Academic literature on the topic 'Ggaba'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ggaba"
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Staley, K. J., and I. Mody. "Shunting of excitatory input to dentate gyrus granule cells by a depolarizing GABAA receptor-mediated postsynaptic conductance." Journal of Neurophysiology 68, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.68.1.197.
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1. Stimulation of the perforant path in the outer molecular layer of the adult rat dentate gyrus produced a depolarizing post-synaptic potential (DPSP) in granule cells when recorded using whole-cell techniques in the standard hippocampal slice preparation at 34 degrees C. The postsynaptic currents (PSCs) contributing to the DPSP were analyzed using specific receptor antagonists in current- and voltage-clamp recordings. 2. The DPSP reversal potential was dependent on the intracellular chloride concentration, and the amplitude of the DPSP was increased 55% after perfusion of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide (BMI). The GABAA receptor-mediated PSC reversed at -66 mV, which was 19 mV positive to the resting membrane potential (-85 mV) but hyperpolarized relative to action potential threshold. At -35 mV, the GABAA PSC had a latency to peak of 12.9 ms after the stimulus and decayed monoexponentially with an average time constant of 23.4 ms. 3. The component of the PSC blocked by the Quis/AMPA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) had a latency to peak of 7.1 ms and decayed monoexponentially with a time constant of 9.9 ms at -35 mV. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated PSC, which was blocked by D-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D-AP5), had a waveform that was similar to the GABAA PSC: the latency to peak was 16 ms and the decay was monoexponential with a time constant of 24.5 ms at -35 mV. 4. The ratio of the peak PSCs mediated by GABAA, Quis/AMPA, and NMDA receptors measured at -35 mV with cesium gluconate electrode solutions was 1:0.2:0.1. This ratio was essentially constant over the range of stimulus intensities that produced compound PSC amplitudes of 80-400 pA. 5. Measured at its reversal potential, the GABAA receptor-mediated postsynaptic conductance (GGABA-A) decreased the peak DPSP amplitude by 35%, shunted 50% of the charge transferred to the soma by the excitatory PSC, and completely inhibited the NMDA receptor-mediated component of the DPSP. 6. Simultaneous stimulation of presynaptic fibers from both the perforant path and interneurons results in a large depolarizing GGABA-A that inhibits the granule cell by shunting the excitatory PSCs. As predicted by models of shunting, the similar kinetics of the GABAA and NMDA PSCs leads to particularly effective inhibition of the NMDA PSC. The more rapid Quis/AMPA PSC is less affected by the GGABA-A, so that granule cell excitation under these conditions is primarily due to Quis/AMPA receptor activation.
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Freymond, Pierre-Philippe, Vladimir Lazarevic, Blazenka Soldo, and Dimitri Karamata. "Poly(glucosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate), a wall teichoic acid of Bacillus subtilis 168: its biosynthetic pathway and mode of attachment to peptidoglycan." Microbiology 152, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1709–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28814-0.
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The ggaAB operon of Bacillus subtilis 168 encodes enzymes responsible for the synthesis of poly(glucosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) [poly(GlcGalNAc 1-P)], a wall teichoic acid (WTA). Analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed that both GgaA and GgaB contained the motif characteristic of sugar transferases, while GgaB was most likely to be bifunctional, being endowed with an additional motif present in glucosyl/glycerophosphate transferases. Transcription of the operon was thermosensitive, and took place from an unusually distant σ A-controlled promoter. The incorporation of the poly(GlcGalNAc 1-P) precursors by various mutants deficient in the synthesis of poly(glycerol phosphate), which is the most abundant WTA of strain 168, revealed that both WTAs were most likely to be attached to peptidoglycan (PG) through the same linkage unit (LU). The incorporation of poly(GlcGalNAc 1-P) precursors by protoplasts confirmed the existence of this LU, and provided further evidence that incorporation takes place at the outer surface of the protoplast membrane. The data presented here strengthen the view that biosynthesis of the LU, and the hooking of the LU-endowed polymer to PG, offer distinct widespread targets for antibiotics specific to Gram-positive bacteria.
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Niwagaba, Charles B., Ajak Ezekiel Ayii, Ambrose O. Kibuuka, and Raffaella Pomi. "POSSIBILITIES FOR THE USE OF SLUDGE FROM A DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PLANT AT GGABA III IN KAMPALA, UGANDA." Detritus Volume 06 - June 2019 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2019.13824.
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Huguenard, J. R., and B. E. Alger. "Whole-cell voltage-clamp study of the fading of GABA-activated currents in acutely dissociated hippocampal neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 56, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1986.56.1.1.
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The lability of the responses of mammalian central neurons to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was studied using neurons acutely dissociated from the CA1 region of the adult guinea pig hippocampus as a model system. GABA was applied to the neuronal somata by pressure ejection and the resulting current (IGABA) recorded under whole-cell voltage clamp. In initial experiments we examined several basic properties of cells in this preparation. Our data confirm that passive and active membrane properties are similar to those which characterize cells in other preparations. In addition, GABA-dependent conductance (gGABA), reversal potential (EGABA), and the interaction of GABA with pentobarbital and bicuculline all appeared to be normal. Dendritic GABA application could cause depolarizing GABA responses, and somatic GABA application caused hyperpolarizations due to chloride (Cl-) movements. Repetitive brief applications (5-15 ms) of GABA (10(-5) to 10(-3) M) at a frequency of 0.5 Hz led to fading of successive peaks of IGABA until, at a given holding potential, a steady state was reached in which IGABA no longer changed. Imposing voltage steps lasting seconds during a train of steady-state GABA responses led initially to increased IGABA that then diminished with maintenance of the step voltage. The rate of decrease of IGABA at each new holding potential was independent of the polarity of the step in holding potential but was highly dependent on the rate of GABA application. Application rates as low as 0.05 Hz led to fading of IGABA, even with activation of relatively small conductances (5-15 nS). Since IGABA evoked by somatic GABA application in these cells is carried by Cl-, the Cl- equilibrium potential (ECl) is equal to the reversal potential for IGABA, i.e., to EGABA. The fading of IGABA with changes in holding potential can be almost entirely accounted for by a shift in ECl resulting from transmembrane flux of Cl- through the GABA-activated conductance. Maneuvers that prevent changes in the intracellular concentration of Cl-ions, [Cl-]i, including holding the membrane potential at EGABA during repetitive GABA application or buffering [Cl-]i with high pipette [Cl-], prevent changes in EGABA. Desensitization of the GABA response (an actual decrease in gGABA) occurs in these neurons during prolonged application of GABA (greater than 1 s) but with a slower time course than changes in EGABA. Whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques applied to tissue-cultured spinal cord neurons indicated that rapid shifts in EGABA result from repetitive GABA application in these cells as well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Bamidele Afolabi, Ismail, Abdul Mujeeb Babatunde Aremu, Ada Abaku, Shamsuddeen Suleiman Yahaya, Abdullahi Lawal Aliyu, Bashir Mansir Ango, Abdullahi Yusuf, and Nnodimele Onuigbo Atulomah. "LOW LEVEL OF FOOD HANDLING PRACTICES AMONG FOOD-HANDLERS IN SELECTED RESTAURANTS IN GGABA KAMPALA, MAKINDYE DIVISION UGANDA: AN IMPLICATION FOR SAFTETY TRAINING AND REGULATION." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 08 (August 31, 2021): 929–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13346.
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Background: Food borne diseases remain a major global public health issue with increased morbidity and mortality associated with consuming contaminated food material mostly predicted by the food handlers level of hygiene during the course of food preparations.This study assessed the level of food-handling behaviors among food-handlers in selected Restaurants in Ggaba, Kampala and determined whether demographic characteristics predict the risk of food-borne diseases. Methodology: The study was a food vendor-based cross-sectional study employing a researcher administered questionnaire to capturepertinent data on the food handling practices among 286 randomly selected participants measured on a 4-point likert scale responses. The variable items were computed together using SPSS version 25 to assess the score levelreported using simple descriptive statistics and further binary categorization was done for all the variables to explore the demographic predictors of poor food-handling behaviors using logistic regression. Analysis of variance was used to test differences in the level of food-handling practices across demographic characteristics at a cut-off of (p≤0.05) level of significance. Results: It was found out that the level of safe food handling practices measured on 18-point reference scale reported a mean score of 6.62 (CI= 6.33±6.90)and SD of ±2.45, denoting 37% of the complete safe food-handling practices expected from the respondents. Categorically, the findings showed that less than half of the respondents (43.4%) displayed good safe food-handling behavior. Older respondents (≥ 61 years) and food-handlers with primary educational attainment among others insignificantly demonstrated the poorest scores for safe food-handling behaviors. It was further observed that male respondents displayed the lowest score for safe food-handling practices (F=4.039, p=0.045). Similarly, at bivariate level, male respondents are 1.8 times more likely to display poor food-handling practice compared to females (AOR=1.8, 95% CI=1.07±3.08) whereas at multivariate level, no significant demographic predictor was found out.The findings further showed that less than half of the respondents (41%)self-reported to initiate hand washing most of the timebefore handling food, while only 1 in every 3 respondentssometimes employ hand gloves during food-handling procedure, more than two-third of the respondents (71.7%) do not always put on a face mask while handling food. By gender, 71% of them were Females of 40 years of age or below and 4 out every 5 participants (89.5%) had primary educational attainment or below. Conclusions: The study indicated a poor and unsatisfactory low level of Food-Handling Practices among Food-Handlers in the region mainly predicted by the gender of the respondents, and raised the need for personalized health education and training on safe handling of food as well as improved sanitation and personal hygienein order to avert potential health threats to consumers.
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McCarren, M., and B. E. Alger. "Use-dependent depression of IPSPs in rat hippocampal pyramidal cells in vitro." Journal of Neurophysiology 53, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.53.2.557.
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We have used intracellular recording techniques to study the use-dependence of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in rat CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells. We determined reversal potentials and conductance changes associated with IPSPs and responses to directly applied gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The IPSP depression could be seen after a single conditioning stimulus. This depression appeared to be due primarily to a 50% decrease in IPSP conductance (gIPSP). Trains of stimulating pulses (50 pulses at 5 or 10 Hz) produced more pronounced effects than a single conditioning pulse. Suprathreshold repetitive stimulation of stratum radiatum (SR) produced epileptiform burst firing and greater depression of IPSPs than did alvear (ALV) or subthreshold SR stimulation. During suprathreshold SR stimulation the IPSP was nearly abolished and the membrane potential could become less negative than the resting potential. A masking effect of facilitated depolarizing potentials on IPSPs was unlikely since IPSPs accompanied by little or no depolarizing potential were also depressed by SR trains. The 75% reduction in IPSP conductance found after repetitive stimulation confirmed that an overlapping conductance was not responsible for the depression of the IPSP. The GABA-induced conductance increase was not depressed by identical trains. Trains of stimulation induced depolarizing shifts in equilibrium potentials for the IPSP (EIPSP) and GABA (EGABA) of approximately 10 mV. These shifts were always greater after SR trains than after ALV trains. Simultaneous recordings of membrane potential and extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o) with K+-sensitive microelectrodes revealed a direct correlation between the two during a stimulus train. Membrane potential depolarized as much as 18 mV from the peak of the IPSP and [K+]o could increase to a maximum of 10 mM during some trains. A depressant effect (of approximately 50%) of K+ on IPSPs was demonstrated by brief pressure ejection of K+ near the soma. We conclude that repetitive stimulation depresses gIPSP and shifts EIPSP in the depolarizing direction. Whereas gIPSP began to decline after a single conditioning pulse, the additional depression of IPSPs produced by stimulus trains was due in large part to shifts in EIPSP. Depression of gIPSP was not due to desensitization or block of ionic conductances, since gGABA was not reduced. The EIPSP may change as a result of increases in [K+]o.
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Thompson, S. M., and B. H. Gahwiler. "Activity-dependent disinhibition. III. Desensitization and GABAB receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition in the hippocampus in vitro." Journal of Neurophysiology 61, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 524–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1989.61.3.524.
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1. Single-electrode voltage-clamp recordings were made from CA3 pyramidal cells in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures for measurement of membrane currents underlying both the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated, Cl- -dependent inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSC), evoked in response to stimulation of the mossy fiber pathway, and responses to iontophoretically applied GABA. Pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms mediating activity-dependent reductions in the conductance underlying the IPSC (gIPSC) were investigated. 2. During 99-s applications of GABA, the mean evoked conductance (gGABA) decreased 43% with an initial time constant of 51 s. Desensitization was never complete. 3. Ca2+-influx, activated with depolarizing voltage commands of 100-ms to 15-s duration in the presence of intracellular Cs+, had no effect on GABA responses. 4. Iontophoretic application of the GABAA-receptor agonist muscimol caused a rapid decrease of 80-100% in the amplitude of IPSCs evoked at depolarized membrane potentials (Vm). Recovery was 80% complete in 30 s. The second of two paired applications of muscimol, delivered at the same iontophoretic intensity, was reduced in amplitude 35%. This was shown to result from a decrease in driving force rather than from desensitization. We conclude that muscimol decreases IPSCs by causing an increase in the intracellular Cl- concentration. 5. Iontophoretic application of the GABAB-receptor agonist (+/-)-baclofen caused a decrease of only 30% in the amplitude of IPSCs evoked at depolarized Vms. This effect outlasted the post-synaptic effects of baclofen; recovery was 80% complete between 60 and 90 s. 6. Bath application of (-)-baclofen was found to decrease gIPSC without affecting the IPSC reversal potential. This effect was rapid in onset, could be observed at concentrations as low as 1 X 10(-7) M, and recovered quickly. The EC50 was roughly 5 X 10(-7) M and appeared similar to that for the baclofen-activated increase in postsynaptic conductance. No effect on responses to iontophoretically applied GABA was observed, demonstrating that baclofen decreases gIPSC by reducing presynaptic release via GABAB receptors. 7. Iontophoretic application of GABA reduced IPSCs in a dose-dependent manner. At low iontophoretic intensities, IPSCs were reduced only 30% and recovered slowly, as with baclofen iontophoresis. At higher iontophoretic intensities, IPSCs were more completely blocked. Recovery was initially fast, but took 60-90 s to be complete.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Johnson, Kirsten M., Nathan R. Mahler, Ranajeet S. Saund, Emily R. Theisen, Cenny Taslim, Nathan W. Callender, Jesse C. Crow, Kyle R. Miller, and Stephen L. Lessnick. "Role for the EWS domain of EWS/FLI in binding GGAA-microsatellites required for Ewing sarcoma anchorage independent growth." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 37 (August 28, 2017): 9870–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701872114.
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Ewing sarcoma usually expresses the EWS/FLI fusion transcription factor oncoprotein. EWS/FLI regulates myriad genes required for Ewing sarcoma development. EWS/FLI binds GGAA-microsatellite sequences in vivo and in vitro. These sequences provide EWS/FLI-mediated activation to reporter constructs, suggesting that they function as EWS/FLI-response elements. We now demonstrate the critical role of an EWS/FLI-bound GGAA-microsatellite in regulation of the NR0B1 gene as well as for Ewing sarcoma proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. Clinically, genomic GGAA-microsatellites are highly variable and polymorphic. Current data suggest that there is an optimal “sweet-spot” GGAA-microsatellite length (of 18–26 GGAA repeats) that confers maximal EWS/FLI-responsiveness to target genes, but the mechanistic basis for this remains unknown. Our biochemical studies, using recombinant Δ22 (a version of EWS/FLI containing only the FLI portion), demonstrate a stoichiometry of one Δ22-monomer binding to every two consecutive GGAA-repeats on shorter microsatellite sequences. Surprisingly, the affinity for Δ22 binding to GGAA-microsatellites significantly decreased, and ultimately became unmeasureable, when the size of the microsatellite was increased to the sweet-spot length. In contrast, a fully functional EWS/FLI mutant (Mut9, which retains approximately half of the EWS portion of the fusion) showed low affinity for smaller GGAA-microsatellites but instead significantly increased its affinity at sweet-spot microsatellite lengths. Single-gene ChIP and genome-wide ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA-seq studies extended these findings to the in vivo setting. Together, these data demonstrate the critical requirement of GGAA-microsatellites as EWS/FLI activating response elements in vivo and reveal an unexpected role for the EWS portion of the EWS/FLI fusion in binding to sweet-spot GGAA-microsatellites.
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Biltaji, Eman, Trang H. Au, Brandon Walker, Jennifer Ose, Cornelia M. Ulrich, David D. Stenehjem, and Diana I. Brixner. "Cost-effectiveness of genotype-guided aspirin use for colorectal cancer prevention." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e18318-e18318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e18318.
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e18318 Background: Colonoscopy is the “gold standard” for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. However, adherence rates are low and detection is not optimal. Concomitant aspirin chemoprevention is recommended by US Preventive Task Force, but bleeding complications can be limiting. Variant genotypes in aspirin metabolism can modify CRC and adenoma risk. Genotype guided aspirin (ggASA) use will identify a targeted average-risk population for maximal aspirin benefit while minimizing adverse events rates compared to the general population. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of primary chemoprevention in CRC using ggASA compared to no intervention, and colonoscopy ±general aspirin in healthy average-risk individuals. Methods: Our Markov decision analytical model consisted of 5 possible health states: no CRC/polyps, adenoma, pre-clinical CRC, CRC, and death. Model probabilities for CRC and its prevalence were estimated using SEER database and published literature. A microsimulation of 10,000 individuals aged 50-64 years was used to estimate cost-effectiveness from US payer perspective over lifetime. One way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses and model validation results will be reported in the final poster. Results: Our results suggest that compared to colonoscopy and no intervention, ggASA was associated with fewer CRC cases, and CRC-related deaths and MI cases. Compared to colonoscopy + general aspirin, ggASA was associated with fewer bleeding events, similar rates of CRC and CRC-related deaths, and fewer MI cases prevented. From a cost-effectiveness standpoint, ggASA use over a lifetime had the lowest costs and highest quality adjusted life years gained compared to other strategies, if testing costs were ignored. Once genetic testing costs exceeds $63, colonoscopy + general aspirin becomes the most cost effective strategy. Between genetic testing cost of $63-283, the costs of using ggASA per quality adjusted life year gained is below $100,000. Conclusions: Genotype-guided aspirin use precisely identifies an average-risk population, and lowers adverse events rates compared to general aspirin. The economic value of genotype-guided aspirin is dependent on the genetic testing costs.
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Shah, Habib, Nasser Tairan, Harish Garg, and Rozaida Ghazali. "Global Gbest Guided-Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Numerical Function Optimization." Computers 7, no. 4 (December 7, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers7040069.
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Numerous computational algorithms are used to obtain a high performance in solving mathematics, engineering and statistical complexities. Recently, an attractive bio-inspired method—namely the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC)—has shown outstanding performance with some typical computational algorithms in different complex problems. The modification, hybridization and improvement strategies made ABC more attractive to science and engineering researchers. The two well-known honeybees-based upgraded algorithms, Gbest Guided Artificial Bee Colony (GGABC) and Global Artificial Bee Colony Search (GABCS), use the foraging behavior of the global best and guided best honeybees for solving complex optimization tasks. Here, the hybrid of the above GGABC and GABC methods is called the 3G-ABC algorithm for strong discovery and exploitation processes. The proposed and typical methods were implemented on the basis of maximum fitness values instead of maximum cycle numbers, which has provided an extra strength to the proposed and existing methods. The experimental results were tested with sets of fifteen numerical benchmark functions. The obtained results from the proposed approach are compared with the several existing approaches such as ABC, GABC and GGABC, result and found to be very profitable. Finally, obtained results are verified with some statistical testing.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ggaba"
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Lundström, Linnéa, and Sara Nordlund. "Exploring Co-management : A Minor Field Study on Lake Victoria Beach Management Unit in Ggaba, Kampala, Uganda." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-128701.
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To manage common resources such as water bodies, forests and the air is complex since several stakeholders are involved and affected by the use of the resource. One way to manage common resources is through co-management. Co-management is a decentralized method that empowers the local level and enables collaboration between the government and the local community. Co-management within fishing communities can be realized through so called Beach Management Units (BMUs). Around Lake Victoria, there are 1087 BMUs. One of these BMUs is located in Ggaba, Kampala, Uganda and the purpose of this study is to highlight benefits and shortcomings connected to co-management within fisheries. The study aims to explore if and how sustainability aspects are tackled through the co-management of fisheries. The data was collected using qualitative semi-structured interviews where six BMU members contributed with their experiences. In addition, data was collected from a qualitative content analysis on two BMU guideline documents, representing the central level. The results showed that the Ggaba BMU provides a platform for creating control through collaboration. The local levels’ perception on co-management within fisheries seems to correspond with the central level’s aim of the management. Another indication is that the BMU has brought upon positive effects on economic, social and ecological aspects on the society of Ggaba. However, corruption and illegal fishing are two identified barriers which seems to limit the function of the Ggaba BMU and the level of co-management.Gemsamma resurser så som vattendrag, skogar och atmosfären är komplexa att hantera eftersom flera aktörer är involverade och påverkas av resursanvändningen. Ett sätt att hantera gemensamma resurser är genom samförvaltning. Samförvaltning är en decentraliserad förvaltningsmetod som möjliggör ett samarbete mellan den lokala och statliga nivån vid beslutsfattande. Omkring Victoriasjön realiseras samförvaltning genom så kallade Beach Management Units (BMUs). Dessa utgörs av 1087 stycken varav en BMU är lokaliserad i Ggaba, Kampala, Uganda. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa fördelar och brister kopplade till samförvaltning av fiske. Vidare syftar studien till att undersöka om och hur aspekter inom hållbar utveckling kan tacklas genom det decentraliserade styret av fiske. Data insamlades genom sex stycken kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer. Dessutom gjordes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av två BMU-riktlinjedokument, vilka representerar den centrala nivån. Det empiriska materialet visade att Ggaba BMU utgör en plattform för strukturering, kontroll och samarbete. Den lokala nivåns syn på samförvaltning inom fiske verkar överensstämma med den centrala nivåns avsikt av samförvaltning. Resultatet indikerar även att BMUn har påverkat ekonomiska, sociala och ekologiska aspekter i Ggaba på ett positivt sätt. Problem med korruption och olagligt fiske identifierades dock, vilka verkar begränsa BMUns funktion och möjligheterna till samförvaltning.
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Johnson, Kirsten M. "Characterization of length-dependent GGAA-microsatellites in EWS/FLI mediated Ewing sarcoma oncogenesis." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523384027382108.
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Le, Roux Alta S. "Exploring branding as part of the corporate communication strategy of the Girl Guides Association Of South Africa (GGASA)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24862.
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The NPO sector has become a dominant economic force all over the world. With a base of more than 100 000 NPOs in South Africa, this sector, also known as the third sector, has become a force with which all in South Africa need to reckon. The size of the sector alone is an indication of the critically important role it plays in the development sector in our country. I have been working in the non-profit sector for more than 25 years. With this experience as background, my opinion is that the effect of the exponential growth of the sector is that NPOs are now sharing the market with for-profit corporations and public agencies. In almost all markets, NPOs face increasing competition – competition that has intensified the pressure these organisations face to find effective management methods. For survival and self-sustainability, it is imperative for NPOs to adopt the managerial techniques and systems of the for-profit corporations. It is my view that the implementation and management of corporate branding can contribute positively to improve communications and relationships with the internal and external audiences of NPOs in the same way as for-profit organisations. To prove this viewpoint I decided to use a case study focus to allow me to analyse the content of the corporate communication strategy of the Girl Guides Association of South Africa (GGASA) as a non-profit organisation. Following this approach, I endeavoured to establish the role which branding is playing in the organisation and how it can market itself to its internal and external audiences by using the organisation’s corporate brand. Three data collection methods were used, namely, document analysis semi-structured interviews and focus groups. Based on the above, the main research question for this study has been formulated as: “How can the GGASA develop/manage its corporate brand to communicate its image effectively to internal and external audiences?” Four sub-questions were formulated, focussing specifically on: the aims of the communication of the corporate branding; identity and image programme of the GGASA; the principles on which the communication of the corporate branding, identity and image programme of GGASA are based; the characteristics of the communication of the corporate branding, identity and image programme of the GGASA and what the perceptions of the internal and external audience are of the communication of the corporate branding, identity and image programme of the GGASA. In an attempt to answer this research question I endeavoured to link three theories, namely corporate communication, social marketing and branding in order to describe their integration within the NPO sector. By following this approach, a case can be made out that social marketing and corporate communication in the NPO sector is just as important as the organisation’s core service delivery business. Secondly, if an NPO is not sure what its brand is all about, such an organisation would be unable to implement any effective social marketing and/or strategic corporate communication, bearing in mind that the brand is the core and essence of an NPO and the pivot of all these actions. I am of the opinion that should the key recommendations of this study be put in place by the management of the GGASA, it will improve the implementation of its corporate communication, more specifically the corporate identity, image and brand management processes. This will in turn lead to an improvement in the effectiveness of the organisation’s communication and the achievement of its developmental objectives, which will enable them to position themselves as one of the new superbrands in South Africa, with real power to act on behalf of a perceived common good. In my opinion, the inclusion of recommendations provided by the GGASA target audiences during the field research enriched my own conclusions and recommendations. The recommendations were further formulated in such a way, that they could form the basis of a workable implementation plan for the management of the GGASA. This factor further enhances the value of the study.Dissertation (MA (Development Communication))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
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Toni, Elisa Cristina de. "Microssatélites (GGAA)n no promotor do gene NR0B1 em pacientes afetados e não afetados pelo sarcoma de Ewing." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/1410.
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Previous issue date: 2012Ewing´s sarcoma is a highly aggressive tumor of bone and soft tissues. It affects mainly children and young adults. In about 88% to 95% there is the occurrence of a translocation between the EWS gene (22q12 locus) and two members of ETS transcription factors family: FLI1 (11q24 locus) or ERG (21q22). The most common translocation involves gene EWS and FLI1. This translocation leads to the formation of EWS/FLI1chimeric aberrant transcription factor. The EWS/FLI1 regulates the NR0B1 gene promoter through a direct binding to GGAA microsatellites sequences. Our objective was to identify and describe the molecular structure of GGAA motifs in NR0B1 promoter in unrelated Ewing's Sarcoma patients and healthy subjects from South Brazilian population. Were identified 21 different alleles in the 224 subjects. All alleles had at least 4 to 5 consecutive GGAA motifs. The 24. 2, corresponding to (GGAA)7A(GGAA)7A(GGAA)10 sequence, was the most frequent in our population, being present in 50. 4% of subjects. Allele 24. 2 could be associated to Ewing's sarcoma development since it was significantly more frequent among patients. Differences in the global configuration of NR0B1 promoter GGAA microsatellites (size, sequence, amount and position of GGAA repeats and single 'A' base insertions) could result in differences in Ewing's sarcoma susceptibility. These results would provide insights for the understanding of tumorigenesis.
O sarcoma de Ewing é um tumor altamente agressivo que afeta ossos e tecidos moles. Ele acomete principalmente crianças e adultos jovens. Em torno de 88% a 95% dos casos verifica-se a ocorrência de uma translocação entre o gene EWS (lócus 22q12) e dois membros da família do fator de transcrição ETS: o FLI1 (11q24) ou o ERG (21q22). A translocação mais frequente envolve os genes EWS e FLI1. Esta translocação leva à formação do fator de transcrição quimérico aberrante EWS/FLI1. O fator EWS/FLI1 regula o promotor do gene NR0B1 através de uma ligação direta a sequências de microssatélites GGAA. Nosso objetivo foi identificar e descrever a estrutura molecular de motivos GGAA no promotor de NR0B1 em pacientes com Sarcoma de Ewing não relacionados e não afetados da população sul brasileira. Foram identificados 21 alelos diferentes em 224 indivíduos estudados. Todos os alelos tiveram, pelo menos, de 4 a 5 motivos consecutivos GGAA. O alelo 24. 2, correspondente a sequência (GGAA)7A(GGAA)7A(GGAA)10, foi o mais freqüente em nossa população, estando presente em 50,4% de todos os indivíduos. O alelo 24. 2 pode estar associado ao desenvolvimento do Sarcoma de Ewing, dado que sua frequência foi significativamente mais alta entre afetados. Diferenças na configuração global dos microssatélites GGAA no promotor de NR0B1 (em relação à tamanho, sequência, quantidade e posição das repetições GGAA e inserções de base única ‘A’) podem resultar em diferente susceptibilidade ao sarcoma de Ewing. Tais resultados poderão fornecer subsídios para uma melhor compreensão da tumorigênese.
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Toni, Elisa Cristina de. "Microssat?lites (GGAA)n no promotor do gene NR0B1 em pacientes afetados e n?o afetados pelo sarcoma de Ewing." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/5436.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-30Ewing?s sarcoma is a highly aggressive tumor of bone and soft tissues. It affects mainly children and young adults. In about 88% to 95% there is the occurrence of a translocation between the EWS gene (22q12 locus) and two members of ETS transcription factors family: FLI1 (11q24 locus) or ERG (21q22). The most common translocation involves gene EWS and FLI1. This translocation leads to the formation of EWS/FLI1chimeric aberrant transcription factor. The EWS/FLI1 regulates the NR0B1 gene promoter through a direct binding to GGAA microsatellites sequences. Our objective was to identify and describe the molecular structure of GGAA motifs in NR0B1 promoter in unrelated Ewing's Sarcoma patients and healthy subjects from South Brazilian population. Were identified 21 different alleles in the 224 subjects. All alleles had at least 4 to 5 consecutive GGAA motifs. The 24.2, corresponding to (GGAA)7A(GGAA)7A(GGAA)10 sequence, was the most frequent in our population, being present in 50.4% of subjects. Allele 24.2 could be associated to Ewing's sarcoma development since it was significantly more frequent among patients. Differences in the global configuration of NR0B1 promoter GGAA microsatellites (size, sequence, amount and position of GGAA repeats and single 'A' base insertions) could result in differences in Ewing's sarcoma susceptibility. These results would provide insights for the understanding of tumorigenesis.
O sarcoma de Ewing ? um tumor altamente agressivo que afeta ossos e tecidos moles. Ele acomete principalmente crian?as e adultos jovens. Em torno de 88% a 95% dos casos verifica-se a ocorr?ncia de uma transloca??o entre o gene EWS (l?cus 22q12) e dois membros da fam?lia do fator de transcri??o ETS: o FLI1 (11q24) ou o ERG (21q22). A transloca??o mais frequente envolve os genes EWS e FLI1. Esta transloca??o leva ? forma??o do fator de transcri??o quim?rico aberrante EWS/FLI1. O fator EWS/FLI1 regula o promotor do gene NR0B1 atrav?s de uma liga??o direta a sequ?ncias de microssat?lites GGAA. Nosso objetivo foi identificar e descrever a estrutura molecular de motivos GGAA no promotor de NR0B1 em pacientes com Sarcoma de Ewing n?o relacionados e n?o afetados da popula??o sul brasileira. Foram identificados 21 alelos diferentes em 224 indiv?duos estudados. Todos os alelos tiveram, pelo menos, de 4 a 5 motivos consecutivos GGAA. O alelo 24.2, correspondente a sequ?ncia (GGAA)7A(GGAA)7A(GGAA)10, foi o mais freq?ente em nossa popula??o, estando presente em 50,4% de todos os indiv?duos. O alelo 24.2 pode estar associado ao desenvolvimento do Sarcoma de Ewing, dado que sua frequ?ncia foi significativamente mais alta entre afetados. Diferen?as na configura??o global dos microssat?lites GGAA no promotor de NR0B1 (em rela??o ? tamanho, sequ?ncia, quantidade e posi??o das repeti??es GGAA e inser??es de base ?nica A ) podem resultar em diferente susceptibilidade ao sarcoma de Ewing. Tais resultados poder?o fornecer subs?dios para uma melhor compreens?o da tumorig?nese.
Conference papers on the topic "Ggaba"
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Johnson, Kirsten M., Cenny Taslim, and Stephen L. Lessnick. "Abstract 3509: EWS/FLI regulates transcriptional activation via length-dependent GGAA microsatellites." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2017; April 1-5, 2017; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-3509.
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Gangwal, Kunal, Camille A. Enriquez, Devin Close, Christopher P. Hill, and Stephen L. Lessnick. "Abstract 3907: Emergent properties of EWS/FLI regulation via GGAA-microsatellites in Ewing's sarcoma." In Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am10-3907.
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Johnson, Kirsten M., Kunal Gangwal, James Robertson, Thomas E. Cheatham, and Stephen L. Lessnick. "Abstract A34: EWS/FLI regulates transcriptional activation in Ewing sarcoma via length dependent GGAA microsatellites." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference: Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research: From Mechanisms and Models to Treatment and Survivorship; November 9-12, 2015; Fort Lauderdale, Florida. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.pedca15-a34.
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Monument, Michael J., Robert Beck, W. Scott Watkins, Lynn B. Jorde, R. Lor Randall, and Stephen L. Lessnick. "Abstract 3979: Ethnic polymorphisms in the GGAA microsatellite response element of key Ewing's sarcoma EWS/FLI-target genes." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-3979.
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Johnson, K. M., and S. L. Lessnick. "Abstract B32: A novel role for the EWS portion of EWS/FLI in binding GGAA-microsatellites required for oncogenic transformation in Ewing sarcoma." In Abstracts: AACR Special Conference: Pediatric Cancer Research: From Basic Science to the Clinic; December 3-6, 2017; Atlanta, Georgia. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.pedca17-b32.
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