Academic literature on the topic 'Ghana – Economic conditions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ghana – Economic conditions"
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Apau, Richard, and Athenia Bongani Sibindi. "The effect of bank-specific dynamics on profitability under changing economic conditions: Evidence from Ghana." Banks and Bank Systems 18, no. 4 (November 21, 2023): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.18(4).2023.15.
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Analysts continue to demand explanations for the continuous flow of depositors’ and investors’ funds to persistently underperforming banks, while universal banking is premised on the ability to outperform the market. This study examines the effect of bank-level factors on the profitability of banks under changing economic conditions, using a dynamic panel system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique for panel data collected from 18 universal banks in Ghana. The data collection period was from 2007 to 2021. The analysis revealed that lagged return on assets, capital adequacy ratio, and deposit to total asset ratio have a positive influence on bank profitability, whereas lagged return on equity, bank size, expenditure, and asset quality negatively impact profitability. While the effect of these variables on profitability is expected considering the literature, the evidence obtained for asset quality is inconsistent with the explanations in the literature as an increase in asset quality is expected to drive an impressive trend in profitability. Furthermore, a negative relationship was found to exist between economic growth and bank performance when economic expansion exerts a deteriorating effect on the returns on bank assets. This can be linked to the dispersion of investors’ and customers’ funds to other investments, which limits the amount of funds available to the banks to grant credits for interest income. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that bank-specific dynamics adapt to changes in economic conditions which can be explained by the normative guidelines of the Adaptive Market Hypothesis.
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Ofosu-Anim, Duke O., and Seung-Hee Back. "Indigenous Community Development Practices as a Substratum in Designing Poverty Alleviation Policies for Ghana: Lessons from South Korea’s Saemaul Movement." Journal of Asian Research 4, no. 2 (March 25, 2020): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jar.v4n2p1.
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Saemaul Movement was a community-based rural poverty alleviation policy of South Korea in the 1970s which contributed to ending poverty in rural communities. Its success can be attributed to how Koreans made use of indigenous community practices in policy design. The objective of the research was to evaluate the adaptation of Saemaul in Ghana, focusing on similarities in economic conditions and indigenous practices. The research utilised literature, interviews, and observations as the basis of methodology. The research findings revealed that the rural economic conditions in South Korea before Saemaul Movement was introduced was very similar to Ghana’s current rural economic indicators, which presents a reliable basis for comparative analysis on adaptation of Saemaul Movement in Ghana. Interviewees made a case for replicability of SM in Ghana. The results point to the existence of many similar indigenous rural community development practices which are prevalent in both case countries, and a possibility of developing poverty alleviation policies in Ghana based on existing indigenous practices as evidenced in the South Korean Saemaul Movement case. The researchers conclude that for poverty alleviation policies to work in Ghana, efforts in policy design must be based on utilising existing indigenous practices of rural communities.
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Tuffour, Joseph Kwadwo, and Thelma Mensah. "The Effects of Governance Type and Economic Crises on Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in Ghana." Foreign Trade Review 53, no. 2 (March 22, 2018): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732517734026.
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Global foreign direct investment (FDI) flows have increased rapidly over the last few decades. However, Ghana has not attracted much of this FDI. Investors are driven mostly by profit maximization and hence decisions to invest in an unfamiliar territory are often based on the economic and political conditions of this new territory. The current study investigates the effect of the state of governance and economic crises on FDI inflows to Ghana. Using time series data from 1960 to 2015, Vector Error Correction Mechanism results show that democratic governance has the tendency to positively influence FDI inflows while periods of economic crises are likely to reduce FDI inflows to Ghana in the long run. Depreciation of the Ghana Cedi reduces FDI inflows but market size has a positive influence on FDI inflows. Increase in labour skills and the level of openness have positive effects on FDI inflows. In the short run, economic crises in the last three years have negative effects on present FDI inflows while democratic governance in the past year positively influences FDI inflows. It is recommended that democratic governance should be maintained to enhance FDI inflows. Also, efforts to avoid economic crises especially institutional shocks absorbers are key to maintain FDI inflows to Ghana. JEL: P33, P45, E02, O55
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Bathuure, Isaac Akpemah. "Government Expenditure and Economic Growth Nexus in Ghana." International Journal of Economic Policy 4, no. 1 (January 13, 2024): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijecop.1618.
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Purpose: Economic growth is widely regarded as a crucial indicator of economic advancement within a nation, as it has significant implications for the provision of state benefits, the improvement of living standards, and the generation of employment opportunities. The present study employed a time series analysis spanning from 1983 to 2018, focusing on Ghana, in order to comprehensively examine the diverse impact of both aggregate and disaggregated government expenditure and debt on the country's economic growth.
Methodology: The study conducted initial examinations, including unit root tests, cointegration tests, and correlation matrices, to determine the statistical reliability and validity of the data series for the research. The long-run parameters were estimated using the two-stage least square regression method, the autoregressive distributed lag method, and the threshold regression method.
Findings: Based on our research, it has been determined that government expenditure exerts a positive and statistically significant influence on overall economic growth. However, when examining the disaggregated effects, it becomes evident that consumption expenditure has a positive and significant impact on economic growth, whereas capital expenditure has a negative effect on economic growth.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy (Recommendations): In relation to the prevailing economic conditions characterised by periods of prosperity or recession, it is evident that the government should prioritise its attention towards external debt rather than domestic debt during times of economic expansion. Moreover, during periods of economic downturn, it is imperative for the government to prioritise foreign direct investment as a means of financing its budget, rather than relying on debt
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Vanderpuye, Inez Naaki, Samuel Antwi Darkwah, and Iva Živělová. "The System of Land Ownership and Its Effect on Agricultural Production: The Case of Ghana." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 5 (April 15, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n5p57.
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Most African continents have pressing issues on individual rights to property and natural resources, given the relatively poor economic conditions and the belief of personal ownership to a property right (Joireman, 2008). Ghana, like many African countries like Mozambique and Uganda, have laws to the right of property that is the traditional system of land rights. Most of the African countries depend on the large share of natural capital from the natural resources for the economic growth of the country. Some emerging economies can have sustained economic growth due to their reliance on natural resources such as oil and gas. This paper investigates property rights, land ownership, and land inheritance and their effect on agricultural production in Ghana. To undertake this research, a sample of 35 respondents were analysed using the SPSS software. The analysis was based on characteristics such as gender, age, and educational level of the respondents. The research results indicate that men inherit more than women, and family ownership is the most popular type of land inheritance in Ghana. Also, people with a lower level of education are likely to inherit the land and own land. Finally, the patrilineal system is the most popular system of inheritance in Ghana.
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Alidu, Seidu Mahama, and Gbensuglo Alidu Bukari. "Ethnic undercurrent and macro-level determinants of voter participation in Ghana’s 2012 election: Implications for the 2020 national elections." Legon Journal of the Humanities 31, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 145–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ljh.v31i1.6.
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In this paper we analyze the ethnic undercurrent and macro-level determinants influencing voter participation in Ghana based on aggregate district-level data. The paper focuses on the determinants that influenced citizens’ political participation in the 2012 Presidential elections of the Fourth Republic of Ghana and their implications for the December 2020 national elections. The unique approach of this paper is that district-level aggregate data on economic characteristics compiled by the Ghana Statistical Service are synchronised with district-level national presidential election results compiled by the Electoral Commission of Ghana to ascertain the determinants of participation. The analysis is based on the concept of the “Average District Voter” which is analyzed using district-level census data combined with national election results. Statistical analysis was used to complementarily assess the determinants of voter participation in the Ghanaian 2012 presidential elections. The results of the analysis thus established two major points; that ethnic identification with regard to the two major ethnic groups in Ghana (i.e., the Asantes and the Ewes) has clearly influenced voter turnout, and second, that worsening socio-economic conditions played a role in voter turnout in the 2012 presidential elections and these issues will ultimately determine the winner of the 2020 national elections.
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Alidu, Seidu Mahama, and Gbensuglo Alidu Bukari. "Ethnic undercurrent and macro-level determinants of voter participation in Ghana’s 2012 election: Implications for the 2020 national elections." Legon Journal of the Humanities 31, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 145–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ljh.v31i1.6.
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In this paper we analyze the ethnic undercurrent and macro-level determinants influencing voter participation in Ghana based on aggregate district-level data. The paper focuses on the determinants that influenced citizens’ political participation in the 2012 Presidential elections of the Fourth Republic of Ghana and their implications for the December 2020 national elections. The unique approach of this paper is that district-level aggregate data on economic characteristics compiled by the Ghana Statistical Service are synchronised with district-level national presidential election results compiled by the Electoral Commission of Ghana to ascertain the determinants of participation. The analysis is based on the concept of the “Average District Voter” which is analyzed using district-level census data combined with national election results. Statistical analysis was used to complementarily assess the determinants of voter participation in the Ghanaian 2012 presidential elections. The results of the analysis thus established two major points; that ethnic identification with regard to the two major ethnic groups in Ghana (i.e., the Asantes and the Ewes) has clearly influenced voter turnout, and second, that worsening socio-economic conditions played a role in voter turnout in the 2012 presidential elections and these issues will ultimately determine the winner of the 2020 national elections.
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Adjei, P. O. "Re-denomination of the Cedi: Essential Issues and Challenges." Pentvars Business Journal 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2007): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.62868/pbj.v1i1.25.
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In the last quarter of 2006, Ghana decided to redenominate its currency, the cedi, in July 2007. This generated a lot of arguments and debates in the country. The exercise was seen as waste of scarce resources. Many people did not even understand the term. It is therefore important to attempt a write up that perhaps will try to answer some of the questions on the re-denomination of the cedi. The study takes a look at what re-denomination is all about and the extent to which some countries had redenominated their currency over the years. A review was made of similar exercises in Zimbabwe, Turkey and Romania in recent times. The conditions needed for a smooth redenomination and the prevailing economic conditions in Ghana are analyzed here. The paper also looks at the history of re-denomination in Ghana and the way forward for a smooth exercise.
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Amponsah, R. Amponsah. "Infrastructural projects implementations challenges in Ghana." Pentvars Business Journal 7, no. 1 (September 30, 2013): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.62868/pbj.v7i1.103.
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The lack of efficient systems in the Ministries, Departments and Agencies to analyze and report on both Government and donor funded infrastructural projects has hampered the rate of infrastructural project implementation in the country. To make matters worse, the challenge of MDAs having to deal with different reporting rules, multi DP procurement processes and lending conditions have been overwhelming, eating up scarce administrative resources that could be put to better use. This study sought to investigate the role of administrative, leadership, and project management competencies in infrastructural project implementation challenges in Ghana. It provides appropriate recommendations to relevant stakeholders, such as the government, Private Sector, development partners, and relevant NGOs. The research covered six key sectors, namely: the Ministries of Finance and Economic Planning; Roads and Highways; Local Government and Rural Development; Energy; Transport; and Water Resources; Sanitation, Works and Housing. It engaged six key development partners (both bi lateral and multilateral agencies) namely the World Bank; Chinese Republic, African Development Bank; German Development Agency (KfW); the French Development Agency, and the European Union Delegation. The Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MoFEP) was the main fulcrum of this study.
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Standhope, Anamoa-Pokoo, Margaret Badasu Delali, and O. A. Urzha. "Assessing the Assets and Welfare Conditions of the Left-Behind Migrant Households in the Ekumfi District of Ghana." Contemporary problems of social work 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2412-5466-2020-6-2-79-87.
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the study assessed the assets and welfare conditions of the left-behind migrant households in the Ekumfi District of Ghana during the absence of remittance receipts. The Asset-Based Welfare Paradigm informed the study. Using the multi-stage sampling procedure, 377 left-behind migrant household heads were sampled and administered with survey questionnaires. Descriptive statistical methods and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used for data analyses. This was supplemented with in-depth interviews from eight key informants. The results showed that apart from food, economic and financial indices, the other existing stocks of assets did not enhance the welfare conditions of the left-behind migrant households. The study concluded that generally left-behind migrant households had depriving assets and welfare conditions during the absence of remittance receipts. Additionally, government’s social intervention and development programmes enhanced the assets and welfare conditions of the left-behind migrant households. The study therefore recommended that the Government of Ghana should extend the provision of social support services beyond free healthcare and education and include basic asset indices such as housing, water, sanitation, economic, financial, food, gender equity and access to social organisation to cushion the welfare conditions of the left-behind migrant households during the absence of remittance receipts.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ghana – Economic conditions"
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Heirman, Jonas Leo. "The impact of international actors on domestic agricultural policy : a comparison of cocoa and rice in Ghana." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:980ac41f-a591-4e23-ab16-deb6df121573.
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The global financial and food crisis of 2007 and 2008 was followed by a surge in foreign interest and investment in African agriculture. Renewed global interest in African agriculture was also accompanied by an increase in international efforts to influence domestic agricultural policies, including in Ghana. In the context of an increasingly globalised food regime and integrated commodity markets, this thesis answers the question: to what extent do international actors impact domestic agricultural policies in Ghana? Policy 'impact' is understood as the marked influence that international actors have on policy goals and the resources, institutions, and knowledge used for achieving them. This thesis compares case studies of cocoa and rice policy over two different periods in Ghana's recent history (1983-1995 and 2003-2012) to understand how international actors use their power and resources to impact agricultural policies. The comparison of cocoa and rice policy is used to address two gaps in existing literature by examining how the impact of international actors relates to: 1) the political economy for a specific crop; and 2) the interaction between actors at international, national and local levels. Findings from the comparative analysis are then used to test existing theories for how international actors influence government policy in Africa more generally. In particular, findings provide new insights into how the impact of international actors on African agricultural policies is strongly associated with the effect of policy decisions on the longer-term political economy for a particular crop.
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Lain, Jonathan. "Essays on self-employment in Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8fe67edf-8aac-4de2-b6cd-e60115a95788.
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Informal sectors in developing countries provide a substantial pool of jobs for some of the world's poorest people. Self-employment comprises a large portion of the job opportunities available to individuals working in these sectors. This thesis is concerned with the factors that drive people to become self-employed and determine their welfare as an entrepreneur, with a special emphasis on differences between women and men. In Chapter 1, we explain the Ghanaian context to which this thesis relates and outline the contribution of each main chapter and the common themes. In Chapters 2 and 3, we examine the trade-off between domestic work, such as caring for children and household chores, and market work. In Chapter 2, we consider the extent to which individuals are able to substitute between these two tasks to adjust to short-run variation in domestic productivity brought about by outages in electricity. We find that self-employed workers adjust non-monotonically to changes in domestic productivity, initially increasing their levels of domestic work to preserve consumption levels, but then substituting towards market work when power outages become more severe. We show that this relationship is heterogeneous by sex, and build a model of time allocation to demonstrate the theoretical mechanisms behind these results. In Chapter 3 we examine whether the factors that drive occupational selection differ by sex. It is often argued that women choose jobs in self-employment because this allows them to balance income-generation with childcare and other domestic work. We test the plausibility of this claim and its implications for labour market outcomes. First, we use a simple model of occupational choice to clarify our ideas about which notions of 'job flexibility' are important for the Ghanaian context. Second, we examine whether differential selection forces between women and men may explain the raw sex earnings gaps that appear to persist in various sectors, using a multinomial logit model to adjust for non-random occupational selection. We find that controlling for selection substantially widens the earnings gap amongst the self-employed, but shrinks it for the wage-employed. Third, we interrogate our selection equations and show that domestic obligations increase women's likelihood of entering low-input self-employment jobs more than men. We assess the importance of endogeneity using a maximum simulated likelihood estimator to couch the idea that selection on observables can be used as a guide for selection on unobservables, focussing on the discrete choice made over occupation. In Chapter 4, we turn to theory to try and resolve some of the empirical puzzles that remain from Chapter 3. In particular, we attempt to reconcile the fact that female participation in self-employment is so high even when the average differences in potential earnings are large. To do this, we construct a search model, which allows for individual heterogeneity and participation in both self- and wage-employment, as well as discrimination against female workers in the wage sector. We numerically solve and simulate this model, using calibrations from the existing literature, to explain a set of stylised facts generated from a longitudinal dataset of workers in urban Ghana. We show that wage sector discrimination leads to average earnings gaps in \emph{all} sectors of the economy, even if the underlying ability distribution is the same for both sexes. We also conduct a series of experiments to examine how women and men may be affected differently by government policy. Finally, in Chapter 5 we connect our main findings to policy and make some suggestions for future work.
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Wassiuw, Abdul Rahaman. "Price change and households' welfare in Ghana (1991-2013)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47400/.
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Given the growing world population and income in emerging economies, increased demand for food and feed crops for the production of bio-fuels, and greater frequency and intensity of weather-related disasters in different parts of the world due to climate change, global food prices are expected to increase. Food importing developing countries are vulnerable to these price increases and associated price volatility as poor households would be the most severely affected. While there are extensive empirical studies on the effect of food price increases and volatility on household welfare in developed and developing countries, little is known about African countries. This thesis contributes to the literature on Africa, specifically Ghana using three waves of the Ghana Living Standard Survey (GLSS) to measure the effect of food price increases on household welfare between 1991 and 2013 and addressing the effect of price volatility with a measure of households’ willingness to pay for price stability. A number of contributions are made in this thesis. First, an application of both a parametric and non-parametric analysis to the GLSS shows that budget share equations require including a higher expenditure term to appropriately explain consumer behaviour; the non-linear Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System expenditure model is the best fit for the GLSS data. Second, an analysis of the consumption patterns of cereal and cereal products shows variation in consumption patterns across time and different groups of households. For example, bread is considered a necessity while maize was a luxury in 1991/92 and 1998/99 but a necessity in 2012/13, showing a case of where a commodity is a luxury at some point and a necessity at another time. Commodity groups such as root, tubers & plantain, meat, fish and oil & fat products are considered luxuries while bread & cereals are considered necessities. Third, welfare effects calculated for three periods of price changes show there are differences in magnitude for each period, and in all periods a higher proportion of poorer household food expenditure is needed to compensate for observed price increases than for non-poor households. However, within poorer households, we find that rural poor households suffered more from price increases than urban poor households. There are also significant regional differences in welfare effects across periods, with households in the Savannah zone suffering more from observed price changes in all periods. Finally, while the average rural household is a net producer of maize and millet but a net purchaser of rice, rural households are more price risk averse with respect to the price of rice. If substitution between the prices of maize, rice and millet are ignored, 13 per cent of income of the average rural household is required to stabilise prices of all three commodities. However, if substitution is allowed for, the average rural household will be willing to pay 9 per cent of income to stabilise the price of all three commodities at the same time. This suggests that ignoring substitution between prices lead to overestimation of household Willingness-To-Pay (WTP) to stabilise prices of maize, rice and millet in Ghana.
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Osei, Collins. "UK foreign direct investment in Ghana : determinants and implications." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2014. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/7562.
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The aim of this study is to empirically investigate the relative significance of the determinants of UK foreign direct investment (FDI) in Ghana. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)'s World Investment Report in 2013, developing countries outperformed developed countries as recipients of FDI, and it is crucial that Ghana competes to increase its share in this positive trend. It is believed that Africa needs to target some countries and even some companies rather than adopt generic strategies if their promotional activities to attract FDI are to be effective. In Ghana's case, one of the priorities to increase its share of FDI and subsequently that of Africa could be to reverse the declining trend of inward FDI from the UK, which was Ghana's leading source of FDI until recently. By applying the OLI paradigm in the context of UK FDI to Ghana, the study provides a template of how FDI from a particular country may be attracted by analysing the determining factors from the perspective of companies already experienced in the market. This study adopted explanatory mixed research method in accordance with the pragmatic research philosophy. This enabled all the 286 contactable UK companies in Ghana to be reached through the survey method. Then based on the initial analysis of 101 usable responses in SPSS, representing 35 per cent response rate, eight sequential interviews were conducted through convenience sampling. The interviews were deductively analysed by manually categorising the responses according to the questions asked, in order to build explanations of the survey findings. Consistent with the OLI paradigm, the research revealed that all the surveyed companies possess ownership advantages such as strong brands, or the potential to develop strong brands, unique products, management and marketing know-how and transferrable experience from similar markets, all of which are crucial for successful investment in Ghana. However, for Ghana to retain UK companies in the country and attract more, favourable locational factors identified in the study need to be provided and nurtured. These include reliable infrastructure, enhanced market size, political stability and continuity, opportunities for agglomeration and a functioning regulatory framework which augment different degrees of internalisation, as the majority of the companies have preference for the wholly owned subsidiary entry mode. The study also found the effect of current tax incentives, formal institutions and informal ties in attracting and retaining FDI was insignificant. This research has made a unique contribution to the understanding of the determinants of FDI in a number of ways. In practice, the sample is unique as it excluded companies operating in traditional natural resources and therefore outside the jurisdiction of the Ghana Investment Promotion Centre (GIPC) according to the GIPC Act 478 of 1994. This makes the findings specific and relevant to GIPC and investment promotion agencies in Africa, regarding crucial factors to be highlighted and to abolish practices which do not add value to the country as the preferred investment destination for UK companies. Academically, this study fills a number of gaps in the literature. First, it was unique in examining the variables to be considered in retaining as well as attracting FDI, as the majority of studies on determinants of FDI focus more on attraction and less on retention of existing companies, despite the crucial role existing companies play in agglomeration, urbanisation, brand development and other benefits of FDI. The framework developed from this study may also be adopted or modified for future studies. Methodologically, another contribution is the application of explanatory mixed research methods to empirically study the determinants of FDI in Ghana.
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Attakora, Joseph. "Protectionism as a policy strategy in Ghana 1957-66." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/91077.
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The primary purpose of this thesis is to discuss the protectionist policy of the first Republic of Ghana (1957-66). In particular it attempts to evaluate the performance of the key sectors of the economy under the policy using empirical and statistical data for the period and shortly thereafter. Such discussion is of paramount importance since it provides an insight into what future developmental and growth strategy needs to be adopted for Ghana.
While avoiding the social, political and ideological discussions of the policy, the thesis provides an insight into the political atmosphere at the time and the ideological inclinations of the Leaders.
The thesis begins by looking at the salient features of the economy of Ghana before independence. It then gives a brief background of protectionism in Ghana and the philosophy that led to its adoption. How the policy was implemented is also discussed.
A theoretical background of the effects of protection and a sector by sector analysis and evaluation of the effects of protectionism in Ghana forms the substance of the thesis. While the focus of the discussion is on the first government of Ghana and its protectionist policy, an attempt is made to look at subsequent governments and their deviation, if any, from protectionism.
An assessment of the policy arrived at the conclusion that while the leaders had been nationalistic about the policy, their adoption and implementation of the policy was nothing less than an economic blunder.M.A.
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Donani, Yao-Martin. "Developing a framework for sustainable manufacturing of technologies in Africa focusing on Ghana." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37127/.
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This thesis is concerned with developing a framework for the sustainable manufacturing of technologies in Sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on Ghana, for local industry. The interest here is on manufacturing and production technologies. Drawing on the work of Clemens and Dalrymple (2005), a three step approach emerged as an overarching methodology leading to the construction of the Ghana manufacturing of technology model (GMTM). The work of Sagasti (1992) provided the framework for its construction. The aim here is to investigate to understand what factors account for the state of technology drawback in Ghana, so as to be able to explain them. A multidisciplinary approach was therefore required and employed. Owing to the human and cultural understanding required here, a mixed-research approach involving ethnography, grounded theory and case-study was found to be most suitable. This involved data from two rural communities, expanding to the urban areas where government officials, policy makers and heads of institutions were interviewed. The corpus of data was analysed using grounded theory and a case study of the shea butter industry provided further insights. The findings, among other things, suggest that Ghana has no focused framework for technology manufacturing for local industry. The study noted that the cultural and ethnic division in traditional Ghana, inhibits knowledge and cultural exchange, hence, affecting the deployment and advancement of traditional technologies in the "closed" societies. This division is reflected in the formal Ghanaian sector, which side-lines the traditional sector from development and industrialisation decision making. Government Officials and policy makers were found to be vague on technology development for local industry, but were focused on developing high-techs, like nano-technologies and science parks. The study sees this as misplaced priority. The technology drive will require a business model, which falls outside the scope here, hence left for future work. A new concept of development engineering emerges from the study.
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Axel, Adam. "Manifestations of Corruption: A Comparative Analysis of Ghana and Nigeria." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1201.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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Serra, Gerardo. "From scattered data to ideological education : economics, statistics and the state in Ghana, 1948-1966." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3188/.
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This thesis analyses the contribution of economics and statistics in the transformation of Ghana from colonial dependency to socialist one-party state. The narrative begins in 1948, extending through the years of decolonization, and ends in 1966, when the first postcolonial government led by Kwame Nkrumah was overthrown by a military coup d’état. Drawing on insights from political economy, the history of economics and the sociology of science, the study is constructed as a series of microhistories of public institutions, social scientists, statistical enquiries and development plans. In the period under consideration economics and statistics underwent a radical transformation in their political use. This transformation is epitomised by the two extremes mentioned in the title: the ‘scattered data’ of 1950s household budget surveys were expression of the limited will and capacity of the colonial state to exercise control over different areas of the country. In contrast, the 1960s dream of a monolithic one-party state led the political rulers to use Marxist-Leninist political economy as a cornerstone of the ideological education aiming at creating the ideal citizen of the socialist regime. Based on research in British and Ghanaian archives, the study claims that economists and statisticians provided important cognitive tools to imagine competing alternatives to the postcolonial nation state, finding its most extreme version in the attempt to fashion a new type of economics supporting Nkrumah’s dream of a Pan-African political and economic union. At a more general level, the thesis provides a step towards a deeper incorporation of Sub-Saharan Africa in the history of economics and statistics, by depicting it not simply as an importer of ideas and scientific practices, but as a site in which the interaction of local and foreign political and scientific visions turned economics and statistics into powerful tools of social engineering. These tools created new spaces for political support and dissent, and shifted the boundaries between the possible and the utopian.
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Yeboah, Eric Henry. "Microfinance in rural Ghana : a view from below." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1189/.
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The thesis investigates, from a contextual and user perspective, the implementation processes of microfinance interventions and the effect of the implementation processes on households and businesses. The thesis’ central argument is that microfinance discourse has neglected the perspective of microfinance users and this can negatively affect microfinance interventions as development tools. The study examines two microfinance interventions, Nsoatreman Women Empowerment Programme and Sinapi Aba Trust, in Nsoatre, a rural community in Ghana. Data for the study is from secondary sources, 26 interviews and 100 questionnaires. The study was guided by the philosophical ideas underlying the Sustainable Livelihood Approach and the Interpretive Approach. Using qualitative, cross-tabulations and ordinal logistic regression, the analysis found that the microfinance institutions studied essentially employ top-down approaches and that the perception of microfinance as non-paternalistic is not supported by this study. The mode of group formation has significant ramifications on subsequent group activities and peer monitoring played a limited role in mitigating moral hazard. Service users exhibited noticeable lack of knowledge on intervention activities. Microfinance interventions contribute to household consumption more than it does to household asset accumulation. Poorer service users reported more household and business benefits. The findings suggest a reappraisal of the design of microfinance interventions, especially in rural areas.
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Antwi, Ardakwah Yaw. "Urban land markets in Sub-Saharan Africa : a quantitative study of Accra Ghana." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2000. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2504.
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The existing body of knowledge attributes to informal land transactions in sub-Saharan African cities observed problems in city neighbourhoods. However, the dearth of empirically insightful studies of how this eventuates continues to leave a vacuum in terms of practical solutions. But it is commonly held that bureaucratic intervention offers a way out. Substantial resources, often backed by donor agencies, are therefore being spent in revamping bureaux and governmental bodies in a bid to solving the problems. This thesis sets as its central aim to identify and establish the costs to agents of the real causes of the problems. It also aims to assess the economic impact of formal policy measures on agents and recommends feasible approaches to market regulations. To address the objectives insights from property rights, transactions costs and public choice economics are brought to bear. Based on a survey of market participants of sampled informal neighbourhoods in Accra, the capital city of Ghana, it employs regression and discriminant analyses to analyse the data generated. In the process helpful insights are gained. It has been possible to put some figures to the extent of costs that lead agents to operate in ways that eventually translate into the problems commonly witnessed. The study finds that actual costs to market participants of government activities are too high to be of any benefit. These costs mainly derive from rent-seeking behaviour which extensive bureaucratic intervention of transactions in urban residential lands bring about. On the basis of the results of the regression analysis, arguments implying inefficiency of informal land markets, specifically relating to the arbitrary nature of prices, are refuted. The futility of the use of compulsory purchase powers to create residential neighbourhoods also emerges from the results of the discriminant analysis. Similarly, efficiency' enhancing bureaucratic interventions in the informal market lead to the diversion of real resources into wasteful rent-seeking expenditures. The sum of these wasteful diversions of resources explains a great deal of the haphazard developments that have come to characterise many neighbourhoods of cities in Sub-Saharan Africa. Market led regulation emerges as the needed focus of future land policy and management strategy. But to work the study calls for the removal of unwarranted market interventions extant at the present moment and the reorganisation of bureaux to be responsible in ways that would induce them to operate efficiently.
Books on the topic "Ghana – Economic conditions"
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Bonna, Okyere. Ghana: Conversation and development. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2009.
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Osei, Anthony Akoto. Towards accelerated growth in Ghana. Accra-North, Ghana: Center for Policy Analysis, 1996.
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Leith, J. Clark. Ghana, structural adjustment experience. San Francisco, Calif: International Center for Economic Growth, 1996.
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Pereira, Leite Sérgio, ed. Ghana: Economic development in a democratic environment. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2000.
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Grant, Richard. Globalizing city: The urban and economic transformation of Accra, Ghana. Syracuse, N.Y: Syracuse University Press, 2008.
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Gyekye, L. O. Socio-economic classification and coding manual for Ghana. Legon: Institute of Statistical, Social, and Economic Research, University Of Ghana, 1985.
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Akosua, Torgbe Mary, and Otoo Kwabena Nyarko, eds. Second jobholding in Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Labour Research & Policy Institute of Ghana Trades Union Congress, 2011.
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Bennet, Kpentey, ed. An enterprise map of Ghana. [London]: International Growth Centre, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Ghana – Economic conditions"
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Samy, Yiagadeesen, Adeniran Adedeji, Augustine Iraoya, Madhurjya Kumar Dutta, Jasmine Lal Fakmawii, and Wen Hao. "Trade and Women’s Economic Empowerment: Qualitative Analysis of SMEs from Ghana, Madagascar, Nigeria, and Senegal." In Trade and Women’s Economic Empowerment, 105–44. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39039-5_4.
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AbstractUsing Ghana, Madagascar, Nigeria, and Senegal as case studies, this chapter elucidates the dynamics of trade and women empowerment in Africa through a qualitative analysis that involved focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs) with managers and employers, and employees of SMEs, as well as government officials and Trade Support Organizations (TSOs). After presenting the operational context of trade and economic performance in the four candidate countries, the barriers to women’s participation in trade are discussed using the PESTLE framework. Our qualitative analysis shows that cross-cutting factors that influence job creation for women across the trade sectors include the nature of work, job demands in terms of physical strength and timing, and working conditions of employees. The chapter argues that trade has the potential to empower women. However, if finds that various challenges prevent women from maximizing the gains from trade and proposes that a strong public–private partnership is necessary for trade to lead to women empowerment.
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Abdul Mumin, Yazeed, Benjamin Musah Abu, and Paul Kwame Nkegbe. "Conditional Mixed Process Modeling: Applications from the Agriculture Sector in Ghana." In Contributions to Economics, 269–300. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4902-1_9.
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Fieldhouse, D. K. "Industry: Ghana, the Congo/Zaire, and Francophone States." In Merchant Capital And Economic Decolonization, 552–88. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198226253.003.0013.
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Abstract Nigeria was the most important and successful field for UAC’s industrial investments in Black Africa. But broadly the same approach was adopted in the three other countries or areas which are examined in this chapter. The profile of UAC’s industrialization in Ghana was different from that in any other West African state. For reasons which were outlined above, conditions favouring or demanding import-substituting industrialization existed in Ghana as early as the mid-1950s; by 1959 what were to be the three main Unilever/UAC industrial enterprises in Ghana-breweries, detergents, and textiles-were either in operation or planned. By 1960 also Sewards had started a small manufacturing business in an old building in Jamestown, making balms and face-creams, and there was a vehicle-assembly plant in the new industrial and port area at Tema.
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Kolog, Emmanuel Awuni, Samuel Nana Adekson Tweneboah, Samuel Nii Odoi Devine, and Anthony Kuffour Adusei. "Investigating the Use of Mobile Devices in Schools." In Mobile Technologies and Socio-Economic Development in Emerging Nations, 81–108. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4029-8.ch005.
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This chapter describes how today's technology has provided flexibility for teachers and students to engage in academic discourse irrespective of the location. However, there is an ongoing debate regarding the influence of mobile devices on students' academic engagement and performance. Following this debate, these authors empirically investigate the use of mobile device and its impact on teaching and learning in Ghana. Therefore, students, teachers and Ghana Education Service staff were selected to respond to a questionnaire with a follow up interview. After that, the authors analysed the content of the collected data using mixed research method. The results show that students are disallowed to use mobile devices while in school. However, the participants believe that mobile devices are useful for teaching and learning, especially for mobile learning. In line with the participants' perception of the use of mobile devices in schools, this chapter recommends that the government and other stakeholders of education in Ghana allow students to use mobile devices under restricted and regulated conditions.
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Agbozo, G. Edzordzi, Mary Edward, and Fatiatu Inusah. "“Onaapo” vs. “One Factory”." In Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies, 221–40. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7295-4.ch012.
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In this chapter, the authors investigated how ideological differences between the two main political traditions in Ghana manifested in their campaign lyrics. The authors diachronically interrogated the 2012 and 2016 campaign songs of the National Democratic Congress and the New Patriotic Party of Ghana using critical discourse analysis. The findings suggest that there are no clear manifestations of ideological differences between the two political traditions in their campaign songs. The songs had pragmatic themes that essentially dwelt on the lived socio-economic conditions of the voters. As such, these daily economic needs of the voters became the defining concerns in political campaign songs rather than ideological affinity.
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Abdulai, Abdul-Gafaru. "Political Settlement Dynamics and the Emergence and Decline of Bureaucratic Pockets of Effectiveness in Ghana." In Pockets of Effectiveness and the Politics of State-building and Development in Africa, 61–90. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192864963.003.0003.
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Abstract This chapter explores the factors that shape the performance trajectories of three relatively effective public organizations in Ghana, namely, the Ministry of Finance, the Bank of Ghana, and the Ghana Revenue Authority. Drawing on an original investigation of organizational performance under the various political settlements that Ghana has experienced in the past few decades, it argues that although ‘pockets of effectiveness’ can emerge under different political settlement types and dynamics, such agencies are more likely to endure in concentrated political settlements than in contexts characterized by dispersed configurations of power. The main mechanism that links Ghana’s shifting political settlement and organizational performance is the quality of organizational leadership and its relationship to the political leadership of the day. Much depends on whether organizational leaders are (a) deemed politically loyal enough to be awarded the protection required to deliver on their mandate and (b) possess the political management skills required to navigate difficult political conditions. High levels of support (both technical and financial) from international development agencies and the privileged status of these organizations as key nodes of economic governance have undoubtedly helped them attain high levels of performance vis-à-vis the wider public bureaucracy. Nevertheless, the fact that the performance of these agencies has waxed and waned over time, despite international support and mandates being largely constant, suggests that the key to understanding their performance lies with political economy factors, with their effectiveness regularly undermined by the increasingly dispersed nature of power within Ghana’s political settlement and the resultant vulnerability of ruling elites.
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"Tanzania and South Africa." In Comparative Approach on Development and Socioeconomics of Africa, 131–55. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-2403-5.ch007.
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Tanzania and South Africa, the homes of study participants Zahra and Siya, are the focus of this chapter, which offers a narrative inquiry and case study of Tanzania and South Africa within the context of and in parallel with the lived experiences of Zahra and Siya. As demonstrated in the previous chapter with a deeper dive into the socio-political and economic dynamics of Ghana and Sierra within the space and time as Osie and Amie attempted to piece their lives together, a closer examination of Tanzania and South Africa in the same vein yields a correlation between the nations' political and development trajectory with that of their citizens' socio-economic achievements. Zahra and Siya in particular chart the course of their lives according to the dictates of their environments, which were overwhelmingly influenced by the condition of their nation-states. But Zahra and Siya remained, for the most part, in their home countries, notwithstanding the conditions therein.
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Lawrence Afutu-Kotey, Robert, and Maxwell Yeboah-Mensah. "Re-Examining Transitions to Adulthood among Young People Engaged in Informal Businesses in the City of Accra, Ghana." In Education and Human Development. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.114027.
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Using a longitudinal qualitative methodological approach, the study observed the life course and businesses of young people in the city of Accra over the period 2010 to 2023. The study explores the extent to which business engagement in the informal economy among young people contributes to their transitions into adulthood, and the sustainability of these transition gains. Initial observations demonstrated that, many of the young people were able to achieve transition gains, such as, financial independence, afford rental accommodation, provision of support for family and external relations while some were able to enter into marital and cohabiting relationships. However, the sustainability of these transition gains were challenged over time by factors such as poor business performance, difficult economic conditions and the COVID-19 pandemic. The study concludes by calling for financial and advisory support to reinvigorate the businesses and sustain the transitions achieved in the life course of the young people.
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McKinney, Laura, and Arianna King. "Women and Climate Change." In Women's Journey to Empowerment in the 21st Century, 5–23. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190927097.003.0001.
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Abstract: This chapter aims to contribute to discussions concerning the global oppression of women by highlighting the ways in which the status of women intersects with climate change throughout the world. Empirical research shows that women’s representation in political organizations and their incorporation into decision-making processes are associated with lower contributions to climate change and overall improvements in sustainability across nations. These findings suggest that the status of women has a substantive bearing on the environmental and ecological future of the planet. Other research shows that women’s role as primary producers of food for the household results in a disproportionate burden of climate change for women, who leverage myriad strategies to adapt to changing conditions. In reviewing past qualitative and quantitative findings on climate change and women, the chapters focuses on the West African nation of Ghana, arguing that development and environmental policies would benefit from greater sensitivity to the ways in which climate change shapes women’s social, political, and economic opportunities. In doing so, the chapter utilizes ecofeminist theories to highlight critical links to achieving greater gender equality across social, political, economic, and environmental lines.
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Abdallah, Hamna A., Osman Tahidu Damba, Gideon Danso-Abbeam, Abdul-Razak Alhassan, and Issahaku Salifu. "Credit Access, Crop Output, and Welfare of Women Farmers in the Northern Region of Ghana." In Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics, 51–78. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-8979-6.ch003.
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This study examined the effect of credit access on women farmers' welfare through crop output in the Northern Region of Ghana. The impact of credit on welfare through output was examined using the conditional mixed process (CMP) model on 300 women farmers. Credit access, welfare, and output were estimated individually and also within a conditional mixed process (CMP) system for choice of appropriate estimation due to endogeneity. Age, household size, extension access, and membership of farmer-based organization (FBO) significantly influence farmers' choice of credit source while credit access, expenditure on inputs, years of farming, land size, and membership of FBO significantly impacts on crop output. Crop output and off-farm income significantly influence welfare of women farmers. Pairwise correlation of credit sources revealed that Village Savings and Loans Association (VSLA) and Susu sources are complementary, and farmers who accessed credit from VSLA also accessed credit from Susu (rotating savings and credit associations).
Conference papers on the topic "Ghana – Economic conditions"
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Mamley Osae, Erika, John Victor Mensah, David Wellington Essaw, and Rufai Kilu. "A functional support system in a bustling 24/7 economy: Perspectives on slum dwellers in Ashaiman, Ghana." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002156.
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Slums are often associated with negativities in society including social vices, thievery and arm robbery due to the unsightly nature of the settlements, characterized with filth and insanitary conditions. However, slums provide accommodation for rural-urban migrants who are unable to afford the high cost of rent due to several factors including poor housing policy by government, high rental cost, financial difficulties, unemployment and poverty. This study aims at ascertaining the functional activities and survival strategies of slum dwellers in Ashaiman Municipality in Ghana. Ashaiman is a sprawling urban settlement, parts of which exhibit characteristics of a slum. It is a home to people from many ethnic groups within and outside Ghana who are all there to eke out a living. It also provides space for well organised and recognised professional, trade, ethnic, welfare and youth associations with formal structures and support systems to ensure good governance, compliance and reward systems. This study deployed a mixed method approach to collect quantitative and qualitative data from 490 respondents and 13 key informants in two slum communities; namely; Manmomo and Tulaku within Ashaiman Municipality. Interview schedule, interview guides and focus group discussion guides were used to collect data. Appropriate techniques were used to process and analyse the data. The results showed that the slum dwellers presented varied economic potentials as they contributed to the bustling 24/7 economy. The local economy was characterised by small and micro-scale activities in the informal sector. The municipal authority generated revenue through taxation in whatever form while the slum dwellers provided a strong voting block for politicians. However, the slums also provided the opacity needed for illegal activities. The slum residents operated in an under-served location with deficits in security, infrastructure, health and environmental sanitation. The survival strategies included social safety in terms of perception of historical and traditional ties, social acceptability, social network, security and business opportunities. The diverse characteristics, capacities, tenacity arising from survival experiences, adaptability, social capital, political clout in numbers, and youthful population contribute to make the slum communities in Ashaiman a place of survival. The main argument of the study is that slum dwellers demonstrate resourcefulness, thereby debunking their association with low levels of access to productive sources. It is therefore, recommended that the central government, local government, technocrats, the private sector and civil society groups should collaborate to enhance the potentials of the slum dwellers for local level development.
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Heard, R. G. "The Ultimate Solution: Disposal of Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources (DSRS)." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40029.
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The borehole disposal concept (BDC) was first presented to ICEM by Potier, J-M in 2005 [1]. This paper repeats the basics introduced by Potier and relates further developments. It also documents the history of the development of the BDC. For countries with no access to existing or planned geological disposal facilities for radioactive wastes, the only options for managing high activity or long-lived disused radioactive sources are to store them indefinitely, return them to the supplier or find an alternative method of disposal. Disused sealed radioactive sources (DSRS) pose an unacceptable radiological and security risk if not properly managed. Out of control sources have already led to many high-profile incidents or accidents. One needs only to remember the recent accident in India that occurred earlier this year. Countries without solutions in place need to consider the future management of DSRSs urgently. An on-going problem in developing countries is what to do with sources that cannot be returned to the suppliers, sources for which there is no further use, sources that have not been maintained in a working condition and sources that are no longer suitable for their intended purpose. Disposal in boreholes is intended to be simple and effective, meeting the same high standards of long-term radiological safety as any other type of radioactive waste disposal. It is believed that the BDC can be readily deployed with simple, cost-effective technologies. These are appropriate both to the relatively small amounts and activities of the wastes and the resources that can realistically be found in developing countries. The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation Ltd (Necsa) has carried out project development and demonstration activities since 1996. The project looked into the technical feasibility, safety and economic viability of BDC under the social, economic, environmental and infrastructural conditions currently prevalent in Africa. Implementation is near at hand with work being done in Ghana with support from the IAEA. Here the site selection is complete and studies are being carried out to test the site parameters for inclusion into the safety assessment.
Reports on the topic "Ghana – Economic conditions"
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S. Abdellatif, Omar. Localizing Human Rights SDGs: Ghana in context. Raisina House, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52008/gh2021sdg.
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In September 2015, Ghana along all UN member states endorsed the Agenda 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as the cardinal agenda towards achieving a prosperous global future. The SDGs are strongly interdependent, making progress in all goals essential for a country’s achievement of sustainable development. While Ghana and other West African nations have exhibited significant economic and democratic development post-independence. The judiciary system and related legal frameworks, as well as the lack of rule law and political will for safeguarding the human rights of its citizens, falls short of considering violations against minorities. Will Ghana be able to localize human rights related SDGs, given that West African governments historically tended to promote internal security and stability at the expense of universal human rights? This paper focuses on evaluating the commitments made by Ghana towards achieving Agenda 2030, with a particular focus on the SDGs 10 and 16 relating to the promotion of reduced inequalities, peace, justice and accountable institutions. Moreover, this paper also analyzes legal instruments and state laws put in place post Ghana’s democratization in 1992 for the purpose of preventing discrimination and human rights violations in the nation. The article aims to highlight how Ghana’s post-independence political experience, the lack of rule of law, flaws in the judiciary system, and the weak public access to justice are obstacles to its effective localization of human rights SGDs. Those obstacles to Ghana’s compliance with SDGs 10 and 16 are outlined in this paper through a consideration of human rights violations faced by the Ghanaian Muslim and HIV minorities, poor prison conditions, limited public access to justice and the country’s failure to commit to international treaties on human rights. Keywords: Ghana, human rights, rule of law, security, Agenda 2030