Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gestion intégrée de la ressource en eau'
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Laurent, François. "Outils de modélisation spatiale pour la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau : Application aux Schémas d'Aménagement et de Gestion des Eaux." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825655.
Full textLeroy, Eve. "Proposition d'interface Science-Société pour la gestion intégrée de la ressource en eau dans un contexte de changements climatiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA011/document.
Full textWater is a vital need for Human and each society have to manage it at best to meet this basic need today and in the future.Current climatic changes and especially global warming strongly impact hydrosystems and economical activities of mountainous areas, forcing these territories to adapt to these new conditions. Socio-economic development choices have also a great importance in water shortages occurrence. In this thesis a model coupling representations of water resources and and socio-economic activities was built.It allows to explore both climate change impacts and socio-economic choices impacts on water resources availability in a mountain territories at different time scales. All combinations of climate change and socio economic choices scenarios are testable.The Megève ski resort station in France was used to develop and apply the hydro-anthropic model. The latter must contribute, as a decision support tool, to climate change adaptation policies developpement. Therefore, the tricky question of knowledge transfer between Science and Society is addressed in this thesis. The scientific model developped was introduced in Serious-Games as an interface proposal. Through the C3-Alps projet which financed this thesis, others knowledge tranfers for climate change adapation in the Alps were also addressed
Grand, Girard Agnès. "De la gestion intégrée comme doctrine à l’intégration comme défi de gestion." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1462.
Full textWater and waste management are complex and changing. Integrative management seems to be an ideal solution for many. However we think that, more than a solution, it represents the symptom of a management crisis. In order to tackle this crisis and to introduce some integration, new arrangements between actors and new management tools are elaborated. On the one hand, we see Integrative collective action as a combination of exploration and prescription cycles concerning both knowledge and relation. On the other hand, integration models are made of combination of arrangements between actors and management tools. We maintain that : - each integration’s model takes part in integrative collective action. Nevertheless, no model is perfect. - the model of integration built in this doctoral thesis at a departmental level is not perfect but it works. We analysed the action of the departmental Council in water management in order to illustrate our theory. We used the example of an actor : the Bas-Rhin Council ; and the implementation of a new management tool : a water observatory, which was our field study
Pelletier, Vincent. "Développement d'une approche intégrée pour la gestion de l'eau en production de canneberges." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27488.
Full textIn an evolving context where climate change will cause an increase in extreme weather events, agricultural water management will have to be optimized in order to limit the impact of environmental stresses on crop yields. Although critical thresholds where these stresses occur have been established for several plant species, little is known about these relationships in cranberry production. Hence, the determination of these thresholds is then a prerequisite for developing of a sustainable water management. Consequently, field and growth cabinet experiments were carried out to study the impact of the main abiotic stresses on cranberries and to propose innovating strategies leading to a holistic approach for water management. By controlling the water table at 60 cm depth below soil surface, yields were maximized and overhead irrigation was minimized. However, cranberries are very sensitive to poor drainage conditions. In two case studies, yield losses of 25 and 39% were associated to drainage problems. Because controlling water table depth may slow down drainage rate and lead to oxygen deficiency in the rhizosphere following rainfall, a growth cabinet experiment was needed for determining cranberry tolerance to hypoxic conditions. Because the results showed that photosynthesis declined by 28% after the 1st day of waterlogging, drainage systems should be fully efficient in avoiding such conditions. Managing water table depth leads to drier canopy conditions than sprinkler irrigation, and thus may increase the vapor pressure deficit near the foliage and the risk of heat stress. Under controlled conditions, the optimal temperature range for carbon assimilation was between 25 and 29 °C, with photosynthesis declining by 11% at 33 °C and by 22% at 37 °C. Under controlled environmental conditions, cooling the vines for 20 minutes when temperature reaches 33 °C was beneficial to limit heat stress and was able to reduce photosynthetic midday depression. By integrating these new parameters and strategies to water management, cranberry growers will maximize crop yields while reducing the crop environmental impact.
Laurent, François. "Outils de modélisation spatiale pour la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau.Application aux Schémas d'Aménagement et de Gestion des Eaux." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00009131.
Full textCes SAGE nécessitent de prendre en compte la diversité spatiale et thématique des données sur l'unité hydrologique considérée. Les Systèmes d'Information Géographiques (SIG) permettent de représenter cette diversité. Ces bases de données géographiques servent à la fois à l'organisation, à l'actualisation et à l'analyse des données spatiales. L'analyse spatiale est importante pour traiter des interactions entre les éléments sur un bassin versant. Les SIG sont utiles également pour le paramétrage de modèles hydrologiques distribués afin de modéliser la variabilité spatio-temporelle des ressources en eau. Une méthode de détermination de la résolution spatiale adaptée à l'introduction de paramètres dans un modèle hydrologique basée sur l'entropie de Shannon est également présentée.
L'intérêt des SIG couplés à des modèles hydrologiques est illustré au moyen de différents exemples d'application sur un bassin versant du Massif Central situé dans le nord du département de la Loire : le Renaison (133 km²). Ces différents exemples répondent à des problèmes qui se posent lors d'un SAGE : estimation des débits des cours d'eau sur des secteurs non-mesurés, prévision des débits en fonction de scénarios météorologiques, apports en azote par sous-bassin versant, vulnérabilité des ressources en eau superficielles, effet filtre de la végétation naturelle sur les nitrates, rôle des zones humides dans l'auto-épuration.
Bodart, Adrien. "La protection intégrée des eaux souterraines en droit de l'Union Européenne." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1G026/document.
Full textBecause groundwater, which represents 98% of the liquid freshwater on Earth, is vital, of particular benefit due to its special properties, but, often, especially vulnerable, in the long term, to the unceasing degra-dation caused by the anthropogenic era, it should be the subject of a regulation that would express the whole meaning of the “high level of protection of the environment” required in the European Union primary law. The integrated management of water resources management (IWRM) implemented by the EU should therefore, for this water, strive for a higher stage of preservation of a singularly fragile underground environment, through a sharper distinction between the concepts of integrated “management” and “protection”, according to the intensity of preservation they would respectively imply. Via such an evolution from integrated management to protection, the latter becoming an autonomous framework of action, the EU law would adopt a different position on the balance between economic interests and ecological necessities. This strengthening of the relevant secondary law must rest on, first and foremost, a new apprehension of groundwater, in the water framework directive and the directive 2006/118/EC, beyond a conception too perfunctory to comprehend the richness of it, otherwise it won’t be fully protected. So, without prejudice to the unity of water law, specific adjustments should be provided for, concerning ground waters, insofar as their dynamics may significantly differ, in time and space, from those of surface water. Since ground waters can’t be separated from its receptacle (soil and subsoil), its integrated protection would demand in addition to transcend the borders of the sectoral water policy and to go beyond the integration as we know it in the current IWRM, which doesn’t erase contradictions between sectoral policies. Thus has to be carried on the improvement of the coherence between relevant politics (environment, agriculture, industry, energy…), in order to build a complete protection of the underground environment. A new framework where would be mobilized all involved actors, converging towards this purpose thanks to more appropriate mechanisms
Ferraton, Mélanie. "L'approche participative au service de la gestion intégrée de la ressource en eau : l'expérience des parcs naturels régionaux du Sud-Est de la France." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAA022/document.
Full textThe thesis arises from a partnership work between the association “ le Groupement des Amis des Parcs Naturels Régionaux du Sud-Est ” (GAPSE) and the “Savoie Mont Blanc ” University. It was made within the CIFRE agreement (Industrial agreement of learning/training by research). The PhD focuses on the participatory component of the Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) in the regional nature parks in the south-east of France.The study relies on the feedback and the analysis of the participatory action research program called “L’Eau entre mémoire et devenir” (“Water between memory and future”), which has been created in 2008 by the GAPSE. Based on a survey methodology of key actors, the thesis identifies around thirty participatory actions under the IWRM. The census and analysis of these actions and of their implementation conditions led to build a dynamic model about the participatory approach of IWRM.We examine the regional nature parks status, as news water territories, beyond the narrower confines of watershed-based management, on the basis of a thorough and integrated analysis of actors’ interactions.This study shows that these territories can generate innovative participatory actions going beyond just the institutional conciliation scheme, based on a representative system. These actions arise despite the legislative change, due to a territorial reform, which restrict water prerogatives of regional nature parks.However, these voluntary initiatives implemented by the territorial authorities, associations or citizen collective organizations are still disparate and lack of coherence and coordination between them.The public action has to deal with a diversity of actors and actions with various objectives. The real issue becomes citizen participatory initiatives articulation. This PhD tries to answer to this challenge by proposing a methodological guide about the IWRM implementation, based on the regional nature parks feedbacks
Formiga, Johnsson Rosa Maria. "Les eaux brésiliennes : analyse du passage à une gestion intégrée dans l'Etat de São Paulo." Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120032.
Full textNguyen, Van Bai. "Conception d'un SIG pour l'appui à la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau à l'échelle du bassin hydrologique." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2545/.
Full textIn this study we propose a simple, relevant and easy to implement approach to assess the impacts of land use changes on the water cycle, from the small scale of the watershed to the large scale hydrologic basin. This approach first consists in collecting a database about the spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation and temperature, the geographical boundaries of the watersheds and the recent land use changes considered under rather broad classes. These data feed a Geographic Information System (GIS) of "water resources and their territories" of the Upstream Garonne Basin (part of the Adour-Garonne basin in France) which is our study area. The GIS, implemented in ArcGIS, allows various data manipulation, some via a computer code (in Python). The proposed methodological approach was tested in three hydrographic zones of the Upstream Garonne basin. Two scenarios are considered to analyze the hydrological behavior : a scenario of continuity for which the rates of land-use change observed between 2000 and 2006 are applied to the production of annual land-use maps till 2030 ; a scenario for which the observed rate of urbanization is amplified by a factor of 10 when extrapolating land use maps until 2030. Then a method for the assignment of values ??of hydrological coefficients (limited to the three major evapotranspiration, runoff and infiltration processes) to the land-use classes is described. Finally the values ??of hydrological coefficients are organized in the form of scaled indicators summarizing the relevant information on the water cycle to decision makers
Gosselin, Philippe. "La gestion intégrée de l'eau est-elle vraiment intégrée au Québec? : une synthèse des connaissances et une évaluation du concept d'intégration dans la GIEBV québécoise." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40072.
Full textCalvo-Mendieta, Iratxe. "L'économie des ressources en eau : de l'internalisation des externalités à la gestion intégrée : l'exemple du bassin versant de l'Audomarois." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011495.
Full textCe constat constitue le point de départ de ce travail de thèse, dont l'objectif est de mener une réflexion approfondie sur la gestion des ressources en eau dans une double perspective, analytique et normative. Tout d'abord, la visée analytique de cette recherche a trait aux conflits d'usage dans le domaine de l'eau. Face aux limites des approches théoriques standard pour l'appréhension des spécificités de l'eau et de l'ensemble des dimensions liées aux conflits dans ce domaine (dynamiques collectives, représentations sociales des usages, dimension territoriale...) il s'agit de mettre en évidence une grille théorique permettant d'étudier ces relations conflictuelles dans toutes leurs dimensions – et en premier lieu leurs facteurs déterminants. Par ailleurs, il convient de s'interroger, selon une perspective davantage normative, sur le contenu de la notion de gestion intégrée des ressources en eau.
Ainsi, nous défendons la thèse que la définition d'une gestion intégrée des ressources en eau implique : un régime institutionnel de ressources en eau intégré (forte cohérence entre politiques publiques et droits de propriété/usage et forte étendue), la reconnaissance et compréhension des conflits d'usage et de leur dépassement et la transversalité des politiques publiques ayant une influence sur l'eau, notamment les politiques de gestion de l'espace.
Nous faisons appel à quatre outils théoriques complémentaires : le modèle des « cités » de Boltanski et Thévenot (1991), l'approche patrimoniale, l'économie de la proximité et le régime institutionnel de ressources. La combinaison de ces constructions théoriques nous conduit à une grille analytique pertinente pour rendre compte de l'émergence, du déroulement et de la gestion des conflits d'usage autour des ressources en eau et aider à la définition normative d'une gestion intégrée. Afin de tester empiriquement cette grille analytique, nous étudions le bassin versant de l'Audomarois (Nord – Pas-de-Calais). Il s'agit d'étudier la mise en œuvre de la gestion de l'eau à une échelle spatiale locale, le bassin versant étant considéré comme l'unité territoriale pertinente de cette gestion.
Tanouti, Oumaima. "La gestion intégrée des ressources en eau à l'épreuve du bassin versant : cas du bassin du Tensift au Maroc." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100172/document.
Full textUntil recently, water was considered abundant and inexhaustible, and increased mobilization was the answer given to the increased needs related to the increase in human activity. Nevertheless, with the emergence of use conflicts, the technicist ideology has been called into question and has given way to more integrated models of management. IWRM and the establishment of basin organization have therefore become imperatives of good governance of the water sector, widely promoted by "international policy entrepreneurs". Morocco undertook a comprehensive reform of the water sector in 1995, based on these two principles, which led to the creation of a basin agency.Two decades later, the articulation of the legal and institutional framework of the sector seems inefficient. The constraints related to path dependencies and the institutional environment have, in fact, largely shaped the Agencies creating an important gap between the "Basin Agency Model" and its Moroccan translation. The analysis of the Agency's action in the Tensift Basin reveals that its power is being diluted in favor of other sectors that maintain their historic prerogatives over the resource. It is moreover retained at the central level, by the ministry of supervision. Facing the economic and political stakes that operate at the basin level, and which limit its fields of action, the Agency is forced to ‘laisser- aller’ attitude, which is in itself a form of demand management that allows to operate a 'natural selection' carries inequalities and social risks as well as increased environmental degradation
Sahtout, Nadia. "L'eau et la ville en climat semi-aride : vers la gestion intégrée de la ressource. Exemple du Grand Sousse en Tunisie littorale." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040062.
Full textGrand Sousse, oriental part of Sousse governorate, shelters one of the most important regional metropolises of the country, with a concentration on the littoral fringe of the human and economic activities. The demographic explosion and the generalization of the sideboard in drinking water make an important home of water consumption. Now this region is also very marked by the aridity, the main cause of low local resources. Dependent on nearby regions for its water supply, Grand Sousse leads for a long time a running to the harnessing to satisfy growing needs. The traditional political strategy of mobilization and transfers of the resources ending, the future management recommends the extensive appeal to the not conventional resources, some treated waste water and desalinated waters. It is about one of the main control levers of intervention there which Grand Sousse can promote for an "integrated management" of the hydraulic system, besides a management of the demand centred on the savings of water. The thesis mobilized direct inquiries on a representative sample of households, industrial units and hotels; they allowed to draw up balance sheet actions led in the sense of this new orientation, and to understand better the constraints and the met obstacles. The cartographic was a tool indispensable to the representation of this inadequacy between supply and demand in water, the network of supply and distribution, and constituents of the future management of the water. The forward-looking approach allows pulling the air-raid siren at the threat that makes weigh the trend-setting evolution of the demand on the socio-spatial balances, and proposes alternative solutions of this evolution
Gardeisen, Philippe. "Pour une approche intégrée de la gestion de la qualité de l'eau : le cas du bassin versant de l'Hérault." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON10033.
Full textThe water quality management remains widely an unexplored domain. So, the traditional planning ways take imperfectly into account the interactions between the economical sphere and the natural environment. It's especially the case for the water quality in the herault valley. After the analysis of the water system of the valley and of the imbalances concerning the economical development and the superficial water quality, the examination of the valley development project and the herault river contract put forward the necessity of an integrated way of the water quality management. Two ways are so explorated : the first one is an adaptation of a physical representation model of the flows, applied to water management in the basin of the palavas lagoons ; the second one, way out of our thought about the herault valley, try to integrate the both projects by bringing on a water quality simulation model
Nascimento, Januário da Rocha. "Gestion intégrée de l'eau et développement durable : le cas du Cap-Vert." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR066/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the problem of water use in a poor, vulnerable, semi-arid West African archipelago where the issue of water resources has always posed major problems, problems which five centuries of colonization were unable to solve. In an open, interdependent world in which issues of environmental sustainability, agricultural production, food security and the fight against poverty and in favor of development are major challenges for the planet and its inhabitants, integrated water resources management (IWRM) constitutes an interesting solution for an economy of water that responds to these difficulties in the country.The objective of the thesis is to contribute to the implementation of integral water resource management in the territory of the Republic of Cabo Verde. It questions the “adopted model” of hydraulic dams, with the example of the Polião Dam in Ribeira Seca valley, on the island of Santiago, the first dam built in Cabo Verde, with the help of the People’s Republic of China. It examines the role and effects of irrigation, the impacts of engaging therein on the local environment, and the socio-economic problems caused by water usage in the Ribeira Seca watershed.The thesis also uses international comparisons to raise questions related to the legal, regulatory and institutional governance of water in Cabo Verde. Finally, it proposes a water management model inspired by the Integrated Water Resources Management approach
A presente tese aborda a questão do uso da água num arquipélago Oeste Africano semiárido, pobre, vulnerável, onde a questão dos recursos hídricos sempre levantou problemas graves, que cinco séculos de colonização não conseguiram resolver. Num mundo interdependente e aberto, onde as questões de sustentabilidade ambiental, a produção agrícola, a segurança alimentar e a luta contra a pobreza e pelo desenvolvimento são as questões fundamentais para (a preservação) do planeta e seus habitantes, a gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos (GIRH) é uma solução interessante para uma economia cabo-verdiana da água que responda a estes desafios.O objetivo desta tese é o de contribuir para a implementação da GIRH no território da República de Cabo Verde. A tese questiona sobre o "modelo transferido " de barragens, como por exemplo o da Barragem de Poilão na Ribeira Seca, na ilha de Santiago, a primeira barragem construída em Cabo Verde, com a ajuda da Cooperação chinesa. A tese examina o papel e os efeitos da irrigação, o impacto da sua implementação no ambiente local, assim como os problemas socioeconómicos causados pelo uso da água na bacia hidrográfica de Ribeira Seca.A tese interroga-se sobre a questão da governança jurídica, regulamentar e institucional da água em Cabo Verde, usando o direito comparado internacional. Finalmente, a tese oferece um modelo de gestão da água, com base na abordagem GIRH
Abdoulaye, Moussa Abdoul Wahab. "Le concept de bassin en droit international : des ressources en eau au développement durable." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0020.
Full textBasin, long regarded as a unit of management of water resources, has undergone a profound change with the globalization of international environmental law in the 70s and the advent of the concept of human development in the 90s. From a spatial notion applied to water, it is now an applied concept of sustainable development, including its three pillars: economic, ecological and social. Its dimension as an object of international law continues to expand gradually, incorporating all the natural elements found in a specific area and majority of international watercourses law, international environmental law, ecosystems law, water cycle law and sustainable development law. But basins have also become real spaces of international relations, especially in developing countries, foremost among African states. Originally designed as to permit optimal and non-confrontational water resources use, they are now becoming real regional integration spaces of multidimensional nature, in which cooperation and conciliation of interests occupy a central place in the management and administration of natural resources in concert with stakeholders, prevention of disputes, their settlement, but above all, the implementation of a real sustainable development at the regional level
Amorsi, Natacha. "La gestion durable de l'eau : l'apport de la Matrice de le Délibération à l'évaluation économique. Etude de cas: la nappe des calcaires de Champigny." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS044S.
Full textThe characterisation of water is strongly related to the functions and services delivered by the water. Nevertheless, a consensual approach relies on the fact that “the water is not a private good as the others”. Therefore the analysis of the natural capital ‘water’ challenges the standard economic approaches. The market mechanisms are not efficient for goods that are non exclusive and non rival. Environmental governance issues are characterised by uncertainty and complexity often embedded in incomplete information. In the context of the sustainable development which supports to reconcile the economic, social and environmental dimensions, one major challenge is the public participation in the water policy. Non expert knowledge should enhance scientific knowledge for two main reasons: in order to complete the information as well as to raise the social acceptability of water management measures. Our research explored how deliberative approach organised with virtual tools support the economic evaluation for water sustainable management. We showed multi-criteria analysis is complementary to cost benefit and cost effective analysis, highlighting their capacities to mobilise and structure different kind of knowledge. The first version of the Deliberation Matrix has been developed for our case study: Champigny aquifer. The concept is embedded in a multi-criteria and multi-actors analysis structured with governance issues and potential futures of the aquifer. The transposition of the concept to the deliberation tool Champigny DST answers some of the Science Society Interface challenges
Duchesne, Jean-Louis. "Vers une gestion intégrée des eaux de l'Amour : Le cas de la rivière Songhua, en Chine." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24885/24885.pdf.
Full textChina’s spectacular economic growth of China is changing the face of the world. However, if the phenomenon itself was studied from every angle, one only now begins to understand the real scope of its environmental and geopolitical consequences. Examplifying that phenomenon is the extremely polluted Songhua river, a major tributary of the Amur river, in North-East Asia. In the past decade or so, the concept of integrated river basin management has gained ground on the localised and more technical approach which prevailed before. China itself set it up as a fundamental theory in its Water Law of 2002. The integrated management of the Songhua river basin and, by extension, that of the Amur river, is a multi-faceted problem for the Chinese government. The reform of institutions, economic development, social stability and transborder issues are the main stakes.
Tissier, Grégory. "Ressource et gestion intégrée des eaux karstiques de montagne : analyse des impacts du changement climatique et de l'anthropisation des bassins versants." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808614.
Full textLewis, Nathalie. "La gestion intégrée de l'eau en France : critique sociologique à partir d'une étude de terrain, bassin Loire-Bretagne." Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE1039.
Full textCharnay, Bérangère. "Pour une gestion intégrée des ressources en eau sur un territoire de montagne : le cas du bassin versant du Giffre (Haute-Savoie)." Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS003.
Full textWater resources management is a complex issue for several reasons : multiplication and concentration of uses in a situation of interdependence, diversity of socio-economic users, responsibilities split between public and private, sectoral and sometimes mutually contradictory regulations overlap, opposition of representation systems. . . This complexity relates to the relevance and feasibility of integrated and sustainable water resources management in mountain watersheds at a local level. Is this the solution to the management problems in such areas, i. E. Can it provide sustainable solutions to reconcile economic use and water resources conservation? We have chosen the "systems" approach applied to the "Giffre" watershed for holistic understanding of water resources management systems specific to mountain areas
Sabri, Hind. "La gouvernance locale de l'eau d'irrigation : entre logiques et stratégies des acteurs et enjeux des interventions étatiques dans la vallée d'Amizmiz (Haut Atlas occidental, Maroc)." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE2003.
Full textThe transition through the political apprehension of water and its levels of adaptability to the local scale in the Mediterranean local level is still ineluctable in order to conceive the evolution of social management styles of irrigation water in the valley of Amizmiz (High Atlas of Morocco). Concerning the evolution of water policies, Morocco has always followed a French juridical model rooted to its hydraulic political history. In the development processes, the technical and adjusted water politics have always disadvantaged the highlands and advantaged the flatlands while considering water as a non-exhaustible resource. Nonetheless, the failure of these purely interventionist policies, that will be revealed later on, encouraged administrative services to think about new modalities that interlock directly in the processes of local water governance. On the other hand, these public strategies have relatively ignored the complexity of social and ecological environments that had previously been appropriated and managed by local actors.The recent public speech oriented to rapid integrated management of water resources cannot be, in this case, considered as an innovation after old irrigation traditions that registered the real modalities of balanced management of ecological and social environments. Through anthropological study on water governance, we can identify the continuities and changes made in the public and local ways of management of irrigation water. Now, the issue of local governance of water is part of a dynamic and flexible social management unlike another state management based on technical, economic and legal rationality
Jalala, Said. "Paramètres multi-critères pour un nouveau modèle de gestion intégrée des ressources en eau dans une région méditerranéenne semi-aride : Application à la bande de Gaza." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Jalala.pdf.
Full textParage, Jane. "Gouvernance locale de l'eau et information géographique : étude du SAGE du bassin versant de la Mayenne - France." Le Mans, 2009. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2009/2009LEMA3004_1.pdf.
Full textThe integrated watershed management is spreading like an alternative to the sectorial and centralizing policies. This new model of management belongs to the international organization which recommend a local governance, where the power is given to the local stakeholders who define compromises collectively and implement actions. France was one of the first countries to make water governance with the Water Management Plans (SAGE) introduced by the water act of 1992. These procedures have ambition a watershed management, on a hydrographic unit scale, by going into partnership the actors. These actors have a different culture and practice of water and space. Thereby, these procedures beg the question of their applicability. The Water Management Plans use Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Their practice are variable as to the knowledge, the division and the exchange of information and the negotiation and the decision aid. Thereby, the question of the use of the geographic information to accompany arises the process of a local governance. This thesis consist in understanding the dynamic process of a local governance of Water Management Plans and in analyzing the role of the geographic information. The approach rests on study and explorative case studies, which reveal the principal obstacle and overhang at the participation, the dialogue and decision over the Water Management Plans and proposes a exploitation method geographic information, using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), over Water Management Plan of the Mayenne. The principal results reveal that several variables are likely to influence the process of governance during the the Water Management Plans : the territory, the sociocultural and political context and the nature and intensity of the water problems as the political, technical and financier management. Also, they emphasize the quality and the intelligibility of geographic information to interpret the complexity of the hydrosystème, to make emerge a global view of the problems, to describe the management objectives, to support the implication of the local actors and to dynamize the debates in the development of the compromises
Diop, Penda. "Vers une stratégie de gestion participative multi-usages de la ressource en eau dans le delta du fleuve Sénégal : processus de décision et outils de régulation autour du lac de Guiers." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV045/document.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to evaluate the relevance of the participatory approach as a leverage tool to achieve a better shared and sustainable local management of water resources around lake Guiers in Senegal. It is the only freshwater lake of importance in the country. Located in a semi-desert zone of the Sahelian ecological region, lake Guiers is coveted by several types of uses. It is considered both nationally and locally as a vital resource for drinking water supply in nearby regions and large cities as a strategic resource for maintaining food self-sufficiency, as well as being a vector of economic development of the agro-pastoral village communities.The methodological approach adopted is the "bottom-up" approach, starting from field diagnosis of the case of lake Guiers. It is based on interviews and questionnaire surveys with managers and users of the lake’s water, an analysis of the sets of actors in an evolving institutional framework and the analysis of the spatial dynamics of distribution of the uses of the lake’s water. This diagnosis demonstrates the extent to which the participatory approach advocated in the water management strategies and plans of lake Guiers is effectively implemented and strengthens the participation of water resource users in order to achieve a better shared and sustainable management of this water resource.The participatory approach is functional only if the management framework is part of a comprehensive, collaborative and integrated management approach in which all users and managers are involved in the decision-making process (co-management). Furthermore, the participatory approach is often difficult to organize. This difficulty increases when the geographical scope is large and the aim is to involve all the users and managers concerned at all levels with sometimes contradictory interests. Moreover, the thesis reveals that the increase in the implantation of economic activities that are supposed to benefit the region leads to perverse effects that run counter to the objectives of the management plans: a drop in water quality and of the available quantities (pollution caused by discharges from agro-industries and increased collection volumes). All the series of actions (services) involved imply expenditures for the management actors (maintenance of infrastructures, control of sampling, pollution control etc.). In this area, the thesis recommends that the management of water resources in the lake should take into account this decisive dimension, by developing new management tools corresponding to the economic valuation of water and by creating an observatory, an integrating tool of its sustainable future. This is a sine qua non condition for improving the living conditions of local residents. The thesis confirms, through the case of Lake Guiers, the relevance of the theories of the participatory approach to accompany and help its management actors in their apprehension and organization of the management system
Aoun, Sebaiti Badra. "Gestion optimisée des ressources en eau d’une nappe côtière : application à la plaine d’Annaba (Nord-est Algérien)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10075/document.
Full textThe region of Annaba, situated in the North East of Algeria, contains in its underground water resources that represent a significant enough interest to feed people, water for agriculture and industry. This site is currently undergoing a gradual anthropogenic pressure becomes worrisome. Indeed, the continuous operation of the water has caused deterioration of water quality and negatively influenced the hydrodynamic equilibrium of the aquifer. It has also ensured the emergence of salt wedges even threatening in the short term and exploitation of the water and the proper functioning of wetlands.Based on the analytical results obtained for series of samples of more or less regular intervals, performed on the main measurement networks, we tried to identify key factors influencing the evolution of the physico-chemical water and delineate the advancing salt wedge. In this research, simulation models have proved to be very powerful tools to understand the hydrodynamic functioning of aquifers in the region of Annaba, situated north east of Algeria, taking into account the heterogeneity of environments. They have also highlighted a vulnerability of aquifers in coastal areas where there is inflow of the sea and stream chloride concentration large enough. The negative impacts on groundwater and ecosystems can become catastrophic if nothing is done to curb the problem.Models based on artificial neural networks have emerged as a powerful way to develop predictive relations between the different indicators of the management of water resources in the region. In this context of strong demand for water, only an integrated approach offers the possibility to manage these resources while respecting the natural environment, citizens' interests and those of economic actors. The research meets this need for integration, since the location and evaluation of groundwater resources, to protect their quality, but while evaluating the potential adverse effects. In this research, a new model of integrated management of water has been developed based on the relation of cause and effect addressing the entire cycle of water. Hydrological variables were developed and classified into five categories which are socio-economic constraints of pollution, water quality, impact of human activity and management of urban space and agriculture. The relevant variables were characterized using artificial neural networks, risk assessment on human health and the expert opinion. It has been demonstrated that a combination of practical measures necessary to ensure the sustainable management of water
Byeon, Seong Joon. "Évaluation des besoins en eau et gestion raisonnée en milieu insulaire." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4106/document.
Full textKorea repeatedly experiences floods and droughts that cause traumatic environmental conditions with huge economic impact. With an approach and solution such as Smart Water Grid these problems can be alleviated. Tapping into the retention ponds behind dams, rainfall harvest facilities in urban areas and any other structures installed to store rainfall water during flood events will mitigate the damage of flooding and provide a new source of national water resources. Similarly, purified waste water, ground water and desalinated sea water can also be feasible to use as alternative water resources. In this research, the water balance assessment model is being developed as a Smart Water Grid concept. In fact, large proportions of water resources in Korea rely on a river fresh water. Also in the Youngjongdo Island, tap water from water purification plant which use original source from the Han river. However the water supply system in the island is quite dangerous since the water purification plant is located in Incheon city and the water comes to island through the sea and no other source is used in the island. Therefore, once the accident at main water pipe in the sea, no water is available in this island. Information on water availability and water needs are crucial to identify hot spots of quantitative pressures on water resources. In this study, all available alternative water sources are calculated by the model developed through this study. Several physical and stochastic models on hydraulic and hydrological approaches are nominated to investigate physical characteristics of catchments
Colas, Hubert. "Modélisation intégrée bassin versant - Activités humaines - Milieux hydriques : application au bassin versant du Lez et des étangs palavasiens." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20195.
Full textCharron, Catherine, and Catherine Charron. "Eau, patrimoine et communautés : le cas du Tribunal des eaux de Valence (Espagne)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37662.
Full textCe mémoire étudie le fonctionnement et les processus de patrimonialisation du Tribunal des eaux de Valence (Espagne), ainsi que les mécanismes de la participation des communautés autonomes d'irrigants dans sa conservation, sa transmission et sa mise en valeur. Il s'intéresse aux perceptions des acteurs du milieu agricole, des juges (syndics) du Tribunal et des agriculteurs de la huerta valencienne, quant à la fonction sociale actuelle du Tribunal et à son rôle dans la sauvegarde des savoir-faire d'irrigations traditionnels. Le mémoire permet en outre de comprendre les impacts de la patrimonialisation de l'UNESCO sur le patrimoine culturel immatériel du point de vue des individus impliqués dans le Tribunal et du point de vue des agriculteurs sur le terrain.
This master thesis proposes an in-depth analysis of the functioning and heritage processes of the Valencia Water Tribunal (Spain), included in the Lift of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2009. In doing so, it provides new empirical evidence of the ways the participation of autonomous communities of irrigators impact its conservation, transmission and enhancement. The study details the actors’ perceptions of the role played by the judges of the Tribunal and the farmers in the huerta in safeguarding traditional irrigation knowhow and into current social functions of the Tribunal. One notable contribution this dissertation defends consists in better understanding the impacts of UNESCO's designation on intangible cultural heritage from the point of view of the actors (e.g. judges, farmers) involved in the Tribunal.
This master thesis proposes an in-depth analysis of the functioning and heritage processes of the Valencia Water Tribunal (Spain), included in the Lift of the Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2009. In doing so, it provides new empirical evidence of the ways the participation of autonomous communities of irrigators impact its conservation, transmission and enhancement. The study details the actors’ perceptions of the role played by the judges of the Tribunal and the farmers in the huerta in safeguarding traditional irrigation knowhow and into current social functions of the Tribunal. One notable contribution this dissertation defends consists in better understanding the impacts of UNESCO's designation on intangible cultural heritage from the point of view of the actors (e.g. judges, farmers) involved in the Tribunal.
Mi tesis se centra en el estudio del funcionamiento y del proceso de patrimonializacion del Tribunal de las Aguas de la vega de Valencia, nominado por la Lista del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad de la UNESCO en 2009. También trata sobre los mecanismos de participación de las comunidades autonómicas de regantes de la huerta valenciana en su conservación, transmisión y mejora. Me intereso en las percepciones de los actores agrícolas, los síndicos del Tribunal y los regantes respecto alas funciones sociales actuales del Tribunal y su rol en la conservación, transmisión y mejora de los conocimientos tradicionales de riego. Mi tesis también permite de entender los impactos de la patrimonializacion por la UNESCO de un patrimonio cultural inmaterial desde el punto de vista de los actores implicados en la institución del Tribunal y desde el punto de vista de los agricultores.
Mi tesis se centra en el estudio del funcionamiento y del proceso de patrimonializacion del Tribunal de las Aguas de la vega de Valencia, nominado por la Lista del Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad de la UNESCO en 2009. También trata sobre los mecanismos de participación de las comunidades autonómicas de regantes de la huerta valenciana en su conservación, transmisión y mejora. Me intereso en las percepciones de los actores agrícolas, los síndicos del Tribunal y los regantes respecto alas funciones sociales actuales del Tribunal y su rol en la conservación, transmisión y mejora de los conocimientos tradicionales de riego. Mi tesis también permite de entender los impactos de la patrimonializacion por la UNESCO de un patrimonio cultural inmaterial desde el punto de vista de los actores implicados en la institución del Tribunal y desde el punto de vista de los agricultores.
Finigue, Abdelouahed. "Les ressources en eau dans le dir de l'atlas de Béni Mellal : problèmes de gestion et développement local." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0016/document.
Full textThis research study deals with the issue of water contribution to local development in the Dir area. The issue is of a paramount importance today both locally and globally. The world as a whole and the Mediterranean region in particular lives under climate changes and the effects of global warming, with a succession of long periods of drought and irregular rainfalls. On the local level, the successive periods of drought in the Atlas mountainous area have caused a significant decline in the amount of water reserves and resources in the Dir area. The succession of extreme weather conditions such as unusual floods and droughts undermine the contribution of water resources to local development. The alarmingly growing population as a result of emigration towards the Dir area has led to a significant expansion of unstructured and poorly planned urban areas, causing serious environmental problems such as the loss of fertile agricultural land, the expansion of pockets of poverty, and the increase in the number of unemployed people in the Dir area. The contamination of water resources due to the absence of sewage networks in most villages and the ineffective methods of organizing and using water reserves are a real obstacle to development in the Dir area. This requires the implementation of more rational irrigation methods to save existing water resources. All these obstacles make water resources unable to play an effective and leading role in the local development of the Dir area. The provision of technical, social and economic conditions as well as other complementary components can contribute to the development of the Dir area
Coulibaly, Baba. "Quelle gestion intégrée du fleuve Niger au Mali ? : Normes, usages, régulations, territorialités locales dans les Communes riveraines des Cercles de Ségou et de Mopti." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3085.
Full textThe Niger River is now facing natural and anthropogenic threats; the solution is both in local arbitrage and in international considerations. Its rich history shows a series of regulation and local management logics depending on time and space. The Niger River has been at the center of strategies for local and colonial dominations. These modes of local controls lead more and more place for some more integrated management systems. This research focuses on the governance of the Niger River waters in Segou and Mopti. It aims to understand the dynamics of actors, especially strategies, relationships and interactions of actors around the water in the context of decentralization, but also their perceptions of the River water. The results show the complexity of water governance especially with regard to regulation and the narrow articulations between global and local dynamics. Ignorance and lack of implementation of laws governing the field of water characterize the governance of Niger River. The multiplicity of actors leads to the overlap of roles and potential conflicts of competence. The implementation of the governance involves complex relationships between multiple actors. This complexity returns to issues of territories and territorialities in particular in the interior Delta. Finally, decentralization has encouraged the direct involvement of local stakeholders in the management of local resources. But it has also exacerbated the risk of conflicts between multiple actors, in search of leadership and legitimacy around the river
Amamba, Itoumba Frédéric Elie. "Modélisation d’un réseau de réservoirs en vue d’optimiser la gestion des eaux pluviales." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10180/document.
Full textIn urban environments, or in the areas where the stormy showers are frequent and violent, it is advisable to temporarily store volumes of precipitations in retaining tanks before slackening them with flow controlled in the sewage networks or the natural environment, which limits the risks of flood and the environmental impacts. The dimension of these basins can quickly be important and their establishment on an encumbered site to become complicated and expensive. The solution suggested in this study is to distribute the retention on several basins connected to each other by pipes and controlled by nozzles, and to exploit their respective capacity and the conditions of transfer to optimize the rejection in the network or the natural environment. A numerical model named tank type was developed, which represents with a good level of precision the heights in the basins and the flows transferred according to time as well as intensity and the duration of the rain. This simplified model incremented according to a step of coherent time with the intensity of the rain works in volumes and flow without being delayed on the hydraulic conditions of flow. It was validated by several studies of sensitivity on meshes of 2 or 3 tanks and opens up the way for a tool for pre simple and reliable dimensioning
Ahoulouma, Fortuné B. "Contribution à l'étude du concept de développement durable : une application au secteur de l'eau douce au sein de l'Union économique et monétaire ouest africaine (U.E.M.O.A.)." Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT3008.
Full textThe study aims at exploring the ways for the appropriation of sustainable development by international law because of its spell-binding and vague nature. This concept, which became popular during the 1992 Rio Declaration, is used today as a basis for public policies on environment. The study thus proposes, because of the general character of the concept, an application to the water sector within the U. E. M. O. A region. This application depends on the changes which could stem from the international acknowledgement of sustainable development in International water law. International principles and regulations of sustainable and common management of water resources will flow from these evolutions which could be adaptated within the U. E. M. O. A. Member countries. There is a need for reforms and for a strong involvement of the international community which constitutes the adequate framework for a critical analysis geared towards the defence of common interests
El, Masri Fayez. "A data-based model for the domestic water demand in palestinian territory." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10101/document.
Full textWater scarcity and increasing water demand especially for residential use are major challenges facing Palestine. The need to accurately forecast water consumption is useful for the planning and management of this natural resource. The main objective of this research is to (i) study the major factors influencing the water consumption in Palestine, (ii) understand the general pattern of Household water consumption, (iii) assess the possible changes in household water consumption and suggest appropriate remedies and (iv) develop prediction model based on the Artificial Neural Network to the water consumption in Palestinian cities.The research is organized in four parts. The first part includes literature review of household water consumption studies. The second part concerns data collection methodology, conceptual framework for the household water consumption surveys, survey descriptions and data processing methods. The third part presents descriptive statistics, multiple regression and analysis of the water consumption in the two Palestinian cities. The final part develops the use of Artificial Neural Network for modeling the water consumption in Palestinian cities
Milano, Marianne. "Changements globaux en Méditerranée : impacts sur le stress hydrique et la capacité à satisfaire les demandes en eau." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20080.
Full textThe Mediterranean basin has been identified as one of the world's most vulnerable regions to climatic and anthropogenic changes and constitutes a water crisis' hot spot. Under such context, questions on water resources management arise. Integrated methodologies taking into account evolution in water resources availability and water demands are thus generated. A first methodology accounting for the Mediterranean basin specific conditions is developed to assess the current and future water stress state of this region. The medium-term evolution of water stress is investigated using climatic scenarios and a water-use scenario based on efficiency improvements following the recommendations of the Mediterranean Strategy for Sustainable Development. Currently, the southern and eastern rims are experiencing high to severe water stress. By the 2050 horizon, a 30–50% decline in freshwater resources is simulated over most of the Mediterranean basin and total water withdrawals are projected to double. Water stress could hence increase over the whole Mediterranean basin. If progresses in efficiency are reached, total water withdrawals would stabilize over the Mediterranean basin and even make them decrease (10–40%) in many northern catchments. Water stress could thus be tempered in some eastern catchments and kept to low on the northern rim. A second integrated water resources modelling framework was developed over the Ebro catchment (Spain) in order to evaluate water allocation for the domestic and agricultural sector as well as for environmental purposes. The catchment was divided into 9 sub-catchments to which 11 demand sites were attributed, in order to take into account the different hydro-climatic regimes and the influence of dams on hydrological regimes. This method defines current pressures applied to water resources and evaluates the evolution of water allocation by the medium term under climatic and water-use scenarios considering population growth and irrigated areas expansion. Currently, water demands are satisfied over the Ebro catchment. In 2050, water resources are projected to decline by 30-35% during the spring and summer seasons. Environmental and domestic water demands should still be satisfied but agricultural water demands could have to face severe water shortages during the summer season. These two modeling frameworks establish a dialogue between water resources and water demands at different space scales and give indexes on the capacity to satisfy water demands under climatic and anthropogenic scenarios. These studies provide original approaches to evaluate water resources current and future availability, to identify the most vulnerable regions to water use conflicts and to better orientate adaptation strategies. In a context of climatic and anthropogenic changes, such frameworks are a first step to better sustain water management policies and to support the co-construction of scenarios between users, policy-makers and scientists
Blot, Frédérique. "Discours et pratiques autour du "développement durable" et des "ressources en eau" : une "approche relationnelle" appliquée aux bassins d'Adour-Garonne et du Segura." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00175943.
Full textPaccard, Pierre. "Gestion durable de l'eau en montagne : le cas de la production de neige en stations de sports d'hiver." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00572604.
Full textHamamy, Ghalia. "Le choix d'un système de régulation dans les services publics : le cas de l'eau au Liban." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100063.
Full textCountries are reforming their water public utilities in order to introduce a new regulatory system called Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). IWRM may be centralized, decentralized or in-between. What is the dynamic behind this rationale?We will examine the contributions of religion, law, economics, political science and management to regulation. These contributions shall be combined with those of neo-institutional and bureaucracy theories in order to create some regulatory tools such as yardstick competition, ring fencing competition and price-cap regulation.We will also study public service, public utility and universal service. We will also examine water, gas, electricity and telecommunications characteristics in order to highlight the water utility specificities.We will use grounded theories and analytic narrative elements in studying in-depth the water public utility regulation in two countries with reference models, in six countries with hybrid models and two international reference hybrid models. A qualitative model with core and ancillary dynamics will be sketched.Quantitative techniques will confirm/infirm this dynamic through a questionnaire that will be tested on a database consisting of 106 countries in order to produce a quantitative model of this dynamic.Finally, the qualitative and quantitative models will be compared in order to produce a final model of water public utility dynamics of regulation which will be theoretically discussed
Bakayoko, Seydou. "L'encadrement juridique international du bassin du fleuve Niger : contribution à l'étude du droit international des cours d'eau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080062.
Full textThe management of the Niger River basin is a major issue for the nine States sharing it at the regional level. In order to stabilize their relations, the riparian States of the Niger River basin have developed a legal framework for cooperation in the use of their water resources. The Niger Basin regime thus relies on a dual framework of cooperation – both normative and institutional – which raises the question of the true specificity of this legal regime. While the legal regime of the Niger River Basin is seen as a contribution to the study of international watercourse law, the international legal framework of the Niger River Basin is not conceived in a perspective of going beyond the traditional tenets of international watercourse law. This legal framework thus confines the management of the waters of the river basin in the classical sphere of interstate relations.The legal framework of the Niger River Basin does not therefore reveal the existence of a specific legal regime for the management of rivers. This lack of specificity does not lead to the conclusion that this legal regime is irrelevant. Its relevance lies in the framework of relations between States and in the dispute prevention instrument that this regime provides. The search for the true specificity of the legal system necessarily involves a new development towards the management of water resources in the collective interest of the riparian States. The reception of the legal integration model in the context of the Niger River basin would be a relevant means to develop a genuine expected specificity. The normative and institutional framework could thus be based on the legal implications of qualifying the water of the Niger River as a "common heritage of riparian States”
Grusson, Youen. "Modélisation de l'évolution hydroclimatique des flux et stocks d'eau verte et d'eau bleue du bassin versant de la Garonne." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26931.
Full textLa gestion intégrée de la ressource en eau implique de distinguer les parcours de l’eau qui sont accessibles aux sociétés de ceux qui ne le sont pas. Les cheminements de l’eau sont nombreux et fortement variables d’un lieu à l’autre. Il est possible de simplifier cette question en s’attardant plutôt aux deux destinations de l’eau. L’eau bleue forme les réserves et les flux dans l’hydrosystème : cours d’eau, nappes et écoulements souterrains. L’eau verte est le flux invisible de vapeur d’eau qui rejoint l’atmosphère. Elle inclut l’eau consommée par les plantes et l’eau dans les sols. Or, un grand nombre d’études ne portent que sur un seul type d’eau bleue, en ne s’intéressant généralement qu’au devenir des débits ou, plus rarement, à la recharge des nappes. Le portrait global est alors manquant. Dans un même temps, les changements climatiques viennent impacter ce cheminement de l’eau en faisant varier de manière distincte les différents composants de cycle hydrologique. L’étude réalisée ici utilise l’outil de modélisation SWAT afin de réaliser le suivi de toutes les composantes du cycle hydrologique et de quantifier l’impact des changements climatiques sur l’hydrosystème du bassin versant de la Garonne. Une première partie du travail a permis d’affiner la mise en place du modèle pour répondre au mieux à la problématique posée. Un soin particulier a été apporté à l’utilisation de données météorologiques sur grille (SAFRAN) ainsi qu’à la prise en compte de la neige sur les reliefs. Le calage des paramètres du modèle a été testé dans un contexte differential split sampling, en calant puis validant sur des années contrastées en terme climatique afin d’appréhender la robustesse de la simulation dans un contexte de changements climatiques. Cette étape a permis une amélioration substantielle des performances sur la période de calage (2000-2010) ainsi que la mise en évidence de la stabilité du modèle face aux changements climatiques. Par suite, des simulations sur une période d’un siècle (1960-2050) ont été produites puis analysées en deux phases : i) La période passée (1960-2000), basée sur les observations climatiques, a servi de période de validation à long terme du modèle sur la simulation des débits, avec de très bonnes performances. L’analyse des différents composants hydrologiques met en évidence un impact fort sur les flux et stocks d’eau verte, avec une diminution de la teneur en eau des sols et une augmentation importante de l’évapotranspiration. Les composantes de l’eau bleue sont principalement perturbées au niveau du stock de neige et des débits qui présentent tous les deux une baisse substantielle. ii) Des projections hydrologiques ont été réalisées (2010-2050) en sélectionnant une gamme de scénarios et de modèles climatiques issus d’une mise à l’échelle dynamique. L’analyse de simulation vient en bonne part confirmer les conclusions tirées de la période passée : un impact important sur l’eau verte, avec toujours une baisse de la teneur en eau des sols et une augmentation de l’évapotranspiration potentielle. Les simulations montrent que la teneur en eau des sols pendant la période estivale est telle qu’elle en vient à réduire les flux d’évapotranspiration réelle, mettant en évidence le possible déficit futur des stocks d’eau verte. En outre, si l’analyse des composantes de l’eau bleue montre toujours une diminution significative du stock de neige, les débits semblent cette fois en hausse pendant l’automne et l’hiver. Ces résultats sont un signe de l’«accélération» des composantes d’eau bleue de surface, probablement en relation avec l’augmentation des évènements extrêmes de précipitation. Ce travail a permis de réaliser une analyse des variations de la plupart des composantes du cycle hydrologique à l’échelle d’un bassin versant, confirmant l’importance de prendre en compte toutes ces composantes pour évaluer l’impact des changements climatiques et plus largement des changements environnementaux sur la ressource en eau.
Integrated water resource management requires distinction between water paths that are directly available for society and those which are not. Water pathways, from precipitation to the oceans or the atmosphere, are highly variable from one place to another. The complexity of water pathways can be simplified by focusing on two main categories of water resources: blue water, which is the stock and flow moving into the hydrosystem that is directly available (e.g. rivers, lakes, aquifers and groundwater flow), and green water, which is the invisible flow of water vapor leaving the hydrosphere to the atmosphere. The latter includes the water used by forests, grasslands, rain fed crops, and the water in soils. However, many hydrological studies focus only on blue water, particularly the discharge or more rarely the ground water recharge, ignoring all green water components, therefore missing the overall picture. At the same time, climate change highlighted in recent years have been found to impact water pathway distributions by affecting different components of the hydrological cycle at the watershed scale. The study presented here exploits the SWAT hydrological model to assess the variation of different components of a hydrosystem facing climate change. The study area is the watershed of the Garonne River, where data is available. The first part of this work focused on refining the implementation of the model in order to better tackle the problem at hand. Particular attention has been paid to the use of gridded weather data (SAFRAN product) as well as to the simulation of snow present in the mountainous portion of the watershed. Calibration of the model parameters was tested through a differential split sampling method, based on calibration and validation using climatically contrasted periods, in order to test the robustness of the model. These steps led to a substantial improvement in the simulations performance over the calibration period (2000-2010) and demonstrated the robustness of the model within a climate change context. The improved SWAT model was next used to produce simulations over a hundred-year period (1960-2050), an analysis carried out in two steps: First, the past period (1960-2000) simulation, based on observed climatic data, was used to validate discharge simulations for which very good performance was obtained. Analysis of the different components of the hydrological cycle showed a strong impact on flows and stocks of green water, with a reduction of the water content in soil and a substantial increase in evapotranspiration. Blue water is mostly impacted in terms of snow stock and discharge flow, which both showed a substantial decrease. Secondly, hydrological projections were performed (2010-2050) based on a selection of climate scenarios and models, submitted to dynamic downscaling. Analysis of these projections partly confirmed the conclusions drawn from the historic period: i.e. a substantial impact on green water, with a decrease of the soil water content and an increase of potential evapotranspiration. The projections also revealed that the soil water content during the summer season is such that it reduces the actual evapotranspiration, highlighting possible future deficits of green water stocks. Furthermore, if the analysis of blue water components always presented a substantial decrease in the snowpack, discharge appears to increase during autumn and winter periods. These results indicate an "acceleration" of blue surface water components which is likely related to an increase in extreme rainfall events. In this study, an analysis of the variation of the main hydrological cycle components have been proposed at a watershed scales, confirming the importance of taking into account all these components to evaluate the climate change impact and more broadly environmental changes on water resources.
Auvet, Brice. "Façons de gouverner et façons de faire l'eau en Crau." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IAVF0002/document.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the institutions and the social relations which shape water use in the Crau plain. The inductive and multi-scale approach explores the interactions between human and non-human actors that contribute to water governmance and practices. The fieldwork focused on the dynamics of modernization in water over the last two centuries and particularly on moves toward integrated water management. Archival work drawing on historical and contemporary sources makes it possible to identify the continuities and discontinuities in manners to govern water. Interviews and the observation of meetings, both professional and public, provide insights into the actual interplay among actors. The genealogy and functioning of governing apparatuses, as well as the ways in which they are adapted, circumvented or opposed in turn, are analyzed using a constructivist and historical perspective. This work thus contributes to a political ecology of the first world by bringing together a Latourian approach with a Foucauldian study of governing manners.Water in the Crau is a multifaceted object appropriated in a number of different ways. the gravity-fed irrigation of 12 000 ha of grassland producing hay in the Crau relies on a canal network that has derived water from the Durance since 1554, and has been supplied since 1972 by the hydroelectric infrastructure. This has resulted in a frontier between the dry Crau (Coussouls) and the “productive” wet Crau. These irrigation practices account for 70% of the volume of the groundwater table. Since the 1970s, industrial development, intensive agriculture and urban expansion have led to an increasing exploitation of groundwater. This water sustains 270 000 inhabitants and is considered vulnerable, particularly as it is artificially sustained by hay production. The groundwater is subject to management apparatuses that aim to protect the resource through a territorial approach.The long term study of the articulation of specific techno-scientific knowledge and manners to govern water highlight the heterogeneous network of actors and objects that interact to modernize water. “Modernity” is understood as an emancipatory ideal based on increased objectivity, efficacy, profitability and formalism (Latour, 2004). This research analyzes how the different manners to modernize water transform the materiality of water itself. The study of material, symbolic or normative constructions underpinning and territorializing the modernization apparatuses of water governance is complemented by the study of arrangements, adaptations and resistance that they generate in turn. The heart of this study, and its empirical contribution, lie in this tension between governing manners and everyday practices.Three waves of modernization of water have been identified from the grounded perspective of the Crau. Following the French Revolution, the first wave aimed to conquer and to improve the Crau. The state progressively imposed water regulation and supported the cultivation of Coussouls by private actors. In the 1950s, the second wave, implemented as part of a project to reconstruct France, emphasized hydraulic abundance. Since the 1990s, a third wave has highlighted the scarcity of water and the vulnerability o users, and called for integrated management. The vivisection of apparatuses of groundwater management considers its functioning in both its formal aspect and informal practices. Discourses of water crises reveal themselves as an integral part of water management. They are deployed to mobilize historical actors and users, by integrating them in a new governmentality within which they have to work
Habets, Florence. "Etude de la ressource en eau: de l'hydrométéorologie à la modélisation intégrée des hydrosystèmes." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00568005.
Full textChillet, Daniel. "Contribution à la gestion dynamique de ressource reconfigurable intégrée au sein d'un MPSoC." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509892.
Full textGirard, Sabine. "La territorialisation de la politique de l'eau est-elle gage d'efficacité environnementale ? : Analyse diachronique de dispositifs de gestion des eaux dans la vallée de la Drôme (1970-2011)." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737165.
Full textGrandgirard, Agnès. "De la gestion intégrée comme doctrine à l'intégration comme défi de gestion." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003040.
Full textReynaud, Arnaud. "Gestion durable d'une ressource naturelle : le cas du système aquifère girondin." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10023.
Full textFlipo, Nicolas. "Modélisation des Hydrosystèmes Continentaux pour une Gestion Durable de la Ressource en Eau." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879449.
Full textMichalland, Béatrice. "Approche économique de la gestion de la ressource en eau pour l'usage d'irrigation." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR1D014.
Full textHow to manage the water resource in order to maximise the welfare from a quantitative point of view ? How to allocate water between users and more particulary between irrigators and others users ; in the french socio-economic environment ? These are the questions, we have tried to answer through this phd thesis. The thesis is made of three parts. In part i, the agricultural, environmental and fnancial stakes of a rational water management are described. Technical information useful for the following parts are also given, such as paysant motivations, relation between quantity of water supplied and plant yield, irrigation water costs, and water resource management models. Part ii is exclusively dedicated to the the evaluation of the agricultural water demand function. Two types of methods are described. The first is based on farm production models whixh can be agregated to evaluate the regional demand. The other methods re based on the analysis of economic data which are supposed to reveal the paysant preferences and the value they attribute to water. In the last part, the concept of optimal water management is defined. The potential techniques, which exist to maximise the collectif welfare, are analysed and among them, more attention is given to the marginal cost tarification and the water market. All this work refers more specificaly to the south wxest of france and more precisely to the garonne valey
Frutos, Cachorro Julia de. "Gestion d'une ressource en eau souterraine sujette aux sécheresses : analyse des stratégies d'adaptation." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10012/document.
Full textThe management of a groundwater resource used for irrigation is a phenomenon that depends on several factors and concerning various actors (users and manager). Moreover, the resource can be subject to droughts. In this case, the management of the resource becomes a more complex problem. Adaptation to droughts is important because they can have significant impacts on agriculturalactivity and on the water table of the resource. This adaptation hinges crucially on the information available to the manager and the resource users. In chapters 2 and 3, we analyze the impact of an hydrological drought on the optimal management of the resource, before and after its arrival. In particular, in chapter 2, we show how the manager can adapt as good as possible to this drought according to the nature of information he has. In chapter 3, we are show that taking into account strategic and dynamic interactions between the users of the ressource leads to less efficient resource use. We apply models of chapters 2 and 3 to the aquifer Western La Mancha, in Spain. In chapter 4, we study the impact of an agronomic drought on the optimal management of a farm in the area of Central Beauce, in France. We take into account hydrological, agronomic and economic informations. In particular, we analyze the impact of a dry period on the annual benefits of the farm and on the groundwater resource level. Furthermore, we study optimal strategic behavior of farmers in a dry year, whether they are subject to water restrictions or not. We show that a regulation policy is necessary to avoid the overexploitation of the ressource in a dry year
David-Melon, Valérie. "La redevance ressource : analyse critique et applications." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32006.
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