December 10, 2018): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1054307ar.
Full textCLOUTIER, Geneviève, and Marc-André DEMERS. "Le Comité Rivière à Saint-Raymond (Portneuf) : une expérimentation de gouvernance locale du risque d’inondation." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 61, no. 174 (November 8, 2018): 469–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1053662ar.
Full textMilot, Nicolas, and Laurent Lepage. "Analyse organisationnelle de la gestion de l’eau par bassin versant au Québec." Articles 29, no. 2 (January 7, 2011): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045168ar.
Full textPrévil, Carlo, Benoît St-Onge, and Jean-Philippe Waaub. "Aide au processus décisionnel pour la gestion par bassin versant au Québec : étude de cas et principaux enjeux." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 48, no. 134 (November 14, 2005): 209–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011682ar.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Gestion intégrée de l'eau par bassin versant"
Tomé, Hernández Griselda. "Quelles innovations sociales pour une gestion participative et intégrée de l'eau du Rio Salado, Puebla (Mexique) ? Analyse de la gestion intégrée de l'eau d'un sous-bassin." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36439.
Full textIn view of the serious water crisis currently facing the humanity, the study of water management and governance is becoming increasingly necessary. In this sense, this research focuses on identifying and analyzing the water management models implemented in the sub-basin of the Salado River; as well as its governance system, in order to propose a management model that highlights the main factors that facilitate citizen participation and the strengthening of governance structures in the territory. To delimit, analyze and interpret the reality studied, we rely on the Integrated Water Resources Management approach (IWRM) and the concepts of water governance and water soft path. With the help of mixed research methods, the results show that in the territory there are two models of water management: public and social. The first is the responsibility of CONAGUA and the second of agricultural and urban public users. Although the governance system of the public water management model presents some of the analytical dimensions of water governance, it does not cover the water needs of the different sectoral users and does not offer an effective opportunity for citizen participation in decisionmaking at the subregional and local scales. On the contrary, the social water management model shows innovative governance system, based on bidirectional participatory (top down and bottom up) and inclusive processes that allows local stakeholders to manage water efficiently, inclusively and equitably. All of which leads us to affirm that this innovative way of managing water can help to improve the operability of the governance system of the public water management model applied in the territory.
Ante la grave crisis del agua que enfrenta actualmente la humanidad, el estudio de la gestión y gobernanza del agua se torna cada vez más necesario. En ese sentido, la presente investigación se centra en identificar y analizar los modelos de gestión del agua implementados en la subcuenca Río Salado; así como sus sistemas de gobernanza con el fin de proponer un modelo de gestión que resalte los principales factores que facilitan la participación ciudadana y el fortalecimiento de las estructuras de gobernanza en el territorio. Para delimitar, analizar e interpretar la realidad estudiada nos apoyamos en el enfoque de Gestión Integrada de los Recursos Hídricos de Cuencas Hidrográficas (GIRH) y en los conceptos de gobernanza del agua y Water Soft Path. Con la ayuda de métodos mixtos de investigación, los resultados muestran que en el territorio existen dos modelos de gestión del agua: pública y social. El primero está a cargo de la Comisión Nacional del Agua (CONAGUA) y el segundo de los usuarios agrícolas y urbanos. A pesar de que el sistema de gobernanza del modelo de gestión pública del agua presenta algunas de las dimensiones analíticas de la gobernanza del agua, éste no cubre las necesidades de agua de los diferentes usuarios sectoriales, y tampoco ofrece una oportunidad efectiva para la participación ciudadana en la toma de decisiones tanto a la escala subregional como local. Por el contrario, el modelo de gestión social del agua muestra un sistema de gobernanza innovador, sustentado en procesos participativos bidireccionales (« top down » y « bottom up ») e incluyentes que permite a los actores locales gestionar el agua de manera eficiente, incluyente y equitativa. Todo esto nos lleva a afirmar que esta innovadora forma de gestionar el agua puede ayudar a mejorar la operatividad del sistema de gobernanza del modelo de gestión pública del agua aplicado en el territorio. Palabras clave: Gobernanza del agua, gestión del agua, gestión integrada de los recursos hídricos, cuenca hidrográfica, sistema de gobernanza del agua, participación y subcuenca Río Salado.
Emond, Nancy. "De l'inconvénient de la conjuration : sociologie de l'inachèvement de l'implantation de la gestion intégrée de l'eau par bassin versant au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27742.
Full textMore than a simple matter of equilibrium between supply and demand, the analysis of water resources management implies to apprehend a system of complex interactions between natural and societal elements. The present thesis focuses on socio-relational factors (i.e. pertaining to the actors, natures, forms and objects of social relations) that contribute to the deadlock that has become integrated water resources management (hereafter IWRM) in Quebec. The main objective of this enquiry is to understand what explains the unsuccessful implementation of IWRM a decade after this new management approach was initiated. This thesis seeks to deepen the sociological understanding of IWRM inasmuch as its puts an emphasis on the capacity of actors to integrate a new system of action. Theoretically the employed method allows to validate the relevance of i) bonifying the neo-institutional approach with the introduction of new information and identity variables, and ii) cross-referencing the hypotheses of the neo-institutional school of thought with those of structural analysis (social network theory or « diktyology »). In the light of literature review, we postulate that an ideal-type of a complete implementation of IWRM should rely on the effective integration and participation of (i) powerful actors (that possess capacities and powers of influence), (ii) that are socially and politically recognised as actors, (iii) that benefit from a high level of confidence, (iv) whose roles and responsibilities are clearly defined, (v) that share common ideas (values, beliefs) and interests (goals pursued), (vi) along with a shared identity that results in a sense of belonging to the managed territory, and (vii) that are associated within an information exchange system (that is multi-leveled in essence) and (viii) whose institutionalised interactions exist within a long-term temporality. Results show that the principal actor designated to insure the implementation of IWRM, namely watershed councils (hereafter WSC), is proved to be in fact a non-actor, as well in terms of determination than by self-definition. But sociological analysis drives us further. WSC are weak actors in the strict sense of the term, subjected to contradictions caused by the ambiguity of their role: at once passive actors in their quality of frameworks, boundary organisations and relays, and strongly mimetic organizational actors, generally deprived of distinctive actor identities. If they are actors, it is only in an unofficially, by way of their informal role of information network. At this time the WSC are neither collective actors, nor strategic actors. They are network actors in the making. This emerging role therefore explains why WSC nevertheless occupy a central position in the system, the legitimacy of which is starting to ascertain itself since 2009. Futhermore, we were able to observe that, contrarily to what was stated in our initial conceptual proposition relating to the articulation of variables, it is revealed that socio-relational factors of « interest » and « information » contribute most to the evolution of water management to a more integrated, whereas a sustained ambuigity surrounding « ideas » and, or more specifically the idea of actors and their integration, participate negatively to the implementation of the this new management mode. From the interpretation of IWRM, both locally differentiated and institutionally isomorphic, arises a lack of coherence at the provincial scale, which prevents the creation of a global referential of collective action. In addition to the precarity of organisms, the observed lack of coherence could explain the absence of a social movement claiming for political change. This situation results in the fact that the new mode of management that is IWRM remains to this day in an experimental state according to the classification of Matland (1995).
Lemieux, Josée. "Les enjeux socio-environnementaux de la gestion intégrée de l'eau par bassin versant au Québec : le cas de la rivière Boyer." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66565.
Full textWater management changed significantly in the province of Quebec since the early 2000s. The progressive implementation of integrated watershed management (IWM) in Quebec allowed for the transition from a sectoral management to an integrated management of the resource, which is based on the coordination of stakeholders carried out by watershed organizations. The Boyer River watershed is a 217 km² agricultural watershed located in the RCM of Bellechasse, Quebec. The Boyer River is an interesting case for researchers interested in the effects of agriculture on the quality of surface waters. There are many governmental reports on the dramatic deterioration of water quality and the disappearance of certain species from the river following the development of intensive agriculture in the Boyer watershed. Several measures have been put in place at different scales of intervention to restore the Boyer River water quality, like the enforcement of legislative tools to ensure a sustainable development of the agriculture and the decentralisation of water quality management, for instance. However, in spite of the application of the previously mentioned measures, the Boyer River water quality remains bad at this time. That led us to wonder whether the IWM in Quebec provides for the application of the sustainable development principles and adequate monitoring of the situation of the watershed organizations. More specifically, we aimed to identify what stops the application of an effective IWM in the Boyer River watershed. We conducted 44 interviews with various water stakeholders at the provincial and local scales and we analysed the content of the interviews using qualitative analysis. Our results tend to show that the effects of power decentralization related to water quality management are currently not sufficiently monitored and that most of the sustainable development principles we studied are not adequately applied at the moment through the IWM in Quebec. The social and environmental challenges that we have discovered show that reaching a balance between the economy and the protection of the environment is a difficult task in rural areas. There is a lack of institutional support to the IWM as well as the watershed organizations to ensure a proper protection of water quality, which results in a low perception of the value of the river by the residents of the watershed. As a consequence, the implementation of several sustainable development principles is deficient in the Boyer river watershed.
Charlescar, Manoucheka. "Optimisation hydroéconomique du bassin versant Artibonite." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68024.
Full textThis MSc thesis analyses the impact of temperature anomalies in the Caribbean region (SSTC) on the hydrology of the Artibonite river and on the performance of the water resources system including planned irrigation and hydropower projects. The method relies on hydroeconomic modelling and scenario analysis. The water resources system of the Artibonite River is optimized for two decision-making scenarios : with or without SSTC-based management decisions. Comparing the economic performance of the water resources system for these two scenario reveals the utility of this hydro-climate information. The results show that while the inflows of the basin are linearly dependent on these anomalies, the intensity of the relationship is insufficient to influence the decisions and hence improves the performance of the system, whether in dry, normal or wet year.
Gosselin, Philippe. "La gestion intégrée de l'eau est-elle vraiment intégrée au Québec? : une synthèse des connaissances et une évaluation du concept d'intégration dans la GIEBV québécoise." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40072.
Full textCyr-Gagnon, Julia. "Développement d'une méthodologie afin d'intégrer et de valoriser l'information spatio-temporelle sur la qualité de l'eau à l'échelle d'un bassin versant : un exemple d'application à la protection des sources d'eau potable." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27747.
Full textArjoon, Diane, and Diane Arjoon. "Water and benefit sharing in transboundary river basins." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27392.
Full textLe partage équitable des bénéfices dans les bassins fluviaux transfrontaliers est nécessaire pour résoudre les conflits entre les pays riverains et atteindre un consensus sur les activités de développement et de gestion du bassin versant. Le partage des bénéfices doit être discuté collectivement par tous les pays riverains pour être perçu non seulement comme efficace, mais aussi équitable. La littérature actuelle décrit principalement ce que l’on entend par le partage des bénéfices d’un point de vue conceptuel. Les arrangements institutionnels pratiques qui assurent le bien-être économique maximal, ainsi que les méthodes développées en collaboration pour encourager le partage équitable des bénéfices, ne sont toutefois pas présentés. L’objectif global de ce projet de thèse est de développer un arrangement institutionnel, qui comprend à la fois des politiques de répartition de l’eau et des mécanismes de partage des bénéfices, afin d’améliorer la gestion des ressources en eau transfrontalières et d’encourager la coopération entre les pays riverains. La méthodologie étend l’approche traditionnelle, basée sur des stratégies d’allocation très limitées en allouant efficacement les ressources en eau et le partage équitable des bénéfices découlant de l’utilisation de l’eau. Cette thèse détaille l’arrangement institutionnel développé et, à travers trois activités distinctes, les principales composantes de l’arrangement sont analysés. Dans l’arrangement institutionnel, une autorité de bassin fluvial (RBA) est l’opérateur d’un système axé sur le marché, dans lequel les politiques d’allocation économiquement efficaces sont identifiées et imposées aux usagers de l’eau, qui doit payer pour l’eau qui leur est alloué. Ces frais sont collectés et redistribués, via une règle de partage spécifique au bassin fluvial, afin d’assurer l’équité entre les usagers de l’eau. Le bassin du Nil oriental est utilisé comme étude de cas pour illustrer l’approche. Il y a des secteurs hydroélectriques et agricoles répartis dans trois pays (Egypte, Soudan et Ethiopie) et une longue histoire de non-coopération dans ce bassin. La répartition actuelle de l’eau repose sur des accords bilatéraux de l’époque coloniale, qui désignent l’Egypte et le Soudan comme les seuls bénéficiaires des eaux du Nil. La coopération future est impérative dans ce bassin pour profiter du potentiel hydroélectrique en Ethiopie, et du potentiel de l’agriculture au Soudan, ainsi que pour atténuer, autant que possible, les effets du changement climatique. Les résultats montrent que la gestion coopérative du bassin du Nil oriental, et de son infrastructure, augmenterait considérablement les bénéfices économiques à l’échelle du bassin et entraiînerait une répartition de l’eau plus efficace. L’arrangement institutionnel garantit que l’eau est retirée ouù elle a la plus grande valeur et que les investissements en amont dans des projets à faible productivité sont découragés. Le plus haut niveau de coopération est effectuée en vertu d’une institution supranationale et toutes les parties doivent se mettre d’accord sur la définition de l’équité dans le le partage des bénéfices. L’imposition d’axiomes spécifiques sur la base de cette vision collaborative de l’équité se traduit par une solution unique pour la répartition des bénéfices économiques. Une règle de partage élaborée avec la participation des parties prenantes peut être plus acceptable parce que la définition de la règle n’est pas contestée, comme ce serait le cas si les règles existantes avaientété appliquées avec leurs propres définitions de l’équité. Enfin, les résultats globaux montrent que la réalisation de compromis entre l’efficacité et l’équité peut se produire lorsque ces deux principes de répartition de l’eau sont couplés afin de maximiser les avantages de l’utilisation de l’eau, puis de réaffecter ces d’une manière équitable.
The equitable sharing of benefits in transboundary river basins is necessary to solve disputes among riparian countries and to reach a consensus on basin-wide development and management activities. Benefit-sharing arrangements must be collaboratively developed to be perceived not only as efficient, but also as equitable, and to be considered acceptable to all riparian countries. The current literature mainly describes what is meant by the term benefit sharing, in the context of transboundary river basins, and discusses this from a conceptual point of view. Practical, institutional arrangements that ensure maximum economic welfare, as well as collaboratively developed methods for encouraging the equitable sharing of benefits, are, however, not provided. The overall objective of this PhD project was to develop an institutional arrangement, that includes both water allocation policies and benefit-sharing mechanisms, to improve the sustainability of managing transboundary water resources and to encourage cooperation between riparian states. The methodology extends the traditional approach, which is based on highly constrained allocation policies, that merely complement existing management institutions, by efficiently allocating water resources and then equitably sharing the benefits derived from water use. This thesis details the institutional arrangement developed and, through three separate activities, the main components of the arrangement are analyzed. A river basin authority (RBA) is the operator of a market-based system, in which economically efficient allocation policies are identified and imposed on water users, who are charged for the water allocated to them. These charges are collected and redistributed, via a sharing rule specific to the river basin, to ensure equity among the water users. The Eastern Nile River Basin is used as the case study to illustrate the approach. There are important hydropower and agricultural sectors spread across three countries (Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia), and there is a long history of non-cooperation in this river basin. Current water allocation is based on colonial era bilateral agreements that designate Egypt and Sudan as the only beneficiaries of the Nile waters. Future cooperation is imperative, in this basin, to take advantage of hydropower potential in Ethiopia, and agriculture potential in Sudan, as well as to mitigate, as much as possible, the effects of climate change in the near future. Results reveal that the cooperative management of the Eastern Nile River Basin and its infrastructure would significantly increase the basin-wide economic benefits and lead to more efficient water allocation. The institutional arrangement ensures that water is withdrawn where it has the greatest value (efficient water allocation is established) and that upstream investments in low productivity projects are discouraged. The highest level of cooperation is effectuated through a supranational institution and all parties must agree on the definition of fairness in the sharing of benefits.The imposition of specific axioms, based on this agreedupon vision of fairness results in a unique solution for the distribution of economic benefits. A sharing rule developed with stakeholder input may be more acceptable because the definition of the rule is not in question, as would be the case if existing rules were applied with their inherent definitions of equity. Finally, overall results show that achieving trade-offs between efficiency and equity can occur when these two principles of water allocation are coupled to first maximize the benefits from water use and then reallocate these in an equitable manner.
The equitable sharing of benefits in transboundary river basins is necessary to solve disputes among riparian countries and to reach a consensus on basin-wide development and management activities. Benefit-sharing arrangements must be collaboratively developed to be perceived not only as efficient, but also as equitable, and to be considered acceptable to all riparian countries. The current literature mainly describes what is meant by the term benefit sharing, in the context of transboundary river basins, and discusses this from a conceptual point of view. Practical, institutional arrangements that ensure maximum economic welfare, as well as collaboratively developed methods for encouraging the equitable sharing of benefits, are, however, not provided. The overall objective of this PhD project was to develop an institutional arrangement, that includes both water allocation policies and benefit-sharing mechanisms, to improve the sustainability of managing transboundary water resources and to encourage cooperation between riparian states. The methodology extends the traditional approach, which is based on highly constrained allocation policies, that merely complement existing management institutions, by efficiently allocating water resources and then equitably sharing the benefits derived from water use. This thesis details the institutional arrangement developed and, through three separate activities, the main components of the arrangement are analyzed. A river basin authority (RBA) is the operator of a market-based system, in which economically efficient allocation policies are identified and imposed on water users, who are charged for the water allocated to them. These charges are collected and redistributed, via a sharing rule specific to the river basin, to ensure equity among the water users. The Eastern Nile River Basin is used as the case study to illustrate the approach. There are important hydropower and agricultural sectors spread across three countries (Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia), and there is a long history of non-cooperation in this river basin. Current water allocation is based on colonial era bilateral agreements that designate Egypt and Sudan as the only beneficiaries of the Nile waters. Future cooperation is imperative, in this basin, to take advantage of hydropower potential in Ethiopia, and agriculture potential in Sudan, as well as to mitigate, as much as possible, the effects of climate change in the near future. Results reveal that the cooperative management of the Eastern Nile River Basin and its infrastructure would significantly increase the basin-wide economic benefits and lead to more efficient water allocation. The institutional arrangement ensures that water is withdrawn where it has the greatest value (efficient water allocation is established) and that upstream investments in low productivity projects are discouraged. The highest level of cooperation is effectuated through a supranational institution and all parties must agree on the definition of fairness in the sharing of benefits.The imposition of specific axioms, based on this agreedupon vision of fairness results in a unique solution for the distribution of economic benefits. A sharing rule developed with stakeholder input may be more acceptable because the definition of the rule is not in question, as would be the case if existing rules were applied with their inherent definitions of equity. Finally, overall results show that achieving trade-offs between efficiency and equity can occur when these two principles of water allocation are coupled to first maximize the benefits from water use and then reallocate these in an equitable manner.
Grusson, Youen. "Modélisation de l'évolution hydroclimatique des flux et stocks d'eau verte et d'eau bleue du bassin versant de la Garonne." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26931.
Full textLa gestion intégrée de la ressource en eau implique de distinguer les parcours de l’eau qui sont accessibles aux sociétés de ceux qui ne le sont pas. Les cheminements de l’eau sont nombreux et fortement variables d’un lieu à l’autre. Il est possible de simplifier cette question en s’attardant plutôt aux deux destinations de l’eau. L’eau bleue forme les réserves et les flux dans l’hydrosystème : cours d’eau, nappes et écoulements souterrains. L’eau verte est le flux invisible de vapeur d’eau qui rejoint l’atmosphère. Elle inclut l’eau consommée par les plantes et l’eau dans les sols. Or, un grand nombre d’études ne portent que sur un seul type d’eau bleue, en ne s’intéressant généralement qu’au devenir des débits ou, plus rarement, à la recharge des nappes. Le portrait global est alors manquant. Dans un même temps, les changements climatiques viennent impacter ce cheminement de l’eau en faisant varier de manière distincte les différents composants de cycle hydrologique. L’étude réalisée ici utilise l’outil de modélisation SWAT afin de réaliser le suivi de toutes les composantes du cycle hydrologique et de quantifier l’impact des changements climatiques sur l’hydrosystème du bassin versant de la Garonne. Une première partie du travail a permis d’affiner la mise en place du modèle pour répondre au mieux à la problématique posée. Un soin particulier a été apporté à l’utilisation de données météorologiques sur grille (SAFRAN) ainsi qu’à la prise en compte de la neige sur les reliefs. Le calage des paramètres du modèle a été testé dans un contexte differential split sampling, en calant puis validant sur des années contrastées en terme climatique afin d’appréhender la robustesse de la simulation dans un contexte de changements climatiques. Cette étape a permis une amélioration substantielle des performances sur la période de calage (2000-2010) ainsi que la mise en évidence de la stabilité du modèle face aux changements climatiques. Par suite, des simulations sur une période d’un siècle (1960-2050) ont été produites puis analysées en deux phases : i) La période passée (1960-2000), basée sur les observations climatiques, a servi de période de validation à long terme du modèle sur la simulation des débits, avec de très bonnes performances. L’analyse des différents composants hydrologiques met en évidence un impact fort sur les flux et stocks d’eau verte, avec une diminution de la teneur en eau des sols et une augmentation importante de l’évapotranspiration. Les composantes de l’eau bleue sont principalement perturbées au niveau du stock de neige et des débits qui présentent tous les deux une baisse substantielle. ii) Des projections hydrologiques ont été réalisées (2010-2050) en sélectionnant une gamme de scénarios et de modèles climatiques issus d’une mise à l’échelle dynamique. L’analyse de simulation vient en bonne part confirmer les conclusions tirées de la période passée : un impact important sur l’eau verte, avec toujours une baisse de la teneur en eau des sols et une augmentation de l’évapotranspiration potentielle. Les simulations montrent que la teneur en eau des sols pendant la période estivale est telle qu’elle en vient à réduire les flux d’évapotranspiration réelle, mettant en évidence le possible déficit futur des stocks d’eau verte. En outre, si l’analyse des composantes de l’eau bleue montre toujours une diminution significative du stock de neige, les débits semblent cette fois en hausse pendant l’automne et l’hiver. Ces résultats sont un signe de l’«accélération» des composantes d’eau bleue de surface, probablement en relation avec l’augmentation des évènements extrêmes de précipitation. Ce travail a permis de réaliser une analyse des variations de la plupart des composantes du cycle hydrologique à l’échelle d’un bassin versant, confirmant l’importance de prendre en compte toutes ces composantes pour évaluer l’impact des changements climatiques et plus largement des changements environnementaux sur la ressource en eau.
Integrated water resource management requires distinction between water paths that are directly available for society and those which are not. Water pathways, from precipitation to the oceans or the atmosphere, are highly variable from one place to another. The complexity of water pathways can be simplified by focusing on two main categories of water resources: blue water, which is the stock and flow moving into the hydrosystem that is directly available (e.g. rivers, lakes, aquifers and groundwater flow), and green water, which is the invisible flow of water vapor leaving the hydrosphere to the atmosphere. The latter includes the water used by forests, grasslands, rain fed crops, and the water in soils. However, many hydrological studies focus only on blue water, particularly the discharge or more rarely the ground water recharge, ignoring all green water components, therefore missing the overall picture. At the same time, climate change highlighted in recent years have been found to impact water pathway distributions by affecting different components of the hydrological cycle at the watershed scale. The study presented here exploits the SWAT hydrological model to assess the variation of different components of a hydrosystem facing climate change. The study area is the watershed of the Garonne River, where data is available. The first part of this work focused on refining the implementation of the model in order to better tackle the problem at hand. Particular attention has been paid to the use of gridded weather data (SAFRAN product) as well as to the simulation of snow present in the mountainous portion of the watershed. Calibration of the model parameters was tested through a differential split sampling method, based on calibration and validation using climatically contrasted periods, in order to test the robustness of the model. These steps led to a substantial improvement in the simulations performance over the calibration period (2000-2010) and demonstrated the robustness of the model within a climate change context. The improved SWAT model was next used to produce simulations over a hundred-year period (1960-2050), an analysis carried out in two steps: First, the past period (1960-2000) simulation, based on observed climatic data, was used to validate discharge simulations for which very good performance was obtained. Analysis of the different components of the hydrological cycle showed a strong impact on flows and stocks of green water, with a reduction of the water content in soil and a substantial increase in evapotranspiration. Blue water is mostly impacted in terms of snow stock and discharge flow, which both showed a substantial decrease. Secondly, hydrological projections were performed (2010-2050) based on a selection of climate scenarios and models, submitted to dynamic downscaling. Analysis of these projections partly confirmed the conclusions drawn from the historic period: i.e. a substantial impact on green water, with a decrease of the soil water content and an increase of potential evapotranspiration. The projections also revealed that the soil water content during the summer season is such that it reduces the actual evapotranspiration, highlighting possible future deficits of green water stocks. Furthermore, if the analysis of blue water components always presented a substantial decrease in the snowpack, discharge appears to increase during autumn and winter periods. These results indicate an "acceleration" of blue surface water components which is likely related to an increase in extreme rainfall events. In this study, an analysis of the variation of the main hydrological cycle components have been proposed at a watershed scales, confirming the importance of taking into account all these components to evaluate the climate change impact and more broadly environmental changes on water resources.
Pieper, Leila. "Development of a model simplification procedure for integrated urban water system models : conceptual catchment and sewer modelling." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27991.
Full textModelling urban wastewater networks within integrated systems, focusing on both water quantity and quality, introduces flexibility to develop solutions with greatest benefit to the overall system. Integrated models provide benefits over traditional single sub-system models by facilitating efficient analysis of interactions between the individual components of urban water systems (i.e. catchments, sewers, treatment plants, and receiving waters) within a single modelling platform. The reduced complexity of this type of model decreases the computational burden compared to their detailed counterparts. This allows for a wider range of assessments such as scenario-testing, RTC optimization, and Monte Carlo uncertainty analyses. The potential to create these types of representative integrated models was proven in multiple studies, however, the current methods to develop these models are not well-established nor well documented, and therefore require significant work for each case study. Furthermore, the lack of a standardized method to represent the water quantity portion limits the wide-scale application of such models for water quality studies. Although research is required to further develop and optimize all methodologies involved with building Integrated Urban Wastewater System (IUWS) models, this project focuses on the simplified catchment and sewer conceptual models for water quantity. The objective of this study was to develop a structured procedure to translate detailed hydrologic and hydraulic models into the simplified conceptual models used in IUWS modelling. The aim was to improve repeatability, flexibility and efficiency of the general approach, regardless of chosen modelling platforms. This task was achieved by extracting the key steps and considerations while building two simplified conceptual models of a case study in central Ottawa, Canada. The central urban portion (6,400 ha) of a calibrated detailed PCSWMM model of the City of Ottawa, containing a mix of separated, partially-separated and combined sewer areas, was used as the reference model in this case study. The main task involved determining how to translate this detailed model into simplified conceptual models, using WEST as the platform, in a structured, systematic and repeatable way. The resultant developed procedure follows a similar sequence as the protocols reviewed in the literature review, while taking into consideration specifics related to aggregating catchments and sewers. The four main phases of this thesis are Project Definition, Model Development, Calibration and Validation. Two versions of the lumped model were created; the first was created with a certain level of aggregation, while the second was a further aggregation of the first model, resulting in about half the number of blocks and reservoirs. Both models were calibrated and compared to the detailed model as well as to each other. The simulation results showed that the volume and dynamics (ie. the shape of the hydrographs) of the conceptual models emulated those of the detailed model well (< < 10% differences), while providing a significant reduction in simulation-time speed-up (10 to 80 times faster than the detailed model). The simulation time reduction in the more aggregated model was not equivalent to the increased level of aggregation, mostly due to the fixed amount of basic calculation required in each model. As generally expected, larger but acceptable differences were found during the validation period compared to the calibration period. These differences were attributed to several factors, such as the lack of a long-time series calibration, oversimplified representations of special structures, the different mechanisms in the detailed and conceptual models used to represent wet weather flow, and the configuration of the model code. Overall, the validation was successful given the fact that the calibration was performed using events whereas the validation used an extended time series of 45 days. In general, the devised procedure helped reduce the manual labour associated with building a model and structured the approach to build the conceptual models. General findings from the various identified phases were also documented throughout the model building process. In the Project Definition phase, the conceptual model’s objectives guided the method of model development and calibration. The catchments and sewers were delineated concurrently in the Model Development phase, while taking into consideration the locations of the key hydraulic structures, raingauges and overflows. The Calibration phase allowed for the most systematic advancement of the model build, given that a good calibration order was defined and a limited set of parameters was targeted in each successive run. The Validation phase proved critical in pinpointing deficiencies in the initial assumptions and calibrated values, thus determining whether the model is ready for use or needs to be modified through one of the preceding phases. An efficient and structured procedure that translates catchment and sewer representations from detailed to conceptual models in IUWS was developed and successfully applied to a case study. As demonstrated in this project, applying the proposed structured procedure will lead to the efficient development of representative IUWS models, thus increasing their potential use to test real-life scenarios. To challenge and improve the formulated procedure, applying it to multiple case studies is recommended.
Émond, Chantal. "L'or bleu au Québec : une meilleure gestion des enjeux : représentations sociales et valeurs mises en action dans les dynamiques de gestion de l'OBV de la rivière l'Assomption." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30198/30198.pdf.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Gestion intégrée de l'eau par bassin versant"
Brun, Alexandre. "La gestion de l’eau par bassin versant en France:." In Gestion de l'eau, 63–94. Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv18phcp8.8.
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