Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gettier cases

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Gettier cases'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Gettier cases"

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Stone, Jim. "‘Unlucky’ Gettier Cases." Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 94, no. 3 (2013): 421–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/papq.12006.

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Kardash, A. M. "What is mentioned in the famous article by Edmund Gettier." Siberian Journal of Philosophy 21, no. 1 (2023): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2023-21-1-127-139.

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The paper analyzes the problem of interpretations of the Gettier problem. The author draws a distinction between counterexamples presented in Edmund Gettier’s article and Gettier-style cases, between the Gettier problem and general epistemological problem supposedly occurring in all or many Gettier-style cases. It is argued that in Gettier’s article there is a gap associated with an insufficiently defined concept of justification, which does not allow talking about Gettier problem without any explicit or implicit interpretation of his views on justification. Along with this, it is indicated that the same concept of justification has strict features (deductive closure principle, non-factive justification and internalism), which do not allow arbitrary interpretations of the Gettier problem, and therefore we can say that some interpretations are closer to the text of a well-known article.
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Atkins, Philip. "Are Gettier Cases Misleading?" Logos & Episteme 7, no. 3 (2016): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme20167335.

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Duff, John C. "Gettier Unscathed for Now." Logos & Episteme 13, no. 3 (2022): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme202213325.

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Moti Mizrahi (2016) argues that Gettier cases are unsuccessful counterexamples to the traditional analysis of knowledge (TAK) because such cases inadequately reveal epistemic failures of justified true belief (JTB); and because Gettier cases merely demonstrate semantic inadequacy, the apparent epistemic force of Gettier cases is misleading. Although Mizrahi claims to have deflated the epistemic force of Gettier cases, I will argue that the presence of semantic deficiency in Gettier cases neither requires nor indicates the denial of the epistemic force of those cases. I will provide an extracted version of Mizrahi’s argument, which I believe to be most charitable to his motivation. Then I will offer a counterexample to a pivotal premise in Mizrahi’s argument, ultimately rendering the argument unsound. Finally, upon the examination of a plausible objection, I conclude that Gettier cases are epistemically sustained.
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Mizrahi, Moti. "Why Gettier Cases Are Misleading." Logos & Episteme 7, no. 1 (2016): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme2016712.

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Williamson, Timothy. "Gettier Cases in Epistemic Logic." Inquiry 56, no. 1 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0020174x.2013.775010.

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Nagel, Jennifer. "Motivating Williamson's Model Gettier Cases." Inquiry 56, no. 1 (2013): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0020174x.2013.775014.

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Levin, Michael. "Gettier Cases without False Lemmas?" Erkenntnis 64, no. 3 (2006): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-005-5470-2.

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Besson, Corine. "LOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND GETTIER CASES." Philosophical Quarterly 59, no. 234 (2009): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9213.2008.565.x.

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Khalaj, M. Hosein M. A. "Gettier Cases, Mimicking, and Virtue Reliabilism." Logos & Episteme 13, no. 3 (2022): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme202213323.

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It has been argued that virtue reliabilism faces difficulties in explaining why the “because-of” relation between true belief and the relevant competence is absent in Gettier cases. However, prominent proponents of this view such as Sosa and Turri suggest that these difficulties can be overcome by invoking the manifestation relation. In his Judgment and Agency, Sosa supports this claim based on an analogy between Gettier cases and what in the literature on dispositions is called mimic cases. While there are initial motivations for the alleged analogy, I claim there are at least two arguments against it: 1. there is an asymmetry in the nature of context-sensitivity between the problem of mimicking and the Gettier problem; 2. while causal deviance and double luck can be found in both the mimic case and the Gettier case, their causal processes are different in important respects, making it challenging to see them as both falling under the same category. If these arguments are on the right track, the upshot is that virtue reliablists such as Sosa and Turri who describe the “because-of” relation in terms of the manifestation relation still owe us an account of why the manifestation relation is absent in Gettier cases.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gettier cases"

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Ryan, Shane Gavin. "Nature and value of knowledge : epistemic environmentalism." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9736.

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My thesis examines the nature and value of knowledge and normative implications of its value. With this in mind I examine Greco’s account of knowledge in detail and consider whether it convinces. I argue against the account on a number of fronts; in particular I argue against Greco’s treatment of the Barney and Jenny cases. In doing so I draw on the dialectic in the literature and go beyond it by showing how his treatment of those cases is such as to raise problems for his treatment of other cases. More specifically I argue that Greco’s treatment of the Barney case is such as to threaten his treatment of standard Gettier cases and his treatment of the Jenny case threatens his treatment of the Careless Math Student case. I also consider an alternative virtue epistemic approach offered by Pritchard which I reject. In attempting to overcome the challenges that the Barney and Jenny cases pose I articulate an alternative account according to which what I call “epistemic grace” is a requirement of knowledge. It is via this epistemic grace requirement that I also account for the value of knowledge. Recognition of the value of knowledge serves as the basis for the articulation of the notion of epistemic environmentalism. With epistemic environmentalism in view, trust is analysed and its significance to the gaining of knowledge, albeit knowledge of a certain kind, is considered. Finally, the normative implications of epistemic environmentalism are laid out in a framework to show how findings in epistemic value theory relate to approaches that can provide a basis for justifying intervention or non-intervention in the assisting of the attaining or holding of epistemic goods of value.
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Stock, Ingmar. "Getting engaged with Incubators : The Case of Startplatz." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-298156.

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In modern, fast moving business environments it is crucial for established corporations to find new sources of innovativeness in order to secure their competitiveness and long-term survival. Startups could be such a new source of innovativeness. Unfortunately, it is difficult for startups and corporations to cooperate. Mostly, this is because of the companies’ organization and the different way they operate. To overcome this gap, corporations started to get engaged with business incubators. Even though this phenomenon can be observed in practice already, little research has been done to better understand the forms this collaboration could have or the motives leading to such a cooperation. By studying an incubator that is engaged with established companies in many different ways, various forms of relationships could be identified. Moreover, based on the descriptions of those types of collaboration and in depth interviews, the motives leading corporations and incubators to get involved in various ways could be identified. The empirical contribution of this thesis is to better understand how established corporations can get engaged with entrepreneurial activity and startups in particular.
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Doherty, Paula. "Resolving 'edge of care' proceedings cases: getting by and tipping points." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646024.

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Dunn, Elizabeth Margaret. "Women's issues and politics : getting the childcare issue onto a municipal political agenda." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30544.

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This thesis examines women's issues and the political agenda. Several factors affect the likelihood of a women's issue getting onto the formal political agenda of government (municipal, provincial, and federal). The nature of the issue (the degree to which it challenges the status quo) affects the political outcome: those issues which have fit into current and historical legislative patterns (such as welfare state guidelines) have been more successful. A patriarchal family ideology places limitations on the proper role of women: women have held primary responsibility for the care of children and family. Women's labour force participation creates parameters for government involvement in issues such as childcare. The lobbying and organizational skills of the political actors involved are prerequisites for gaining access to government decision-makers. While the entry of women into the political arena has not insured the entry of women's issues onto the political agenda, female politicians have been especially important in bringing women's issues forward for debate and action. However, government bureaucracy has often been a barrier in the implementation of legislation concerning women's issues. I present a case study of a particular women's issue (childcare) at the municipal level of government. Five locations are examined in the Greater Vancouver area, using a combination of qualitative methods (personal interviews) and quantitative research techniques (government statistics, official documents, and reports from a variety of community organizations). In spite of the steadily increasing labour force participation of women in all locations, the response of local governments to the childcare issue has varied greatly — childcare is on Vancouver's political agenda but not that of the four district municipalities examined. Vancouver's involvement has been more comprehensive and longterm (more childcare spaces, an involved Social Planning Department, two task forces, a Children's Advocate, and buildings and sites for childcare purposes). The response of municipal councils continues to reflect patriarchal notions of the family (where childcare is a private, family responsibility). Alternatively, Vancouver council has recognized a permanent restructuring of the family and the ongoing involvement of the larger community in childcare. At the same time, the lobbying approach of Vancouver childcare advocates has followed long established patterns concerning childcare and governments -- the argument has been based on child welfare, not the rights or welfare of women.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Sociology, Department of<br>Graduate
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Knowlton, Anne. "Getting it right a multiple case study of exemplary ARI schools /." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008d/knowlton.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008.<br>Additional advisors: Nataliya Ivankova, Foster Watkins, Martha Barber, Margaret Rice. Description based on contents viewed May 29, 2008; title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 224-235).
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Shepherd, Thomas J. N. (Thomas John Nicholas) Carleton University Dissertation Social Work. "Getting to the heart: the role of frontline workers in supported living." Ottawa, 2000.

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Conway, Christopher M. Weir Sara J. "Getting to 'win' 'win' : the case of the redevelopment of Bellingham, Washington's downtown waterfront /." Online version, 2010. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=365&CISOBOX=1&REC=8.

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Hadiana, Ilham. "Getting Good Outcomes from Sub-National Governments: A Case Study on Indonesian Fiscal Decentralisation." Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/83889.

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This thesis assesses Indonesia’s fiscal decentralisation policy from 2001 to 2018 and in particular its attempts at ensuring local government performance. These employed both methods suggested in the ‘second generation’ theory of fiscal federalism: constraints and incentives. The asymmetric approach to fiscal decentralisation policy is suggested as an alternative in accommodating diverse situations among local governments.
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Enríquez, Vásquez Marcela. "The illusion of getting a job women's work on flower plantations (a case from Ecuador) /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0009405.

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Hart, Elisa. "Getting started in oral traditions research, a case study in applied anthropology in the Northwest Territories." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32924.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Gettier cases"

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Merry, Sally Engle. Getting justice and getting even: Legal consciousness among working-class Americans. University of Chicago Press, 1990.

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Hinkle, Marianne C. Expert testimony in criminal cases: Getting the evidence in. Massachusetts Continuing Legal Education, 1997.

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Wassermann, Selma. Getting down to cases: Learning to teach with case studies. Teachers College Press, 1993.

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Simon, Sidney B. Getting unstuck. Warner Books, 1989.

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Shah, R. J. Housing: Getting into a trap. Consumer Education & Research Centre, 1992.

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Fleming, Andrew T. Getting ahead without losing heart. F.C. Beil, 1999.

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Silvay, Peluso Lucy, ed. Women & drugs: Getting hooked, getting clean. CompCare Publishers, 1988.

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Baumann, Edward. Getting away with murder: 57 unsolved murders with reward information. Bonus Books, 1991.

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Kay, Francis. Getting to know you: The intimate connection. BookPartners, 1996.

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Myles, Glenda. Getting reputation right: A risky business. Conference Board of Canada, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gettier cases"

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Greco, John. "Contextualism and Gettier Cases." In The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Contextualism. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315745275-16.

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Turri, John. "Knowledge Judgments in “Gettier” Cases." In A Companion to Experimental Philosophy. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118661666.ch23.

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Weatherson, Brian. "7. Changes." In Knowledge. Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0425.07.

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In this chapter I respond to the frequently voiced objection that interest-relative theories lead to implausible verdicts about pairs of situations where knowledge is lost or gained due to what looks like an irrelevant feature of a situation. I have two responses to these objections. First, I argue that the intuitions are about what makes it the case that a person does or doesn’t know something, and the arguments from these examples moves too quickly from a claim about modal variation to a claim about making. The second response is, I think, more compelling, and draws on unpublished work by Nilanjan Das. Objections like the ones I’m discussing here over-generate. Every theory of how to avoid Gettier-style cases leads to pairs of cases where a person gains or loses knowledge depending on factors that seem ‘irrelevant’. So it’s not an objection to my view that it has the same consequences as every plausible theory of knowledge.
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Durch, William J. "Getting Down to Cases." In Constructing Regional Security. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-08052-3_4.

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Vega, Gina. "Getting Started." In The Case Writing, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003204879-2.

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Young, Linda S., Philip R. Davies, and Stanley P. Cauvain. "Cakes — Getting the Right Balance." In Applications and Innovations in Expert Systems VI. Springer London, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0575-6_4.

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Ely, Robin J., and David A. Thomas. "Getting Serious about Diversity." In Readings and Cases in International Human Resource Management, 7th ed. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003247272-9.

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Vega, Gina. "Getting Your Case Published and Reviewing Cases for Others." In The Case Writing, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003204879-10.

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Frankfurter, David. "Getting Pregnant with PCOS." In A Case-Based Guide to Clinical Endocrinology. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2059-4_38.

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Jackson, Marilyn. "Getting out of the book and into the world." In Cases and Stories of Transformative Action Research. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003156758-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Gettier cases"

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Gamon, Guillaume, Ravi Gupta, and Kurt Wood. "Formulating Very Low VOC Fluoropolymer Latex Systems." In Paint and Coatings Expo (PACE) 2010. SSPC, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2010-00055.

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Abstract Pigment and additive choices are crucial in getting good results when adapting fluoropolymer formulations for specific application requirements. This presentation will explore some specific case studies showing how paint formulation principles were applied to achieve superior coating performance for targeted substrates and application conditions.
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Hall, C. "The rail track rolling stock acceptance process." In IEE Seminar Safety Cases: Getting there Together. IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19990633.

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Corrie, J. D. "The consultant's view." In IEE Seminar Safety Cases: Getting there Together. IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19990634.

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Paverd, M. "The signalling supplier's view." In IEE Seminar Safety Cases: Getting there Together. IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19990635.

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Ford, R. "A short history of traction safety cases." In IEE Seminar Safety Cases: Getting there Together. IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19990636.

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Harrison, A. "Independent safety assessment - is it adding value?" In IEE Seminar Safety Cases: Getting there Together. IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19990637.

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"Audit and assessment." In IEE Seminar Safety Cases: Getting there Together. IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19990638.

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"Independent Safety Assessment - the key areas?" In IEE Seminar Safety Cases: Getting there Together. IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19990639.

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"Perspectives of an auditors victim." In IEE Seminar Safety Cases: Getting there Together. IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19990640.

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Hoather, S. "The rolling stock owners' view." In IEE Seminar Safety Cases: Getting there Together. IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19990641.

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Reports on the topic "Gettier cases"

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Metzger, Pamela R., Claire Buetow, Kristin Meeks, Blane Skiles, and Jiacheng Yu. Greening Criminal Legal Deserts in Rural Texas. SMU Dedman School of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25172/dc.10.

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Texas’ rural communities urgently need more prosecutors and public defense providers. On average, Texas’ most urban areas have 28 lawyers for every 100 criminal cases, but rural areas only have five. Many rural prosecutor’s offices cannot recruit and retain enough staff. The Constitution’s promise of equal justice for all remains unfulfilled. Rural Texans charged with misdemeanors are four times less likely to have a lawyer than urban defendants. In 2021, only 403 rural Texas lawyers accepted an appointment to represent an adult criminal defendant. In 65 rural counties, no lawyer accepted an appointment. And the problem is getting worse. Since 2015, Texas has lost one-quarter of its rural defense lawyers. Many of them retired and have not been replaced.
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Ruprah, Inder J., and Luis Marcano. Does Technical Assistance Matter?: An Impact Evaluation Approach to Estimate its Value Added. Inter-American Development Bank, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011138.

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Many public programs and operations by multilateral organisations include technical assistance to the direct beneficiaries of the program in addition to pure financing. However, there is no substantial body of studies that calculates the additional impact; in the sense of exclusively attributable to, of technical assistance on the outcome of interest of the program. In this working paper, the authors propose the use of multi-treatment impact evaluation method -propensity score combined with exact matching for dosage and double difference- for estimating technical assistance's impact. The two cases examined in this study correspond to the Neighbourhood Improvement Program (NIP) of Chile and the Social Investment Fund of Guatemala (SIF). Given the small dollar value of technical assistance relative to the dollar value of transfers not only does technical assistance matter but it is a way of getting more for less.
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Ross, Andrew, David Johnson, Hai Le, Danny Griffin, Carl Mudd, and David Dawson. USACE Advanced Modeling Object Standard : Release 1.0. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42152.

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The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Advanced Modeling Object Standard (AMOS) has been developed by the CAD/BIM Technology Center for Facilities, Infrastructure, and Environment to establish standards for support of the Advanced Modeling process within the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Federal Government. The critical component of Advanced Modeling is the objects themselves- and either make the modeling process more difficult or more successful. This manual is part of an initiative to develop a nonproprietary Advanced Modeling standard that incorporates both vertical construction and horizontal construction objects that will address the entire life cycle of facilities within the DoD. The material addressed in this USACE Advanced Modeling Object Standard includes a classification organization that is needed to identify models for specific use cases. Compliance with this standard will allow users to know whether the object model they are getting is graphically well developed but data poor or if it does have the data needed for creating contract documents. This capability will greatly reduce the designers’ efforts to either build an object or search/find/edit an object necessary for the development of their project. Considering that an advanced model may contain hundreds of objects this would represent a huge time savings and improve the modeling process.
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Carrion-Tavarez, Angel. Doing Business North America 2022 Report. Center for the Study of Economic Liberty at Arizona State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53095/13583003.

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Doing Business North America 2022 Report is a study that provides objective measures of business regulations in the United States of America. This years’ edition covers 83 cities in all 50 states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico. The largest city from each state is included and, in the case of especially large U.S. states, up to five cities have been included. There are six categories in which the cities were scored and ranked: “Starting a Business,” “Employing Workers,” “Getting Electricity,” “Paying Taxes,” “Land and Space Use,” and “Resolving Insolvency.” Comprised of over 7,700 datapoints, it uses 93 variables to create 30 data indicators to score and rank cities about how easy it is to set up, operate, and shut down a business. The Ease of Doing Business Score is derived from a summation of the scores awarded in each of the six categories measured. The score and ranks included are an overall measure of the ease of doing business for small-and-medium-sized businesses in each city.
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Chivers, Melanie, and Howie Jess. EXPLORING RESEARCHERS' VIEWS ON METRICS AND RESEARCH IMPACT INTERNAL REPORT. The University of Waikato Library, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15663/uow.ort01.

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Research excellence is a goal that universities and researchers alike strive for, but how do we identify and measure research excellence? Do quantitative metrics demonstrate the impact that researchers are aiming for? This report details the results of an exploratory case study investigating how researchers responded to a range of quantitative metrics. As a part of their approach, the project team interviewed thirteen academic staff at the University of Waikato across a range of disciplines. A thematic analysis of the interviews was carried out, bringing to light eight dominant themes from the participants’ discussions: • No one-size fits all - impact and excellence varies greatly across disciplines and matter more to some disciplines than others • Lack of understanding of metrics and reliance on h-index • Metrics are subjective and can be gamed • A general nervousness around metrics or disdain, especially for Altmetrics • Cultural considerations and the importance of the collective • Disconnect between what they value and what they think their peers value • Publishing decisions are driven by a diverse range of factors • Varying levels of importance in getting research out into the public including OA This paper argues that metrics can be used as a tool for researchers, but should be understood in the context of non-quantitative measures. Metrics alone cannot determine how impactful a researcher’s contribution may be. It is important for researchers to be recognised as individuals in order for them to tell the story of their work. This will require upskilling both for researchers and those who evalu-ate research.
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Bolstad, Rachel. Opportunities for education in a changing climate: Themes from key informant interviews. New Zealand Council for Educational Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18296/rep.0006.

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How can education in Aotearoa New Zealand respond to climate change? This report, part of our wider education and climate change project, outlines findings from 17 in-depth interviews with individuals with a range of viewpoints about climate change and the role of education. Five priority perspectives are covered: youth (aged 16–25); educators; Māori; Pacific New Zealanders; and people with an academic, education system, or policy perspective. Key findings are: Education offers an important opportunity for diverse children and young people to engage in positive, solutions-focused climate learning and action. Interviewees shared local examples of effective climate change educational practice, but said it was often down to individual teachers, students, and schools choosing to make it a focus. Most interviewees said that climate change needs to be a more visible priority across the education system. The perspectives and examples shared suggest there is scope for growth and development in the way that schools and the wider education system in Aotearoa New Zealand respond to climate change. Interviewees’ experiences suggest that localised innovation and change is possible, particularly when young people and communities are informed about the causes and consequences of climate change, and are engaged with what they can do to make a difference. However, effective responses to climate change are affected by wider systems, societal and political structures, norms, and mindsets. Interviewee recommendations for schools, kura, and other learning settings include: Supporting diverse children and young people to develop their ideas and visions for a sustainable future, and to identify actions they can take to realise that future. Involving children and young people in collective and local approaches, and community-wide responses to climate change. Scaffolding learners to ensure that they were building key knowledge, as well as developing ethical thinking, systems thinking, and critical thinking. Focusing on new career opportunities and pathways in an economic transition to a low-carbon, changed climate future. Getting children and young people engaged and excited about what they can do, rather than disengaged, depressed, or feeling like they have no control of their future.
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Bernad, Ludovic, Yves Nsengiyumva, Benjamin Byinshi, Naphtal Hakizimana, and Fabrizio Santoro. Digital Merchant Payments as a Medium of Tax Compliance. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.011.

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Consumers in Africa increasingly pay for their purchases through mobile money, especially since the pandemic. These transactions are known as digital merchant payments. Rwandan consumers can choose between using standard mobile money services or a specific service only for digital merchant payments – MoMo Pay. Digital payments of any kind have the potential to improve tax compliance, because they imply digital data trails and better record keeping. How far is this potential being realised in Rwanda? In collaboration with the Rwanda Revenue Authority, we collected survey data from 1,100 merchants country-wide and were able to correlate this with tax administrative data, i.e. the tax records of the interviewees held by the revenue authority. We also conducted focus group discussions with 15 merchants. We found that the great majority of payments are still made in cash. Larger, more knowledgeable and financially included merchants opt for MoMo Pay as opposed to standard mobile money, the latter being preferred by female and less educated and equipped merchants. At the start of the pandemic, in March 2020, for a period of 18 months, all fees on MoMo Pay transactions were waived to foster digital payments through the service. In September 2021, fees were then reintroduced. The waiver led to a significant rise in the use of MoMo Pay relative to cash. When the MoMo Pay fee was reintroduced, there was a significant shift back to cash from both MoMo Pay and standard mobile money services, even if the latter were not affected by the fee. Lastly, we measure whether the adoption of digital payments correlates with merchants’ tax perceptions and compliance behaviour. First, we show that merchants using MoMo Pay tend to disagree with the obligation of paying taxes in order to receive public services, a measure of fiscal reciprocity. Such negative correlation is probably due to the fee imposed on MoMo Pay. Furthermore, standard mobile money usage improves the perceived ease of complying with taxes, while that is not the case for MoMo Pay. Again, the fact that fees on MoMo Pay are not clearly identifiable in MoMo Pay statements complicates merchants’ reporting and reconciliation of their activity for tax purposes. When it comes to compliance behaviour with VAT, the adoption of digital payments by merchants only improves their reported VAT sales and inputs, and only in the short term, while final VAT liability does not change. This hints at perverse compensating strategies to avoid taxes. We recommend that the tax administration better understand the adoption patterns of digital payments and incentivise usage among less equipped categories of taxpayers. The tax administration would also benefit from getting access to mobile money data to better monitor and enforce merchants’ compliance.
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8

Darmody, Merike. Care to college: An exploratory study on care-experienced students’ educational journeys. ESRI, 2025. https://doi.org/10.26504/jr13.

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New research by the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) and Empowering People in Care (EPIC) highlights the importance of the combined effects of school experiences and care experiences on the post-school lives of young people leaving care. At the end of February 2025, there were 5,801 children (0–17 years) in care in Ireland. Although being in the care of the state is common among these children and young people, they are not a homogenous group, and their personal experiences and circumstances vary. This exploratory study draws on focus group interviews with a small group of care-experienced young people – those who had enrolled in third level education and those whose third level education was interrupted - as well as a consultation event with key stakeholders. Key Findings For young people in care, attitude to school is often influenced by changes in care placements and school changes, learning difficulties, insufficient support with schoolwork, not feeling as smart as other students, and mental health issues. Multiple care placements and school changes are likely to make their school engagement more challenging. Care placement changes may result in students missing school and finding it hard to catch up afterwards. Making friends was harder for young people who had experienced several school changes. Social workers were a source of consistent support for some care-experienced young people. However, in other cases, such support was found to be wanting, especially when there had been a change in a social worker or when the interaction between the young person and the social worker was limited. Although some of the young people appreciated the support from their aftercare workers (main support workers put in place to meet the needs of a young person who is leaving care services at age 18 years) as they prepared to leave care, several of them were critical of the level of support they received. Preparation for the ‘double transition’ of leaving care and leaving school was a challenging time for many of the care-experienced young people interviewed as they often lack the traditional supportive family structure. Several young people in this study had been undecided about what to do after finishing school. Despite having access to a guidance counsellor, for many, guidance about their post-school options was seen as insufficient or their chosen option was not supported by guidance counsellors and social workers. Young care-experienced people who had a more stable care placement, with fewer school changes and high expectations from their foster parents and social workers, perceived entry into third-level education after finishing school as something that ‘you do’. Eligibility for an aftercare allowance for young people leaving care at 18 years of age is dependent on being on an accredited education course, third level course or training programme. Some young care-experienced people who did not wish to pursue third-level education or did not want to do it straight after finishing school felt pressurised to do so to receive the allowance. Similar to other young people, care-leavers faced multiple challenges related to enrolling in third-level education, including getting used to the new educational setting, finding accommodation, and managing their finances. The situation is likely to be more acute for care-experienced young people who lack the support of their families.
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9

Fighting COVID-19 in Ontario: The Way Forward. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.23.1.0.

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One year into the COVID-19 pandemic, Ontario is now facing the most challenging health crisis of our time. Our case counts are at an all-time high. Our hospitals are buckling. Younger people are getting sicker. The disease is ripping through whole families. The variants of concern that now dominate COVID-19 in Ontario are, in many ways, a new pandemic. And Ontario needs stronger measures to control the pandemic. If we want to bring cases under control, protect our health system and reopen as quickly as possible, this is the way forward.
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