Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Gestion Intégrée des Zones Côtières'
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Bayeba, Marina Céline. "Gestion intégrée des zones côtières en Afrique de l'Ouest : le cas de la Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, Littoral, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019DUNK0551.
Full textThe coastline is the subject of a very important economic, social and environmental issue. Its abusive exploitation makes it vulnerable, and exposes it to hazards reducing the hability of coastal ecosystems to preserve and maintain themselves. For the management of its coastline, Côte d'Ivoire has ratified almost all the Conventions and International agreements advocating the integrated management of this area. This objective is not easy to achieve because of this initial management sectorized but also because the fragmentation of skills and the lack of connection between the various issues related to conservation and protection of ecosystems benefits, cultural and economics of coastal areas. The search for coordination and coherence at the institutional, politicaln economic and legal levels is essential. Actions have been led, the adoption in 2014 of the law on the coast and the adoption of the new maritime code. These actions to be perfected must allow everyone to participate and facilitate access to justice
Lozachmeur, Olivier. "La consécration du concept de "gestion intégrée des zones côtières" en droit international, communautaire et national." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT4012.
Full text"Integrated coastal zone management" (ICZM) is a dynamic process in which a coordinated strategy is developed and implemented for the allocation of environment, socio-cultural and institutional resources to achieve the conservation and sustainable multiple use of the coastal zone. After its recognition during the Rio Conference in 1992, the concept was took up by the international community and international organisations. In Europe, this approach was made concrete by the publication of a European strategy of ICZM in 2000 and by a Recommendation to the states members in 2002. Following the dedication of the ICZM concept by the french Government in 2001 and by the french Parliament in 2002, France prepare a national ICZM strategy since 2003. So certain instruments (SMVM, DTA, SDAGE, SAGE, bay contracts. . . ) fit partially in a prospect for ICZM, many efforts and legal adaptation still remain to make so that this concept is truly implemented in our country
Barde, Julien. "Mutualisation de données et de connaissances pour la gestion Intégrée des Zones Côtières : application au projet SYSCOLAG." Montpellier 2, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00112661.
Full textErnoul, Lisa. "Entre Camargue et Delta de Gediz : réflexions sur les transferts de modèles de gestion intégrée des zones côtières." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3065.
Full textParticipatory integrated management gained international recognition in Europe with integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) approaches. The movement has spread beyond the European borders and includes the entire Mediterranean basin with the ICZM Protocol under the Barcelona Convention. This research raises the question on the application of standardized environmental management models in distinct geopolitical and socio-cultural contexts. The overall objective of this analysis is to improve the implementation and impact of conservation projects through an improved understanding of social, cultural and geographical dimensions. This research analyzes the complexity of socio-cultural perceptions and dynamics of environmental governance within and between sites (the Rhone delta, France and the Gediz delta, Turkey). Base lines were established for political and administrative contexts, ecological states and socio-cultural perspectives to analyze the similarities and differences. Ninety three qualitative and quantitative interviews were conducted using a purposive sampling methodology. The potential application of integrated participatory management was studied through the lenses of social networks, environmental discourses, and environmental values and perceptions with a geo-governance approach. Using each of these views, we demonstrated that participation is considered, sought and implemented in distinct ways in each site. These differences support the dominant theme of this work: environmental strategies must be adapted to suit site specific contexts. The results are a reminder that we should not overlook local contexts if we want to promote institutional effectiveness
LE, ROUX Sylvain. "Pêche et territoires au Sénégal." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010547.
Full textSalbert, Vincent. "Tourisme et gestion intégrée des zones côtières : les conditions d'un développement durable : exemple de l'île de Tahiti (Polynésie française)." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30022.
Full textThe great tourism development of small tropical islands has threatened their sustainability. For developed countries, Tahiti is a myth and Tahitian tourism doesn't use island patrimony (natural, social or cultural) except artificial beaches and lagoon beauty. A major problem is inadequate understanding of tourism dynamics and the absence of simple integrated measures of tourism's pervasive economic, social and environmental impacts. This work presents the framework in which Tahitian tourism develops, its characteristics and it porposes a space analysis method to evaluate its impacts. This method is applicable superficially with only one indicator to each element in the system (environmental, economical and social) or to go deeper into study with a lot of indicators to each element. This methodology must allow an integrated tourism management with others island activities and an sustainable tourism destination
Bawedin, Vincent. "La Gestion Intégrée des Zones Côtières (GIZC) confrontée aux dynamiques territoriales dans le bassin d'Arcachon et sur la côte picarde." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00431534.
Full textPioch, Sylvain. "Les "habitats artificiels" : éléments de stratégie pour une gestion intégrée des zones côtières ? : essai de méthodologie d'aménagement en récifs artificiels adaptés à la pêche artisanale côtière." Montpellier 3, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01971993.
Full textThis thesis under CIFRE contract aims to offer a methodology to change shore underwater marine systems into artificial habitat for ecosystem and fisheries exploitation. The objective is to give additional tools and answers to professionals specialised in fisheries and ecosystems management. The methodology is geo-systemic, it aims to integrate these changes into the ecosystem and socio-economic systems of artisanal fisheries (strategy type ICAM). The studies conducted on site in Japan taught us how to handle the integration of the underwater world through the relationship between species and their living space. This approach leads us to change the concept of "artificial reef" to the concept of "artificial habitat" as living spaces adapted for species living in a shore environment. The comparison of techniques from Japan, Portugal and France (the priority for these countries is to improve their marine parks with artificial habitat in order to help fishery related professions) helped us to identify a lack methodology in France. It is this global methodology that we want to define. The essence of this methodology is based on the relationship between society and nature at two levels : biophysical and socio-economical. It's organised by typology of artificial living space. Its application on one case study allows us to understand its limits and the necessity to define a common way of using such spaces. AH are participative transactional tools during concerted phases. We demonstrate that the wish to improve underwater living spaces enables the limitation and familiarization of shore territories which was until now unknown. The preservation of the shore ecosystems made possible by this methodology could assist in a balanced development of territorial collectivities
Ritschard, Lucille. "Représentations spatiales et Processus de Gestion Intégrées des Zones Côtières (GIZC) : application à deux territoires côtiers bretons." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0019/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates the usages of spatial representations (maps, simulations, 3D representations…) described in the literature as essential to any process of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM). The aim is to understand how spatial representations contribute to implementing and organising ICZM processes at a local scale.An ethnographic methodology is implemented in two case studies in France (Brest and Lorient) in order to observe spatial representations in concrete and tangible situations of uses. Circumstances, goals and uses conditions are analysed as well as interactions that they induce with stakeholders, contributing (or not) to move on the process to a next step. We used the actor network’s theory to analysed a corpus made of 15 non-participating observatories, 24 semi-structured interviews with the stakeholders and 300 documents (reports, slides show…) including 115 spatial representations.The results show that the ICZM’s stakeholders use only a few potentialities offered by the Geographic Information Technologies. Furthermore, spatial representation’s uses are mainly intended to construct and stabilise the actor’s network rather than to organise the territory as generally described in the literature.Finally, the spatial representation’s status (inscriptions, intermediary objects, actants) vary slightly. Indeed, spatial representations are mainly used as intermediary objects, helping stakeholders to collaborate
Meur-Ferec, Catherine. "De la dynamique naturelle à la gestion intégrée de l'espace littoral :un itinéraire de géographe." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00167784.
Full textLes particularités de l'espace littoral, à la fois attractif et contraignant, soulèvent des questionnements spécifiques : Quelle place les espaces de nature ont-ils sur le littoral et comment les préserver durablement dans le respect d'une éthique de l'écoumène ? Comment gérer sur le long terme les risques qui touchent à la mobilité du trait de côte et qui remettent en question certains choix d'aménagement passés et projets actuels ? De façon plus globale, comment évaluer les atouts et les dangers d'une "nouvelle politique du littoral" ? Jusqu'où la décentralisation peut-elle s'appliquer à la gestion de la nature et des risques, qui relèvent avant tout du principe d'intérêt général ? Quel équilibre trouver entre global et local et comment la GIZC peut-elle favoriser les "coutures" entre ces deux échelles ?
Autant de problématiques que le géographe universitaire peut contribuer à éclairer, en scrutant, en analysant, en s'appuyant sur les apports d'autres disciplines, mais toujours en s'imprégnant de la complexité du terrain et en échangeant avec les "praticiens", gestionnaires, élus et usagers.
Zeggaï, Nassima. "Pour un développement intégré du Tourisme en Algérie : le cas du littoral algérois." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040260.
Full textAlgeria is a producing and exporting country of hydrocarbons, but this revenue stream which made live more than 30 million inhabitants will be dried up in less than 30 years. The spectre of it after oil will show itself as we shall expect least unless no measure was taken to face it. One of the substitution solutions to hydrocarbons is to develop the sector of the tourism. It is an economic stake which will assure resources in currencies and their positive effects on the balance of payments. On the redundancy plan, it will allow to increase the employment knowing that there is a distance mattering between the demand and the offer regarding work. It is also an environmental stake because it requires the existence of quality potentialities to assure its sustainability.It is in this frame that we registered our research for a tourist development in Algeria in its integrated dimension, environment-friendly, by supporting our work by taking for study case Algiers, the capital being the showcase of the country. To do it, we established a current situation of the tourism in Algeria and the environmental impacts on the tourist spaces. The tourism is not developed in spite of the diversity of the potentialities and the multiple strategies of tourist development which followed one another. Besides, knowing that the tourist sector undergoes the impacts of the other activities on the environment, we detailed the sources of degradation by returning on the case of Algiers which shows well the catastrophic environmental situation which prevails in the country. ll this allowed to clear perspectives for a development integrated of the tourism on the coast of Algiers, which can be adapted to every entity of the algerian coast
Barde, Julien. "Mutualisation de données et de connaissances pour laGestion Intégrée des Zones Côtières.Application au projet SYSCOLAG." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00112661.
Full textla gestion intégrée de la zone côtière (GIZC). Elle étudie la mise en place de méthodes génériques
pour optimiser la gestion de l'information et de la connaissance dans les dispositifs de GIZC. Compte
tenu de l'hétérogénéité des ressources informationnelles nécessaires et réparties chez des acteurs variés de l'importance de l'information géographique dans ce domaine, nous proposons, en réponse à cette problématique, une solution qui s'appuie sur l'utilisation d'un service de métadonnées pour décrire et localiser l'information existante et d'un référentiel sémantique pour intégrer et partager la connaissance experte. Ces outils sont accessibles sur un portail Web. Le premier implémente la norme ISO 19115 relative à la gestion de métadonnées pour l'information géographique), le second s'appuie sur un modèle d'ontologie a priori qui structure l'inventaire des concepts du domaine et exprime la connaissance qui leur est associée. Les concepts spatiaux possèdent des propriétés géométriques qui permettent leurs représentations cartographiques géoréférencées et des relations spatiales normalisées d'après les travaux de l'Open Gis Consortium. Le référentiel sémantique sert pour le contrôle de la valuation d'éléments clés du service de métadonnées, en particulier les éléments de descriptions thématique et spatiale (avec une interface cartographique). Le gain en qualité d'indexation améliore la localisation d'information. Le détail du référentiel est consultable sous la forme d'une base terminologique, d'un réseau sémantique et d'un atlas cartographique (basé la norme relative aux Web Mapping Service de l'OGC) dans le cas des concepts spatiaux. De tels systèmes distribués sont capables d'interopérer et partager les métadonnées, l'information géographique, ou les concepts qu'ils hébergent.
Mots-clés : métadonnées, partage de l'information, partage de la connaissance, ontologie a priori,
information géographique, gestion intégrée de la zone côtière, SIG.
Sparfel, Lénaïg. "Etude des changements d'occupation des sols dans la zone côtière à partir de données hétérogènes : application au pays de Brest." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00636846.
Full textSchneider, Frédéric. "Les energies marines renouvelables face au droit." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE0010.
Full textThe issue of marine renewable energies raises complex legal problems which interest the Law in its International, European and Domestic dimension. The effervescence of public and private initiatives on the matter requires a tailored approach to improve and develop legal instruments to support development of ocean energies. This approach elicits three levels of analysis. According to the International Law, it is marked by an environmental objective resulting from public interest. In this sense, marine energy conversion does not generate greenhouse gas emissions and its impact on the marine environment is generally minimal. With the help of these renewable energies, States will be able to respect their supranational commitments, particularly regarding climate change. In addition, the Law of the Sea provides legal certainty in the use of ocean space, by defining not only rights but obligations to coastal states. At the European level, legal certainty is connected to the target of at least 20 % share of energy from renewable sources in the Union's gross final consumption of energy by 2020, and is especially encouraged by the North Seas Countries' Offshore Grid Initiative in the context of the Europe's emerging renewable energy market. On a National perspective, the analysis of Comparative Law highlights the best practices related to offshore renewable development in terms of promoting investment and sustainable ocean management
Capet, Yann. "La Recomposition du territoire littoral en France métropolitaine." Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0157.
Full textThe variety of the actors and the reduction of the legal instruments contribute to make of the coast a fragmented space. The movement of reorganization which gets territories today seems to be able to restore him a certain unity renewing there even the legal apprehension of which it was until then the object. The consolidation of the concept of Integrated Coastal Zones Management, at the same time as the development of the reorganization of territories, opens the way to a new conception of the relations maintained between law and littoral. The reorganization of the territories, as essential modality of the ICZM, open the possibility of restoring the unity of the coast, in the fact that it pulls the consequences of the maladjustment of the traditional administrative territories and that it restores the sector-based instruments drawn by the law in a global and unified perspective. The appeal to the notion of reorganization of the territory for the implemented of has ICZM renew connections between the law and the coast and tends to a certain extent to restore it in one system opened to the specificities. The coast is then envisaged under the angle of a general approach opened to the variety thanks to a revival of connections between law and territory. This hypothesis seems to authorize a new reading of the littoral problems by allowing to integrate at the same moment spaces, standards and actors in a management system the end of which is the sustainable development of the coast
Georis-Creuseveau, Jade. "Les Infrastructures de Données Géographiques (IDG) : développement d'une méthodologie pour l'étude des usages : le cas des acteurs côtiers et de la GIZC en France." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0033/document.
Full textSpatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs) have been implemented over the last twenty years in particular in order to contribute to Environmental Policy by improving geographic information access and sharing processes. Given the current dynamics of both production and circulation of environmental geographic information, the general aim underlying this research is part of the general framework for a better understanding of environmental management practices. This research focuses specifically on French SDIs and their contribution to Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), a complex form of territorial governance for which the collection and sharing, particularly via SDIs, of geographic information have been identified, since the 2000s, as a major component on which to found coastal and marine public policies. However, the real contribution of SDIs depends on the answers they provide to their users. From a methodological perspective, this PhD is implemented by an exploratory research approach focusing on the usages and needs of coastal stakeholders as well as on the complex and dynamic nature of SDIs. The research approach is divided into two phases: - A national online survey examined by a triple analysis: Statistical analysis, Social Network Analysis (SNA) and thematic analysis;- A sub-national case study based on semi-structured interviews with key informants and analyzed thematically and by Data Flow Diagrams (DFD). These data collection and analysis techniques have been selected and implemented in an integrated and complementary approach to enable understanding, explanation and generalization of the "SDI system" in the context of ICZM. For each phase of the research, three types of results emerged: the profile of users, the type of SDIs playing a role in the management of French coasts, and their contribution to the management of these areas. The above-described research has resulted in a contribution to the knowledge of SDI appropriation and the associated information flows
Rambinintsaotra, Saholy Harinirina. "Vers la gestion intégrée des zônes côtières à Madagascar." Limoges, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIMO0512.
Full textThe coastal zones occupy a very important place in the human's life. They represent, like forests and the agricultural areas, the systems that maintained life on earth. The coastal zones biodiversity contain very weak ecosystems, which mostly suffer from human pressures. Facing this wealth, the different pressures on the coastal territories and the many legal texts that organize this space, the concept of integrated coastal zones management is recommanded by the international instruments. It is mainly the 17th Chapter of the Action plan 21, adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) organized in Rio in june 1992 which is the basis of this system. The interest of these global and integrated solutions causes a big capacity of adaptation concerning all the different concepts that are led. The main question is to know if the Malagasy legal setting is able to face the changes required by this concept of global management. In relation to the different conflicts that exist on the coastal space, many opportunities offered by the integration of the modern and the traditional right appear, in order to implement the integrated coastal zones management' approach in the country
Bastide, Julia. "Morphodynamique et enjeux d'aménagement des franges littorales d'un estuaire macrotidal tempéré : la Baie de Somme, Picardie, France." Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0594.
Full textThe Somme estuary is the archetype of a strongly managed, temperate macrotidal estuary confronted with various and often conflicting management and ecological stakes. The estuary, located on the coast of Picardy, in the eastern English Channel, is subject to a very large spring tidal range (> 8 m at the mouth), shows a high degree of infill, and is a strong attractor of sand derived from a sediment transport pathway along the French coast in the eastern English Channel. The morphodynamic characterization of the estuary has been conducted from a variety of methods including the critical analysis of ancien maps, aerial photographs and several field measurements involving very-high-resolution topographic surveys based on both profiles and digital terrain models, and hydrodynamic monitoring. Grain-size analyses aimed at determining transport vectors, and gravel transport tracer monitoring involving both resin and painted gravels, was also conducted. The flanks of the estuary are characterized by convergent sedimenty cells that contribute to the active estuarine sandy infill. Infill is also assured directly by large occasional sand banks driven onshore from the coastal sediment transport pathway by storms at the secular timescale. Estuarine infill has also been strongly favoured by flood-dominated tidal current asymmetry, and accelerated by important empoldering. The south flank of the estuary is bounded by a gravel barrier spit sourced by cliffs that have now been largely stabilized. This barrier is now strongly managed and is used as a dyke against marine flooding of a reclaimed back-barrier plain. To counter the chronic erosion affecting the proximal zone of this barrier following cliff stabilization, the barrier is frequently nourished artificially, and comprises numerous groynes. The flanks of the Somme estuary pose numerous management stakes in the decades to come. The thesis concludes with a series of coastal management proposals based on an integrated morphodynamic approach that notably includes sediment cells
Yahyaoui, Ahlem. "Conflits d'usage environnementaux sur les rives de la lagune de Bizerte (Tunisie) : une mise en perspective méditerranéenne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0706/document.
Full textThe dissertation seeks to recognize the socio-spatial meanings of dynamic conflicts related to the environment in the lagoon and to assess its effects in terms of environmental governance as well. The analysis concentrates on the reasons and the genesis of the actors’ oppositions at work around the lagoon of Bizerte (Tunisia) and the pond of Berre (Marseille). Putting the light on these conflicts represents an issue for the integrated wetland management. This topic has been tackled on by other researchers. However, it remains a major interest due to the knowledge and the originality of the territory. Particularly, the thesis raises the question of the potential impacts that conflicts can have on organizations and institutions in place. In fact, is it possible that public action will be renewed to follow the emergence or conflicts regulation? This question is tied to the challenges of the current and major companies and to an extreme rapidity of territory changing: Bizerte’s lagoon is situated on the southern shore of the Mediterranean and in a country where the regime is in continuous transition. This research covers the ground to study the potential emergence of the participative approach and the social integration of environmental issues in coastal, urban and rural territory
Rochette, Julien. "LE TRAITEMENT JURIDIQUE D'UNE SINGULARITÉ TERRITORIALE : LA ZONE CÔTIÈRE. ÉTUDE EN DROIT INTERNATIONAL ET DROIT COMPARÉ FRANCO ITALIEN." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00172410.
Full textLaskowski-Fauvet, Natacha. "Approche bioéconomique et gestion intégrée des zones humides." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0074/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at improving the management of wetlands and associated goods/services.By integrating multidisciplinary knowledge to management models, we study the economyas a tool that served Human and Nature. We propose to improve wetlands management bycombining an economic approach to a biological approach in order to express the complexityof these environments in economic models. To do so, this thesis is based on the study ofecosystem services provided by wetlands, which are the functions of habitat, production andregulation. Habitat function is studied through the issue of wetlands accessibility in theGironde estuary by migratory fish species. The production function, closely linked to habitatfunction, is studied through a theoretical model of shared wetland between fish productionand agricultural production. Finally, we address the regulation function by integrating thisfunction in a program of incentives to reduce emissions of agricultural pollutants and restorewetlands
Foury, Nazim Fouad. "L'effectivité des instruments de protection et d'aménagement du littoral méditerranéen : cas de l'Algérie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0220.
Full textThe Algerian coastline is characterized by rich natural resources which offer important economic potential. Nonetheless, this part of the country finds itself victim of its own success and have to face a multitude of problems, especially the over-exploitation of its resources which have been amplified by a massive urbanization that is accelerated more and more, but also by pollution and a deterioration of the coastal areas. Moreover, and to best answer the numerous incoherencies that result from these multiple problems that hit the Algerian coastline, the state has to take necessary measures to find a right balance between the use of this space and its preservation. The thorough analysis of the institutional and legal framework put in place by the Algerian public authorities, proves the existence of a real inadequacy in terms of coastal governance, as well as incomplete judicial texts with regards to coastal preservation and development. The primary challenge of the government is to redress these shortcomings, by putting in place an integrated and global management policy of the coast that will allow a balanced and sustained development of this space
Denis, Jacques. "Développement et validation de méthodes de classification de la zone côtière : une contribution à sa gestion intégrée." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30297.
Full textKoumba, Mabert Brice Didier. "Gestion des zones côtières au Gabon : étude d'appui à l'aménagement des parcs littoraux." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT3008.
Full textAouiche, Ismail. "Dynamique morphosédimentaire de la baie d’Agadir : approche multi-méthodes et préconisations pour une gestion intégrée de la zone côtière." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3017/document.
Full textCoastal systems where sediment transport is perturbed by engineering interventions on the shoreline and shoreface commonly provide fine examples liable to throw light on these links. This is especially so where shoreface bathymetric datasets, which are generally lacking, are collected over time, enabling more or less fine resolution of the meso-scale coastal sediment budget. Agadir Bay and the city of Agadir together form one of the two most important economic development poles on the Atlantic coast of Morocco. Using a combined methodological approach based on wave–current modelling, bathymetric chart-differencing, determination of shoreline fluctuations, and beach topographic surveying, we highlight the close links between variations in the bed of the inner shoreface and the bay shoreline involving both cross-shore and longshore sand transport pathways, sediment budget variations and new sediment cell patterns. This work discusses also the morphological changes and evolution of Agadir Bay beach (Morocco) in response to eight storms between January 2014 and March 2014. A comparison is carried out of the evolution and variability of the beach in a sector of the bay protected by the commercial harbour of Agadir relative to a sector down drift of the harbour that is more exposed to waves, and changes affecting the beach following these storms are examined. Wave influence is evaluated using numerical simulations. The results show that despite being of relatively low intensity, the two first storm events, and especially storm 1, are responsible for major beach morphological changes
Huteau, Charlotte. "Le déplacement en zones côtières : entre anticipation et gestion des risques naturels : perspectives juridiques." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROD002/document.
Full textCoastal areas have always been attractive for their economic potential and their touristic and residential interest. They have been massively settled in countries all over the world. However, while coastlines are weakened by human impact, they are also subject to degradations due to climate change. Besides the sea-level rise, often emphasized by the media, we must consider the erosion caused by storms and hurricanes. The current context is strongly marked by the question of the environmental displaced persons who do not have any status. This situation can be illustrated by the small island states whose territory is threatened by the sea-level rise. Thus, the issue of managing these problems in respect with human rights arises to an increased extent. The challenge of this work, supported by different country profiles: Bangladesh, USA, France, Small Island States (including the Maldives, Kiribati, Tuvalu), is to seek the root causes of this dilemma that has become so intense that it leads to displacement, and then to promote and facilitate adaptation in-situ or adopt new displacement policies that are no longer perceived as a failure but as an adaptation strategy towards risks. This change of perspective intends to mobilize legal tools from various branches of law (Urbanism, Insurance, Liability and humanitarian law, etc.). It also intends to respect principles to ensure anticipation and acceptance of the approach by the people. With the study of these examples, we must identify these commons elements and take into account the specificities of each country and each community
Choblet, Claire. "Espace littoral et décisions d'aménagement : limites et potentialités des études d'impact et des enquêtes publiques : exemple du littoral atlantique français." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010191.
Full textThiao, Djiga. "Un système d'indicateurs de durabilité des pêcheries côtières comme outil de gestion intégrée des ressources halieutiques sénégalaises." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS001S.
Full textThis thesis is centered on an analysis of the sustainability of coastal fisheries, which leads to the proposal of a system of indicators as a tool for integrated management of Senegalese halieutic resources. The objective is to contribute to a better governance of these resources whose exploitation is characterized by the complexity, the multiplicity and the interactivity of several ecological, economical and social factors. The strategy adopted in this thesis is based on a systemic approach, through a multidimensional and multi-stakeholder vision supported by the PSR (pressure-state-response) model. The diagnosis shows general deterioration of the state of coastal ecosystems, which requires adjustment measures of the fishing pressure. However, many gaps remain for a better comprehension and monitoring of changes affecting the sustainability of fisheries and the global vulnerability of coastal ecosystems
Yahyaoui, Ahlem. "Conflits d'usage environnementaux sur les rives de la lagune de Bizerte (Tunisie) : une mise en perspective méditerranéenne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/181024_YAHYAOUI_465hyeh752pqoh615vivk996ykhs_TH.pdf.
Full textThe dissertation seeks to recognize the socio-spatial meanings of dynamic conflicts related to the environment in the lagoon and to assess its effects in terms of environmental governance as well. The analysis concentrates on the reasons and the genesis of the actors’ oppositions at work around the lagoon of Bizerte (Tunisia) and the pond of Berre (Marseille). Putting the light on these conflicts represents an issue for the integrated wetland management. This topic has been tackled on by other researchers. However, it remains a major interest due to the knowledge and the originality of the territory. Particularly, the thesis raises the question of the potential impacts that conflicts can have on organizations and institutions in place. In fact, is it possible that public action will be renewed to follow the emergence or conflicts regulation? This question is tied to the challenges of the current and major companies and to an extreme rapidity of territory changing: Bizerte’s lagoon is situated on the southern shore of the Mediterranean and in a country where the regime is in continuous transition. This research covers the ground to study the potential emergence of the participative approach and the social integration of environmental issues in coastal, urban and rural territory
Dehez, Jeoffrey. "Analyse économique des coûts de gestion des zones côtières protégées : le cas des forêts domaniales de Gironde." Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40006.
Full textSinane, Kamardine Mohamed. "Les littoraux des Comores, dynamique d'un système anthropisé : le cas de l'île d'Anjouan." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0027/document.
Full textIn the context of climate change and sea level rising, the activities of coastal communities can increase the vulnerability of the seashore to coastal erosion particularly in small developing islands as Anjouan in the Comoros archipelago where the human density on the coast is quite heavy. This thesis focuses on sandy beaches, studied as a system. The monitoring of topographic profiles of beaches and landscaped geoindicators show that a large part of the sandy coast of Anjouan is very degraded and eroded. The erosion is mainly localized to areas of high human pressure, including beaches subjected to the extraction of sediments . Combined with natural hazards, the erosion due to human activities generates serious damages for the economy, society and environment of Anjouan, including the degradation of ecosystem services on which the government could draw to initiate the development of the island . To reduce the vulnerability of the coastline to erosion, walls are built with the financial support of international and regional bodies, but they are inefficient and the risk of coastal degradation is even greater. For beach users, causes erosion are to be found in the work of the man and not in nature. Minimizing this risk requires socio-economic measures to reduce anthropogenic degradations. This study shows that a policy of ICZM in Anjouan in the Comoros and elsewhere will only be effective if those responsible for its implementation take into account local realities and perceptions of coastal users
De, Cacqueray Mathilde. "La planification des espaces maritimes en France métropolitaine : un enjeu majeur pour la mise en œuvre de la Gestion Intégrée de la Mer et du Littoral." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656090.
Full textCacqueray, Mathilde de. "La planification des espaces maritimes en France métropolitaine : un enjeu majeur pour la mise en œuvre de la Gestion Intégrée de la Mer et du Littoral." Brest, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656090.
Full textOver the centuries society has modified its representation of marine space, moving from the concept of «empty oceans» to that of «saturated seas ». Indeed, in addition to « traditional» established activities (commercial fishing, navigation etc,) have been superimposed the intensification of certain practices (extraction of marine aggregates, leisure navigation etc. ) and also new activities which, until now, have been purely terrestrial or coastal but which are destined for development in the open sea (marine renewable energy, offshore aquaculture etc. ). In the face of these new developments, the necessity of conserving the marine environment has also encouraged the multiplication of marine protected areas (marine nature parks, Natura 2000 sites, etc. ). There is thus an increase in the demand for maritime space which the actual availability of space cannot respond to, outside of integrated management enabling the cohabitation between ail the various maritime activities. But the particularities of maritime space call for a specific approach. Nowadays, lntegrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is a procedure which is recognized at an international level in response to these issues. But its applications are still too often limited to an experimental stage and the feedback on experiments show that they are limited to coastal land or to confine maritime spaces. It is in this context that Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) would seem to be useful, enabling the extension of the principles of ICZM towards the sea. After studying the implications of MSP, in particular thanks to the analysis of existing experiences at an international level, this thesis focuses on an evaluation of the position of France in relation to MSP in the context of the elaboration of its strategy of Integrated Management of the Sea and Coastline (IMSC). The theoretical aspects of MSP are compared to the conditions on the ground at different levels and, in particular, to those of the maritime basin of Lorient. This approach enables the identification of key elements and issues related to the application of MSP in the context of metropolitan France
Emmanouilidou, Pantelina. "L'île : nouvel objet juridique : le cas particulier des grandes îles de la Méditerranée." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0069.
Full textSlands are territories where the tensions between the protection of the environment and economicdevelopment appear in an exaggerated manner. From one hand, island's ecology needs strict natureconservation measures, because of its vulnerability. On the other hand, the limited available spacein islands, combined with an augmented demand to develop, nourishes the territorial conflicts. Lawis called to manage such conflicts, thus arises the interest of reflecting on the theoretical basis of anIslands Law.This work adopts a territorial approach that studies the Mediterranean island space by usingmanifold tools of social sciences
Cadoret, Anne. "Conflits d'usage liés à l'environnement et réseaux sociaux : Enjeux d'une gestion intégrée? Le cas du littoral du Languedoc-Roussillon." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00176681.
Full textOn observe que des configurations spatiales récurrentes apparaissent quant à la localisation des conflits d'usage. Cependant, le mode d'expression et les formes de régulation diffèrent selon les types de territoires (lagunes, zones périurbaines, départements, communes, etc.) et les types de conflits (urbanisation et aménagements, protection des espaces et des espèces et gestion de l'eau et des déchets).
L'analyse des conditions d'émergence, des modes d'expression et des formes de régulation à une échelle locale révèle les interactions fortes entre les réseaux d'acteurs et les mutations spatiales. L'apparition d'un conflit bouleverse les pratiques et les représentations socio-spatiales. Les territorialités se redessinent et participent d'une part à la restructuration des réseaux d'acteurs, et d'autre part à l'évolution des stratégies et des comportements des acteurs qui influencent en retour l'organisation du territoire.
Laroutis, Dimitri. "Les activités industrielles liées à l'estuaire de la Seine et leurs impacts environnementaux : analyse coûts-bénéfices pour une gestion prospective intégrée." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUED005.
Full textThis dissertation analyzes the economic and environmental impacts of industrialization in the Seine estuary (France) with the aim to understand and asses the terms of the trade-off between the productive and the non-productive uses of a specific environmental asset : the wetlands in the Seine estuary. The study emphasizes the role of natural resources in explaining the specificities of the industrial stucture in estuary. The natural resource-based specificities present an important economic impact in terms of employment and relations with all the local economic actitvities. But negative environmental externalities also associated with these activities. These externalities slow down the requalifiction of this territory whose capacity to create employment is limited. A monetary valuation of wetlands, based on a contingent valuation study conducted in the estuary, reveals the paradoxical situation of the wetlands in the estuary. The estimated value that inhabitants place on their preservation (520 € / ha / year) is higher than preservation and management costs (400 € /ha / year) but much lower than the economic benefits derived from their conversion for industrial use (180 000 € / ha / year)
Lozano-Almario, Andrea. "L’articulation entre universalisme et régionalisme dans la protection de l’environnement marin et côtier des mers régionales : l’exemple de la Région de la Grande Caraïbe." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100077.
Full textThe marine and coastal environment of the Caribe’s region contains important natural resources. It offers significant opportunities to the coastal population and to the border Stats in terms of subsistence and development. However, this environment is confronted to many problems: erosion, overexploitation, pollution and political manipulation. The key challenge that lies the region is to ensure the optimal preservation of this environment and to guarantee a sustainable exploitation of the resources. The analysis of the international and regional normativity put in place for ensure that challenge remains plural and insufficient. The institutional corpus must be improved and the new challenge for the international community is to create a global governance framework able to articulate the international rules with the regional and local rules to find and implement pertinent and effective activities
El medio ambiente marino y costero de la Región del Gran Caribe es un tesoro natural que ofrece importantes oportunidades de supervivencia y de comercio a las poblaciones costeras y que ofrece, al mismo tiempo, posibilidades de desarrollo a los Estados ribereños de esta Región. Sin embargo, toda esta riqueza se ve expuesta a diferentes problemas: erosión, sobreexplotación, polución e instrumentalización política. El desafío reside entonces en el equilibrio entre la conservación optima del medio ambiente y la garantía de la explotación del mismo en el marco del desarrollo sustentable y sostenible. El análisis de la reglamentación internacional y regional implementada para tratar de superar dicho desafío es sin embargo plural e insuficiente. El corpus normativo debe ser objeto de mejoras y en ese entendido, el desafío para la comunidad internacional será crear un marco global de gobernanza capaz de articular las reglas internacionales con las reglas regionales y locales para implementar entonces acciones pertinentes y eficaces
Rocklin, Delphine. "Des modèles et des indicateurs pour évaluer la performance d'aires marines protégées pour la gestion des zones côtières. Application à la Réserve Naturelle des Bouches de Bonifacio (Corse)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20145/document.
Full textThese last decades have been characterized by a great development of fishing techniques, contributing to the overexploitation of numerous marine fish stocks. In order to limit this collapse and to restore impacted communities, the implementation of management measures was necessary. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), initially developed to protect remarkable habitats and associated biodiversity, are more and more used as a tool for spatial management of fishing activities, by adult export and/or larvae migrations from protected zones to surrounding fisheries.The aim of this PhD was to evaluate using indicators and predictive models (i) the impact of the Bonifacio Strait Natural Reserve (Corse) implementation on fish communities and (ii) the benefits of such management measures for the local artisanal fishery. We then developed a model and tested (iii) management scenarios for maintaining the spiny lobster resource, en decline in the reserve, into a sustainable exploitation way.Artisanal fishery catch data from south Corsica has permitted to highlight the indirect impact of recreational fishing on exploited fish communities structure and biomass. Whereas a decrease of the fishing effort may contribute to increasing catches per unit effort (CPUE), the analysis using response groups helped us to reveal differentiated increase of the artisanal fishery catches considering the interest of species to spearfishing. Moreover, we noticed than even if the BSNR legislation represents a benefit for many species, it is not sufficient for the emblematic red spiny lobster recover. Indicators issued from the ISIS-Fish model showed that higher restrictions on this resource access are necessary in the objective of sustainable fisheries
Touili, Nabil. "Adaptation des zones côtières aux changements climatiques : Cadre opérationnel de renforcement de la résilience, appliqué à la gestion des risques d’inondation au niveau de l’estuaire de la Gironde, France." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV104/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with the flood risk management and the adaptation capacities of coastal areas, in regard of the climate change.Currently, the flood hazard vulnerability is aggravated by both the climate change phenomenon and the huge exposure, of people and assets, in risk areas. In the general framework of Theseus european project, this research work has particularly focused on the Gironde estuary, in France, as a case study.The aim of this work is to provide an alternative framework of adaptation for the flood risk management, in regard of the climate change related uncertainties.In this order, our research is initiated by anexploratory study , of the local perception toward the flood hazard, followed by the analysis of the current flood risk management, as a set of structural and nonstructural measures.The published papers, included in this report, summarize our results and illustrate our iterative approach between the field data collection and the theoretical concepts analysis.This thesis research has led to put forward an operationnal framework to enhance the resilience applied to land use planning, warning systems and evacuation plans, business recovery plans, insurance programs and post trauma management
Pantelodimou, Eirini. "La lutte contre la pollution marine en France." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010317.
Full textThe sea plays a vital role in regulating climate and in maintaining ecological balance. The oceans and the sea constitute a source of wealth, an immense reservoir of food resources and of employment for many people. The Mediterranean Sea is a sensitive ecosystem, subject to strong pressures derived from human activities, such as fishing, oil and gas exploration, dumping of waste and other matter in the sea, maritime transport, transfer of aquatic invasive species via ballast water and littoral tourism. France, severely affected by the sinking of the Amoco Cadiz, the Erika and the Prestige, took numerous initiatives not only at an international but also at a regional level. The complexity of the marine pollution problem, due to the diversity of polluting factors and to their diffuse sources, has favored a regional approach. This approach has resulted in the adoption, at a national, regional and international level, of a network of policies, legislative texts, programs and action plans in the field of marine environment protection. It constitutes a stifling body of rules, comprising preventive and repressive measures. The institutional and legal complexity of marine protection hinders, however, the effective protection of the marine environment. ln this context, the international community encourages the implementation of an ecosystem approach to oceans. At European level, the adoption of the Framework Directive «Strategy for the Marine Environment» favours a consistency between different EU policies as well as an integration of environmental considerations into ail policies related to the sea. Furthermore, the effectiveness of European legislation in the field of the fight again marine pollution, has been reinforced by the adoption of a common framework of liability with regard to the prevention and remedy of environment damage
Secula, Christophe. "Acteurs et gestion du littoral. Une anthropologie de la baie du Mont-Saint-Michel." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628924.
Full textBahroun, Soumaya. "Les plages entre altération physique et représentations, les pratiques de réaménagement et résilience : l'exemple des plages du golfe du Lion (Vias, Agde et Marseillan)." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES025.
Full textRising sea levels and coastline recession have become a major issue about which society requires knowledges and solutions. The shorelines most threatened are low seacoasts which are both places of century-old traditions of coastal protection and localities exploited for tourism attracted by their beaches. This material and social vulnerability explains our choice of three municipalities: Vias, Agde and Marseillan (France, Gulf of Lion). These cases highlight features that permit pertinent observations on the subject. Erosion and coastal flood have shaped their landscape and planning. Can socioeconomics systems adapt to this new vulnerability? Resilience is the capacity to anticipate, react and bounce back after a disturbance. This approach allows us to understand how local communities react to vulnerability and plan new forms of resilience and adaptation. We use semi-structured interviews to build monographs and contrast theoretical resilience against real life experiences. These three territories are used to gather empirical knowledge in order to clarify the issues at stake and the need to abandon the concentration of activities on shorelines. Finally, we discuss how a new approach known as integrated coastal zone management; can overcome the complexity of the real situations encountered and underpin solidarity between all the stakeholders. Using a more versatile system, integrated coastal zone management, can help to maintain activities, limit conflicts of interest between public and private stakeholders and strengthen their mutual trust
Finigue, Abdelouahed. "Les ressources en eau dans le dir de l'atlas de Béni Mellal : problèmes de gestion et développement local." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0016/document.
Full textThis research study deals with the issue of water contribution to local development in the Dir area. The issue is of a paramount importance today both locally and globally. The world as a whole and the Mediterranean region in particular lives under climate changes and the effects of global warming, with a succession of long periods of drought and irregular rainfalls. On the local level, the successive periods of drought in the Atlas mountainous area have caused a significant decline in the amount of water reserves and resources in the Dir area. The succession of extreme weather conditions such as unusual floods and droughts undermine the contribution of water resources to local development. The alarmingly growing population as a result of emigration towards the Dir area has led to a significant expansion of unstructured and poorly planned urban areas, causing serious environmental problems such as the loss of fertile agricultural land, the expansion of pockets of poverty, and the increase in the number of unemployed people in the Dir area. The contamination of water resources due to the absence of sewage networks in most villages and the ineffective methods of organizing and using water reserves are a real obstacle to development in the Dir area. This requires the implementation of more rational irrigation methods to save existing water resources. All these obstacles make water resources unable to play an effective and leading role in the local development of the Dir area. The provision of technical, social and economic conditions as well as other complementary components can contribute to the development of the Dir area
Marre, Jean-Baptiste. "L'évaluation économique des services écosystémiques marins et côtiers et son utilisation dans la prise de décision : cas d'étude en Nouvelle-Calédonie et en Australie." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0087/document.
Full textCoastal and marine ecosystems are some of the most heavily exploited with increasing degradation. This alarming situation appeals for urgent and effective actions. The optimal balance between use and conservation of ecosystems theoretically requires all costs and benefits to be considered in decision-making, including intangible costs and benefits such as non-market use and non-use values. The broad aim of this PhD is to examine how these economic values associated with coastal and marine ecosystem services can be measured, and how the economic valuation exercise may be considered and influence management decision- making.The first analytical part of the thesis focuses on assessing non-market use and non-use values, through econometric methods. The characterization and estimation of non-use values are complex and controversial, especially when the valuation exercise is focusing on individuals who are users of the ecosystem services being considered. An original approach based on a stated preference method, namely choice experiments, is developed then empirically applied in quantifying non-market values for marine and coastal ecosystems in two areas in New Caledonia. It allows the estimation of non-use values for populations of users in an implicit way. An in-depth analysis of the individuals’ choice heuristics during the valuation exercise is also conducted, with a focus on payment non-attendance. This issue is dealt with by comparing multiple modelling approaches in terms of: (1) inferred attendance, in relation to stated attendance; (2) attendance distribution according to several socio-economic variables; and (3) welfare estimates.After noting that the potential influence of economic valuation in decision making is unclear and largely unexplored in the literature, the second major component of this PhD aims to examine if, how and to what extent the economic valuation of ecosystem services, including measures of non-market values, influence decision-making regarding coastal and marine ecosystems management in Australia. Based on two nation-wide surveys, the perceived usefulness of the economic valuation of ecosystem services by the general public and decision-makers is studied, and the reasons why decision-makers may or may not fully consider economic values are elicited. Using a multi-criteria analysis, a part of the surveys also aims at examining the relative importance of different evaluation criteria (ecological, social and economic) when assessing the consequences of a hypothetical coastal development project on commercial activities, recreational activities and marine biodiversity
Maillet, Gilles. "Living and fishing in a marine protected area : balancing traditional fisheries with conservation in Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9094.
Full textThis research examined a few important issues related to marine protected area (MPA) management in Indonesia by looking at how MPAs are able to adapt their policies in order to better suit evolving socioeconomic and ecological conditions, what socioeconomic impacts have been felt as a result of MPA implementation, and what are the environmental subjectivities of local actors whose livelihoods are dependent on the resources that are being regulated. The livelihoods framework served as a guide when examining local socioeconomic changes in the region, while Agrawal’s concept of environmentality provided the theoretical underpinnings when examining the formation of environmental subjects in Karimunjawa National Park. This study found that the policy changes brought about in KNP’s reworked management plan are a step in the right direction, but that important goals related to park co-management were never fully realized in practice. The results also show that significant socioeconomic changes are occurring within the park, with many fishermen turning to alternative livelihoods in order to offset declining fish catches. Lastly, this study uncovered that significant positive shifts in environmental subjectivities have occurred since the re-zoning of the park, but that these have not fully translated into compliance towards the rules and regulations of the MPA.