Journal articles: 'Ghalib'

1

Zaidi, Ali Shehzad. "The Ghalib Translations of Daud Kamal: ‘The Nightingale of a Garden Which is Yet to Come Into Existence’." South Asia Research 40, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728019894760.

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Daud Kamal (1935–87), the preeminent English language poet of Pakistan, left behind many unpublished translations of poems by the classical Urdu poet Mirza Ghalib (1797–1869). This article presents and discusses several of these translations in the light of historical events during Ghalib’s lifetime. Although he endured many personal tragedies, Ghalib attained mystical heights that confirm his stature as the greatest Urdu poet.

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Ghalib, Mirza, and M. Shahid Alam. "Ghazals from Ghalib." Prairie Schooner 85, no. 1 (2011): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2011.0022.

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Khan, Muhammad Asif, Asma Aftab Khan, and Aamer Shaheen. "“Negotiation of Difference”: A Study of the English Translations of Ghalib’s Urdu Ghazal." Global Language Review V, no. II (June 30, 2020): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2020(v-ii).04.

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The Ghazal is a well-known genre of Urdu poetry. The translation of Ghazal into the English language poses specific challenges. Translating Ghalib, one of the greatest ghazal writers, into English, is a special case under consideration. Several translators have produced their versions of Ghalib’s Urdu ghazals. The present study is an effort to evaluate the performance of six translators who rendered a particular ghazal of Ghalib in the English language. The study utilizes the distinction between ‘literal’ and ‘sense-for-sense’ translation as perceived by Nida (2000 [1964]), and Vermeer (2000). The translations have been analyzed on the basis of three research questions which encompass the aspects of the type of translation, the form of the Ghazal, and the poetic appeal. The study offers useful insights into the translation of Ghazal into the English language.

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4

KATAOKA, Hiroji. "Ghalib and His Letters." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 48, no. 1 (1999): 537–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.48.537.

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Hyder, S. A. "Ghalib and His Interlocutors." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 26, no. 3 (January 1, 2006): 462–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-2006-026.

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6

KATAOKA, Hiroji. "Ghalib and Progressive Urdu Literature." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 45, no. 1 (1996): 453–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.45.453.

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7

Pue, A. Sean. "In the mirror of Ghalib." Indian Economic & Social History Review 48, no. 4 (December 2011): 571–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001946461104800404.

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This article focuses on studies of the preeminent Urdu and Persian poet Mirza Asadullah Khan ‘Ghalib’ written for the occasion of his death centennial in 1969 by three Pakistani Urdu writers: Mumtaz Husain, Salim Ahmad and N.M. Rashed. These studies also participate in a debate on Pakistani national culture at a moment when the Urdu literary community was increasingly divided, following the 1965 India–Pakistan war and the emergence of a ‘new generation’ of writers on either side of the border. Each author uses Ghalib to articulate a different model of the individual and his relationship to society and tradition, taking up a theme of Indo-Muslim selfhood that has typically been the site of intersection between literary and cultural politics. Through an examination of these works, this article highlights the role played by discussions of Indo-Muslim selfhood in cultural and literary debates in Urdu.

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8

Goodyear, Sara Suleri, and Azra Raza. "Ghalib and the Art of theGhazal." Transition: An International Review 99 (July 2008): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/trs.2008.-.99.112.

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9

Madden, Ed. "TV Evangelist (after Ghalib, Ghazal 34)." Christianity & Literature 41, no. 3 (June 1992): 381–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014833319204100331.

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10

Hashmi, A. "Mirza Ghalib and his Post Office." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 9, no. 2 (September 1, 1989): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07323867-9-2-75.

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11

Sarma, Dhurjjati. "Marginality in Literary Discourses: Conversations with the Dead in Rabisankar Bal’s Dozakhnama." Space and Culture, India 8, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v8i1.861.

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Rabisankar Bal’s Bengali novel Dozakhnama: Conversations in Hell (translated into English and published in 2012) is an imaginative biography of Mirza Ghalib (1797-1869), and Saadat Hasan Manto (1912-1955) recreated through their conversations from their respective graves. The narrative is enmeshed with the respective historical periods inhabited by the two writers, the first war of Indian independence in 1857 and the Partition in 1947 respectively. It is as if Ghalib bares his heart out to Manto from his grave, while the latter in turn realises that his life too has witnessed a similar kind of socio-cultural and literary marginalisation that destiny determined for both of them. The ‘narrator’ pieces together the traces left behind by the dead themselves and thereby constructs a compelling narrative that resonates in the larger literary and cultural life of India, along with the associated marginalisation of history, politics, and linguistic identities of their times. This study undertakes a comparative examination of the ‘lives’ of both Manto and Ghalib as recreated in the novel through the textual traces left behind by the persons themselves.

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12

Petievich, Carla R., Daud Rahbar, and Mirza Asadu'llah Khan Ghalib. "Urdu Letters of Mirza Asadu'llah Khan Ghalib." Journal of the American Oriental Society 111, no. 1 (January 1991): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603816.

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13

Bloch, Talia. "Intimations of Ghalib, by Alam, M. Shahid." Religion and the Arts 24, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-02403004.

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14

Akhtar, Salman. "Mirza Ghalib introduced me to Professor Wig." Asian Journal of Psychiatry 38 (December 2018): A12—A13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2018.11.008.

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15

KATAOKA, Hiroji. "Quais and Farhad in the Diwan-e-Ghalib." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 44, no. 2 (1996): 928–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.44.928.

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16

KATAOKA, Hiroji. "Diwan-e-Ghalib from the Standpoint of Chronology." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 42, no. 2 (1994): 1021–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.42.1021.

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17

Hyder, Syed Akbar, and Ralph Russell. "The Oxford India Ghalib: Life, Letters and Ghazals." Journal of the American Oriental Society 124, no. 4 (October 2004): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4132132.

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18

Younis, Nazia. "The Poetry of Ghalib and “Raqs-e-Sharar." Makhz 2, no. I (March 31, 2021): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-i)13.

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19

Pritchett, Frances W. "The Sky in an Ant’s Egg: Ġhālib’s Structural Poetics." Journal of Urdu Studies 1, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659050-12340006.

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Abstract Some of the most important structural patterns and devices used in individual ghazal verses by the famous poet Mirza Asadullah Khan ‘Ghalib’ are identified and analyzed; their literary effectiveness is illustrated with examples and discussion. In particular, the paper considers two such patterns. One set of verses have a ‘twist’ to them, such that the reader (or, ideally, hearer) is first misled or confused, then at the last possible moment is suddenly and almost explosively enlightened. Another set of verses create an inherently unresolvable ‘tangle’ of several possible meanings which cannot be either affirmed or rejected on any non-arbitrary grounds. The context-free independence of such small ghazal verses, together with their division into two formally distinct and performatively separated lines, makes for unusual poetic constraints and opportunities. The author has prepared an extensive commentarial website on the poetry of Ghalib and Mir.

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20

KATAOKA, Hiroji. "Ghalib from the Viewpoints of Indian and Pakistani Critics." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 43, no. 1 (1994): 475–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.43.475.

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21

KATAOKA, Hiroji. "The Features of Various Epochs in Diwan-e-Ghalib." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 47, no. 2 (1999): 990–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.47.990.

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22

Rizqi, Yoga Fernando, Djono Djono, and Susanto Susanto. "The Readiness of Private Vocational School Students in Pringsewu Regency in Learning Local History Teaching Materials KH Gholib's Struggle." Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/shes.v3i2.46288.

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By utilizing the development of technology and communication in the 21st century, it is hoped that it can meet the needs of students related to local-based history learning. With the current development of technology and communication, we have felt the impact such as the emergence of various applications with features that can be used to compile and shape teaching materials with digital displays, such as products that have been compiled with the theme KH. Ghalib's struggle. The application used is Flip PDF Professional 2.4.9.18. By utilizing this technology, it is hoped that it can improve students' readiness to study history, especially those based locally. The methodology used in this research is descriptive qualitative. This method is carried out by distributing questionnaires containing questions about the readiness of Pringsewu Private Vocational School students. The findings in two private schools in Pringsewu Regency, namely SMK Nurul Huda and SMK KH Ghalib, show the readiness of students in learning local history teaching materials. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that by utilizing technological and communication advances it can trigger student readiness to learn, especially local-based history learning.

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Rizqi, Yoga Fernando, Djono Djono, and Susanto Susanto. "The Readiness of Private Vocational School Students in Pringsewu Regency in Learning Local History Teaching Materials KH Gholib's Struggle." Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/shes.v3i2.46238.

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By utilizing the development of technology and communication in the 21st century, it is hoped that it can meet the needs of students related to local-based history learning. With the current development of technology and communication, we have felt the impact such as the emergence of various applications with features that can be used to compile and shape teaching materials with digital displays, such as products that have been compiled with the theme KH. Ghalib's struggle. The application used is Flip PDF Professional 2.4.9.18. By utilizing this technology, it is hoped that it can improve students' readiness to study history, especially those based locally. The methodology used in this research is descriptive qualitative. This method is carried out by distributing questionnaires containing questions about the readiness of Pringsewu Private Vocational School students. The findings in two private schools in Pringsewu Regency, namely SMK Nurul Huda and SMK KH Ghalib, show the readiness of students in learning local history teaching materials. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that by utilizing technological and communication advances it can trigger student readiness to learn, especially local-based history learning.

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24

Magdy, Zainab. "“Going Easily Under”: Waguih Ghali’s Diary of Depression." Transfer. Reception Studies 5 (December 31, 2020): 159–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/trs.2020.05.06.

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Egyptian Anglophone writer Waguih Ghali (192? – 1969) has been mostly known for his novel Beer in the Snooker Club (London: Serpent's Tale, 1987) up until his diaries appeared in an online archive dedicated solely to his unpublished papers. A few years ago, the American University in Cairo published Ghali’s diaries into two volumes under the title The Diaries of Waguih Ghali: An Egyptian Writer in the Swinging Sixties (Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2016, 2017). They were released to readers and fans, playing the role of a long awaited second work and also satisfying the general curiosity around his life before his suicide in the late sixties. In May 1964, Ghali started keeping his diary as an attempt to deal with his depression which culminated in his final entry being his suicide note: the trajectory Ghali’s diary takes is that of ‘feeling bad’. Ghali struggles with bouts of depression and although is unable to write more fiction, continues to write about his almost daily battle with mental illness in the practice of keeping the diary. His diaries reveal various emotions that stem out of his depression: sadness, disgust, anger, loneliness, and heartbreak. This paper will trace the affective outpourings of Ghali’s depression within the genre structure of the diary taking into consideration that his diary is not only a diary of depression but also of exile. The paper will attempt to understand how exile as a state of being affects Ghali’s emotional state. Moreover, by connecting how Ghali writes about ‘feeling bad’ in the form of a diary, the paper questions the relationship between his practice as a diarist to his display of such feelings.

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25

Imran, Muhammad, Muhammad Afzaal, Neelum Almas, and Hammad Mushtaq. "Thematic Parallels in Shakespeare and the 19th Century Urdu Poetry: A Comparative Study." Revista da Anpoll 51, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18309/anp.v51i3.1469.

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O presente artigo destaca que, apesar da poesia Urdu no século XIX e o Inglês no tempo de Shakespeare serem a personificação de dois diferentes fatores culturais, sociais, religiosos e ambientais, em suas filosofias básicas, as duas obras compartilham muito daquilo que aparenta ser originário de um mesmo domínio de pensamento. Neste artigo, os autores focalizam apenas na comparação temática de ideia centrais, concentrando-se em tópicos e temas familiares naquele tempo, como vida e morte, amor, o elogio de si mesmo, teoria da compensação, imortalidade, perda e exílio e música. O artigo discute também como os sonetos e peças de Shakespeare e os poetas Ghalib, Mir, Zafar e Zauq, da poesia Urdu do século XIX, apresentam inquietações comuns apesar das fronteiras geográficas e temporais.

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Tariq, Dr Mohammad. "“Mohaserah” of Ahmad Faraz as an Exemplum of Resistance Poetry." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i2.10379.

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The present paper is an introduction of Ahmad Faraz in English and a critical study of his great poem “Mohaserah” (Siege). “Mohaserah” is one of the master pieces of Faraz which requires a wide range of hermeneutics. After Ghalib, Iqbal, and Faiz, he is known as the most influential poet in Urdu humanities. His famous collection is hugely celebrated as “The Bible of Love”. “Mohaserah” is an exemplum of rebel literature which glorifies the integrity of lambent pen. Ahmad Faraz calls himself a sinning poet of righteousness in the bad times and considers poetry a source of creation. Faraz in the poem exposes the classical medieval imagination. “Mohaserah” censures the attack on the freedom of speech, human right and integrity. Glorifying the poet’s pen, the poem ends on a very optimistic note.

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Zaki, M. "Potret Buram Politik Islam Indonesia." Politea : Jurnal Politik Islam 1, no. 2 (April 11, 2019): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/politea.v1i2.816.

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Agama dan politik memiliki relasi yang sangatlah unik, dan menarik. Keduanya kadang bermula dari perseteruan dan bertepi dengan kemesraan. Artikel ini membahas tentang potret politik Islam di Indonesia. Temuan artikel menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia hanyalah sekelumit contoh faktaneka hostoris betapa agama t elah melakukan fungsi kritisnya sebagai medium kritik sosial sebuah masyarakat sekaligus sarana perubahan politik sebuah tatanan kekuasaan. Bukan hanya agama, politik juga sering melawan, mengintimidasi, dan menghancurkan agama. Diskriminasi ulama dan pemuka agama yang ghalib terjadi akhir-akhir ini di setiap jengkal tanah dalam buaian ibu pertiwi adalah faktaneka historis yang tak terbantahkan. Dengan kata lain, hubungan sekaligus nasib agama dan politik akan ditentukan oleh otoritas mana yang paling kuat dan dominan dari keduanya serta bagaimana karakter para elit politik dan elit agama yang kebetulan berkuasa. Jika politik menjadi ‚superordinat‛, maka agama akan berpotensi menjadi ‚subordinat‛. Begitu pula sebaliknya.

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Willianms, Ellery. "Reviewer Acknowledgements." Business and Management Studies 2, no. 4 (November 30, 2016): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v2i4.2035.

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Business and Management Studies (BMS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether BMS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 2, Number 4 Arash Riasi Asad Ghalib Ashford Chea Athina Qendro Christer Thörnqvist Florin Peci Gabriela Antošová Gongyan Yang İzlem Gözükara Julia Stefanova Julio Cesar Puche Regaliza Kenichi Shimizu Mike Rayner Mythili Kolluru Olha Komelina Rashedul Hasan Regina LenartGansiniec Rocsana Tonis Ruoniu Wang Taro Abe Tetiana Paientko Yao Liu Yun Lin Zeki Atıl Bulut Zoran Mastilo Ellery Willianms Editorial Assistant On behalf of, The Editorial Board of Business and Management Studies Redfame Publishing 9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416 Beaverton, OR 97008, USA URL: http://bms.redfame.com

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Tariq, Nida, Iqra Ijaz, Muhammad Kamran Malik, Zubair Malik, and Faisal Bukhari. "Identification of Urdu Ghazal Poets using SVM." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 38, no. 4 (January 1, 2020): 935–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1904.07.

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Urdu literature has a rich tradition of poetry, with many forms, one of which is Ghazal. Urdu poetry structures are mainly of Arabic origin. It has complex and different sentence structure compared to our daily language which makes it hard to classify. Our research is focused on the identification of poets if given with ghazals as input. Previously, no one has done this type of work. Two main factors which help categorize and classify a given text are the contents and writing style. Urdu poets like Mirza Ghalib, Mir Taqi Mir, Iqbal and many others have a different writing style and the topic of interest. Our model caters these two factors, classify ghazals using different classification models such as SVM (Support Vector Machines), Decision Tree, Random forest, Naïve Bayes and KNN (K-Nearest Neighbors). Furthermore, we have also applied feature selection techniques like chi square model and L1 based feature selection. For experimentation, we have prepared a dataset of about 4000 Ghazals. We have also compared the accuracy of different classifiers and concluded the best results for the collected dataset of Ghazals.

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Pritchett, Frances. "Ghalib 1797–1869: Life and Letters. By Ralph Russell and Khurshidul Islam. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994. 404 pp. $12.95 (paper)." Journal of Asian Studies 55, no. 1 (February 1996): 194–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2943686.

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31

Willianms, Ellery. "Reviewer Acknowledgements." Business and Management Studies 1, no. 1 (August 30, 2017): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v3i3.2628.

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Business and Management Studies (BMS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether BMS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 3, Number 3 Andrzej Niemiec, Poznań University of Economics and Business, PolandAsad Ghalib, The University of Manchester, UKAshford Chea, Benedict College, USAChrister Thörnqvist, University of Skövde, SwedenIulia Cristina Muresan, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine ClujNapoca, Romaniaİzlem Gözükara, Istanbul AREL University, TurkeyJulia Stefanova, The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BulgariaKherchi Ishak, UHBC University, AlgeriaMarica Ion Dumitrasco, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MoldovaMartin Sung, Hubei Economic and Finance University, ChinaMike Rayner, University of Portsmouth, UKMohammad Soliman, Fayoum University, EgyptOlha Komelina, Yuri Kondratyuk University, UkraineRashedul Hasan, International Islamic University Malaysia, MalaysiaRegina Lenart-Gansiniec, Jagiellonian University, PolandRocsana Tonis, Spiru Haret University, RomaniaZeki Atıl Bulut, Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey Ellery WillianmsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Business and Management StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://bms.redfame.com

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Rind, Ayaz Ahmad, and Sohail Akhtar. "http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/196." Habibia Islamicus 5, no. 2 (June 17, 2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47720/hi.2021.0502e05.

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Sufi poetry have great influence on the lives of the people of Punjab in Pakistan and among the several important Sufis are famous due to their literary services which they have contributed in the reconstruction of the society. In South Punjab, from Dera Ghazi Khan Division one of the famous Sufi poets is Khawaja Ghulam Farid. His Shire is located at Kot Mithan. Khawaja Fareed is considered important mystic Saraiki poet of South Punjab. His poetry provided oxygen to the society and source of inspiration. The teachings of Khawaja Farid guided the people of the region during colonial Period. He was great critic of Colonial Government and he highlighted the worst aspects superstitious of colonial system. He tried his best to awaken the people through his poetry۔. So that the social and political position of the people can be improved by giving them awareness and they can be saved from humiliating slavery. Although he had mastery of languages as called a poet of seven languages but he is famous for Saraiki poetry and many scholars called him “Ghalib of Saraiki Language’” This research paper covers his socio-political contribution and literary services through Saraiki Poetry for the society during colonial era.

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Pritchett, Frances W. "Mirza Ghalib: A Creative Biography. By Natalia Prigarina. Translated by M. Osama Faruqi. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2000. 361 pp. $38.00 (cloth)." Journal of Asian Studies 61, no. 2 (May 2002): 761–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2700360.

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Matthews, D. "Mirza Ghalib: A Creative Biography By Natalia Prigarina (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 374 pp. Price HB 6.00. ISBN 0-19-577945-2." Journal of Islamic Studies 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jis/12.3.385.

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Gibbs, Nikki. "Reviewer Acknowledgements." Applied Economics and Finance 4, no. 3 (April 28, 2017): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v4i3.2394.

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Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 3Abbas Khandan, Hafez boulevard, IranAli Massoud, Sohag University, EgyptAndrey Kudryavtsev, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, IsraelAnna Jedrzychowska, Wroclaw University, PolandArash Riasi, University of Delaware, USAAsad K. Ghalib, Liverpool Hope University, UKAyoub Taha Sidahmed, SIU, SudanDilshodjon Rakhmonov, Tashkent State University of Economics, UzbekistanHe Nie, Jinan University, ChinaIgor Matyushenko, School of Foreign Economic Relations and Touristic Business, UkraineJose Solana Ibañez, Centro Universitario de la Defensa, SpainKembo Bwana, College of Business Education, TanzaniaLuca Giordano, IOSCO (International Organization of Securities Commissions), ItalyMagdalena Radulescu, University of Pitesti, RomaniaMagdalena Zioło, University of Szczecin, PolandMohammed Alkali Yusuf, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, NigeriaPatrycja Kowalczyk-Rolczynska, Wroclaw University of Economics, PolandPayal Chadha, University of Wales Prifysgol Cymru, KuwaitSherry Jensen, Florida Institute of Technology, USASorin Gabriel Anton, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, RomaniaSzabolcs Blazsek, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, GuatemalaTaro Abe, Nagoya Gakuin University, Department of Economics, JapanY. Saidi, M’sila University, Algeria Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com

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Willianms, Ellery. "Reviewer Acknowledgements." Business and Management Studies 6, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v6i4.5116.

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Business and Management Studies (BMS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether BMS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 4Abdul-Kahar Adam, University of Education, Winneba, GhanaAndrzej Niemiec, Poznań University of Economics and Business, PolandAnnu Tomar, Indian Institute of Management, IndiaAsad Ghalib, The University of Manchester, UKAshford Chea, Benedict College, USAFábio Albergaria de Queiroz, Catholic University of Brasília, BrazilGabriela O. Chiciudean, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaIulia Cristina Muresan, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaIuliana Petronela GÂRDAN, Spiru Haret University, RomaniaJason Caudill, King University, USAKenichi Shimizu, Technical University of Braunschweig, GermanyKonstantinos N. Malagas, University of the Aegean, GreeceMarica Ion Dumitrasco, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MoldovaMichael Okoche, University of South Africa, UgandaMythili Kolluru, College of Banking and Financial Studies, OmanOnur Dogan, Dokuz Eylül University, TurkeySandeep Kumar, Tecnia Institute of Advanced Studies, Affiliated to GGSIP University Delgi, IndiaZoran Mastilo, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Ellery WillianmsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Business and Management StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://bms.redfame.com

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Gibbs, Nikki. "Reviewer Acknowledgements." Applied Economics and Finance 4, no. 5 (August 31, 2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v4i5.2630.

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Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 5Asad K. Ghalib, Liverpool Hope University, UKAyoub Taha Sidahmed, SIU, SudanDilshodjon Rakhmonov, Tashkent State University of Economics, UzbekistanEncarnación Alvarez-Verdejo, University of Granada, SpainErdal Gumus, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, TurkeyEyup Kadioglu, Capital Markets Board, TurkeyGeorge Theocharides, Cyprus International Institute of Management, CyprusGetamesay Bekele Meshesha, Debre Berhan University, EthiopiaIbrahim Baghdadi, Lebanese University, LebanonIgor Matyushenko, School of Foreign Economic Relations and Touristic Business, UkraineLuca Giordano, IOSCO (International Organization of Securities Commissions), ItalyMagdalena Radulescu, University of Pitesti, RomaniaMasonic Lodge, TurkeyNicolas Afflatet, University of the Federal Armed Forces, GermanyNuno Crespo, ISCTEIUL, PortugalPatrycja Kowalczyk-Rolczynska, Wroclaw University of Economics, PolandPayal Chadha, University of Wales Prifysgol Cymru, KuwaitRomeo Victor Ionescu, Dunarea de Jos University, RomaniaRuhet GENC, Turkish-German University, TurkeySherry Jensen, Florida Institute of Technology, USASorin Gabriel Anton, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, RomaniaSteven V. Cates, Kaplan University, USASzabolcs Blazsek, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, GuatemalaTaro Abe, Nagoya Gakuin University, JapanVictoria Cociug, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MoldovaWing-Keung Wong, Asia University, TaiwanZi-Yi Guo, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., USA Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com

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Gibbs, Nikki. "Reviewer Acknowledgements." Applied Economics and Finance 5, no. 3 (April 26, 2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v5i3.3250.

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Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 5, Number 3Aaron Morey, University of Melbourne, AustraliaAli Massoud, Sohag University, EgyptAndrey Kudryavtsev, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, IsraelAsad K. Ghalib, Liverpool Hope University, UKDilshodjon Rakhmonov, Tashkent State University of Economics, UzbekistanEncarnación Alvarez-Verdejo, University of Granada, SpainEyup Kadioglu, Capital Markets Board, TurkeyFarhat Iqbal, University of Balochistan, Quetta – Pakistan. , Pakistan.He Nie, Jinan University, ChinaIbrahim Baghdadi, Lebanese University, LebanonIgor Matyushenko, School of Foreign Economic Relations and Touristic Business, UkraineMagdalena Radulescu, University of Pitesti, RomaniaMagdalena Zioło, University of Szczecin, PolandMarwa Biltagy, Cairo University, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, EgyptMohammed Al-Mahish, King Faisal University, Saudi ArabiaMojeed Idowu John Odumeso-Jimoh, Noble Integrated Resources & Management, NigeriaNuno Crespo, ISCTE-IUL, PortugalPatrycja Kowalczyk-Rolczynska, Wroclaw University of Economics, PolandProf. Aloysius Ajab AMIN, Institute for Development Solutions, Inc, USARamona Orastean, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, RomaniaRichard Nguyen, Alliant International University, USARomeo Victor Ionescu, Dunarea de Jos University, RomaniaSherry Jensen, Florida Institute of Technology, USASteven V. Cates, Kaplan University, USASzabolcs Blazsek, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, Guatemala Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com

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Willianms, Ellery. "Reviewer Acknowledgements." Business and Management Studies 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v4i1.3063.

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Business and Management Studies (BMS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether BMS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 1 Abdul-Kahar Adam, University of Education, Winneba, GhanaAndrzej Niemiec, Poznań University of Economics and Business, PolandAsad Ghalib, The University of Manchester, UKAshford Chea, Benedict College, USAComite Ubaldo, University of Calabria, ItalyDaiane Miranda Freitas, FACISA/Univicosa, BrazilDalia Susniene, Kaunas University of Technology, LithuaniaFlorin Peci, University of Peja, KosovoGabriela O. Chiciudean, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaJulia Stefanova, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BulgariaKonstantinos N. Malagas, University of the Aegean, GreeceLucie Andreisová, University of Economics in Prague, CzechMike Rayner, University of Portsmouth, UKMythili Kolluru, College of Banking and Financial Studies, OmanOleksandr Mosin, National Mining University, UkraineOlha Komelina, Yuri Kondratyuk University, UkraineRashedul Hasan, International Islamic University Malaysia, MalaysiaRegina Lenart-Gansiniec, Jagiellonian University, PolandRocsana Tonis, Spiru Haret University, RomaniaSammy Kimunguyi, Office of The Auditor-General, KenyaTetiana Paientko, Kyiv National Economic Univercity, UkraineUmair Akram, Beijing Univ Posts & Telecommun, PAKISTANWaeibrorheem Waemustafa, Universiti Utara Malaysia, MalaysiaYanzhe Zhang, University of Canberra, AustraliaZeki Atıl Bulut, Dokuz Eylul University, Turkey Ellery WillianmsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Business and Management StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://bms.redfame.com

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عاصم عبد الكريم, إسلام. "ظهور شعار بني نصر على مقابض الأبواب بمسجد أحمد سالم الشهير بالصيني بالإسكندرية (The Appearance of Nasrid Motto on the Doorknobs of Ahmad Salem’s Mosque, Known as Elsainy in Alexandria)." Abgadiyat 7, no. 1 (2012): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138609-00701014.

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The unique appearance of Nasrid motto “La ghalib ila Allah” (there is no victor other than god) on the doorknobs in Ahmad Salem Mosque, which was built in 1930, by Italian architects and designers, reflects the influence of the Andalusian art on the Islamic buildings. Many reasons could explain this influence, as the historical and religious relationship between Andalusia and Alexandria, by a lot of immigrants who came to the city and became the most famous Imams in the city. Moreover, the Italian architects and designers who were managing the largest part of the construction business in Alexandria, in the first decade of twentieth century, their studies of the Islamic Art in their country before they move to Egypt, concentrated on the Andalusian art, due to that their work in the Islamic religious buildings was influenced by the Andalusian art. Through a concentrated study in the meaning of the motto, and relating it to the conditions of constructing Ahmad Salem Mosque, and taking into consideration the remaining inscriptions in the Mosque, it becomes clear that one of the main reasons of inscribing the Nasrid motto was a reflection of Ahmad Salem‘s status after building the Mosque, showing and telling everyone that God helps everyone with good intent, and He helped me in constructing this Mosque. This means that this motto was not just copied words and art from Alhambra Palace, in Turkey; but it was selected intentionally by the owner and the designer of the Mosque. (Please note that this article is in Arabic)

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Pritchett, Frances. "The Oxford India Ghalib: Life, Letters, and Ghazals. By Russell Ralph. New Delhi and New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. viii, 572 pp. Rs 1125/$39.95 (cloth)." Journal of Asian Studies 63, no. 3 (August 2004): 833–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911804002153.

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Akanbi, Mohammed Lawal, Dorcas Odunayo Ogunleye, and Kabir Alabi Sulaiman. "Application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Dissemination of Information in Selected Special Libraries in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria." Record and Library Journal 6, no. 1 (April 13, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/rlj.v6-i1.2020.1-13.

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Background of the study: This study examined the Application of ICT in Dissemination of Information in Selected Special Libraries in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. Three Special libraries from the metropolis of the state comprised the sample population of the study; Central Bank of Nigeria Library, Michael Imoudu Institute of Labor Studies Library and Ghalib Chamber Library.Purpose: The study employed a survey research design using the Enumeration sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to obtain data from the respondents. The population of the study consisted of twenty-one (21) respondents which comprised of library professionals and library assistants. The usage of Email to render CAS is not a norm in these special libraries.Method: Data collected from the field were analyzed using descriptive method of analysis.Findings: Apart from CAS, it was found that selective dissemination of information (SDI) is not done with the aid of technological tools in these Libraries and these libraries rarely make use of OPAC to provide easy access to their resources, efficiency and effectiveness of ICT in the dissemination of information were not realized because of the low usage of ICT to drive operations in the library. The study recommended that there should be a standard alternative source of power for proper Usage of ICT facilities and management of special libraries should help their users in subscribed for a database that would assist them in having access to robust information.Conclusion: The study concluded that ICT facilities are put in place in the selected special libraries are not adequate and are as well not fully utilized. It was gathered that the usage of ICT facilities to render services like current awareness services (CAS) is not up to expectation.

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Oesterheld, Christina. "Pritchett, Frances / Cornwall, Owen T.A. (Hg.): Ghalib. Selected Poems and Letters. New York: Columbia University Press 2017. VIII, 224 S. 8°. Hartbd. US-$ 50,00. ISBN 978-0-231182-06-5." Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 115, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/olzg-2020-0087.

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Gibbs, Nikki. "Reviewer Acknowledgements." Applied Economics and Finance 4, no. 6 (November 2, 2017): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v4i6.2756.

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Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 6Aaron Morey, University of Melbourne, AustraliaAli Massoud, Sohag University, EgyptAndrey Kudryavtsev, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, IsraelAsad K. Ghalib, Liverpool Hope University, UKAyoub Taha Sidahmed, SIU, SudanDilshodjon Rakhmonov, Tashkent State University of Economics, UzbekistanDyah Wulan Sari, Airlangga University, IndonesiaErdal Gumus, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, TurkeyEyup Kadioglu, Capital Markets Board, TurkeyGeorge Theocharides, Cyprus International Institute of Management, CyprusGetamesay Bekele Meshesha, Debre Berhan University, EthiopiaHe Nie, Jinan University, ChinaIan McFarlane, University of Reading, UKIbrahim Baghdadi, Lebanese University, LebanonIgor Matyushenko, School of Foreign Economic Relations and Touristic Business, UkraineJin Yong Yang, Hankook University of Foreign Studies, KoreaKembo Bwana, College of Business Education, TanzaniaLuca Giordano, IOSCO (International Organization of Securities Commissions), ItalyMagdalena Radulescu, University of Pitesti, RomaniaMagdalena Zioło, University of Szczecin, PolandMahmoud Mohammed Sabra, Al Azhar University-Gaza, PalestineMarco Muscettola, Independent Researcher-Credit Risk Manager, ItalyMohammed Al-Mahish, King Faisal University, Saudi ArabiaMurad Harasheh, University of Milan-Bicocca, ItalyNicolas Afflatet, University of the Federal Armed Forces, GermanyNuno Crespo, ISCTE-IUL, PortugalOlena Sokolovska, Research Institute of Fiscal Policy, State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, UkrainePatrycja Kowalczyk-Rolczynska, Wroclaw University of Economics, PolandPayal Chadha, University of Wales Prifysgol Cymru, KuwaitRamona Orastean, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, RomaniaRichard Nguyen, Alliant International University, USARomeo Victor Ionescu, Dunarea de Jos University, RomaniaSzabolcs Blazsek, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, GuatemalaTaro Abe, Nagoya Gakuin University, JapanVictoria Cociug, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MoldovaWoodrow Clark II, Clark Strategic Partners, United States, USAZi-Yi Guo, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., USANikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com

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Gibbs, Nikki. "Reviewer Acknowledgements." Applied Economics and Finance 6, no. 2 (March 21, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v6i2.4165.

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Applied Economics and Finance (AEF) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 2 Mahmoud Mohammed Sabra, Al Azhar University-Gaza, PalestineGeorge Theocharides, Cyprus International Institute of Management, CyprusRamona Orastean, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, RomaniaIgor Matyushenko, School of Foreign Economic Relations and Touristic Business, UkraineSteven V. Cates, Purdue University-Global, USAMagdalena Zioło, University of Szczecin, PolandVictoria Cociug, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MoldovaJolita Vveinhardt, Lithuanian Sports University, LithuaniaIan McFarlane, University of Reading, UKPatrycja Kowalczyk-Rolczynska, Wroclaw University of Economics, PolandGetamesay Bekele Meshesha, Debre Berhan University, EthiopiaNicolas Afflatet, University of the Federal Armed Forces, GermanyMarco Muscettola, Independent Researcher-Credit Risk Manager, ItalyY. Saidi, M’sila University, AlgeriaSorin Gabriel Anton, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, RomaniaRichard Nguyen, Alliant International University, USASzabolcs Blazsek, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, GuatemalaAaron Morey, University of Melbourne, AustraliaFarhat Iqbal, University of Balochistan, Quetta – Pakistan. , PakistanHichem Maraghni, University of Taibah, TunisiaLuca Giordano, CONSOB, ItalyRomeo Victor Ionescu, Dunarea de Jos University, RomaniaSebastian Schich, Organisation for Economic Coopertaion and Development (OECD), FranceNuno Crespo, ISCTE-IUL, PortugalAndrey Kudryavtsev, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, IsraelZi-Yi Guo, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., USAAsad K. Ghalib, Liverpool Hope University, UKPayal Chadha, University of Wales Prifysgol Cymru, KuwaitMagdalena Radulescu, University of Pitesti, RomaniaOlena Sokolovska, Research Institute of Fiscal Policy, State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, UkraineHe Nie, Jinan University, ChinaIbrahim Baghdadi, Lebanese University, LebanonMamdouh Abdelmoula M. Abdelsalam, Minufiya University, EgyptDimitrios Koumparoulis, University of the People, USARajeev Rana, APB Govt. P.G. College, InidaZuzana Janko, San Francisco State University, USAKaveh Dalvand, University of Delaware, United States Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com

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Bin Abdullah, Yasir. "Metode Penulisan Kitab Gharib Al-Hadith Serta Pengaruhnya pada Perkembangan Ilmu Hadis." Tadabbur: Jurnal Peradaban Islam 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/tadabbur.v2i1.83.

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The golden age of Islam was in the second and third ages of the Hijri. In that century, Islam had many stories of the greatness of Muslims and treasures of Islam in writing are also very many. One of the most popular Kitabs of the time was Kitab Gharib al-Hadith Abu `Ubayd al-Qasim ibn Sallam al-Harawi. Ulema were amazed because completely contents presenting, so that the Ulema were happy with the Kitab because there’s of what they needed. The Lafaz Gharib Hadiths and it’s explanations is known contens, then how is the method of writing the Kitab Gharib al-Hadith created by Abu `Ubayd al-Qasim bin Sallam al-Harawi? And also, the Kitab is favored by the next Ulema, so how does development influences of the Kitab to the next Gharib al-Hadith? The two big questions will be answered by using descriptive analysis methods in primary data and secondary data. The proces of data analysis uses inductive patterns model. To get answers to these questions, this research by using Library Research. Result the research is that Kitab Gharib al-Hadith created by Abu `Ubayd has the following writing methods : 1. Abwab al-Musnad Method, 2. Naqd al-Sanad Method, 3. Wajiz al-Kitabah Method, 4. Tafsil al-Bayan Method, 5. The Perpose Method on a Hadith, 6. Method of using al-Ma'thur, 7. Method of Using al-Qadaya al-Lughah. In this addition, Abu `Ubayd's Kitab Gharib al-Hadith has a good influence to Ulema who lived with him and after him, among others : there are Ulema who reference the Hadith as Hujjah, there are Ulema who rewrite the Gharib al-Hadith, there are Ulema continue the writing of Gharib al-Hadith, there are the Ulema summarizing the Gharib al-Hadith al-Harawi, there are Ulema who follow the method of writing the Gharib al-Hadith al-Harawi, and there are Ulema who make new methods. In conclusion, Abu `Ubayd's Kitab Gharib al-Hadith has 7 methods in writing. In this addition, this Kitab has a major influence on Islamic treasures, thanks to the Kitab was born other Kitabs both one field and another.

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Goldschmidt, Arthur. "The Butrus Ghali Family." Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 30 (1993): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40000236.

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SALEHIFAR, Mostafa, Babak RABIEI, Mansour AFSHAR MOHAMMADIAN, and Jafar ASGHARI. "Physiological and Fluorescence Reaction of Four Rice Genotypes to Exogenous Application of IAA and Kinetin under Drought Stress." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 378–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb9310091.

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To assess the effects of IAA and Kinetin plant growth regulators in order to improve the drought tolerance in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L.), a factorial experiment was carried out based on complete randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors included different rice genotypes [‘Gharib’, ‘Khazar’, ‘Sepidrood’ and ‘IR83750 -131-1’ (‘IR83750’ )], drought stress from 1 to 4 code of the Vergara coding system and control (normal irrigation) and growth regulators in three levels (IAA and Kinetin through foliar spraying and non-application as control). The results indicated, under normal irrigation condition together with IAA application, ‘IR83750’ rice had the highest number of tillers and leaf greenness, with mean of 18.27 and 49.46, respectively. The highest amount of leaf relative water content) 95.11 percent) was related to ‘Sepidrood’. Under drought stress condition, the highest electrolyte leakage (36.59 percent) was observed in ‘Gharib’. In drought condition, the highest leaf drying score was related to ‘Gharib’ in both years, but the highest score of leaf rolling index (9) was observed in ‘Gharib’ and ‘Khazar’. The present findings showed that drought stress had harmful effects in all examined genotypes and the impact in susceptible genotypes (‘Gharib’ and ‘Khazar’) was more than ‘IR83750’ and ‘Sepidrood’. Application of growth regulators (IAA and Kin) improved conditions for the growth of all genotypes. Therefore, using the tolerant genotypes along with growth regulators can improve the rice growth traits.

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Maksoud, Clovis. "Boutros-Ghali's Memoirs: Egypt's Road to Jerusalem: A Diplomat's Story of the Struggle for Peace in the Middle East. . Boutros Boutros-Ghali." Journal of Palestine Studies 27, no. 2 (January 1998): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.1998.27.2.00p0044q.

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Rozaanah. "MUSYKIL I’RAB AL-QURAN AL-KARIM WA GHARIBUHU." WARAQAT : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 4, no. 2 (October 6, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51590/waraqat.v4i2.92.

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Musykil i’rab al-quran secara leksikal berarti merupakan kesalahan-kesalahan perubahan yang terjadi pada akhir kata baik secara lafazh atau taqdirnya pada kalam Allah yang diturunkan kepada Nabi Muhammad saw. Dilihat pada beberapa contoh dari ayat al-quran memang secara zhahirnya seolah-olah terdapat kesalahan di dalam i’rab, seperti kata “washhabiriina” di dalam al-quran surah Al-Baqarah ayat 177 dan kata “’asyarah” di dalam al-quran surah al-Baqarah ayat 196. Namun jika ditelusuri sebenarnya tidak ada terdapat kesalahan i’rab pada ayat al-quran tersebut. Begitupun dengan Gharib al-quran, ialah kata yang sifatnya jauh atau samar dari kepahaman. Gharib al-quran merupakan ilmu al-quran yang membahas mengenai arti kata dari kata-kata yang ganjil dalam al-quran yang tidak biasa digunakan dalam percakapan sehari-hari. Seperti kata “bishshabri” di dalam al-quran surat al-Baqarah ayat 45. Gharib al qur’an terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu; 1) hal yang jauh makananya serta samar, yang hanya dapat dipahami setelah melalui proses pemikiran yang dalam, dan 2) perkataan seseorang yang rumahnya jauh dari kabilah Arab sehingga jika kalimat tersebut diungkapkan kepada kita (orang non Arab) maka otomatis kita langsung menganggapnya aneh.Adapun hikmah musykil i’rab dan gharib al-quran al-Karim ini adalah mengundang tumbuhnya penalaran ilmiyah, mengambil perhatian umat, dan memperoleh keyakinan terhadap eksistensi al qur’an sebagai kalam Allah.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ghalib'

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