Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ggaba / Journal articles
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Ggaba.

Journal articles on the topic 'Ggaba'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Ggaba.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Staley, K. J., and I. Mody. "Shunting of excitatory input to dentate gyrus granule cells by a depolarizing GABAA receptor-mediated postsynaptic conductance." Journal of Neurophysiology 68, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.68.1.197.

Full text
Abstract:
1. Stimulation of the perforant path in the outer molecular layer of the adult rat dentate gyrus produced a depolarizing post-synaptic potential (DPSP) in granule cells when recorded using whole-cell techniques in the standard hippocampal slice preparation at 34 degrees C. The postsynaptic currents (PSCs) contributing to the DPSP were analyzed using specific receptor antagonists in current- and voltage-clamp recordings. 2. The DPSP reversal potential was dependent on the intracellular chloride concentration, and the amplitude of the DPSP was increased 55% after perfusion of the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide (BMI). The GABAA receptor-mediated PSC reversed at -66 mV, which was 19 mV positive to the resting membrane potential (-85 mV) but hyperpolarized relative to action potential threshold. At -35 mV, the GABAA PSC had a latency to peak of 12.9 ms after the stimulus and decayed monoexponentially with an average time constant of 23.4 ms. 3. The component of the PSC blocked by the Quis/AMPA receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) had a latency to peak of 7.1 ms and decayed monoexponentially with a time constant of 9.9 ms at -35 mV. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated PSC, which was blocked by D-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D-AP5), had a waveform that was similar to the GABAA PSC: the latency to peak was 16 ms and the decay was monoexponential with a time constant of 24.5 ms at -35 mV. 4. The ratio of the peak PSCs mediated by GABAA, Quis/AMPA, and NMDA receptors measured at -35 mV with cesium gluconate electrode solutions was 1:0.2:0.1. This ratio was essentially constant over the range of stimulus intensities that produced compound PSC amplitudes of 80-400 pA. 5. Measured at its reversal potential, the GABAA receptor-mediated postsynaptic conductance (GGABA-A) decreased the peak DPSP amplitude by 35%, shunted 50% of the charge transferred to the soma by the excitatory PSC, and completely inhibited the NMDA receptor-mediated component of the DPSP. 6. Simultaneous stimulation of presynaptic fibers from both the perforant path and interneurons results in a large depolarizing GGABA-A that inhibits the granule cell by shunting the excitatory PSCs. As predicted by models of shunting, the similar kinetics of the GABAA and NMDA PSCs leads to particularly effective inhibition of the NMDA PSC. The more rapid Quis/AMPA PSC is less affected by the GGABA-A, so that granule cell excitation under these conditions is primarily due to Quis/AMPA receptor activation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Freymond, Pierre-Philippe, Vladimir Lazarevic, Blazenka Soldo, and Dimitri Karamata. "Poly(glucosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate), a wall teichoic acid of Bacillus subtilis 168: its biosynthetic pathway and mode of attachment to peptidoglycan." Microbiology 152, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 1709–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28814-0.

Full text
Abstract:
The ggaAB operon of Bacillus subtilis 168 encodes enzymes responsible for the synthesis of poly(glucosyl N-acetylgalactosamine 1-phosphate) [poly(GlcGalNAc 1-P)], a wall teichoic acid (WTA). Analysis of the nucleotide sequence revealed that both GgaA and GgaB contained the motif characteristic of sugar transferases, while GgaB was most likely to be bifunctional, being endowed with an additional motif present in glucosyl/glycerophosphate transferases. Transcription of the operon was thermosensitive, and took place from an unusually distant σ A-controlled promoter. The incorporation of the poly(GlcGalNAc 1-P) precursors by various mutants deficient in the synthesis of poly(glycerol phosphate), which is the most abundant WTA of strain 168, revealed that both WTAs were most likely to be attached to peptidoglycan (PG) through the same linkage unit (LU). The incorporation of poly(GlcGalNAc 1-P) precursors by protoplasts confirmed the existence of this LU, and provided further evidence that incorporation takes place at the outer surface of the protoplast membrane. The data presented here strengthen the view that biosynthesis of the LU, and the hooking of the LU-endowed polymer to PG, offer distinct widespread targets for antibiotics specific to Gram-positive bacteria.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Niwagaba, Charles B., Ajak Ezekiel Ayii, Ambrose O. Kibuuka, and Raffaella Pomi. "POSSIBILITIES FOR THE USE OF SLUDGE FROM A DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PLANT AT GGABA III IN KAMPALA, UGANDA." Detritus Volume 06 - June 2019 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2019.13824.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Huguenard, J. R., and B. E. Alger. "Whole-cell voltage-clamp study of the fading of GABA-activated currents in acutely dissociated hippocampal neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 56, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1986.56.1.1.

Full text
Abstract:
The lability of the responses of mammalian central neurons to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was studied using neurons acutely dissociated from the CA1 region of the adult guinea pig hippocampus as a model system. GABA was applied to the neuronal somata by pressure ejection and the resulting current (IGABA) recorded under whole-cell voltage clamp. In initial experiments we examined several basic properties of cells in this preparation. Our data confirm that passive and active membrane properties are similar to those which characterize cells in other preparations. In addition, GABA-dependent conductance (gGABA), reversal potential (EGABA), and the interaction of GABA with pentobarbital and bicuculline all appeared to be normal. Dendritic GABA application could cause depolarizing GABA responses, and somatic GABA application caused hyperpolarizations due to chloride (Cl-) movements. Repetitive brief applications (5-15 ms) of GABA (10(-5) to 10(-3) M) at a frequency of 0.5 Hz led to fading of successive peaks of IGABA until, at a given holding potential, a steady state was reached in which IGABA no longer changed. Imposing voltage steps lasting seconds during a train of steady-state GABA responses led initially to increased IGABA that then diminished with maintenance of the step voltage. The rate of decrease of IGABA at each new holding potential was independent of the polarity of the step in holding potential but was highly dependent on the rate of GABA application. Application rates as low as 0.05 Hz led to fading of IGABA, even with activation of relatively small conductances (5-15 nS). Since IGABA evoked by somatic GABA application in these cells is carried by Cl-, the Cl- equilibrium potential (ECl) is equal to the reversal potential for IGABA, i.e., to EGABA. The fading of IGABA with changes in holding potential can be almost entirely accounted for by a shift in ECl resulting from transmembrane flux of Cl- through the GABA-activated conductance. Maneuvers that prevent changes in the intracellular concentration of Cl-ions, [Cl-]i, including holding the membrane potential at EGABA during repetitive GABA application or buffering [Cl-]i with high pipette [Cl-], prevent changes in EGABA. Desensitization of the GABA response (an actual decrease in gGABA) occurs in these neurons during prolonged application of GABA (greater than 1 s) but with a slower time course than changes in EGABA. Whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques applied to tissue-cultured spinal cord neurons indicated that rapid shifts in EGABA result from repetitive GABA application in these cells as well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Bamidele Afolabi, Ismail, Abdul Mujeeb Babatunde Aremu, Ada Abaku, Shamsuddeen Suleiman Yahaya, Abdullahi Lawal Aliyu, Bashir Mansir Ango, Abdullahi Yusuf, and Nnodimele Onuigbo Atulomah. "LOW LEVEL OF FOOD HANDLING PRACTICES AMONG FOOD-HANDLERS IN SELECTED RESTAURANTS IN GGABA KAMPALA, MAKINDYE DIVISION UGANDA: AN IMPLICATION FOR SAFTETY TRAINING AND REGULATION." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 08 (August 31, 2021): 929–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13346.

Full text
Abstract:
Background: Food borne diseases remain a major global public health issue with increased morbidity and mortality associated with consuming contaminated food material mostly predicted by the food handlers level of hygiene during the course of food preparations.This study assessed the level of food-handling behaviors among food-handlers in selected Restaurants in Ggaba, Kampala and determined whether demographic characteristics predict the risk of food-borne diseases. Methodology: The study was a food vendor-based cross-sectional study employing a researcher administered questionnaire to capturepertinent data on the food handling practices among 286 randomly selected participants measured on a 4-point likert scale responses. The variable items were computed together using SPSS version 25 to assess the score levelreported using simple descriptive statistics and further binary categorization was done for all the variables to explore the demographic predictors of poor food-handling behaviors using logistic regression. Analysis of variance was used to test differences in the level of food-handling practices across demographic characteristics at a cut-off of (p≤0.05) level of significance. Results: It was found out that the level of safe food handling practices measured on 18-point reference scale reported a mean score of 6.62 (CI= 6.33±6.90)and SD of ±2.45, denoting 37% of the complete safe food-handling practices expected from the respondents. Categorically, the findings showed that less than half of the respondents (43.4%) displayed good safe food-handling behavior. Older respondents (≥ 61 years) and food-handlers with primary educational attainment among others insignificantly demonstrated the poorest scores for safe food-handling behaviors. It was further observed that male respondents displayed the lowest score for safe food-handling practices (F=4.039, p=0.045). Similarly, at bivariate level, male respondents are 1.8 times more likely to display poor food-handling practice compared to females (AOR=1.8, 95% CI=1.07±3.08) whereas at multivariate level, no significant demographic predictor was found out.The findings further showed that less than half of the respondents (41%)self-reported to initiate hand washing most of the timebefore handling food, while only 1 in every 3 respondentssometimes employ hand gloves during food-handling procedure, more than two-third of the respondents (71.7%) do not always put on a face mask while handling food. By gender, 71% of them were Females of 40 years of age or below and 4 out every 5 participants (89.5%) had primary educational attainment or below. Conclusions: The study indicated a poor and unsatisfactory low level of Food-Handling Practices among Food-Handlers in the region mainly predicted by the gender of the respondents, and raised the need for personalized health education and training on safe handling of food as well as improved sanitation and personal hygienein order to avert potential health threats to consumers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

McCarren, M., and B. E. Alger. "Use-dependent depression of IPSPs in rat hippocampal pyramidal cells in vitro." Journal of Neurophysiology 53, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.53.2.557.

Full text
Abstract:
We have used intracellular recording techniques to study the use-dependence of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in rat CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells. We determined reversal potentials and conductance changes associated with IPSPs and responses to directly applied gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The IPSP depression could be seen after a single conditioning stimulus. This depression appeared to be due primarily to a 50% decrease in IPSP conductance (gIPSP). Trains of stimulating pulses (50 pulses at 5 or 10 Hz) produced more pronounced effects than a single conditioning pulse. Suprathreshold repetitive stimulation of stratum radiatum (SR) produced epileptiform burst firing and greater depression of IPSPs than did alvear (ALV) or subthreshold SR stimulation. During suprathreshold SR stimulation the IPSP was nearly abolished and the membrane potential could become less negative than the resting potential. A masking effect of facilitated depolarizing potentials on IPSPs was unlikely since IPSPs accompanied by little or no depolarizing potential were also depressed by SR trains. The 75% reduction in IPSP conductance found after repetitive stimulation confirmed that an overlapping conductance was not responsible for the depression of the IPSP. The GABA-induced conductance increase was not depressed by identical trains. Trains of stimulation induced depolarizing shifts in equilibrium potentials for the IPSP (EIPSP) and GABA (EGABA) of approximately 10 mV. These shifts were always greater after SR trains than after ALV trains. Simultaneous recordings of membrane potential and extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o) with K+-sensitive microelectrodes revealed a direct correlation between the two during a stimulus train. Membrane potential depolarized as much as 18 mV from the peak of the IPSP and [K+]o could increase to a maximum of 10 mM during some trains. A depressant effect (of approximately 50%) of K+ on IPSPs was demonstrated by brief pressure ejection of K+ near the soma. We conclude that repetitive stimulation depresses gIPSP and shifts EIPSP in the depolarizing direction. Whereas gIPSP began to decline after a single conditioning pulse, the additional depression of IPSPs produced by stimulus trains was due in large part to shifts in EIPSP. Depression of gIPSP was not due to desensitization or block of ionic conductances, since gGABA was not reduced. The EIPSP may change as a result of increases in [K+]o.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Thompson, S. M., and B. H. Gahwiler. "Activity-dependent disinhibition. III. Desensitization and GABAB receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition in the hippocampus in vitro." Journal of Neurophysiology 61, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 524–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1989.61.3.524.

Full text
Abstract:
1. Single-electrode voltage-clamp recordings were made from CA3 pyramidal cells in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures for measurement of membrane currents underlying both the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated, Cl- -dependent inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSC), evoked in response to stimulation of the mossy fiber pathway, and responses to iontophoretically applied GABA. Pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms mediating activity-dependent reductions in the conductance underlying the IPSC (gIPSC) were investigated. 2. During 99-s applications of GABA, the mean evoked conductance (gGABA) decreased 43% with an initial time constant of 51 s. Desensitization was never complete. 3. Ca2+-influx, activated with depolarizing voltage commands of 100-ms to 15-s duration in the presence of intracellular Cs+, had no effect on GABA responses. 4. Iontophoretic application of the GABAA-receptor agonist muscimol caused a rapid decrease of 80-100% in the amplitude of IPSCs evoked at depolarized membrane potentials (Vm). Recovery was 80% complete in 30 s. The second of two paired applications of muscimol, delivered at the same iontophoretic intensity, was reduced in amplitude 35%. This was shown to result from a decrease in driving force rather than from desensitization. We conclude that muscimol decreases IPSCs by causing an increase in the intracellular Cl- concentration. 5. Iontophoretic application of the GABAB-receptor agonist (+/-)-baclofen caused a decrease of only 30% in the amplitude of IPSCs evoked at depolarized Vms. This effect outlasted the post-synaptic effects of baclofen; recovery was 80% complete between 60 and 90 s. 6. Bath application of (-)-baclofen was found to decrease gIPSC without affecting the IPSC reversal potential. This effect was rapid in onset, could be observed at concentrations as low as 1 X 10(-7) M, and recovered quickly. The EC50 was roughly 5 X 10(-7) M and appeared similar to that for the baclofen-activated increase in postsynaptic conductance. No effect on responses to iontophoretically applied GABA was observed, demonstrating that baclofen decreases gIPSC by reducing presynaptic release via GABAB receptors. 7. Iontophoretic application of GABA reduced IPSCs in a dose-dependent manner. At low iontophoretic intensities, IPSCs were reduced only 30% and recovered slowly, as with baclofen iontophoresis. At higher iontophoretic intensities, IPSCs were more completely blocked. Recovery was initially fast, but took 60-90 s to be complete.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Johnson, Kirsten M., Nathan R. Mahler, Ranajeet S. Saund, Emily R. Theisen, Cenny Taslim, Nathan W. Callender, Jesse C. Crow, Kyle R. Miller, and Stephen L. Lessnick. "Role for the EWS domain of EWS/FLI in binding GGAA-microsatellites required for Ewing sarcoma anchorage independent growth." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 37 (August 28, 2017): 9870–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701872114.

Full text
Abstract:
Ewing sarcoma usually expresses the EWS/FLI fusion transcription factor oncoprotein. EWS/FLI regulates myriad genes required for Ewing sarcoma development. EWS/FLI binds GGAA-microsatellite sequences in vivo and in vitro. These sequences provide EWS/FLI-mediated activation to reporter constructs, suggesting that they function as EWS/FLI-response elements. We now demonstrate the critical role of an EWS/FLI-bound GGAA-microsatellite in regulation of the NR0B1 gene as well as for Ewing sarcoma proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. Clinically, genomic GGAA-microsatellites are highly variable and polymorphic. Current data suggest that there is an optimal “sweet-spot” GGAA-microsatellite length (of 18–26 GGAA repeats) that confers maximal EWS/FLI-responsiveness to target genes, but the mechanistic basis for this remains unknown. Our biochemical studies, using recombinant Δ22 (a version of EWS/FLI containing only the FLI portion), demonstrate a stoichiometry of one Δ22-monomer binding to every two consecutive GGAA-repeats on shorter microsatellite sequences. Surprisingly, the affinity for Δ22 binding to GGAA-microsatellites significantly decreased, and ultimately became unmeasureable, when the size of the microsatellite was increased to the sweet-spot length. In contrast, a fully functional EWS/FLI mutant (Mut9, which retains approximately half of the EWS portion of the fusion) showed low affinity for smaller GGAA-microsatellites but instead significantly increased its affinity at sweet-spot microsatellite lengths. Single-gene ChIP and genome-wide ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA-seq studies extended these findings to the in vivo setting. Together, these data demonstrate the critical requirement of GGAA-microsatellites as EWS/FLI activating response elements in vivo and reveal an unexpected role for the EWS portion of the EWS/FLI fusion in binding to sweet-spot GGAA-microsatellites.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Biltaji, Eman, Trang H. Au, Brandon Walker, Jennifer Ose, Cornelia M. Ulrich, David D. Stenehjem, and Diana I. Brixner. "Cost-effectiveness of genotype-guided aspirin use for colorectal cancer prevention." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e18318-e18318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e18318.

Full text
Abstract:
e18318 Background: Colonoscopy is the “gold standard” for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. However, adherence rates are low and detection is not optimal. Concomitant aspirin chemoprevention is recommended by US Preventive Task Force, but bleeding complications can be limiting. Variant genotypes in aspirin metabolism can modify CRC and adenoma risk. Genotype guided aspirin (ggASA) use will identify a targeted average-risk population for maximal aspirin benefit while minimizing adverse events rates compared to the general population. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of primary chemoprevention in CRC using ggASA compared to no intervention, and colonoscopy ±general aspirin in healthy average-risk individuals. Methods: Our Markov decision analytical model consisted of 5 possible health states: no CRC/polyps, adenoma, pre-clinical CRC, CRC, and death. Model probabilities for CRC and its prevalence were estimated using SEER database and published literature. A microsimulation of 10,000 individuals aged 50-64 years was used to estimate cost-effectiveness from US payer perspective over lifetime. One way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses and model validation results will be reported in the final poster. Results: Our results suggest that compared to colonoscopy and no intervention, ggASA was associated with fewer CRC cases, and CRC-related deaths and MI cases. Compared to colonoscopy + general aspirin, ggASA was associated with fewer bleeding events, similar rates of CRC and CRC-related deaths, and fewer MI cases prevented. From a cost-effectiveness standpoint, ggASA use over a lifetime had the lowest costs and highest quality adjusted life years gained compared to other strategies, if testing costs were ignored. Once genetic testing costs exceeds $63, colonoscopy + general aspirin becomes the most cost effective strategy. Between genetic testing cost of $63-283, the costs of using ggASA per quality adjusted life year gained is below $100,000. Conclusions: Genotype-guided aspirin use precisely identifies an average-risk population, and lowers adverse events rates compared to general aspirin. The economic value of genotype-guided aspirin is dependent on the genetic testing costs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Shah, Habib, Nasser Tairan, Harish Garg, and Rozaida Ghazali. "Global Gbest Guided-Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Numerical Function Optimization." Computers 7, no. 4 (December 7, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers7040069.

Full text
Abstract:
Numerous computational algorithms are used to obtain a high performance in solving mathematics, engineering and statistical complexities. Recently, an attractive bio-inspired method—namely the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC)—has shown outstanding performance with some typical computational algorithms in different complex problems. The modification, hybridization and improvement strategies made ABC more attractive to science and engineering researchers. The two well-known honeybees-based upgraded algorithms, Gbest Guided Artificial Bee Colony (GGABC) and Global Artificial Bee Colony Search (GABCS), use the foraging behavior of the global best and guided best honeybees for solving complex optimization tasks. Here, the hybrid of the above GGABC and GABC methods is called the 3G-ABC algorithm for strong discovery and exploitation processes. The proposed and typical methods were implemented on the basis of maximum fitness values instead of maximum cycle numbers, which has provided an extra strength to the proposed and existing methods. The experimental results were tested with sets of fifteen numerical benchmark functions. The obtained results from the proposed approach are compared with the several existing approaches such as ABC, GABC and GGABC, result and found to be very profitable. Finally, obtained results are verified with some statistical testing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Nugroho, Estu, Alimuddin Alimuddin, Anang Hari Kristanto, and Odang Carman. "KLONING PROMOTER b-AKTIN DARI IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus gouramy)." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 4, no. 1 (November 28, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.4.1.2009.23-31.

Full text
Abstract:
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengisolasi promoter b-aktin (ggBA) dari ikan gurami (Osphronemus gouramy). Sekuens promoter ggBA diisolasi menggunakan metode “degenerate” PCR. Sekuensing dilakukan menggunakan mesin ABI PRISM 3100-Avant. Analisis sekuens menggunakan program BLAST, GENETYX versi 7 dan TFBind. Panjang sekuens DNA hasil kloning adalah sekitar 2,2 kb. Analisis BLAST menunjukkan bahwa sekuens DNA hasil kloning memiliki kemiripan dengan sekuens gen b-aktin ikan yang ada di Bank Gen. Sekuens hasil kloning memiliki faktor transkripsi yang konserf untuk promoter b-aktin, yaitu: CCAAT, CC(A/T)6GG, dan boks TATA. Posisi faktor transkripsi tersebut juga mirip dengan yang dimiliki oleh promoter b-aktin dari ikan yang ada di Bank Gen. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa fragmen DNA hasil amplifikasi PCR tersebut merupakan sekuens promoter b-aktin ikan gurami.The research was aimed to isolate b-actin promoter of gouramy (ggBA). Sequence of ggBA promoter was isolated using “degenerate” PCR. Sequencing was conducted using ABI PRISM 3100-Avant machine. The sequencing analysis was done using BLAST, GENETYX ver 7 and TFBind programs. The sequencing length of DNA clone result was around 2.2 kb. BLAST analysis showed that sequences from cloned DNA had the resemblence to those of b-actin sequences in GenBank database. The cloned sequences had transcript factors which followed b-actin promoter namely CCAAT, CC(A/T)6GG and TATA box.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Hamada, Hiroshi, Yuta Goto, Jun Arakawa, Erisa Murayama, Yui Ogawa, Midori Konno, Takahiro Oyama, et al. "Characterization of the human E2F4 promoter region and its response to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate." Journal of Biochemistry 166, no. 4 (June 14, 2019): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvz047.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The E2F transcription factors (TFs), which control the progression of the cell cycle in response to DNA-damage and various stresses, are known to interact with a tumour suppressor, Retinoblastoma 1 (RB1). We previously showed that the response of the human RB1 promoter to a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in HL-60 cells is mediated by a duplicated GGAA motif, which is also present in the 5′-upstream of the E2F family genes. The motifs are especially rich in the 5′-upstream of the E2F4 gene. In the present study, we constructed luciferase (Luc) expression vectors containing a 466 bp of the 5′-upstream of the human E2F4 gene. The transfection of this plasmid and deletion/mutation-introduced derivatives into HL-60 cells and a Luc reporter assay showed that duplicated and triplicated GGAA (TTCC) motifs in the E2F4 promoter respond to TPA. As expected, electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that SPI1 (PU.1) binds to the GGAA motif-containing element. A quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting showed that the E2F4 transcripts and its encoding proteins accumulate during the differentiation of HL-60 into macrophage-like cells. In contrast, the expression of the E2F1 gene and the protein, which possibly acts as a cell cycle accelerator, was greatly diminished.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Wilbert, Melissa L., Stephanie C. Huelga, Katannya Kapeli, Thomas J. Stark, Tiffany Y. Liang, Stella X. Chen, Bernice Y. Yan, et al. "LIN28 Binds Messenger RNAs at GGAGA Motifs and Regulates Splicing Factor Abundance." Molecular Cell 48, no. 2 (October 2012): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2012.08.004.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Chermain, Xavier, Simon Lucas, Basile Sauvage, Jean-Michel Dischler, and Carsten Dachsbacher. "Real-Time Geometric Glint Anti-Aliasing with Normal Map Filtering." Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques 4, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3451257.

Full text
Abstract:
Real-time geometric specular anti-aliasing is required when using a low number of pixel samples and high-frequency specular lobes. Several methods have been proposed for mono-lobe bidirectional reflection distribution functions (BRDFs), but none for multi-lobe BRDFs, e.g., a glinty BRDF. We present the first method for real-time geometric glint anti-aliasing (GGAA). It eliminates most of the inconsistent appearing and disappearing of glints on surfaces with significant curvatures during animations. The technique uses the glinty BRDF of Chermain et al. [2020] and leverages hardware GPU-filtering of textures to filter slope distributions on the fly. We also improve this glinty BRDF by adding a correlation factor of slope. This BRDF parameter allows convergence to normal distribution functions that are not aligned on the surface's axes. Above all, this parameter makes glint rendering compatible with normal map filtering using LEAN mapping. Using GGAA increases the rendering time from 0.6 % to 4.2 % and it requires 1/3 more memory due to MIP mapping of tabulated slope distributions. The results are compared with references using a thousand samples per pixel.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Ghosh Auddy, Runa, Md Farooque Abdullah, Suvadra Das, Partha Roy, Sriparna Datta, and Arup Mukherjee. "New Guar Biopolymer Silver Nanocomposites for Wound Healing Applications." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/912458.

Full text
Abstract:
Wound healing is an innate physiological response that helps restore cellular and anatomic continuity of a tissue. Selective biodegradable and biocompatible polymer materials have provided useful scaffolds for wound healing and assisted cellular messaging. In the present study, guar gum, a polymeric galactomannan, was intrinsically modified to a new cationic biopolymer guar gum alkylamine (GGAA) for wound healing applications. Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (Agnp) were further impregnated in GGAA for extended evaluations in punch wound models in rodents. SEM studies showed silver nanoparticles well dispersed in the new guar matrix with a particle size of ~18 nm. In wound healing experiments, faster healing and improved cosmetic appearance were observed in the new nanobiomaterial treated group compared to commercially available silver alginate cream. The total protein, DNA, and hydroxyproline contents of the wound tissues were also significantly higher in the treated group as compared with the silver alginate cream (P<0.05). Silver nanoparticles exerted positive effects because of their antimicrobial properties. The nanobiomaterial was observed to promote wound closure by inducing proliferation and migration of the keratinocytes at the wound site. The derivatized guar gum matrix additionally provided a hydrated surface necessary for cell proliferation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

RAVEN, PETER H. "Plant conservation and our common future." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 50, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/d39x-pjup-ggab-nabn.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Gangwal, K., D. Close, C. A. Enriquez, C. P. Hill, and S. L. Lessnick. "Emergent Properties of EWS/FLI Regulation via GGAA Microsatellites in Ewing's Sarcoma." Genes & Cancer 1, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1947601910361495.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

UCHIUMI, Fumiaki, Satoru MIYAZAKI, and Sei-ichi TANUMA. "Biological Functions of the Duplicated GGAA-motifs in Various Human Promoter Regions." YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 131, no. 12 (December 1, 2011): 1787–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.131.1787.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

van Dijk, Thamar B., Belinda Baltus, Eric Caldenhoven, Hiroshi Handa, Jan A. M. Raaijmakers, Jan-Willem J. Lammers, Leo Koenderman, and Rolf P. de Groot. "Cloning and Characterization of the Human Interleukin-3 (IL-3)/IL-5/ Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor βc Gene: Regulation by Ets Family Members." Blood 92, no. 10 (November 15, 1998): 3636–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v92.10.3636.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract High-affinity receptors for interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-5, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are composed of two distinct subunits, a ligand-specific  chain and a common β chain (βc). Whereas the mouse has two homologous β subunits (βc and βIL-3), in humans, only a single β chain is identified. We describe here the isolation and characterization of the gene encoding the human IL-3/IL-5/GM-CSF receptor β subunit. The gene spans about 25 kb and is divided into 14 exons, a structure very similar to that of the murine βc/βIL-3 genes. Surprisingly, we also found the remnants of a second βc chain gene directly downstream of βc. We identified a functional promoter that is active in the myeloid cell lines U937 and HL-60, but not in HeLa cells. The proximal promoter region, located from −103 to +33 bp, contains two GGAA consensus binding sites for members of the Ets family. Single mutation of those sites reduces promoter activity by 70% to 90%. The 5′ element specifically binds PU.1, whereas the 3′ element binds a yet-unidentified protein. These findings, together with the observation that cotransfection of PU.1 and other Ets family members enhances βc promoter activity in fibroblasts, reinforce the notion that GGAA elements play an important role in myeloid-specific gene regulation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

van Dijk, Thamar B., Belinda Baltus, Eric Caldenhoven, Hiroshi Handa, Jan A. M. Raaijmakers, Jan-Willem J. Lammers, Leo Koenderman, and Rolf P. de Groot. "Cloning and Characterization of the Human Interleukin-3 (IL-3)/IL-5/ Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor βc Gene: Regulation by Ets Family Members." Blood 92, no. 10 (November 15, 1998): 3636–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v92.10.3636.422k45_3636_3646.

Full text
Abstract:
High-affinity receptors for interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-5, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are composed of two distinct subunits, a ligand-specific  chain and a common β chain (βc). Whereas the mouse has two homologous β subunits (βc and βIL-3), in humans, only a single β chain is identified. We describe here the isolation and characterization of the gene encoding the human IL-3/IL-5/GM-CSF receptor β subunit. The gene spans about 25 kb and is divided into 14 exons, a structure very similar to that of the murine βc/βIL-3 genes. Surprisingly, we also found the remnants of a second βc chain gene directly downstream of βc. We identified a functional promoter that is active in the myeloid cell lines U937 and HL-60, but not in HeLa cells. The proximal promoter region, located from −103 to +33 bp, contains two GGAA consensus binding sites for members of the Ets family. Single mutation of those sites reduces promoter activity by 70% to 90%. The 5′ element specifically binds PU.1, whereas the 3′ element binds a yet-unidentified protein. These findings, together with the observation that cotransfection of PU.1 and other Ets family members enhances βc promoter activity in fibroblasts, reinforce the notion that GGAA elements play an important role in myeloid-specific gene regulation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Uchiumi, Fumiaki, Makoto Fujikawa, Satoru Miyazaki, and Sei-ichi Tanuma. "Implication of bidirectional promoters containing duplicated GGAA motifs of mitochondrial function-associated genes." AIMS Molecular Science 1, no. 1 (2013): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/molsci.2013.1.1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Beck, Robert, Michael J. Monument, W. Scott Watkins, Richard Smith, Kenneth M. Boucher, Joshua D. Schiffman, Lynn B. Jorde, R. Lor Randall, and Stephen L. Lessnick. "EWS/FLI-responsive GGAA microsatellites exhibit polymorphic differences between European and African populations." Cancer Genetics 205, no. 6 (June 2012): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cancergen.2012.04.004.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Juang, Yuang-Taung, Laarni Sumibcay, Mate Tolnay, Ying Wang, Vasileios C. Kyttaris, and George C. Tsokos. "Elf-1 Binds to GGAA Elements on the FcRγ Promoter and Represses Its Expression." Journal of Immunology 179, no. 7 (September 18, 2007): 4884–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.179.7.4884.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Pio, F., N. Assa-Munt, J. Yguerabide, and R. A. Maki. "Mutants of ETS domain PU.1 and GGAA/T recognition: Free energies and kinetics." Protein Science 8, no. 10 (1999): 2098–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1110/ps.8.10.2098.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Uchiumi, Fumiaki, Satoru Miyazaki, and Sei-ichi Tanuma. "ChemInform Abstract: Biological Functions of the Duplicated GGAA-Motifs in Various Human Promoter Regions." ChemInform 43, no. 18 (April 5, 2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201218269.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Grünewald, Thomas G. P., Virginie Bernard, Pascale Gilardi-Hebenstreit, Virginie Raynal, Didier Surdez, Marie-Ming Aynaud, Olivier Mirabeau, et al. "Chimeric EWSR1-FLI1 regulates the Ewing sarcoma susceptibility gene EGR2 via a GGAA microsatellite." Nature Genetics 47, no. 9 (July 27, 2015): 1073–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.3363.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Rawal, Leena, Safdar Ali, and Sher Ali. "Molecular mining of GGAA tagged transcripts and their expression in water buffalo Bubalus bubalis." Gene 492, no. 1 (January 2012): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2011.10.004.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Rosato, Adriana E., William A. Craig, and Gordon L. Archer. "Quantitation of mecA Transcription in Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates." Journal of Bacteriology 185, no. 11 (June 1, 2003): 3446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.11.3446-3452.2003.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACT The transcription of mecA, the gene required for oxacillin resistance in staphylococci, was quantified in a collection of 65 geographically and genetically diverse clinical and 8 defined laboratory Staphylococcus aureus isolates. mecA transcription was measured by real-time reverse transcription-PCR, confirmed by Northern blot analysis, and correlated with the presence and DNA sequence of the two mecA repressors, mecI and blaI. Isolates were first examined that contained mecI and/or blaI with wild-type sequence. BlaI provided significantly more repression of mecA transcription than did MecI, unrelated to blaI genetic location. Both together repressed mecA better than either one alone. In clinical isolates containing only wild-type mecI, mecA transcription repression was 10- to 25-fold less effective than that seen in previously studied constructs derived from strain N315. There was a difference in the mecI ribosomal binding site (RBS) between the clinical isolates (GGAA) and N315 (GGAG). The GGAA RBS was associated with 5.5- to 7.3-fold less mecA repression than GGAG in isogenic constructs. The values generated for wild-type repressors were compared to those in 26 isolates containing mecI mutations. mecA transcription appeared to be repressed only by BlaI in isolates with mecI nonsense and frameshift mutations. In contrast, mecI repression seemed to be partially or fully retained in many of the isolates with mecI and one isolate with blaI missense mutations, providing structure-function correlates with the site and type of mutation. We conclude that mecA repressor activity is highly variable in clinical S. aureus isolates due to mecI mutations, RBS polymorphisms, and unidentified genomic adaptations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Salzberg, Letal I., Eric Botella, Karsten Hokamp, Haike Antelmann, Sandra Maaß, Dörte Becher, David Noone, and Kevin M. Devine. "Genome-Wide Analysis of Phosphorylated PhoP Binding to Chromosomal DNA Reveals Several Novel Features of the PhoPR-Mediated Phosphate Limitation Response in Bacillus subtilis." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 8 (February 9, 2015): 1492–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.02570-14.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACTThe PhoPR two-component signal transduction system controls one of three responses activated byBacillus subtilisto adapt to phosphate-limiting conditions (PHO response). The response involves the production of enzymes and transporters that scavenge for phosphate in the environment and assimilate it into the cell. However, inB. subtilisand some otherFirmicutesbacteria, cell wall metabolism is also part of the PHO response due to the high phosphate content of the teichoic acids attached either to peptidoglycan (wall teichoic acid) or to the cytoplasmic membrane (lipoteichoic acid). Prompted by our observation that the phosphorylated WalR (WalR∼P) response regulator binds to more chromosomal loci than are revealed by transcriptome analysis, we established the PhoP∼P bindome in phosphate-limited cells. Here, we show that PhoP∼P binds to the chromosome at 25 loci: 12 are within the promoters of previously identified PhoPR regulon genes, while 13 are newly identified. We extend the role of PhoPR in cell wall metabolism showing that PhoP∼P binds to the promoters of four cell wall-associated operons (ggaAB,yqgS,wapA, anddacA), although none show PhoPR-dependent expression under the conditions of this study. We also show that positive autoregulation ofphoPRexpression and full induction of the PHO response upon phosphate limitation require PhoP∼P binding to the 3′ end of thephoPRoperon.IMPORTANCEThe PhoPR two-component system controls one of three responses mounted byB. subtilisto adapt to phosphate limitation (PHO response). Here, establishment of the phosphorylated PhoP (PhoP∼P) bindome enhances our understanding of the PHO response in two important ways. First, PhoPR plays a more extensive role in adaptation to phosphate-limiting conditions than was deduced from transcriptome analyses. Among 13 newly identified binding sites, 4 are cell wall associated (ggaAB,yqgS,wapA, anddacA), revealing that PhoPR has an extended involvement in cell wall metabolism. Second, amplification of the PHO response must occur by a novel mechanism since positive autoregulation ofphoPRexpression requires PhoP∼P binding to the 3′ end of the operon.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Morii, Eiichi, Hideki Ogihara, Keisuke Oboki, Chika Sawa, Takahiko Sakuma, Shintaro Nomura, Jeffrey D. Esko, Hiroshi Handa, and Yukihiko Kitamura. "Inhibitory effect of the mi transcription factor encoded by the mutant mi allele on GA binding protein–mediated transcript expression in mouse mast cells." Blood 97, no. 10 (May 15, 2001): 3032–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v97.10.3032.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The mi transcription factor (MITF) is a basic-helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-Zip) transcription factor that is important for the development of mast cells. Mast cells ofmi/mi genotype express normal amounts of abnormal MITF (mi-MITF), whereas mast cells of tg/tg genotype do not express any MITFs. The synthesis of heparin is abnormal in the skin mast cells of mi/mi mice. Because N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 2 (NDST-2) is essential for the synthesis of heparin, the amount of NDST-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) was compared among cultured mast cells (CMCs) of +/+,mi/mi, and tg/tg genotypes. The NDST-2 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization in the skin mast cells of +/+ andtg/tg mice, but not in the skin mast cells ofmi/mi mice. The amount of NDST-2 mRNA decreased significantly in CMCs derived from mi/mi mice when compared to the values of +/+ and tg/tg mice, suggesting that the defective form of MITF inhibited the expression of the NDST-2 transcript. The expression of NDST-2 transcript was mediated by the GGAA motif located in the 5′-untranslated region. GA binding protein (GABP) bound the GGAA motif and increased the amount of NDST-2 transcript. The mi-MITF appeared to inhibit the ability of GABP to express NDST-2 transcript by disturbing its nuclear localization. This is the first study to show that expression of an abnormal form of a bHLH-Zip transcription factor can dramatically alter the intracellular location of another DNA/RNA binding factor, which in turn brings about profound and unexpected consequences on transcript expression.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Guillon, Noëlle, Franck Tirode, Valentina Boeva, Andrei Zynovyev, Emmanuel Barillot, and Olivier Delattre. "The Oncogenic EWS-FLI1 Protein Binds In Vivo GGAA Microsatellite Sequences with Potential Transcriptional Activation Function." PLoS ONE 4, no. 3 (March 23, 2009): e4932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004932.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Wolfarth, B., J. A. Simoneau, E. Jakob, M. R. Boulay, Y. C. Chagnon, L. Perusse, F. T. Dionne, J. Gagnon, J. Keul, and C. Bouchard. "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN A TETRANUCLEOTIDE (GGAA)n REPEAT IN THE ERYTHROPOIETIN RECEPTOR GENE AND ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE 296." Medicine &amp Science in Sports &amp Exercise 29, Supplement (May 1997): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199705001-00296.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Bull, Simon E., Rob W. Briddon, William S. Sserubombwe, Kahiu Ngugi, Peter G. Markham, and John Stanley. "Infectivity, pseudorecombination and mutagenesis of Kenyan cassava mosaic begomoviruses." Journal of General Virology 88, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 1624–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82662-0.

Full text
Abstract:
Cloned DNA-A and DNA-B components of Kenyan isolates of East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV, EACMV-UG and EACMV-KE2), East African cassava mosaic Kenya virus (EACMKV) and East African cassava mosaic Zanzibar virus (EACMZV) are shown to be infectious in cassava. EACMV and EACMKV genomic components have the same iteron sequence (GGGGG) and can form viable pseudorecombinants, while EACMZV components have a different sequence (GGAGA) and are incompatible with EACMV and EACMKV. Mutagenesis of EACMZV has demonstrated that open reading frames (ORFs) AV1 (encoding the coat protein), AV2 and AC4 are not essential for a symptomatic infection of cassava, although mutants of both ORF AV1 and AV2 produce attenuated symptoms in this host. Furthermore, ORF AV1 and AV2 mutants were compromised for coat protein production, suggesting a close structural and/or functional relationship between these coding regions or their protein products.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Kaider, Alexandra, Silvia Koder, Simon Panzer, Ingrid Pabinger, Cihan Ay, Lea Jungbauer, and Christine Mannhalter. "P-selectin gene haplotypes modulate soluble P-selectin concentrations and contribute to the risk of venous thromboembolism." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 99, no. 11 (2008): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th07-11-0672.

Full text
Abstract:
SummaryThe cell adhesion molecule P-selectin mediates the interaction of activated platelets or endothelial cells with leukocytes. In arterial and venous thromboembolism (VTE) increased soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) concentrations have been found, and associations of P-selectin genotypes with thrombotic disease have been proposed. We assessed the effect of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [one in the promoter region (c.–2123C>G) and three (S290N, c.1087G>A; D562N, c.1902G>A; T715P, c.2363A>C) in the coding region] and the calculated haplotypes in the P-selectin gene (SELP) on sP-selectin concentrations and VTE risk. The analysis was carried out in 116 high-risk patients with a history of objectively confirmed recurrent VTE and 129 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Haplotypes were generated using computer-assisted haplotype reconstruction with Phase 2.1. sP-selectin (μg/l) was measured by ELISA. Frequencies of all four individual SNPs were not statistically significantly different between patients and controls. Tenhaplotypes were obtained for the control population, and nine for the patient group. The most frequent haplotype among controls was CGGA (major allele at all positions) (27.8%; frequency in patients 19.0%), which was used as reference for statistical analyses. Among patients GGAA was most frequent (23.3%; frequency in controls 17.5%). Haplotypes were significantly associated with sP-selectin concentrations in patients and in controls (p<0.001 and p=0.011). Compared to CGGA some but not all haplotypes conferred an increased risk for VTE with odds ratios (ORs) between 5.4 (95% CI: 2.5–12.2) for CAGA, 3.3 (1.2–9.2) for CGAC, and 2.4 (1.3–4.7) for GGAA. All ORs remained statistically significant after adjustment for the factor V Leiden mutation, located in close proximity to SELP on chromosome 1, as well as all other established risk factors for VTE. In conclusion, SELP haplotypes modulate plasma concentrations of sP-selectin and affect the risk of recurrent VTE.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Vyhlidal, C., X. Li, and S. Safe. "Estrogen regulation of transferrin gene expression in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 29, no. 3 (December 1, 2002): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0290305.

Full text
Abstract:
Transferrin (Tf) is an iron transport protein expressed in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. In nuclear run-on assays, 17beta-estradiol (E2) increased the rate of Tf gene expression approximately 3-fold within 1 h after treatment and reporter gene activity was also induced in MCF-7 cells transfected with a construct containing a -3600 to +39 Tf gene promoter insert. Deletion and mutation analysis identified an E2-responsive promoter region between -811 and -762, which was GC-rich (80%) and contained two nonconsensus estrogen response elements (EREs). E2-responsiveness of this region was associated with a GGACA(N)(3)TGGCC motif (-803 to -791) which bound human estrogen receptor alpha (hERalpha) in gel mobility shift assays. In Drosophila Schneider SL-2 cells, the -811 to -752 was E2-responsive after cotransfection with hERalpha expression plasmid plus E2, whereas Sp1 protein did not induce transactivation. These studies confirm that E2 induces Tf gene expression through a nonconsensus distal ERE.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Kirkpatrick, Greg, Courtney Jones, Susan Fosmire, Christopher Porter, and Jorge DiPaola. "2485." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 1, S1 (September 2017): 65–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.234.

Full text
Abstract:
OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The goal of this project is to determine the role of ETV6 in early B-cell development and define how germline ETV6 mutations result in predisposition to leukemia. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Gene expression commons were queried for expression levels of Etv6 and Pax5 at different stages of hematopoiesis. Mouse bone marrow was isolated and fractioned into cells committed to the B cell lineage via B220+ and CD43+ staining by flow cytometry and then separated into the following fractions: Fraction A (CD24low, CD19−), Fraction B (CD19+, CD24+, BP1−), and Fraction C (CD19+ CD24+ BP1+). Wild-type or germline mutant P214L ETV6 were cloned in an MiG vector and expressed in Ba/F3 cells. ChIP-PCR was performed by cross-linking proteins to DNA with 1% formaldehyde for 10 minute at room temperature, followed by cell lysis with RIPA buffer. Lysates were sonicated to shear DNA to a length of 200–1000 base pairs, then Protein A agarose beads were used to clean and immunoprecipitate chromatin. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We observed that Etv6 is highly expressed in hematopoietic stem and lymphoid progenitor cells through the pre-pro-B stage (FrA), but its expression is significantly reduced in fraction B and thereafter (p<0.0001). Etv6 expression decreases as B cells develop and is negatively correlated with Pax5 expression (r2=0.9993; p=0.0167). We next confirmed the expression patterns of ETV6 and PAX5 during B cell development in human samples. We found that ETV6 expression was higher in the early B cell fraction (CD10+, CD34+, CD19−, and CD20−) compared to the pre-B cell fraction (CD10+, CD34−, CD19+, CD20−). Conversely, we observed that PAX5 expression was higher in the preB cell fraction compared with the early B cell fraction. In Ba/F3 cells expressing ETV6 constructs, ETV6, but not ETV6 P214L overexpression significantly decreased Pax5 expression (p≤0.05). ETV6 is associated with the proximal GGAA site 72 base pairs upstream of the Pax5 TSS, but not GGAA sites further from the TSS. In addition, the transcriptional repressors SIN3A and HDAC3 were detected on the same regions of the Pax5 locus. We detected association of ETV6, SIN3A, and HDAC3 with the proximal GGAA site upon expression of WT ETV6, but not ETV6 P214L. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our results provide a mechanism of interaction for ETV6 and PAX5, 2 genes often disrupted in B-cell leukemia. These findings are significant because PAX5 misregulation results in a B cell development halt, lineage infidelity, and leukemogenesis. In continuing our studies, we have generated a transgenic mouse endogenously expressing the ETV6 P214L mutation by CRISPR/Cas9 editing, and these mice appear to have a thrombocytopenic phenotype similar to that observed in patients carrying the ETV6 P214L mutation. These animals will be the focus of our continued investigation of the mechanism by which ETV6 germline mutation results in a predisposition to leukemia. Our ultimate goal is a comprehensive understanding of how this process may be targeted more efficiently in patients with both heritable and sporadic forms of leukemia involving ETV6.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Uchiumi, Fumiaki, Satoru Miyazaki, and Sei-ichi Tanuma. "The possible functions of duplicated ets (GGAA) motifs located near transcription start sites of various human genes." Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 68, no. 12 (April 3, 2011): 2039–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0674-x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Jones, Courtney L., Gregory Kirkpatrick, Courtney Fleenor, Welsh Seth, Leila J. Noetzli, Susan Fosmire, Dmitry Baturin, et al. "ETV6 Regulates Pax5 Expression in Early B Cell Development." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 2655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2655.2655.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Recent studies from our group and others have revealed a role for ETV6 germline mutations in the predisposition to ALL. Although ETV6 is among the most commonly mutated genes in ALL, its mechanistic role in leukemogenesis remains unclear. ETV6 is an ETS family transcription factor. ETV6 regulates gene transcription through homo- and hetero- oligomerization with other ETS family members and transcriptional repressors. The germline mutation (P214L amino acid change) identified by our group and others impairs the transcriptional activity and nuclear localization of ETV6 in a dominant negative fashion. The goal of this project is to determine the role of ETV6 in early B cell development and define how germline ETV6 mutations result in predisposition to leukemia. To identify functions of ETV6 in B cell development, we queried the gene expression commons database for evidence of Etv6 expression during B cell development. Etv6 is highly expressed in hematopoietic stem and lymphoid progenitor cells through the pre-pro-B stage (FrA), but its expression is significantly reduced in fraction B and thereafter (P<0.0001). To confirm relative patterns of Etv6 and Pax5 expression in developing B cells, we isolated bone marrow (BM) from wild type (WT) mice and fractionated cells committed to the B cell lineage via B220+ and CD43+ staining by flow cytometry and then separated into the following fractions: Fraction A (CD24low, CD19-), Fraction B (CD19+, CD24+, BP1-) and Fraction C (CD19+ CD24+ BP1+). Etv6 expression decreases as B cells develop and is negatively correlated with Pax5 expression (r2=.9993; P= 0.0167). We next confirmed the expression patterns of ETV6 and PAX5 during B cell development in human samples. We found that ETV6 expression was higher in the early B cell fraction (CD10+, CD34+, CD19-, and CD20-) compared to the preB cell fraction (CD10+, CD34-, CD19+, CD20-). Conversely, we observed that PAX5 expression was higher in the preB cell fraction compared to the early B cell fraction. To determine if a function relationship exists between ETV6 and Pax5 we overexpressed an empty vector (MiG), wild type (WT) ETV6 and ETV6 P214L in a murine lymphoid progenitor line (Ba/F3). ETV6, but not ETV6 P214L overexpression significantly decreased Pax5 expression (P≤0.05). To further interrogate the role of ETV6 in regulating Pax5 transcription we measured the association of ETV6 with putative ETS factor binding sites (GGAA sequence) within the Pax5 transcription start site (TSS) using ChIP-PCR. ETV6 is associated with the proximal GGAA site 72 base pairs upstream of the Pax5 TSS, but not GGAA sites further from the TSS. In addition, the transcriptional repressors SIN3A and HDAC3 were detected on the same regions of the Pax5 locus. We next determined the consequences of ETV6 mutation on the recruitment of ETV6, SIN3A, and HDAC3 to the Pax5 locus by performing ChIP-PCR in Ba/F3 cells that express a FLAG-tagged WT ETV6 or ETV6 P214L. We detected association of ETV6, SIN3A and HDAC3 with the proximal GGAA site upon expression of WT ETV6, but not ETV6 P214L. We conclude that ETV6, SIN3A and HDAC3 are responsible for the repression of Pax5 transcription. Moreover, mutant ETV6 inhibits the ability of normal ETV6 to bind and recruit SIN3A and HDAC3 to the Pax5 locus. Finally, we determined if the recruitment of SIN3A and HDACs to the Pax5 locus was essential to repression of Pax5 by WT ETV6 by knocking out SIN3A and inhibiting HDACs using pan HDAC inhibitor, SAHA and measuring Pax5 expression by RT-PCR. We found that upon SIN3A knockout or HDAC inhibition Pax5 expression was no longer repressed upon WT ETV6 overexpression. To determine the consequences of ETV6 P214L expression on B cell development, we generated a transgenic mouse expressing the P214L mutation in the endogenous ETV6 gene. Preliminary data suggests that these mice have thrombocytopenia, similar to patients with germline ETV6 mutation. In addition, mice with the ETV6 P214L mutation displayed reduced level of cKIT expression on the FrA B cell population. Further studies will be necessary to understand the consequences of reduced cKIT expression to overall B cell development and if this cKIT reduction is linked to aberrant Pax5 expression. In conclusion, ETV6 regulates Pax5 expression through the recruitment of SIN3A and HDAC3 to the Pax5 locus. These findings are significant because Pax5 misregulation results in a B cell development halt, lineage infidelity and leukemogenesis. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Monument, Michael J., Kirsten M. Johnson, Elizabeth McIlvaine, Lisa Abegglen, W. Scott Watkins, Lynn B. Jorde, Richard B. Womer, et al. "Clinical and Biochemical Function of Polymorphic NR0B1 GGAA-Microsatellites in Ewing Sarcoma: A Report from the Children's Oncology Group." PLoS ONE 9, no. 8 (August 5, 2014): e104378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104378.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Lapinskas, Erika J., Suzanne Svobodova, Ian D. Davis, Jonathan Cebon, Paul J. Hertzog, and Melanie A. Pritchard. "The Ets Transcription Factor ELF5 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor in the Kidney." Twin Research and Human Genetics 14, no. 4 (August 1, 2011): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.14.4.316.

Full text
Abstract:
Renal cell carcinoma is an important clinical disease with poorly understood etiology. ELF5 is an epithelial-specific member of the Ets family of transcription factors, characterized by the 80 amino acid Ets domain that binds the purine-rich GGAA/T Ets motif found in the promoter regions of a variety of genes. Since ELF5 is highly expressed in kidney and has been postulated to function as a tumor suppressor, at least in the context of the breast, we investigated its role in kidney cancer. In renal cell carcinoma ELF5 expression was consistently decreased in tumor samples versus normal. ELF5 mRNA was decreased in 94% of lesions tested and ELF5 protein was undetectable in 40/40 kidney-derived carcinomas. Re-expression of the ELF5 gene in 786-O renal carcinoma cells suppressed their tumorigenic capacity in vitro and in vivo. This work is the first to suggest that ELF5 has tumor suppressor activity in the kidney.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Johnson, Kirsten M., Cenny Taslim, Ranajeet S. Saund, and Stephen L. Lessnick. "Identification of two types of GGAA-microsatellites and their roles in EWS/FLI binding and gene regulation in Ewing sarcoma." PLOS ONE 12, no. 11 (November 1, 2017): e0186275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186275.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Ohadi, M., Y. Heshmati, and A. Mirabzadeh. "Extreme Alleles at the Human Caveolin 1 Gene Novel Purine Complex and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70720-5.

Full text
Abstract:
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is the principal structural protein of caveolae membranes that are found in most cell types. Aberrant expression and mutation of this gene are associated with a wide range of disorders including neurodegenerative disorders and various cancers. We report a novel purine complex of three polymorphic motifs located at the enhancer region of the gene and risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Extreme haplotypes with accumulated homozygosity for those haplotypes were observed in the Alzheimer's cases comparing with the controls (p< 0.000). Based on our findings, there is a window of haplotypes and haplotype lengths in the controls. Shorter and longer haplotypes were associated with Alzheimer's disease in our cases.This purine complex contains GGAA and GAAA motifs, the consensus binding sites for the Ets and IRF family transcription factors, respectively, and is highly conserved in distantly-related non-human primates in respect with location and motif sequence. The effect of the extreme haplotypes in the expression of the gene and the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease remain to be clarified.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Hilfiker, Helene, Claudia M. Hartmann, Gerti Stange, and Heini Murer. "Characterization of the 5′-flanking region of OK cell type II Na-Pi cotransporter gene." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 274, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): F197—F204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1998.274.1.f197.

Full text
Abstract:
The renal type II Na-Pi cotransport is the rate-limiting step in proximal tubular phosphate (Pi) reabsorption. Among the different “proximal tubular” cell lines, this transporter seem only to be expressed in opossum kidney cells (OK cells). We have isolated the 5′-flanking region of the ok-Npt2 gene (OK cell type II Na-Pi cotransporter) including exons 1–3 and containing a TFIID site (TATA box), a GCCAAT site, an AP1 site, and two microsatellite GGAA repeats. Major transcription initiation sites were determined by primer extension and rapid amplification of 5′ cDNA ends (5′-RACE). A 327-bp fragment containing the TFIID and GCAAT element was driving the downstream luciferase reporter gene in homologous transfection assays. Slightly reduced promoter activity was observed with a 198-bp fragment containing the GCAAT element; shorter fragments were without activity. Promoter activity (327-bp fragment) could also be observed in transfections into HeLa cells but not in U937 human macrophage cells, MCT mouse kidney cortex cells, and MDCK cells. Different “physiological” stimuli known to be associated with altered proximal tubular Na-Pi cotransport activity are without effect on transcriptional activity in above homologous transfection experiments.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Ohadi, M., Y. Heshmati, A. Mirabzadeh, H. R. Khorram Khorshid, and K. Kamali. "A Novel Polymorphic Purine Complex at the Upstream Region of the Human Caveolin-1 Gene and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70721-7.

Full text
Abstract:
Crucial interaction of caveolin-1 (CAV1) with beta- and gamma-secretases, and aberrant expression of the gene encoding this protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD) support a role for CAV1 in the pathophysiology of this disease.We report a novel polymorphic purine complex stretching ~150 bp of genomic DNA at the 1.5 kb upstream region of the human CAV1 gene, alleles and genotypes of which are associated with sporadic late-onset AD. Extra-short alleles were observed in the case group that were absent in the control subjects. Increased homozygosity for haplotypes was also observed at this region in the Alzheimer's cases, for those alleles and allele lengths shared by the case and control groups [(c2=30.75, df=1, p< .000, OR=4.54, CI 95% (2.56-8.3)]. This region contains GGAA and GAAA motifs, the consensus binding sites for the Ets and IRF family transcription factors, respectively, and is highly conserved in distantly-related non-human primates in respect with location and motif sequence. The effect of this complex sequence on the expression of CAV1, and the related mechanisms in the pathophysiology of AD remain to be clarified.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Lin, J. X., N. K. Bhat, S. John, W. S. Queale, and W. J. Leonard. "Characterization of the human interleukin-2 receptor beta-chain gene promoter: regulation of promoter activity by ets gene products." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 10 (October 1993): 6201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.10.6201.

Full text
Abstract:
The interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) beta chain (IL-2R beta) is an essential signaling component of high- and intermediate-affinity IL-2Rs. Our laboratory previously reported that a DNA fragment containing 857 bp of 5'-flanking sequence of the human IL-2R beta gene exhibited promoter activity. We have now further characterized the promoter and delineated cis-acting regulatory regions. The region downstream of -363 is critical for basal and phorbol myristate acetate-inducible IL-2R beta promoter activity and contains at least three enhancer-like regions. Among them, the -56 to -34 enhancer was the most potent and had high-level activity in two T-cell lines but not in nonlymphoid HeLaS3 and MG63 cells. This enhancer contains a GGAA Ets binding site which bound two Ets family proteins, Ets-1 and GA-binding protein in vitro. Mutation of the Ets motif strongly diminished both promoter and enhancer activities. We conclude that this Ets binding site plays a key role in regulating basal and phorbol myristate acetate-inducible IL-2R beta promoter activity and may also contribute to tissue-specific expression of the IL-2R beta gene.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Zakrevsky, Paul, Erin Calkins, Yi-Ling Kao, Gurkeerat Singh, Vasken L. Keleshian, Stephanie Baudrey, and Luc Jaeger. "In vitro selected GUAA tetraloop-binding receptors with structural plasticity and evolvability towards natural RNA structural modules." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 4 (February 1, 2021): 2289–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab021.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract GNRA tetraloop-binding receptor interactions are key components in the macromolecular assembly of a variety of functional RNAs. In nature, there is an apparent bias for GAAA/11nt receptor and GYRA/helix interactions, with the former interaction being thermodynamically more stable than the latter. While past in vitro selections allowed isolation of novel GGAA and GUGA receptors, we report herein an in vitro selection that revealed several novel classes of specific GUAA receptors with binding affinities comparable to those from natural GAAA/11nt interactions. These GUAA receptors have structural homology with double-locked bulge RNA modules naturally occurring in ribosomal RNAs. They display mutational robustness that enables exploration of the sequence/phenotypic space associated to GNRA/receptor interactions through epistasis. Their thermodynamic self-assembly fitness landscape is characterized by a rugged neutral network with possible evolutionary trajectories toward natural GNRA/receptor interactions. High throughput sequencing analysis revealed synergetic mutations located away from the tertiary interactions that positively contribute to assembly fitness. Our study suggests that the repertoire of GNRA/receptor interactions is much larger than initially thought from the analysis of natural stable RNA molecules and also provides clues for their evolution towards natural GNRA/receptors.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Lin, J. X., N. K. Bhat, S. John, W. S. Queale, and W. J. Leonard. "Characterization of the human interleukin-2 receptor beta-chain gene promoter: regulation of promoter activity by ets gene products." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 10 (October 1993): 6201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.10.6201-6210.1993.

Full text
Abstract:
The interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) beta chain (IL-2R beta) is an essential signaling component of high- and intermediate-affinity IL-2Rs. Our laboratory previously reported that a DNA fragment containing 857 bp of 5'-flanking sequence of the human IL-2R beta gene exhibited promoter activity. We have now further characterized the promoter and delineated cis-acting regulatory regions. The region downstream of -363 is critical for basal and phorbol myristate acetate-inducible IL-2R beta promoter activity and contains at least three enhancer-like regions. Among them, the -56 to -34 enhancer was the most potent and had high-level activity in two T-cell lines but not in nonlymphoid HeLaS3 and MG63 cells. This enhancer contains a GGAA Ets binding site which bound two Ets family proteins, Ets-1 and GA-binding protein in vitro. Mutation of the Ets motif strongly diminished both promoter and enhancer activities. We conclude that this Ets binding site plays a key role in regulating basal and phorbol myristate acetate-inducible IL-2R beta promoter activity and may also contribute to tissue-specific expression of the IL-2R beta gene.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Samarina, Lidia S., Valentina I. Malyarovskaya, Stefanie Reim, Lyudmila G. Yakushina, Natalia G. Koninskaya, Kristina V. Klemeshova, Ruset M. Shkhalakhova, et al. "Transferability of ISSR, SCoT and SSR Markers for Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat and Genetic Relationships among Commercial Russian Cultivars." Plants 10, no. 7 (June 27, 2021): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071302.

Full text
Abstract:
Characterization of genetic diversity in germplasm collections requires an efficient set of molecular markers. We assessed the efficiency of 36 new SCoT markers, 10 new ISSR markers, and 5 microsatellites for the characterization of genetic diversity in chrysanthemum core collection of 95 accessions (Russian and foreign cultivars). Seven new SCoT (SCoT12, 20, 21, 23, 29, 31, 34) and six new ISSR markers ((GA)8T, (CT)8G, (CTTCA)3, (GGAGA)3, (TC)8C, (CT)8TG) were efficient for the genetic diversity analysis in Chrysanthemum × morifolium collection. After STRUCTURE analysis, most Russian cultivars showed 20–50% of genetic admixtures of the foreign cultivars. Neighbor joining analysis based on the combination of SSR, ISSR, and SCoT data showed the best accordance with phenotype and origin compared to the separate analysis by each marker type. The position of the accessions within the phylogenetic tree corresponded with the origin and with some important traits, namely, plant height, stem and peduncle thickness, inflorescence type, composite flower and floret types, flower color, and disc color. In addition, several SCoT markers were suitable to separate the groups distinctly by the phenotypical traits such as plant height (SCoT29, SCoT34), thickness of the stem and peduncle (SCoT31, SCoT34), and leaf size and the floret type (SCoT31). These results provide new findings for the selection of markers associated with important traits in Chrysanthemum for trait-oriented breeding and germplasm characterization.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Summers, Michael F., Cindy Powell, William Egan, R. Andrew Byrd, W. David Wilson, and Gerald Zon. "Alkyl phosphotriester modified oligodeoxyribonucleotides. VI. NMR and UV spectroscopic studies of ethyl phosphotriester (Et) modifiedRp−RpandSp−Spduplexes, (d[GGAA(Et)TTCC])2." Nucleic Acids Research 14, no. 18 (1986): 7421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/14.18.7421.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Nishizaki, Tomoko, Shigenori Iwai, Tadayasu Ohkubo, Chojiro Kojima, Haruki Nakamura, Yoshimasa Kyogoku, and Eiko Ohtsuka. "Solution Structures of DNA Duplexes Containing a DNA·RNA Hybrid Region, d(GG)r(AGAU)d(GAC)·d(GTCATCTCC) and d(GGAGA)r(UGAC)·d(GTCATCTCC)†,‡." Biochemistry 35, no. 13 (January 1996): 4016–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi9519821.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography