Journal articles: 'GgH'

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Maezawa, Yukio, Kentaro Sakamaki, Naohide Oue, Yayoi Kimura, Itaru Hashimoto, Kentaro Hara, Kazuki Kano, et al. "High gamma-glutamyl hydrolase and low folylpolyglutamate synthetase expression as prognostic biomarkers in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer who were administrated postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1." Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 146, no. 1 (November 21, 2019): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00432-019-03087-8.

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Abstract Purpose The enzymes gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) and folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) regulate intracellular folate concentrations needed for cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, and repair. High GGH expression affects 5-FU thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibition and is a risk factor for various malignancies. Here, the clinical significance of GGH and FPGS expression was investigated in Stage II/III gastric cancer patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1. Methods Surgical specimens of cancer tissue and adjacent normal mucosa, obtained from 253 patients with previously untreated gastric cancer, were examined. GGH and FPGS mRNA expression was measured by qPCR to evaluate their clinicopathological significance in gastric cancer patients after curative resection. Results While FPGS expression showed no significant differences between the cancerous and normal samples, GGH expression was higher in cancer tissue than in adjacent normal mucosa. High GGH expression was correlated with age, histological type, and vascular invasion. Overall survival (OS) of patients with high GGH mRNA expression was significantly poorer than of patients with low GGH expression. Multivariate analysis showed that high GGH expression was an independent prognostic factor of OS (HR: 2.58, 95% CI 1.29–5.16). Patients who received S-1 adjuvant treatment showed a significantly poor OS between high GGH/low FPGS and low GGH/high FPGS. Patients without adjuvant treatment showed no significant difference. Conclusion GGH expression was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissue than in adjacent normal mucosa. High GGH and low FPGS expression is a useful independent predictor of poor outcomes in stage II/III gastric cancer patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1.

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La, Ming, Yuanqiang Hao, Zhaoyang Wang, Guo-Cheng Han, and Lingbo Qu. "Selective and Sensitive Detection of Cyanide Based on the Displacement Strategy Using a Water-Soluble Fluorescent Probe." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1462013.

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A water-soluble fluorescent probe (C-GGH) was used for the highly sensitive and selective detection of cyanide (CN−) in aqueous media based on the displacement strategy. Due to the presence of the recognition unit GGH (Gly-Gly-His), the probeC-GGH can coordinate with Cu2+and consequently display ON-OFF type fluorescence response. Furthermore, thein situformed nonfluorescentC-GGH-Cu2+complex can act as an effective OFF-ON type fluorescent probe for sensing CN−anion. Due to the strong binding affinity of CN−to Cu2+, CN−can extract Cu2+fromC-GGH-Cu2+complex, leading to the release ofC-GGH and the recovery of fluorescent emission of the system. The probeC-GGH-Cu2+allowed detection of CN−in aqueous solution with a LOD (limit of detection) of 0.017 μmol/L which is much lower than the maximum contaminant level (1.9 μmol/L) for CN−in drinking water set by the WHO (World Health Organization). The probe also displayed excellent specificity for CN−towards other anions, including F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, SCN−,PO43-,N3-,NO3-, AcO−,SO42-, andCO32-.

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Hara, Hiroshi, Takuya Suzuki, and Yoritaka Aoyama. "Ingestion of the soluble dietary fibre, polydextrose, increases calcium absorption and bone mineralization in normal and total-gastrectomized rats." British Journal of Nutrition 84, no. 5 (November 2000): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114500001999.

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We previously demonstrated that feeding a highly fermentable and water-soluble dietary fibre, guar-gum hydrolysate (GGH) increased intestinal absorption of insoluble Ca salts in total-gastrectomized rats. In the present study, we examined the effects of feeding a less fermentable and water-soluble fibre, polydextrose (PD), on Ca absorption and bone mineralization in the normal and total-gastrectomized rats in comparison with the effects of GGH. Apparent Ca absorption was severely lowered by gastrectomy, and PD feeding (50 g/kg diet) partially restored the reduction of Ca absorption similarly to GGH feeding (50 g/kg diet). PD feeding also increased the Ca absorption in normal rats, but not GGH feeding. Femur Ca concentration was reduced with gastrectomy. Feeding PD for 21 d increased the bone Ca concentration in both normal and gastrectomized rats, but GGH feeding did not. In rats fed PD, pH of the caecal contents was lower than in rats fed fibre-free and GGH diets; however, soluble Ca concentration in the caecal contents was not different between the diet groups. Short-chain fatty acid concentrations were much lower in the PD groups than in the GGH groups. We also examinedin vitroCa absorption by using everted sacs of the small intestine. Addition of PD to the serosal medium of the ileal sacs increased Ca absorption, but addition of GGH did not. These results suggest that the small intestine rather than the large intestine is responsible for the increase in Ca absorption in rats fed PD, and suggests that the mechanism for the increase by PD may be different from that by GGH.

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Hara, Hiroshi, Takuya Suzuki, Takanori Kasai, Yoritaka Aoyama, and Atsutane Ohta. "Ingestion of guar-gum hydrolysate partially restores calcium absorption in the large intestine lowered by suppression of gastric acid secretion in rats." British Journal of Nutrition 81, no. 4 (April 1999): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599000562.

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We examined the effects of feeding guar-gum hydrolysate (GGH), a highly fermentable form of dietary fibre with low viscosity, on Ca absorption in the small and large intestines in rats under conditions in which gastric acid secretion was suppressed by a proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole. We also examined the role of the caecum in influencing these effects. The study was designed in a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement with two diet (GGH-containing (50 g/kg diet) and GGH-free diets) groups, two injection (omeprazole and vehicle) groups and two operation (sham and caecectomy) groups. Apparent Ca absorption was lower in rats administered omeprazole (30 mg/kg body weight per d) for 8 d than in rats administered the vehicle. Ingestion of GGH led to partial restoration of Ca absorption decreased by omeprazole treatment. However, this increment in Ca absorption was not sufficient to meet requirements because the dietary Ca level (3·0 g/kg diet) was the minimum requirement for the intact rats. The small increment in Ca absorption caused by the GGH diet was completely abolished by caecectomy. Soluble Ca pools in the caecal and colonic contents were increased by feeding GGH, and the soluble Ca concentrations were much higher than the Kt values of the Ca active transport system in the large intestine or the serum Ca concentration. These findings suggest that Ca solubilization is not a limiting factor for Ca absorption in the large intestine. Apparent Mg absorption was clearly lower in caecectomized rats than in sham-operated rats, and higher in the GGH-fed groups than in the groups fed on the GGH-free diet, even in the case of caecectomized rats. We conclude that Ca absorption lowered by inhibition of gastric acid secretion is partially restored in rats fed with GGH, but the increment is not sufficient to meet requirements.

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Sokouti, Massoud, Ali Zakerolhosseini, and Babak Sokouti. "Medical Image Encryption: An Application for Improved Padding Based GGH Encryption Algorithm." Open Medical Informatics Journal 10, no. 1 (October 28, 2016): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874431101610010011.

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Medical images are regarded as important and sensitive data in the medical informatics systems. For transferring medical images over an insecure network, developing a secure encryption algorithm is necessary. Among the three main properties of security services (i.e., confidentiality, integrity, and availability), the confidentiality is the most essential feature for exchanging medical images among physicians. The Goldreich Goldwasser Halevi (GGH) algorithm can be a good choice for encrypting medical images as both the algorithm and sensitive data are represented by numeric matrices. Additionally, the GGH algorithm does not increase the size of the image and hence, its complexity will remain as simple as O(n2). However, one of the disadvantages of using the GGH algorithm is the Chosen Cipher Text attack. In our strategy, this shortcoming of GGH algorithm has been taken in to consideration and has been improved by applying the padding (i.e., snail tour XORing), before the GGH encryption process. For evaluating their performances, three measurement criteria are considered including(i)Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR),(ii)Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI), and(iii)Avalanche effect. The results on three different sizes of images showed that padding GGH approach has improved UACI, NPCR, and Avalanche by almost 100%, 35%, and 45%, respectively, in comparison to the standard GGH algorithm. Also, the outcomes will make the padding GGH resist against the cipher text, the chosen cipher text, and the statistical attacks. Furthermore, increasing the avalanche effect of more than 50% is a promising achievement in comparison to the increased complexities of the proposed method in terms of encryption and decryption processes.

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ALVER, ÖZGÜR, and CEMAL PARLAK. "VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION AND CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF 1-PENTYLAMINE: A COMPARATIVE DENSITY FUNCTIONAL STUDY." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 09, no. 03 (June 2010): 667–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633610005888.

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The possible stable conformers of 1-pentylamine (1-pa) molecule were experimentally and theoretically studied by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy in the region of 4000–400 cm-1. The optimized geometric structures concerning the minimum on the potential energy surface were investigated by Becke-3–Lee–Yang–Parr (B3LYP) density functional method together with 6-31G(d) basis set. Based on the energy calculations, 10 possible rotamers of 1-pa (TT, TG, GT, GT1, GG1, GG2, GG3, GG4, GG5 and GG6; T and G denote trans and gauge, respectively) were proposed. Optimized energies of the possible conformers were obtained in the gas phase and within the chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, methanol and water solvent environments all of which have different polarities. Comparison between the experimental and theoretical results based on the correlation graphics and mean absolute error calculations presented in this study indicates that density functional B3LYP method is able to provide satisfactory results for predicting vibrational wavenumbers and TT isomer is the most stable form of 1-pa molecule.

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Abdullah, Roheena, Samra Kiran, Mehwish Iqtedar, Afshan Kaleem, Faiza Saleem, Tehreema Iftikhar, Javaria Cheema, and Shagufta Naz. "Random mutagenesis and process optimization of bacterial co-culture for hyperproduction of 1,4-α-D-glucan glucanohydrolase using submerged fermentation." Chemical Industry 72, no. 6 (2018): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind180213022a.

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The exponential increase in the application of 1,4-?-D-glucan glucanohydrolase (GGH) in various fields has placed stress and demand in both qualitative improvement and quantitative enhancement through strain improvement. In the present work, Bacillus subtilis LCBT-15 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LCBT-20 were subjected to physical as well as chemical mutagenesis for improving the GGH production potential. Applications of the UV light and ethidium bromide did not cause a significant increase in the enzyme production. However, Ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) treated co-culture 10 gave 1.3-fold increase in the GGH production, in contrast to the wild co-culture. Different physicochemical parameters including fermentation media, rate of fermentation, temperature, pH, nitrogen and carbon sources and surfactants were also investigated. The M7 medium composition was optimized for GGH production after 48h of incubation at 37?C and pH 6. The optimum inoculum size was 3.5 ml (1x106 cells/ml) in 50 ml of medium. The best carbon and nitrogen sources were lactose (2.5 %); ammonium chloride (1.75 %) and beef extract (1 %), respectively. Optimal GGH production (287 U/ml) was obtained when the medium was supplemented with 0.05% Tween 80. The novelty of this work was exploration of the synergistic phenomena of mutant bacterial co-culture for the enhancement of GGH production.

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Xiao, Hai Ping, Lin Dong, Gao Yan Han, and Xiang Ning. "Influence of Gas-Gas Heater on Wet Flue Gas Desulfuration." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.92.

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Material balance calculation was adopted to a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system for exploring impacts of gas-gas heater (GGH). Effects of GGH on flue and water consumption were analyzed. Results showed that inlet flue temperature of desulfurization tower reduced by 3.4 °C at 100% load after installation of GGH. Exhausted gas temperature of system increased by 34.9°C. The heat release of original flue in desulfurization tower reduced by 43.72%. Plume rise height was significantly improved. Water evaporation in desulfurization tower declined by 42.07%.Amount of addendum water reduced by 39.06%, and water vapor carried by flue decreased by 19.78% at the outlet of WFGD. Therefore, operation condition of flue emission is improved and water consumption decreases with GGH.

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Wu, Jiang, Jin Hong Zhang, Wei Feng Xu, Yu Ran Cai, Yuan Huang Ouyang, Chen Wang, Yi Peng Jiang, and Guan Jie Tong. "The Experimental Research on Corrosion of Gas-Gas Heater (GGH)." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 1516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.1516.

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Along with the rapid development of electric power industry in China, the pollutant discharge limits are getting more strict, and WFGD (wet flue gas desulfurization) technology and its equipment have been greatly developed and extensively applied, in which the gas-gas heater (GGH) is adopted at lots of the power stations. The corrosion is a very important issue in GGH, and it is experimentally studied in this paper. Through experiment of polarization curves and the control variable method, a comparative analysis of the corrosion resistance between the commonly used materials of the GGH is made. The results have shown that the corrosion resistance with the heat transfer surface in GGH will decrease with the temperature increasing, but the enamel steel’s corrosion resistance and stability is strikingly better than that of others, and the increasing volume of corrosion resistance by plating enamel is remarkable.

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Hara, Hiroshi, Masashi Nagata, Atsutane Ohta, and Takanori Kasai. "Increases in calcium absorption with ingestion of soluble dietary fibre, guar-gum hydrolysate, depend on the caecum in partially nephrectomized and normal rats." British Journal of Nutrition 76, no. 5 (November 1996): 773–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19960083.

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Effects of feeding soluble dietary fibre on apparent Ca absorption and the contribution of the caecum to Ca absorption were examined in five-sixths nephrectomized (NPX)and normal rats with or without caecectomy in four experiments. It is known that Ca absorption is lowered by renal failure. In the first experiment the amounts of femur Ca increased linearly with increasing dietary Ca up to 3·0 g Ca/kg diet in intact rats. Partial nephrectomy decreased apparent Ca absorption in rats fed on diets containing 30 and 4·5 g Ca/kg diet. In the NPX groups, Ca absorption in rats fed on the diet containing guar-gum hydrolysate (GGH; 50 g/kg diet; 3·0 g Ca/kg diet) was significantly higher than that in rats fed on a fibre-free diet, and the increase in Ca absorption with GGH feeding was completely abolished by caecectomy. Also, ingestion of GGH increased Ca absorption in normal rats, but not in normal, caecectomized rats. Mg absorption was also increased with GGH feeding and was decreased with caecaectomyin NPX and normal rats. In experiments which used caecectomized rats, coprophagy wasprevented with an anal cup to avoid re-ingestion of faecal Ca. We conclude that ingestion of the soluble dietary fibre, GGH, increased apparent Ca absorption in NPX and non-NPX rats, and the caecum was responsible for these increases in Ca absorption.

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Sipasseuth, Arnaud, Thomas Plantard, and Willy Susilo. "Enhancing Goldreich, Goldwasser and Halevi’s scheme with intersecting lattices." Journal of Mathematical Cryptology 13, no. 3-4 (October 1, 2019): 169–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmc-2016-0066.

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Abstract We present a technique to enhance the security of the Goldreich, Goldwasser and Halevi (GGH) scheme. The security of GGH has practically been broken by lattice reduction techniques. Those attacks are successful due to the structure of the basis used in the secret key. In this work, we aim to present a new technique to alleviate this problem by modifying the public key which hides the structure of the corresponding private key. We intersect the initial lattice with a random one while keeping the initial lattice as our secret key and use the corresponding result of the intersection as the public key. We show sufficient evidence that this technique will make GGH implementations secure against the aforementioned attacks.

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Lee, Moon Sung, and Sang Geun Hahn. "Cryptanalysis of the GGH Cryptosystem." Mathematics in Computer Science 3, no. 2 (January 12, 2010): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11786-009-0018-5.

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Liang, Hui Min, Jie Zhang, and Yuan Yuan Cai. "Energy-Saving Application of Heat Pipe GGH in Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization System." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1177.

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In order to heat the gas of Boiler tail to comply with request of emission temperature of environmental regulations, heat pipe gas to gas heater (GGH) is used in the wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system. Heat pipe GGH is characterized by high efficiency, small losses of fluid resistance, and no leak of the flue gas, and desulfurization system possesses higher desulfurization efficiency, no additional power consumption, low costs of operation and maintenance, and it also solves the problem of acid corrosion and scaling, which is more suitable for wet flue gas desulfurization system.

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Xu, Wei Feng, Yu Ran Cai, Jin Hong Zhang, Yong Chang Liu, Yuan Huang Ouyang, and Jiang Wu. "The Corrosion Characteristic Study of GGH Materials." Advanced Materials Research 424-425 (January 2012): 1266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.424-425.1266.

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Through chemical composition analysis of corroded steel sample and enamel steel sample, through SEM-EDS and XRD analysis of corroded steel sample, the corrosion characteristics was studied, the possible influence to the heat exchange and flow rate were also analyzed. Through polarization curves experiment, a comparative analysis of the corrosion resistance between old GGH materials and newly installed enamel steel is made. The results have shown that the corrosion resistance with the heat transfer surface in GGH will decrease with the temperature increasing, but the enamel steel’s corrosion resistance and stability is strikingly better than the old materials.

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Imai, Hisao, Masakuni Serizawa, Toshiaki Takahashi, Keita Mori, Akira Ono, Hiroaki Akamatsu, Tetsuhiko Taira, et al. "Pharmacogenetic study of Japanese patients with advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer treated with pemetrexed plus cisplatin." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e19050-e19050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e19050.

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e19050 Background: Pemetrexed (PEM) inhibits multiple enzymes in the folate (F) pathway. Several studies show that genetic polymorphisms in these enzymes influence the efficacy and toxicity of PEM. We aimed to investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms associated with the F pathway and clinical outcomes of Japanese patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSQ-NSCLC) treated with PEM plus cisplatin (CIS). Methods: We analyzed 38 polymorphisms in 15 genes associated with the F pathway in NSQ-NSCLC patients treated with PEM plus CIS: ABCC11, ADA, ATIC, CBS, DHFR, ERCC1, FPGS, GGH, MTHFD1, MTHFR, MTR, MTRR, SHMT1, SLC19A1, and TYMS. These polymorphisms were compared with clinical outcomes such as response, toxicity, and progression-free survival (PFS) using Pearson’s χ2 test and the log-rank test. Results: All 56 patients were Japanese, with a median age of 62 years; 57.1% were male, 96.4% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status of 0–1, 96.4% had stage IV disease, and 94.6% had adenocarcinoma. The response rate, disease control rate, and median PFS were 32.2%, 78.6%, and 4.7 months, respectively. Of the 38 polymorphisms tested, none were associated with response or toxicity, but 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (in the gamma-glutamyl hydrolase [GGH 452C>T] and methionine synthase [MTR 2756A>G] genes) were significantly associated with PFS. Patients harboring the GGH-C452C variant had significantly longer PFS (5.6 vs 2.8 months; p < 0.0001) than those with the C452T or T452T variants. Further, patients harboring the MTR-A2756A variant had significantly longer PFS (5.3 vs 3.7 months; p = 0.036) than those with the A2756G variant. In addition, among patients with the GGH-C452C variant, those harboring the MTR-A2756A variant had significantly longer PFS (5.9 vs 4.3 months; p = 0.044) than those with the A2756G variant. Conclusions: SNPs in GGH and MTR seem to predict differences in PFS in NSQ-NSCLC patients treated with PEM plus CIS, and a combination of these 2 SNPs may predict differences in PFS more accurately. These results should be validated in larger, adequately designed prospective studies.

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Stamp, Lisa K., Jody Hazlett, John Highton, and Paul A. Hessian. "Expression of Methotrexate Transporters and Metabolizing Enzymes in Rheumatoid Synovial Tissue." Journal of Rheumatology 40, no. 9 (July 15, 2013): 1519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.130066.

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Objective.To determine whether methotrexate (MTX) affects the expression of genes involved in the transport [SLC19A1 (RFC1), ABCB1 (MDR1), ABCC1 (multidrug resistance proteins 1), ABCG2 (BCRP)], metabolism [γ-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH), folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS)], and mechanism of action of MTX [thymidylate synthase, MTR, MTRR] in rheumatoid synovium.Methods.Synovial tissue samples were obtained from 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Gene expression was undertaken using quantitative real-time PCR.Results.All the genes examined were expressed in all samples. Expression of SLC19A1, GGH, FPGS, ABCC1, and MTRR was significantly higher in patients receiving MTX compared to those not receiving MTX (p < 0.05). The ratio of FPGS:GGH gene expression was 2.7 ± 0.51 ng/ml GAPDH (range 0.67–9.58).Conclusion.Genes involved in the transport, metabolism, and mechanism of action of MTX are expressed in rheumatoid joint synovium. These data provide evidence that MTX has the potential to be polyglutamated within the joint. The higher expression of FPGS compared to GGH in synovial tissue might favor production of long-chain MTX polyglutamates. Thus MTX has the potential to exert its therapeutic effects at the primary site of the inflammatory process in RA.

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Nie, Peng Fei, Hong Yu Zhang, and Yang Wang. "Causes Analysis of Wet Flue Gas Desulphurization Stack Rainout for the Thermal Powerplant without GGH and its Countermeasures." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 1306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.1306.

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This paper introduces the phenomenon of stack rainout in the wet flue gas desulphurization system for the thermal power plant units without GGH,analyzes the factors affecting rainout of wet stack and finds out the main causes resulting in stack rainout of wet flue gas desulphurization for Wangtan Power Plant without GGH,such as low temperature after the flue gas desulfurizationinsufficient diffusion capability of flue gas flowthe blockage of mist eliminatorpoor operation of electrostatic precipitatorinadequate combustion of boilerhigh speed of flue gas flow in the stackthe effect of climate. Also it is analyzed that the mist eliminator equipment and ensuring the efficient operation of electrostatic precipitator may relieve the phenomenon of stack rainout.

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Cereija, Tatiana Barros, Susana Alarico, Eva C. Lourenço, José António Manso, M. Rita Ventura, Nuno Empadinhas, Sandra Macedo-Ribeiro, and Pedro José Barbosa Pereira. "The structural characterization of a glucosylglycerate hydrolase provides insights into the molecular mechanism of mycobacterial recovery from nitrogen starvation." IUCrJ 6, no. 4 (May 8, 2019): 572–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052252519005372.

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Bacteria are challenged to adapt to environmental variations in order to survive. Under nutritional stress, several bacteria are able to slow down their metabolism into a nonreplicating state and wait for favourable conditions. It is almost universal that bacteria accumulate carbon stores to survive during this nonreplicating state and to fuel rapid proliferation when the growth-limiting stress disappears. Mycobacteria are exceedingly successful in their ability to become dormant under harsh circumstances and to be able to resume growth when conditions are favourable. Rapidly growing mycobacteria accumulate glucosylglycerate under nitrogen-limiting conditions and quickly mobilize it when nitrogen availability is restored. The depletion of intracellular glucosylglycerate levels in Mycolicibacterium hassiacum (basonym Mycobacterium hassiacum) was associated with the up-regulation of the gene coding for glucosylglycerate hydrolase (GgH), an enzyme that is able to hydrolyse glucosylglycerate to glycerate and glucose, a source of readily available energy. Highly conserved among unrelated phyla, GgH is likely to be involved in bacterial reactivation following nitrogen starvation, which in addition to other factors driving mycobacterial recovery may also provide an opportunity for therapeutic intervention, especially in the serious infections caused by some emerging opportunistic pathogens of this group, such as Mycobacteroides abscessus (basonym Mycobacterium abscessus). Using a combination of biochemical methods and hybrid structural approaches, the oligomeric organization of M. hassiacum GgH was determined and molecular determinants of its substrate binding and specificity were unveiled.

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Lu, Shun, Xiaomin Niu, Ziming Li, Yongfeng Yu, Xiangyun Ye, Yun Liu, Zhiwei Chen, and Mengyuan Kan. "A pemetrexed-based genetic study of Chinese Han patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e19014-e19014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e19014.

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e19014 Background: Pemetrexed has been approved for ﬁrst- and second-line treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Two studies have confirmed the role of polymorphisms (SNPs) in reduced folate carrier (SLC19A1) is related with the survival differences in pemetrexed-treated NSCLC in Caucasian population. Considering different genetic backgrounds in different populations, our study was aimed to identify candidate SNPs for pemetrexed-treated NSCLC in Chinese Han population. Methods: Fifty-seven patients with previously treated NSCLC received pemetrexed-based third-line treatment from Shanghai Chest Hospital from Nov 2006 to Jul 2011. Four genes, SLC19A1, gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and methionine synthase (MTR), responsible for pemetrexed transport and activation were evaluated. The five SNPs (rs4819128, rs914232, rs4818789, rs3788189, rs1051298) in SLC19A1, two SNPs (rs3780130, rs3780126) in GGH, two SNPs (rs1801133, rs180131) in MTHER, and one SNP (rs1805087) in MTR were selected based on the HapMap Chinese Han databases. All SNP genotyping was performed by TaqMan PCR using the ABI Prism 7900HT Sequence Detection System. Kaplan-Meier cumulative probability and Cox multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between genetic variations with survival outcome. Results: Fifty-seven patients received a median of three cycles (range, 1-16 cycles) of pemetrexed-based treatment. Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) times were 23.0 and 3.2 months, respectively. Patients with AA/AG genotype of SLC19A1 rs1051298 had the better PFS and OS compared with GG genotype (5.5m vs 1.9m for PFS, P=0.047; 45.5m vs 17m for OS, P=0.001). The TT/TA genotype of novel GGH rs3780130 was correlated with better PFS compared with AA genotype (5.8m vs 2.5m, P=0.029). Conclusions: This study in Chinese Han NSCLC patients identified the unique result that novel TT/TA genotype of GGH rs3780130 was related with better PFS for pemetrexed-based treatment. Meanwhile, we obtained the same result with that in Caucasian study, AA/AG genotype of SLC19A1 rs1051298 was related with better PFS and OS.

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B, Premkumar. "GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS INFLUENCING EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF METHOTREXATE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 8 (August 7, 2018): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i8.24563.

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Objective: This review will summarize pharmacogenetic studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes coding enzymes of methotrexate (MTX) pathway, related to its response and toxicity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In addition, this review focuses on the racial and ethnic differences in distribution of the polymorphisms in genes related to efficacy and toxicity of MTX in RA.Methods: Articles were searched using Pubmed database using the search term “pharmacogenetics and MTX and arthritis.” The search revealed 72 articles, of which 27 were given special importance, due to open-access.Results: Many genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms are investigated in this context, and the highlighting genes are ATP-binding cassette proteins (ABCB1) reduced folate carrier (RFC), methylenetetrahydrofolatereductase (MTHFR), gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH), serine hydroxyl methyltransferase (SHMT), 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotidetransformylase (ATIC), methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), methionine synthase (MS), adenosine monophosphate deaminase1 (AMPD1), inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA). The study highlighted RFC-1 80AA, ITPA 94CC, and AMPD1 347CC as responders. The allelic types prone to toxicity were MTHFR 677TT, MTRR 2756AA, MS 66GG, SHMT 1420CC, ATIC 347GG, and thymidylate synthase *3/*2. The genotypes reported as non-responders were ABCB1 3434TT, MTHFR 1298AA, DHFR A317G, GGH 16CC, and GGH 401TT.Conclusion: Although these studies highlight inconsistency in results, due to the difference in sample size and assessment parameters and racial and ethnic differences, larger prospective studies are essential to reach the cornerstone of the concept of personalized medicine.

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Oleforuh-Okoleh, V. U., and R. Wagoha. "Variations in growth performance traits and economic analysis of two Nigerian indigenous chicken strains and their crossbred." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, no. 4 (December 27, 2020): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i4.625.

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This study was undertaken to compare growth performance and economics of production of two Nigerian indigenous chicken strains andtheircrossbred.The parent lines of theNigerian indigenous chicken population used consisted of two strains, the normal feather (NF)and the naked neck(NN),obtained from pure bred strains of Nigerian indigenous chickens maintained at the Directorate of University farm, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Three genetic groups comprising a combination of NF male X NN female (GG1), NN male X NN female (GG2) and NN male X NF female (GG3) were used for the study. The results revealed that though chicks from GG2 were heavier (P<0.05) than others at hatch, those from GG3 had higher specific growth rate (4.36 and 5.59% greater than values obtained for GG1 and GG2 respectively) which translated to heavier body weight (1116.55g) at 12 weeks of age. Quantity of feed consumed was similar (P>0.05) among the three groups. Birds from GG3 were however, able to utilize feed consumed by 11.21 and 12.93% more efficiently than GG1 and GG2 respectively. Feed cost per kg weight gain was least for GG3 ( 520) with gross margin of 132.35 and 133.43 above GG1 and GG2 respectively. GG3 had the best profitability index and return on investment. Crossbreeding naked neck and normal feather showed superiority in growth and economic returns and is therefore recommended in breeding/production programmes targeted at expanding Nigerian indigenous chicken production.

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Xiao, Hai Ping, Lin Dong, Gao Yan Han, and Xiang Ning. "Impacts on Water Consumption in Wet Flue Gas Desulfuration." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.151.

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Material balance calculation was adopted to a bubbling desulfurization system of 600MW unit for water-saving measures. Analysis was made on main factors affecting water consumption. Results showed that heat release of desulfurization reaction and water evaporation went up with sulfur content increasing; Free water and bound water in gypsum increased rapidly with calcium improved; When sulfur content enhanced from 0.5% to 3.5%, water evaporation of reactor increased by 28.9% and waste water increased by 7.8%; With inlet flue temperature of WFGD raised from 120°C to 200°C, waste water increased by 25.3% and evaporation of water increased by 102.35%; Once gas-gas heater (GGH) was installed, heat release of original flue gas decreased by 43.72% and the total water consumption decreased by 39.06%. Therefore, with sulfur content and temperature of inlet flue increasing, water consumption raises. Installation of gas-gas heater (GGH) can effectively reduce water consumption of WFGD system.

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Hutten, Ryan, Matthew Parsons, Christopher Weil, Jonathan David Tward, Nataniel Hernan Lester-Coll, and Skyler B. Johnson. "Temporal trends and predictors in diagnosing pathologic node-positive prostate cancer in clinically node-negative patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.6_suppl.128.

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128 Background: The management of men with pathologically node positive (pN+) prostate cancer (PCa) is controversial. Here, we describe the temporal patterns and predictors of incidental pN+ PCa men with clinically node negative (cN0) PCa. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of men with nonmetastatic, cN0, PCa from the National Cancer Database from 2010 to 2017. Clinical factors included in analysis were pretreatment PSA, pre-surgical International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade group (GG), clinical T-stage, margin status, and number of nodes sampled. Patient demographic factors included in analysis were age, comorbidity index, race, insurance status, and treatment facility type. We performed univariable and multivariable logistic regression to evaluate temporal trends in the rates of cN0,pN+ prostate cancer diagnosed over time. Two-level hierarchical logistic regression was used to identify covariates associated with pN+ disease. Patients were clustered within treatment facilities to account for individual facility practice patterns. Results: We identified 304,234 men with cN0 PCa who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) between 2010 and 2017. Within this group 10,919 (3.59%) were found to have pN+ disease. During this period, the annual rate of pN+ PCa increased from 2.02% (n=822) in 2010 to 5.12% (n=2,072) in 2017 (p<0.001). On multivariable logistic regression, ISUP GG was most strongly associated with detection of pN+ PCa. Compared to ISUP GG1, GG2 (OR 3.5, p <0.001), GG3 (OR 8.8, p <0.001), GG4 (OR 12.6, p <0.001) and GG 5 (OR 26.5, p <0.001 ) were all significantly associated with pN+ PCa. Over the study period, the rates of pN+ identification increased from 5.5% to 9.4% in men with GG4, and from 13.4% to 19.5% in men with GG5 (p <0.001). Between 2010 and 2017, the rates of RP in GG4 and GG5 similarly increased by 12% and 16%, respectively (p <0.001). Other significant covariates are depicted in Table. 22% of the total variance was explained by inter-facility variation. Conclusions: The proportion of men with cN0 found to have pN+ PCa is increasing over time, with pN+ incidentally found in nearly 1 in 10 men with GG4 and 1 in 5 men with GG5 PCa. GG4 and GG5 are the strongest independent predictors of pN+ disease, while controlling for clinical and demographic factors. As incidental pN+ results in upstaging, often requiring adjuvant treatment with radiation and systemic therapies, these data are useful for informing discussions prior to RP. [Table: see text]

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Mandangan, Arif, Hailiza Kamarulhaili, and Muhammad Asyraf Asbullah. "A Security Upgrade on the GGH Lattice-based Cryptosystem." Sains Malaysiana 49, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 1471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4906-25.

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Nguyen, Phong Q., and Oded Regev. "Learning a Parallelepiped: Cryptanalysis of GGH and NTRU Signatures." Journal of Cryptology 22, no. 2 (November 11, 2008): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00145-008-9031-0.

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Kadhim, Qusay Kanaan, Basman M. Al-Nedawe, and Emad Majeed Hameed. "Encryption and Decryption of Images using GGH Algorithm: Proposed." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1090, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1090/1/012063.

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Yoshida, Tsukihisa, Tokujiro Yano, Mikihiro Kohno, Akira Haro, Tatsuro Okamoto, and Yoshihiko Maehara. "Molecular mechanism of in vitro pemetrexed sensitivity according to histological type in non-small cell lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e13090-e13090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e13090.

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e13090 Background: Pemetrexed (Alimta, ALM) is a new multitarget antifolate metabolite anticancer drug. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is now treated with selective chemotherapy based on its classification as either non-squamous cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This study was designed to investigate the relationship between in vitro chemosensitivity to ALM and both clinicopathological factors and the expressions of ALM-related enzymes and carrier molecule in NSCLC. Methods: Seventy NSCLC samples (56 adenocarcinoma and 14 SCC) were used. Chemosensitivity was assessed by the succinate dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) test for three antimetabolic anticancer drugs, including ALM, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine. Samples showing more than the median of the succinate dehydrogenase (SD) activity, which reflects the cell viability, were defined as "Resistant" and samples showing less than the median were defined as "Sensitive." The mRNA expression levels of target enzymes of ALM (thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase), metabolic enzymes of ALM (γ-glutamyl hydrase (GGH) and folypolyglutamate synthase) and reduce folate carrier (RFC) were measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis to examine the influence on chemosensitivity to ALM. Results: Of 3 antimetabolic drugs, only ALM showed significant difference of chemosensitivity according to the histological type. SCC samples were more resistant to ALM than adenocarcinoma samples. In adenocarcinoma, no significant relationship between chemosensitivity to ALM and clinicopathological factors was observed. SCC samples showed higher expression of TS and lower expression of RFC than adenocarcinoma samples. In adenocarcinoma, only GGH was inversely correlated with chemosensitivity to ALM. Conclusions: The present study suggested that, in SCC, the expressions of TS and RFC were associated with the chemosensitivity to ALM. In adenocarcinoma, the expression of GGH was associated with the chemosensitivity to ALM.

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Terashima, Masanori, Wataru Ichikawa, Atsushi Ochiai, Koji Kitada, Issei Kurahashi, Sinichi Sakuramoto, Hitoshi Katai, Takeshi Sano, Hiroshi Imamura, and Mitsuru Sasako. "Association of gene expressions of TOP2A, GGH, and PECAM1 with hematogenous, lymph-node, and peritoneal recurrence in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer enrolled in the ACTS-GC study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 4019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.4019.

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4019 Background: Exploratory biomarker analysis was conducted to identify factors related to relapse sites in the ACTS-GC study, a randomized controlled trial comparing postoperative adjuvant S-1 therapy with surgery alone in 1,059 patients (pts) with stage II/III gastric cancer. Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical specimens were retrospectively examined in 829 pts (78.3%), and 63 genes involved in pyrimidine metabolic pathway, growth factor signaling pathway, apoptosis, DNA repair, etc., were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR after TaqMan assay-based pre-amplification. Gene expression levels were normalized to the geometric mean expressions of GAPDH, ACTB, and RPLP0, used as reference genes. The expression of each gene was categorized as lower or higher than the median value. The impact of gene expression on relapse site was analyzed using the 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) data of the ACTS-GC. Results: Among the 829 pts, hematogenous, lymph-node, and peritoneal recurrence developed in 72, 105, and 138 pts, respectively. The hazard ratios (HR) (S-1 vs. surgery alone) were 0.79 (95%CI, 0.54-1.16) for hematogenous, 0.51 (95%CI, 0.31-0.82) for lymph-node, and 0.60 (95%CI, 0.42-0.84) for peritoneal recurrence. Among 63 screened genes, topoisomerase II alpha (TOP2A), gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH), and platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM1) most strongly correlated with hematogenous, lymph-node, and peritoneal recurrence, respectively. Hematogenous RFS was significantly worse in TOP2A high pts than in low pts (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.55-3.57). Lymph-node RFS was significantly worse in GGH high pts than in low pts (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.13-3.08). Likewise, peritoneal RFS was significantly worse in PECAM1high pts than in low pts (HR, 2.37: 95% CI, 1.65-3.41). These factors were independent and stronger risk factors than tumor histological type on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Expression levels of the TOP2A, GGH, and PECAM1 genes in primary tumors are respectively linked to high risks of hematogenous, lymph-node, and peritoneal recurrence in pts with stage II/III gastric cancer.

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Moyo, Victor M., Zhenghong Xu, Kaniz Khalifa, Nishant Gandhi, Bolin Geng, Navreet Dhindsa, and Clet Niyikiza. "Rationale and preclinical development of LEAF-1401 and LEAF-1701: A novel class of potent next generation antifolates." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e14515-e14515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e14515.

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e14515 Background: Polyglutamation of antifolates by folylpolyglutamate synthase (FPGS) greatly enhances their activity, e.g. pentaglutamated pemetrexed is 80-fold more potent at inhibiting thymidylate synthase than pemetrexed. Polyglutamated antifolates however, do not readily cross the cell membrane, due to high negative charge and molecular mass. The resulting poor intracellular bioavailability greatly limits their therapeutic potential. Gamma glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) enzyme removes the glutamate residues from polyglutamates, which then are subject to efflux pumps. Resistance to pemetrexed has been linked to downregulation of both FPGS and folate transporters and upregulation of both GGH and the efflux pumps. We have been developing a novel class of nanoliposomal polyglutamated-antifolates including: LEAF-1401; nanoliposomal gamma-L pentaglutamated antifolate LEAF-1701; nanoliposomal alpha-L pentaglutamated antifolate These were designed to address key challenges of currently used antifolates namely: Bypassing the need for intracellular endogenous FPGS Direct delivery of the much more active polyglutamates through nanoliposome technology Minimizing toxicity to normal cells Mitigating against key antifolate resistance mechanisms such as downregulation of FPGS and folate transporters, and upregulation of GGH and efflux pumps Methods: In vitro testing in cell lines and in vivo testing in mice were performed using LEAF-1701 and LEAF-1401 in various tumor types. Results: Compared to pemetrexed: In vitro, LEAF-1701 and LEAF-1401 were more potent, in various cell lines while sparing normal neutrophils, colon and liver cells. In vivo, in H292 lung cancer xenografts, treatment with LEAF-1701 improved survival to 59 days vs 39 days for pemetrexed. In A549 lung cancer mouse orthotopic models, treatment with LEAF-1401 reduced metastatic tumor burden and prevented new metastases. In vivo, in mice doses of up to 80 mg/kg IV weekly were tolerated with little impact on blood counts and chemistry. Conclusions: LEAF-1701 and LEAF-1401 are innovative new chemical entities with promising preclinical activity and improved safety profiles and are now advancing to the clinic.

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Reddy, C. Yadavendra. "Clinical manifestations in calotropis poisoning: a prospective study in Government General Hospital Nalgonda, India." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 6, no. 4 (July 24, 2019): 1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20193292.

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Background: Calotropis procera commonly known as Madar is common shrub all over India. Its chemical component Calotropin, which is derived from latex is known to cause injury to eyes and oral mucosa. Toxic manifestations following accidental ingestion are mostly gastrointestinal. This study was aimed at studying the various clinical manifestations of Calotropis poisoning in patients admitted to GGH Nalgonda.Methods: This prospective observational study was done from Feb 2019 to May 2019.All patients both male and female admitted to GGH Nalgonda during this period were studied. Patients below 12 years, pregnant women and patients with earlier gastritis, hepatitis, stomatitis were excluded from the study. The study was carried out in all patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: A total of 60 patients 45 females and 15 males presented during the study period. Most of the patients presented with abdominal pain 15 (25%), hepatitis 10 (16.6%), stomatitis 12 (20%), vomiting 8 (13.3%), diarrhea 6 (10%), hyperkalemia 3 (5%), tachycardia 5 (8.3%), convulsion 1 (1.6%).Conclusions: It was observed from the study that most of the patients had abdominal pain as the major symptom. Stomatitis was the second most common symptom. It was observed consumption of the toxin in lesser quantities produced these symptoms in large quantities produced tachycardia, hyperkalemia and convulsions.

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Teng, Chiao-Fang, Han-Chieh Wu, Woei-Cherng Shyu, Long-Bin Jeng, and Ih-Jen Su. "Pre-S2 Mutant-Induced Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signal Pathways as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Cell Transplantation 26, no. 3 (March 2017): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/096368916x694382.

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Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Pre-S2 mutant represents an HBV oncoprotein that is accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and manifests as type II ground glass hepatocytes (GGHs). Pre-S2 mutant can induce ER stress and initiate multiple ER stress-dependent or -independent cellular signal pathways, leading to growth advantage of type II GGH. Importantly, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathways are consistently activated throughout the liver tumorigenesis in pre-S2 mutant transgenic mice and in human HCC tissues, leading to hepatocyte proliferation, metabolic disorders, and HCC tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the pre-S2 mutant-induced mTOR signal pathways and its implications in HBV-related HCC tumorigenesis. Clinically, the presence of pre-S2 mutant exhibits a high resistance to antiviral treatment and carries a high risk of HCC development in patients with chronic HBV infection. Targeting at pre-S2 mutant-induced mTOR signal pathways may thus provide potential strategies for the prevention or therapy of HBV-associated HCC.

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Tilki, Derya, Daphne Hessels, Geert Trooskens, Susan Mulders, Michael Brawer, Wim Van Criekinge, Jack Groskopf, and Alexander Haese. "Validation of a two-gene mRNA urine test for detection of high-grade prostate cancer in German men." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.96.

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96 Background: There is an unmet need for non-invasive methods that can accurately identify patients at increased risk for clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa). SelectMDx is a urine-based molecular test that has been clinically validated for the detection of high-grade PCa. We evaluated SelectMDx clinical performance in a cohort of German men undergoing initial prostate biopsy. Methods: The study population consisted of 443 men sequentially enrolled men who underwent initial prostate biopsy between July 2009 and December 2014 due to suspected PCa. Post-DRE urine was collected from all subjects prior to biopsy, and samples stored at -70C. Urinary HOXC6 and DLX-1 mRNAs were quantified by PCR in May 2018, and RNA results combined with clinical risk factors to determine the likelihood that biopsy would identify ISUP grade group (GG) ≥ 2 (Gleason Score ≥ 7) PCa. We assessed SelectMDx performance for detection of GG ≥ 2 PCa, compared to the PCPT Risk Calculator Version 2.0 (PCPTRC, http://myprostatecancerrisk.com , accessed Oct 7, 2018). Results: For the 443 subjects enrolled, average age was 66 years (median 66, interquartile range 61 to 71), and average serum PSA level 8.8 ng/mL (6.4, 4.8 to 9.7). Cancer was detected in 243/443 (55%) men biopsied (43% GG1, 36% GG2, 9% GG3 and 12% GG4-5). The prevalence of GG2-5 PCa in this population was 31.4% (139/443). For detection of GG2 or higher PCa versus GG1 or no PCa at biopsy, SelectMDx AUC was 0.82 (95% C.I. 0.78-0.86) and the PCPTRC yielded AUC 0.75 (0.70-0.80), P < 0.001. SelectMDx sensitivity was 94% (89-98%), specificity 46% (40-52%), positive predictive value 45% (42-47%) and negative predictive value (NPV) 95% (90-97%). If the initial biopsy had been performed based on SelectMDx results alone, 46% of potentially unnecessary biopsies and 34% of all biopsies would have been avoided, while 5.8% of men with biopsy-detectable high-grade PCa (seven GG2, one GG3) may have had their diagnosis delayed. Conclusions: In this first validation study of SelectMDx in German men, the test’s clinical performance was comparable to the published EU validation study, showing a high NPV for detection of GG2 or higher PCa. These results provide further evidence for the clinical validity of SelectMDx.

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Li, Dian Xun, and Shu Sheng Zhang. "Numerical Simulation of Accident Spray Cooling System in FGD System Inlet." Applied Mechanics and Materials 703 (December 2014): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.703.237.

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By accident of a power plant desulfurization CFD Research sprinkler system model to simulate the process of considering the two-way coupling between the droplet atomization, evaporation, with the main flue gas stream. The results showed that x = 3300 sectional arrangement 40 nozzles, high temperature flue gas through a water spray after 10.8m reach x = 14100 section of the temperature has dropped to 358K, before entering the GGH down to 345K, meet an accident situation spray cooling requirements.

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Peng, Liu, Jin-Cheng Guo, Lin Long, Feng Pan, Jian-Mei Zhao, Li-Yan Xu, and En-Min Li. "A Novel Clinical Six-Flavoprotein-Gene Signature Predicts Prognosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma." BioMed Research International 2019 (October 30, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3869825.

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Flavoproteins and their interacting proteins play important roles in mitochondrial electron transport, fatty acid degradation, and redox regulation. However, their clinical significance and function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are little known. Here, using survival analysis and machine learning, we mined 179 patient expression profiles with ESCC in GSE53625 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and constructed a signature consisting of two flavoprotein genes (GPD2 and PYROXD2) and four flavoprotein interacting protein genes (CTTN, GGH, SRC, and SYNJ2BP). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed the signature was significantly associated with the survival of ESCC patients (mean survival time: 26.77 months in the high-risk group vs. 54.97 months in the low-risk group, P<0.001, n = 179), and time-dependent ROC analysis demonstrated that the six-gene signature had good predictive ability for six-year survival for ESCC (AUC = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.81–0.90). We then validated its prediction performance in an independent set by RT-PCR (mean survival: 15.73 months in the high-risk group vs. 21.1 months in the low-risk group, P=0.032, n = 121). Furthermore, RNAi-mediated knockdown of genes in the flavoprotein signature led to decreased proliferation and migration of ESCC cells. Taken together, CTTN, GGH, GPD2, PYROXD2, SRC, and SYNJ2BP have an important clinical significance for prognosis of ESCC patients, suggesting they are efficient prognostic markers and potential targets for ESCC therapy.

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Udgaonkar, Usha S., Raghavendra D. Kulkarni, D. Raghavendra, Vanita A. Kulkarni, Chandrakant A. Dharmadhikari, Sushila G. Pawar, and Shama D. Paricharak. "Multidrug Resistant Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Infections." Tropical Doctor 25, no. 3 (July 1995): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559502500305.

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Over a period of 2 years, 28 patients admitted to Government General Hospital (GGH), Sangli (which is attached to Government Medical College (GMC), Miraj) yielded multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal salmonellae from their clinical material. The pediatric age group predominated in the study, accounting for 93% of cases. Salmonella typhimurium was the main isolate (86%), the other being Salmonella newport (14%). Gastroenteritis was the commonest presentation. Septicaemia was seen with 100% mortality, in infants below 1 month of age. Two cases of meningitis were also seen.

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Synhaivska, Olena, Yves Mermoud, Masoud Baghernejad, Israel Alshanski, Mattan Hurevich, Shlomo Yitzchaik, Mathias Wipf, and Michel Calame. "Detection of Cu2+ Ions with GGH Peptide Realized with Si-Nanoribbon ISFET." Sensors 19, no. 18 (September 18, 2019): 4022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19184022.

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The presence of heavy metal ions such as copper in the human body at certain concentrations and specific conditions can lead to the development of different diseases. The currently available analytical detection methods remain expensive, time-consuming, and often require sample pre-treatment. The development of specific and quantitative, easy-in-operation, and cost-effective devices, capable of monitoring the level of Cu2+ ions in environmental and physiological media, is necessary. We use silicon nanoribbon (SiNR) ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) devices modified with a Gly–Gly–His peptide for the detection of copper ions in a large concentration range. The specific binding of copper ions causes a conformational change of the ligand, and a deprotonation of secondary amine groups. By performing differential measurements, we gain a deeper insight into the details of the ion–ligand interaction. We highlight in particular the importance of considering non-specific interactions to explain the sensors’ response.

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Bhimeswar, Ravula, Vuppu Chandra Venkata Siva Kumar, Padavala Koteswar Rao, Dasari Siva Sankaraih, and Ijju Hemanth. "A CASE SERIES ON EPISTAXIS IN PATIENTS ATTENDING ENT OPD, GGH, KAKINADA." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 7, no. 22 (May 28, 2018): 2660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2018/598.

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A, Ravi Kamal Kumar, Katta Srinivasa Rao, and Prasad Pulla. "A CLINICAL STUDY OF SOLITARY NODULE THYROID IN GGH, GUNTUR, A. P ." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 4, no. 79 (September 29, 2015): 13791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2015/1967.

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Person, Maria D., Kathlynn C. Brown, Sami Mahrus, Charles S. Craik, and Alma L. Burlingame. "Novel inter-protein cross-link identified in the GGH-ecotin D137Y dimer." Protein Science 10, no. 8 (April 13, 2009): 1549–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1110/ps.ps.46601.

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Khan, Babar Rafiq, Mazhar Iqbal, Muhammad Saleem, and Muhammad Hanif. "Positive rate of COVID 19 in the setting of GGH Ghulam Muhammadabad." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 7 (July 26, 2021): 1706–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211571706.

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Background: The corona virus disease also known as COVID-19 has opened gates to a lot of research about detection, treatment and prevention in the last past year due to lack of information regarding the SARS-CoV-2 virus. PCR corona via nasopharyngeal swab is the standard method of detection in our set-up. Materials and methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken by ENT department using precautions and following proper SOPs. Swabs were sent for rRT-PCR tests. Data was collected and analyzed. All the subjects meeting the inclusion criteria were included in study. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Frequency and percentage was calculated for gender. Positivity rate was calculated using CDC formula. Study design: - Descriptive studies Place and Duration of Study: - Government General Hospital, Ghulam Muhammadabad, Faisalabad. 889 samples were taken from 7.1.2020 to 6.12.2020. Results: Standard PCR for corona test by nasopharyngeal route was taken of suspected corona patients and of patients with contact with corona positive patients. 894 samples were taken from 7.1.2020 to 6.12.2020. 263 were positive for corona. The calculated positive rate is 29.41%. Conclusions: Calculation of positive rates is a very easy metric to give us a quick overview of the spread of the virus. Keywords: COVID-19, Positive rates, PCR-Corona

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Izawa, Kiyoko, Tomoya Kakegawa, Masayuki Yamamoto, and Arinobu Tojo. "Forced HoxB4 Sustains CD45-c-kit+ Pre-Hematopoieitc Stem Cells (HSCs) Derived from Murine Induced-Pluripotent Stem Cells, Which Develop Long-Term and Short-Term Repopulating HSCs According to GATA2 Expression Level." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 1567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1567.1567.

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Abstract Background: Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) constitute a rare population of bone marrow cells (BMCs) and their ex vivo expansion with stemness for a prolonged period is quite unlikely. It is also difficult to efficiently produce HSCs from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). HoxB4 is a positive regulator of murine HSC self-renewal when ectopically expressed. Moreover, it was reported that HoxB4 overexpression could promote differentiation of ESCs to definitive HSCs. We established iPSCs (GGH-iPSCs) from BMCs of a C57BL/6J-Ly5.2 GATA2-GFP knock-in mouse (PNAS 103:2202, 2006) and transduced them with a 4-hydroxytamoxyfen (4-HT)-inducible HoxB4 construct. Using GGH-iPSCs, we showed that enforced HoxB4 activity throughout their culture period resulted in the long-term maintenance of iPSC-derived HSCs, which could repopulate in recipient mice over 30 weeks after transplantation, in vitro (Blood 122:2418, 2013). In the present study, we tried to elucidate the precise stage of hematopoietic differentiation governed by enforced HoxB4 in this iPSC model, especially in association with GATA2 expression. Experimental procedures and Results: GGH-iPSCs were induced toward hematopoietic differentiatin under enforced HoxB4, and after 2 months of culture, almost all the resulting cells expressed c-kit but not CD45, and approximately half of them were highly positive for GFP (GATA2). We also found that these CD45- cell populations expressed HSC marker genes such as SCL and LMO2, and that they produced CD45+ blood cells after HoxB4 was switched off. These results suggest that CD45- pre-HSCs, which can develop LT-HSCs, may be included in HoxB4-sustained iPSC-derived cell populations. Next, according to the GFP (GATA2) expression level, we divided CD45-c-kit+ cells on HoxB4 into two fractions; CD45-c-kit+GATA2high and CD45-c-kit+GATA2low/- cells, and cultured FACS-sorted cells over an OP9 monolayer with cytokines and without 4-HT to switch off HoxB4. Then, CD45+ blood cells emerged from both cell fractions over time, and CD45-c-kit+GATA2low/- cells produced much more CD45+ cells than CD45-c-kit+GATA2high cells one month later (Figure Left). Furthermore, to test a long-term repopulating activity in mice, each of cell fractions was cultured without 4-HT for 4 days after sorting, and then subjected to transplanttion into sublethally-irradiated C57BL/6-Ly5.1 recipient mice. Two weeks after transplantation, peripheral blood Ly5.2+ donor cells were much more frequent in mice transplanted with CD45-c-kit+GATA2low/- cells, compared to those with CD45-c-kit+GATA2high cells, whereas the CD45-c-kit+GATA2low/- fraction-derived donor cells rapidly decreased and disappeared around 2 months later. In contrast, CD45-c-kit+GATA2high donor cells could repopulate in recipient mice over 20 weeks after transplantation (Figure Right). These results suggest that CD45-c-kit+GATA2low/- and CD45-c-kit+GATA2high cell fractions include short-term (ST) and long-term (LT) -repopulating HSCs, respectively. Conclusion: Taken together, in a hematopoietic differentiation model of murine GGH-iPSCs, long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) emerge from CD45-c-kit+GATA2high pre-HSC fraction which can be sustained in vitro by enforced HoxB4. In this experimental setting, enforced HoxB4 is likely to hinder differentiation from CD45- pre-HSCs to CD45+ HSCs. Figure 1 Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 2. Disclosures Tojo: Novartis: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding; Chugai: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Dainippon Sumitomo: Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy.

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Izawa, Kiyoko, Masayuki Yamamoto, and Arinobu Tojo. "Long-Term Ex Vivo Maintenance Of Murine iPSC-Derived Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells By Conditional HoxB4." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 2418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2418.2418.

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Abstract Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HS/PCs) constitute a rare population of bone marrow (BM) cells and are quite unlikely to expand ex vivo with maintenance of their stemness for a prolonged period. It is also difficult to efficiently produce HSCs from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). HoxB4, a member of the Homeobox (Hox) family, is an apparent positive regulator of HSC self-renewal when ectopically expressed. HoxB4 overexpression also promotes differentiation of ESCs to definitive HSCs. In this study, we examined whether conditional HoxB4 expression may contribute to efficient induction of HS/PCs from murine iPSCs. Here we report that 4-Hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT) -triggered HoxB4 can sustain iPSC-derived HS/PCs, which repopulate long-term in recipient mice, ex vivo for over two months. GATA2 is a key transcription factor for hematopoiesis and expressed abundantly in HS/PCs. GFP-positive BM cells were prepared from C57/BL6 (Ly5.2) mice which have GFP cDNA inserted into exon 2 of the GATA2 gene, and were reprogrammed to pluripotency (GG-iPSCs) according to the standard method. HOXB4-ER cDNA encoding HoxB4-ligand binding domain of estrogen receptor chimeric protein was constructed and used to transduce GG-iPSCs (GGH-iPSCs). Transcriptional activity of HoxB4 is 4-HT-dependent in this context. Then, GGH-iPSCs were subjected to 3 different culture conditions during hematopoietic induction over an OP9 monolayer as follows. HoxB4+ and HoxB4- indicate cultures continuously supplemented with or without 4-HT throughout 2 months, respectively, and HoxB4+/d4 denotes 2 months of HoxB4+ culture followed by 4 day's depletion of 4-HT. Resulting non-adherent cells were analyzed by FACS and RT-PCR. Furthermore, to examine in vivo repopulating ability of those, HoxB4+ (n=12), HoxB4- (n=8) or HoxB4+/d4 (n=9) -derived cells were transplanted into sublethally irradiated Ly5.1 congenic mice. Control mice (n=5) were irradiated only. The ratio of peripheral blood donor cells was monitored every 4 weeks, and at 20 weeks after transplantation, lineage marker-negative (Lin-) cells from recipient BM were analyzed. Colony-forming cells were specifically enriched in GFP+ BM cells of GATA2 knock-in mice, indicating that GGH-iPSC-derived HS/PCs can be visualized by GFP. Even after 2 months' culture of GGH-iPSCs toward hematopoietic differentiation, GFP+ cells were kept in culture and the resulting cell mass retained HS/PC signatures including RUNX1 and LMO2 in both culture conditions. However, expression of GATA2 exon1 (SI), exclusively specific for HSCs, could be detected in only HoxB4+/d4. In repopulation assays, Ly5.2+ donor cells could be detected in each group of recipient mice at 2 weeks after transplantation. Ly5.2+ cells from HoxB4- culture disappeared by 4 weeks. On the other hands, from HoxB4+ and HoxB4+/d4 cultures, Ly5.2+ cells gradually decreased in ratio and disappeared by 12 weeks, but appeared again after 16 weeks. Time to reappearance of Ly5.2+ donor cells in recipient mice was significantly shorter from HoxB4+/d4 culture than from HoxB4+ culture, suggesting that HSCs are more abundant in the former culture. Furthermore, Ly5.2+GFP+ KSL cells existed in both HoxB4+ and HoxB4+/d4, but not in HoxB4- culture. In summary, proper tuning of HoxB4 activity may be prerequisite for long-term ex vivo maintenance of iPSC-derived HS/PCs. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Dettori, Maria Luisa, Angela Maria Rocchigiani, Sebastiano Luridiana, Maria Consuelo Mura, Vincenzo Carcangiu, Michele Pazzola, and Giuseppe Massimo Vacca. "Growth hormone gene variability and its effects on milk traits in primiparous Sarda goats." Journal of Dairy Research 80, no. 3 (April 23, 2013): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029913000174.

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The aim of this research was to investigate variability in each of the five exons of the caprine growth hormone (gGH) gene, in order to establish the possible relationships with milk traits in Sarda breed goat. The general linear model procedure was used to analyse the effects of the single strand conformation (SSCP) profiles on milk traits of 100 lactating goats. Analysis of conformational polymorphism at exons 1–5 revealed a total of 25 differing banding patterns. Sequencing revealed 21 nucleotide changes (compared with GenBank D00476): 14 were polymorphic and 7 monomorphic; 19 in exonic regions, 5 of which were nonsynonymous. A SNP upstream of the transcription initiation codon (c.-3A>G) and an indel (c.*29_30insC) in the 3′UTR, were detected. Alignment of 4 cloned sequences including the entire gGH gene led to the identification of 22 nucleotide variations within the intron regions, including two indels. Association analysis revealed that each exon, except exon-1, affected milk yield, exons 1 and 3 influenced milk fat percentage, and all exons, except exon-2, had an effect on protein percentage, supporting previous results in livestock. The variability detected at the caprine GH gene might provide useful information for the phylogeny of ruminants and, more importantly, have implications on the biological function of the growth hormone and on those traits resulting from its physiological action, including milk production and composition. The caprine GH gene may become a useful molecular marker for a more effective genetic selection for milk production traits in goats.

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Subhaprada, S. Cynthia, Shasank R. V. S. S., T. Sivakala, and S. Madhusai. "An evaluation of health-related quality of life and its determinants among people living with HIV/AIDS attending tertiary care hospital of Kurnool, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 4470. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194514.

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Background: HIV/AIDS is known to affect an individual not only physically but also mentally, socially, and financially. It is a syndrome that builds a vacuum in a person affecting his/her life as a whole. Combined with ART, Quality of life (QoL) is an important component in the evaluation of the wellbeing of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). The objective of this study is to assess health related quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients attending ART clinic Tertiary care hospital, GGH, Kurnool and to determine the association of socio-demographic and disease related variables with health related quality of life.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2019 to June 2019 involving 400 purposively selected HIV-positive patients of age >18 years, who were taking highly active anti-retroviral therapy for the past 6months from the ART center, GGH, Kurnool. After obtaining IEC clearance and informed consent, WHOQOL-BREF instrument was used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 26.0.Results: Out of the 400 participants, 60% were males. The mean age of the participants was 38.5±10.54 years. Overall quality of life had a mean score of 69.71. Physical (82.57) and level of independence (78.78) domains showed higher mean score when compared to psychological (63.82), environmental (61.49) and Social (60.26) domains.Conclusions: Among study subjects 15.5% had excellent QoL (≥80), nearly 69.75% had good QoL (60-79) and 14.75% had poor QoL (<60). Low QoL scores were seen in the social domain, suggesting that more social interventions are required in this population.

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Oh, B. J., B. J. Ryu, Y. S. Lee, J. H. Kim, and S. G. Baek. "Optimization of the Gas-Gas Heater Element for Desulfurization Equipment through Fluid Analysis of considering Deposition Particles." Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering 20, no. 7 (July 20, 2010): 611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5050/ksnve.2010.20.7.611.

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NVA, Benhar, and Vijaya Kumar H. "EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, GGH, KAKINADA." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 4, no. 24 (March 22, 2017): 1379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2017/270.

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Li, Yue, Sixi Liu, Huihui Wang, Huirong Mai, Xiuli Yuan, Changgang Li, Xiaowen Chen, and Feiqiu Wen. "Methylation level of CpG islands in GGH gene promoter in pediatric acute leukemia." PLOS ONE 12, no. 3 (March 9, 2017): e0173472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173472.

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Cheon, Jung Hee, Jinhyuck Jeong, and Changmin Lee. "An algorithm for NTRU problems and cryptanalysis of the GGH multilinear map without a low-level encoding of zero." LMS Journal of Computation and Mathematics 19, A (2016): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s1461157016000371.

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Let$\mathbf{f}$and$\mathbf{g}$be polynomials of a bounded Euclidean norm in the ring$\mathbb{Z}[X]/\langle X^{n}+1\rangle$. Given the polynomial$[\mathbf{f}/\mathbf{g}]_{q}\in \mathbb{Z}_{q}[X]/\langle X^{n}+1\rangle$, the NTRU problem is to find$\mathbf{a},\mathbf{b}\in \mathbb{Z}[X]/\langle X^{n}+1\rangle$with a small Euclidean norm such that$[\mathbf{a}/\mathbf{b}]_{q}=[\mathbf{f}/\mathbf{g}]_{q}$. We propose an algorithm to solve the NTRU problem, which runs in$2^{O(\log ^{2}\unicode[STIX]{x1D706})}$time when$\Vert \mathbf{g}\Vert ,\Vert \mathbf{f}\Vert$, and$\Vert \mathbf{g}^{-1}\Vert$are within some range. The main technique of our algorithm is the reduction of a problem on a field to one on a subfield. The GGH scheme, the first candidate of an (approximate) multilinear map, was recently found to be insecure by the Hu–Jia attack using low-level encodings of zero, but no polynomial-time attack was known without them. In the GGH scheme without low-level encodings of zero, our algorithm can be directly applied to attack this scheme if we have some top-level encodings of zero and a known pair of plaintext and ciphertext. Using our algorithm, we can construct a level-$0$encoding of zero and utilize it to attack a security ground of this scheme in the quasi-polynomial time of its security parameter using the parameters suggested by Garg, Gentry and Halevi [‘Candidate multilinear maps from ideal lattices’,Advances in cryptology — EUROCRYPT 2013(Springer, 2013) 1–17].

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Adjei, Alex A., Sumithra J. Mandrekar, Grace K. Dy, Julian R. Molina, Araba A. Adjei, David R. Gandara, Katie L. Allen Ziegler, et al. "Phase II Trial of Pemetrexed Plus Bevacizumab for Second-Line Therapy of Patients With Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: NCCTG and SWOG Study N0426." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 4 (February 1, 2010): 614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.23.6406.

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Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of pemetrexed combined with bevacizumab as second-line therapy for patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to correlate allelic variants in pemetrexed-metabolizing genes with clinical outcome. Patients and Methods Patients with previously treated NSCLC received pemetrexed (500 mg/m2 intravenous) combined with bevacizumab (15 mg/kg intravenous) every 3 weeks. The primary end point, evaluated using a one-stage Fleming design for detecting a true success rate of at least 70%, was the proportion of patients who were progression free and on treatment at 3 months. Polymorphisms in genes responsible for pemetrexed transport (reduced folate carrier [SLC19A1]) and metabolism (folylpolyglutamate synthase [FPGS] and gamma-glutamyl hydrolase [GGH]) evaluated in germline DNA (blood) were correlated with treatment outcome. Results Forty-eight evaluable patients (14 females and 34 males) received a median of four cycles (range, one to 20 cycles). The most common grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic adverse events (AEs) were fatigue (13%), dyspnea (10%), and thrombosis (10%). Grade 3 or 4 hematologic AEs were neutropenia (19%) and lymphopenia (13%). Twenty-four (57%; 95% CI, 41% to 72%) of the first 42 patients met the success criteria. Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) times were 8.6 and 4.0 months, respectively. The exon 6 (2522)C→T polymorphism in SLC19A1 correlated with 3-month progression-free status (P = .01) and with PFS (P = .05). The IVS1(1307)C→T polymorphism in GGH correlated with OS (P = .04). Conclusion The study did not meet its primary end point. However, the median PFS time of 4 months is promising. Pharmacogenetic studies in larger cohorts are needed to definitively identify polymorphisms that predict for survival and toxicity of pemetrexed.

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Hu, Xiaoyu, Qian Zhang, Wei Wang, Zhi Yuan, Xushan Zhu, Bing Chen, and Xingyu Chen. "Tripeptide GGH as the Inhibitor of Copper-Amyloid-β-Mediated Redox Reaction and Toxicity." ACS Chemical Neuroscience 7, no. 9 (August 3, 2016): 1255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00145.

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Journal articles on the topic 'GgH'

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