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Journal articles on the topic 'Ghana – History – To 1957'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

GRISCHOW, JEFF D. "KWAME NKRUMAH, DISABILITY, AND REHABILITATION IN GHANA, 1957–66." Journal of African History 52, no. 2 (July 2011): 179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853711000260.

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ABSTRACTThis article examines a rehabilitation program for disabled Ghanaians developed by Kwame Nkrumah's government between 1961 and 1966. Arising at a time when Nkrumah was moving away from welfarism in favor of a ‘big push’ for industrialization, rehabilitation sought to integrate disabled citizens into the national economy as productive workers. Nkrumah's program was preceded by a colonial rehabilitation project during the 1940s for disabled African soldiers. The colonial initiative drew heavily on the British model of social orthopaedics, which equated citizenship with work. This philosophy resonated with Nkrumah's vision of national development based on full employment. Although its economic focus had troubling implications for citizenship and welfare, Nkrumah's rehabilitation program was unique among newly independent African states, and it arguably produced a positive legacy.

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2

Rathbone, Richard, and Youry Petchenkine. "Ghana: In Search of Stability, 1957-1992." International Journal of African Historical Studies 27, no. 1 (1994): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220990.

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3

Stanek, Łukasz. "Architects from Socialist Countries in Ghana (1957–67)." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 74, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 416–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2015.74.4.416.

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Architects from Socialist Countries in Ghana (1957–67): Modern Architecture and Mondialisation discusses the architectural production of the Ghana National Construction Corporation (GNCC), a state agency responsible for building and infrastructure programs during Ghana’s first decade of independence. Łukasz Stanek reviews the work of GNCC architects within the networks that intersected in 1960s Accra, including competing networks of global cooperation: U.S.-based economic institutions, the British Commonwealth, technical assistance from socialist countries, support programs from the United Nations, and collaboration within the Non-Aligned Movement. His analysis of labor conditions within the GNCC reveals a negotiation between Cold War antagonisms and a shared culture of modern architecture that was instrumental in the reorganization of the everyday within categories of postindependence modernization. Drawing on previously unexplored materials from archives in Ghana, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, the article reveals the role of architects from European socialist countries in the urbanization of West Africa and their contribution to modern architecture’s becoming a worldwide phenomenon.

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Prosperetti, Elisa. "The Hidden History of the West African Wager: Or, How Comparison with Ghana Made Côte d’Ivoire." History in Africa 45 (May 25, 2018): 29–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2018.13.

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Abstract:The famous 1957 wager between Félix Houphouët-Boigny of Côte d’Ivoire and Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana is a signal event in modern African history. Yet it has never been adequately historicized. How did this fateful meeting come about? An archival discovery reveals the hidden history of the wager’s construction. This wager inaugurated a tradition of comparison between Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire that shaped both the ways that Côte d’Ivoire was seen by social scientists and the ways that Ivorians saw themselves.

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Kludze, A. Kodzo Paaku. "Constitutional Rights and their Relationship with International Human Rights in Ghana." Israel Law Review 41, no. 3 (2008): 677–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700000406.

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Particularly in developing nations, the movement has been toward the articulation of elaborate provisions in constitutions which guarantee the basic human and peoples' rights of the citizenry. In many cases these are reflections of the immediate past history of the young nations which were strewn with ugly spectacles of dictatorships on their path to democracy. The history of Ghana is unfortunately an illustrative example. The Ghana Independence Constitution of 1957—a very brief document—was brief to a fault and bereft of any provision for human rights. It is clear that the experience of years of abuse of human, political, and civil rights in Ghana explains many of the current constitutional guarantees of basic rights spelt out in the 1992 Constitution in order to protect citizens against future abuses.In the past, treaty obligations under municipal laws of Ghana were such that even ratification of human rights treaties did not directly confer enforceable legal rights in the domestic courts of Ghana and implementing legislation was necessary to make a treaty right justiciable. In the 1992 Constitution of Ghana, the provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, as well as others, are entrenched as constitutional provisions, are to be interpreted as such, and enforceable under the laws of Ghana. To the extent that drafters of the Ghana Constitution relied on the principles of the international human rights law enshrined in treaties and declarations, there are many similarities between the domestic law and some principles of international human rights law.

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Owusu, Victor Lord. "The Politics of Development and Participatory Planning. From Top Down to Top Down." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (January 26, 2016): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n1p202.

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This paper measures the level of participation in Ghana’s four most recent development policy and planning documents, from the Vision 2020 to the Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda. Using Systematic Review and a developed modified version of Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizen Participation, the paper concludes that development planning in Ghana is top down and non participatory. The paper further uncovered that civilian and military governments before and after independence in 1957 adopted the top down approach and planned from the centre with no traces of citizens’ participation in the planning processes. It was further determined that this top down and non participatory mode of planning is deeply enshrined in Ghana’s current and past development planning culture and history, a legacy bequeathed to colonies by colonialists.

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Adu-Gyamfi, Samuel, Aminu Dramani, Kwasi Amakye-Boateng, and Sampson Akomeah. "Public Health: Socio-Political History of a People." Journal of Arts and Humanities 6, no. 8 (August 17, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/journal.v6i8.1122.

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<p>This study focuses on the transformations that have characterised public health in Asante. The study highlights the changes that have occurred in the traditional public health which include the use of roots, leaves, back of trees and spiritualities’ as well as the colonial administration’s introduction of modern or western medicine and post-colonial inheritance. The domination of Asante from 1902-1957 by the British influenced the public health in Asante. This necessitated the introduction of western medicine, which included the building of hospitals and clinics and training of physicians to cater for the sick. Post-colonial Ghana after 1957saw a new direction in public health in Asante it ensured continuity and change. However, of the all the successes of traditional medicine and its importance even in modern times, an in-depth study of this subject has not received attention for the benefit of academia and society. It is critical to turn back, consider how public health was ensured in the first half of the twentieth century and balance it with modern practices. This will help us draw necessary lessons for modern society. This study, therefore, does a retrospective analyses/narrative on the accessibility and equitability of health to all citizens of Ghana and Asante in particular within the twentieth century and to further access the continuity and change over time. </p>

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Arlt, Veit, and Ernst Lichtenhahn. "Recordings of African Popular Music: A Valuable Source for Historians of Africa." History in Africa 31 (2004): 389–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361541300003557.

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In December 2002 the Swiss Society for Ethnomusicology (CH-EM), in cooperation with the Centre for African Studies of the University of Basel and with mission 21 (formerly Basel Mission), organized a symposium on the theme “Popular Music from Ghana: Historical Records as a Contribution to the Study of African History and Culture.” The conference concluded a week of lectures, workshops, and concerts with Ghanaian “palmwine” and Highlife music, a program which was realized in cooperation with the Basel Academy of Music and the two associations, Ghana Popular Music 1931-1957 and Scientific African e.V. The papers read at the symposium are, in our opinion, of interest to the readers of History in Africa, as they discuss a specific kind of source and the methodological issues pertaining to it, as well as offer insights into possible themes of research, giving some idea of the potential of the recordings as a source. We present the contributions here in a slightly revised form, and, in order to round off the discussion, we have invited the curators of two further sound collections of interest to scholars working on African history, to describe their archives.

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LAMBERT, KERI. "‘IT'S ALL WORK AND HAPPINESS ON THE FARMS’: AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN THE BLOCS IN NKRUMAH'S GHANA." Journal of African History 60, no. 01 (March 2019): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853719000331.

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AbstractThis study assesses the agricultural sector under the government of Kwame Nkrumah as a dynamic Cold War front. After Ghana's independence in 1957, Nkrumah asserted that the new nation would guard its sovereignty from foreign influence, while recognizing that it needed foreign cooperation and investment. His government embarked upon a development program with an emphasis on diversifying Ghana's agriculture to decrease her dependence on cocoa. Meanwhile, both the United States and the Soviet Union sought to establish footholds in Ghana through agricultural aid, trade, and investments. In the first years of independence, the Ghanaian state encouraged smallholder farming and American investment. Later, in a sudden change of policy, the government established large-scale state farms along the socialist model. This article brings to light the ways that Ghanaians in rural areas engaged with and interpreted the increasingly interventionist agriculture projects and policies of Nkrumah's government.

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Grilli, Matteo. "Nkrumah, Nationalism, and Pan-Africanism: The Bureau of African Affairs Collection." History in Africa 44 (January 30, 2017): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2016.15.

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Abstract:The article describes the Bureau of African Affairs Collection. First it introduces the history of the archive by examining the crucial events that influenced its state and accessibility. Then, it describes the contents of the collection, underlying its importance for the study of Kwame Nkrumah’s domestic and foreign policies and African nationalism at a continental level. The documents included in the Bureau of African Affairs Collection provide unique insights into both Nkrumah’s foreign and domestic policies. In particular, they include invaluable information on his Pan-African policy. Moreover, the documents shed new light on the presence of African liberation movements in Ghana in the period 1957 to 1966. Thus, this Collection can attract scholars interested in both Ghanaian history as well as the history of Pan-Africanism and African nationalism at a continental level.

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Skinner, Kate. "Local Historians and Strangers with Big Eyes: The Politics of Ewe History in Ghana and Its Global Diaspora." History in Africa 37 (2010): 125–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2010.0022.

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In 2001 I attended a meeting at the London headquarters of the Movement for a Resurgent Togoland (MORETO). Seven people—mainly middle-aged and elderly men from the inland Ewe-speaking areas of Ghana—had gathered together to share their findings about the modern political history of the area where they were born. They vocalised their dissatisfaction with the incorporation of this area within the borders of Ghana at independence in 1957, and they discussed how this situation came about, and whether it could be rectified. In the course of this meeting, I began to realize that contests over Ewe history had gone global. Controversial issues, which scholars had previously addressed through detailed diachronic local studies, were now being played out across a global diaspora, capturing the attention not only of Ewe-speakers originating from a specific town or district, or having a direct stake in a particular version of its history, but also of anonymous commentators, scattered thousands of miles across the globe. In this paper, I describe some of my encounters with Ewe-speaking people who study their recent political history, and I analyze some of their writings. I suggest that, despite recent attention to history-writing by Africans during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, further reflection is required on two key issues: firstly, the circulation of historical knowledge and forms of historical debate among Africans living in the global diaspora; secondly, the implications of this for historians researching the post-colonial period.

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12

Bourland, Ian. "John Akomfrah." Nka Journal of Contemporary African Art 2019, no. 45 (November 1, 2019): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10757163-7916928.

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This article considers recent films by the artist John Akomfrah (b. 1957, Ghana). It argues that Vertigo Sea, The Airport, and Purple exemplify a new phase of black British art production. While building on the methods and themes that characterize his time with the Black Audio Film Collective, these projects exemplify ways in which diasporic histories provide crucial insights into the early twenty-first century—notably around questions of national sovereignty, spaces of flow and mobility, and human interventions in shared ecosystems. Ultimately, these films present a way of “doing history,” a form of visual genealogy Akomfrah calls “an essay” that is suited to a landscape in which fixed temporal or spatial narratives are no longer adequate.

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13

Amoako – Ohene, Kwasi, Nana Ama Pokua Arthur, and Samuel Nortey. "Museums: An institution for knowledge acquisition – A spotlight on the museum education in Ghana." International Journal of Technology and Management Research 5, no. 2 (July 11, 2020): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v5i2.86.

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Museums, just like formal institutions of learning always have understood that conserving collections for study and exhibition can be an important part of the educational process. Since 1957, Ghana has established several museums under the Museums and Monument Board. These museums just like others are required to play a great deal of role in the social, educational, economic development of a nation. However, it is distressing to note that with the highly endowed museum assets of Ghana, such as the Cape Coast Castle Museum, Ghana National Museum, Fort Appolonia Museum of Nzema History and Culture, the Elmina Castle Museum, Ho Museum, Bolga Museum, Wa Museum, The Head of State Museum and Museum of Science and Technology both in Accra, there has been little contributions to Ghana’s Gross Domestic Product. Significantly, visitor experience and satisfaction is very low. In this view, this study sought to investigate educational activities of Ghana Museum and Monument Board (GMMB) and inquire into their educational activities. Employing qualitative approaches, the study used a triangulation of observations, interview and focus group discussion to assemble data from these museums. In conclusion, the museums provide some sort of education but there is no formalized educational framework serving as a guide. They mainly employ monotonous experience of guided and self-guided gallery tours, and occasionally, the museum curators and educators organize a oneoff programme such as an outreach to schools and special exhibitions as well as seminars. Recommendations to strengthening museum education in Ghana are addressed Citation: Kwasi Amoako – Ohene, Nana Ama Pokua Arthur, and Samuel Nortey.Museums: An institution for knowledge acquisition – A spotlight on the museum education in Ghana, 2020 5 (2): 10－23. Received: March 3, 2020 Accepted: June 30, 2020

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14

Osei-Opare, Nana. "‘IF YOU TROUBLE A HUNGRY SNAKE, YOU WILL FORCE IT TO BITE YOU’: RETHINKING POSTCOLONIAL AFRICAN ARCHIVAL PESSIMISM, WORKER DISCONTENT, AND PETITION WRITING IN GHANA, 1957–66." Journal of African History 62, no. 1 (March 2021): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853721000165.

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AbstractMy aim is twofold. Highlighting the value and importance of African archives in the construction of postcolonial African histories, I first reject what I call ‘postcolonial African archival pessimism’: the argument that postcolonial African archives are too disorganized or ill-kept to be of much, if any, value in configuring postcolonial African histories. Second, primarily through petition and complaint letters, I examine how Ghanaian workers protested racist and abusive workplace environments, government malfeasance, stagnating wages, and unfair dismissals in Kwame Nkrumah's Ghana. These archival gems illuminate how workers made claims to and performances of citizenship and reminded the state of their importance, politically and practically, to building the Ghanaian project. From Ghanaian and British archives, I seek to complement histories that highlight the centrality of African workers — through their letters and feet — in articulating the contradictions and aspirations of postcolonial African states.

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15

Arlt, Veit. "The Union Trade Company and Its Recordings: An Unintentional Documentation of West African Popular Music, 1931–1957." History in Africa 31 (2004): 393–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361541300003569.

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This paper introduces a unique collection of roughly 700 historical recordings of African popular music generated by a Swiss trading company, which today is located at the archives of mission 21 (formerly Basel Missioin) in Basel. The music was recorded and distributed by the Union Trade Company of Basel (UTC) during the 1930s and 1950s in the Gold Coast and Nigeria. The collection represents a rich resource for the study of African history and cultures and caters for the growing interest shown by social historians of Africa in everyday life and accordingly in leisure activities and consumption.As music and dance undoubtedly play an important role in African social and religious life, they have received much attention and there is a longstanding tradition of ethnomusicological research that has led to a great number of sound collections. The historian interested in the “modern” and “postmodern” or in popular culture, however, tends in many cases to be frustrated by the material contained in these archives. The ethnographic collectors often showed a blind eye to the modernizing forces within the African musical cultures they researched and concentrated on documenting what they perceived as the “original” or “traditional.” Furthermore the collection and documentation of the popular music of the day was rarely on the agenda of national research institutions and archives in postcolonial Africa. In the case of Ghana at least three initiatives have resulted in important collections of music that go beyond a narrow ethnographic documentation. The first, by Prof. Kwabena Nketia at the Centre of African Studies at the University of Ghana, features a mixture of field recordings and a few commercial records. The others focus specifically on the commercial and popular. These are the Gramophone Records Museum in Cape Coast, discussed below by its founder Kwame Sarpong and the Bokoor African Popular Music Archives Foundation (BAPMAF) of John Collins in Accra.

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Kamenov, Nikolay. "Imperial cooperative experiments and global market capitalism,c.1900–c.1960." Journal of Global History 14, no. 2 (July 2019): 219–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022819000044.

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AbstractConcentrating on the connection between the cooperative movements in colonial India and Ghana, the article has two aims. First, it counters the diffusionist story portraying the cooperative institution as indigenous to Europe, from where it was exported to the rest of the world. Second, it draws attention to the contribution and overall importance of cooperatives in the global market economy. Pursuing these two aims, and following a review of the existing literature, the article discusses the development of the cooperative movement in British India between 1900 and 1950. It then turns to the global establishment of the Indian experience as a role model for other colonial regions, notably West Africa. The article then considers the practical implementation of cooperatives in the Gold Coast and Ashanti (both now in Ghana) around 1930, and their development until 1955. Finally, based on the two main cases, as well as on the Cooperative Wholesale Society in Britain, it explores the economic function of cooperatives beyond national particularities, and tentatively analyses the relation of the institution to the broader forces of capitalism.

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Li, Anshan. "Asafo and Destoolment in Colonial Southern Ghana, 1900-1953." International Journal of African Historical Studies 28, no. 2 (1995): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/221617.

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18

Berry, Sara. "A Death in the Family: Property, Inheritance, and Belonging in Late Colonial Asante." Journal of African History 62, no. 2 (July 2021): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185372100027x.

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AbstractAn inheritance dispute heard before one of the chiefs’ courts established in Asante under indirect rule illustrates the multivalent, dynamic character of social institutions at a time of economic and political transition. Litigated in 1951, the dispute raised questions about the meaning of ‘family’ and ‘belonging’, and their significance for people's access to wealth and their obligations to one another. Played out against a backdrop of potentially far-reaching social and political change in Ghana and beyond, cases such as this one suggest that terms such as ‘belonging’ and ‘family’ are best understood as labels for complex social processes, rather than facts that determine people's social identities and entitlements.

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19

Lentz, Carola. "S. W. D. K. GANDAH (1927–2001): INTELLECTUAL AND HISTORIAN FROM NORTHERN GHANA." Africa 82, no. 3 (July 27, 2012): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972012000277.

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ABSTRACTS. W. D. K. Gandah was the son of an influential chief and witnessed first-hand the way the conflicts, pressures and transformations of colonial rule played out on the ground in northern Ghana. Belonging to the first generation of educated northerners, he put his literary and intellectual attainments to original use throughout his life. In addition to an autobiography (The Silent Rebel), he wrote a fascinating history of his father (Gandah-yir), extracts from which are published here. In this introduction I discuss the author's development as a writer and local historian. I analyse his ambivalent perspective on Chief Gandah's life, as loyal son, but also critic of many aspects of village life – a perspective typical of a first generation of indigenous intellectuals who embodied both a traditional upbringing and new values instilled through Western education. I look at Kumbonoh's reflections on the task that he has set himself for his Gandah-yir manuscript, namely reconciling oral tradition, local memories, and written history in an attempt to produce a historical account not only for his immediate family and the wider Dagara community, but for a broader readership.

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20

Cumberlidge, Neil. "Redescription of Liberonautes chaperi (A. Milne-Edwards, 1887) n. comb. (Brachyura, Potamonautidae) from Ivory Coast and Ghana." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 2703–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-404.

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Liberonautes chaperi (A. Milne-Edwards, 1887) n. comb. is redescribed from the holotype from Ivory Coast and from new material from Ghana. The present study introduces 12 newly discovered specimens, including 4 males, from the collection of the British Museum (Natural History), London. New evidence from comparisons of gonopod structure leads to a suggested reassignment of this species to the genus Liberonautes Bott, 1955. A key to distinguish between the species of the genus Liberonautes is provided.

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21

Jerven, Morten. "A West African experiment: constructing a GDP series for colonial Ghana, 1891-1950." Economic History Review 67, no. 4 (June 13, 2014): 964–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0289.12066.

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22

Gray, Natasha. "Independent Spirits: the Politics of Policing Anti-witchcraft Movements In Colonial Ghana, 1908–1927." Journal of Religion in Africa 35, no. 2 (2005): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570066054024668.

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AbstractScholars have debated the social origins of anti-witchcraft movements within African religions while largely ignoring the effects of colonial laws outlawing their practice. Yet, for the initiates, the period after a witch-finding movement was outlawed was the most difficult. Initiates believed banned gods retained their power to punish them severely if they did not atone for violations of movement rules. Performing ceremonies of repentance, however, meant breaking the law, risking heavy fines, home demolition and even imprisonment. The transcript of a 1913 trial of five men accused of conducting ceremonies of the outlawed Aberewa anti-witchcraft movement in Ghana allows us to explore this predicament. The tenacity of popular belief in outlawed gods influenced colonial policy towards anti-witchcraft movements, witchcraft law, and the development of contemporary Ghanaian Christianity.

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Lance, James, and Richard Rathbone. "Nkrumah and the Chiefs: The Politics of Chieftaincy in Ghana 1951-1960." International Journal of African Historical Studies 33, no. 3 (2000): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3097440.

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LAW, ROBIN. "Labour, Land and Capital in Ghana: From Slavery to Free Labour in Asante, 1807-1956 By Gareth Austin." History 91, no. 303 (July 2006): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-229x.2006.373_2.x.

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Vansina, J. "Some Perceptions on the Writing of African History: 1948-1992." Itinerario 16, no. 1 (March 1992): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300006574.

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African history was really born on a specific date and its parent was Prof. Phillips, then heading the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), in London. It began when the learned Collins and Asquith commissions advocated the upgrading of schools in four different parts of the continent (Nigeria, Ghana, Sudan and Uganda) to University College status whereupon the Colonial Office looked for a university in Great Britain to guarantee programming and quality and passed that job unto the University of London which in turn promptly passed much of the burden unto SOAS. Although no funds were attached to this Phillips accepted and eventually did get funding from the Rockefeller Foundation, to the greater glory of SOAS. Meanwhile however he had visited East Africa and he had been struck there in 1947 by the absence of ‘native histories’ such as one finds so thickly on the ground in his usual playing ground India. He decided to hire an historian of Africa who would both supervise the development of history departments in the new colleges and work to remedy this lack of local history.

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Austin, Gareth. "Richard Rathbone (ed.): Ghana. Part I: 1941–1952; Part II: 1952–1957. (British Documents on the End of Empire. Series B, Vol. 1.). lxxxviii, 421 pp.; xxix, 443 pp. London: HMSO for the Institute of Commonwealth Studies in the University of London1992 [pub. 1993.] £60 ea." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 58, no. 2 (June 1995): 427–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00011551.

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Gray, Natasha. "Witches, Oracles, and Colonial Law: Evolving Anti-Witchcraft Practices in Ghana, 1927-1932." International Journal of African Historical Studies 34, no. 2 (2001): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3097485.

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Adjaye, Joseph K. "Reviews of Books:Nkrumah and the Chiefs: The Politics of Chieftaincy in Ghana 1951-60 Richard Rathbone." American Historical Review 109, no. 3 (June 2004): 1021–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/530740.

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29

Birmingham, David, and Richard Rathbone. "Nkrumah and the Chiefs: The Politics of Chieftaincy in Ghana 1951-60." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 35, no. 2 (2001): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/486145.

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30

Miescher, Stephan F. "“Nkrumah’s Baby”: the Akosombo Dam and the dream of development in Ghana, 1952–1966." Water History 6, no. 4 (December 2014): 341–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12685-014-0112-8.

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31

Mohr, Adam. "Faith Tabernacle Congregation and the Emergence of Pentecostalism in Colonial Nigeria, 1910s-1941." Journal of Religion in Africa 43, no. 2 (2013): 196–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700666-12341249.

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Abstract Faith Tabernacle literature first spread into the Christian community in Lagos from Western Ghana in the 1910s. By at least 1917 Faith Tabernacle literature was being read in Lagos, and the first formal branch was established in Lagos in 1920. During the early 1920s Faith Tabernacle literature was being spread throughout Nigeria as Faith Tabernacle members traveled across the colony as labor migrants, leading to the rapid spread of the church, particularly in the major cities. By early 1929 Faith Tabernacle had established 61 branches in Nigeria with over 1,200 members. However, due to the schisms of 1925 and 1929, many Faith Tabernacle leaders, members, communicants, and entire congregations left the church to establish the first Pentecostal denominations in Nigeria, which were the Apostolic Faith (1928), the Apostolic Church (1931), the Assemblies of God (1939), and the Christ Apostolic Church (1941).

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Hill, Christopher R. "The activist as geographer: nonviolent direct action in Cold War Germany and postcolonial Ghana, 1959–1960." Journal of Historical Geography 64 (April 2019): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2018.12.005.

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33

Allman, Jean Marie. "The Youngmen and the Porcupine: Class, Nationalism and Asante's Struggle for Self-determination, 1954–57." Journal of African History 31, no. 2 (July 1990): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700025032.

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This article examines the origins, background, composition and policies of the National Liberation Movement, a mass political organization founded in Asante in September, 1954. The central aim of the NLM was to advance Asante claims for self-determination and to oppose the CPP in their advocacy of a constitutional settlement with the British colonial government–a settlement that would bring about a unitary government in an independent Gold Coast [Ghana]. The analysis developed here places the ‘youngmen’ of Asante, the nkwankwaa, at the centre of these events. It is argued that this somewhat enigmatic group was the catalyst behind the formation of the NLM and the resurrection of Asante nationalism that it represented. The nkwankwaa forged a dynamic popular front of resistance in Asante to what they termed the ‘black imperialism’ of Nkrumah and the CPP. In exploring the pivotal role of the nkwankwaa in the rebirth and reconstruction of Asante nationalism, the discussion addresses the legacies of indirect rule in Asante, the importance of cocoa, the development of class, and the ambiguous role of Asante's political intelligentsia. Most crucially, it is suggested that the political development of the NLM turned upon the struggle within Asante between the nkwankwaa and the Asantehene (backed by the chiefs and Asante's political intelligentsia) over the very definition of ‘nation’ and of ‘self-determination’. Thus, the article highlights the historical conflicts and contradictions within Asante society–contradictions which were softened by but not subsumed within Asante nationalism, and conflicts which were distorted, but not overshadowed, by the resilience of Asante Kotoko in the face of the centralized state. The reasons for the tenacity of Asante nationalism lay not in the struggle between Asante and what was to become the Ghanaian state, but in the unresolved struggles within Asante society.

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Meredith, David. "The Colonial Office, British Business Interests and the Reform of Cocoa Marketing in West Africa, 1937–1945." Journal of African History 29, no. 2 (July 1988): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700023689.

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This article examines the actions of the British Colonial Office and British business interests in the international marketing of cocoa from Ghana and Nigeria in the later 1930s, when problems in cocoa marketing were brought to head by the expatriate firms forming a ‘Pool’ and the farmers responding to this — and to a sudden fall in their terms of trade — with a ‘hold-up’, which was followed by a British commission of inquiry, and during the second world war and immediate post-war era, when the C.O. imposed a marketing system designed by the expatriate merchant firms and subsequently decided to make it into a permanent peacetime reorganization. The close contact between the CO. and British firms such as the United Africa Company and Cadbury Bros. is brought out, as is the support given by the officials to these companies before and during the war. A further theme is a certain antipathy displayed by the officials for African capitalists in general and cocoa traders in particular and the way in which the war-time scheme squeezed African and other non-British small cocoa-export firms in many cases out of business.The war-time scheme convinced the C.O. that a peacetime system of fixed buying prices which were set well below the world price was desirable as a means of eradicating ‘middleman abuses’ and of building up large ‘stabilization funds’ to protect the cocoa farmers in future years when prices might fall. Continuation of the scheme was thus seen as an act of trusteeship. It was also attractive to the British Treasury because it maximized U.S. dollar earnings for Britain from the sale of West African cocoa. In contrast to interpretations put forward by some other historians, this article argues that the Colonial Office had close, day-to-day contact with the leading British firms involved, that it strongly supported the ‘Pool’ system before and during the early stages of the war, and that the post-war marketing structure was an outcome of the war-time scheme and not of the Nowell Commission report of 1938. Finally, having lost in an unequal struggle with the expatriate firms and the Colonial Office between 1937 and 1944, African international shippers of cocoa were permanently excluded.

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DORON, ROY. "GHANA'S MILITARY ABROAD - The Abongo Abroad: Military-Sponsored Travel in Ghana, the United States, and the World, 1959–1992. By John V. Clune. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 2017. Pp. 288. $55.00, hardcover (ISBN: 9780826521514)." Journal of African History 60, no. 2 (July 2019): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853719000641.

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36

Lawler, Nancy. "Reform and repression under the Free French: economic and political transformation in the Côte d'Ivoire, 1942–45." Africa 60, no. 1 (January 1990): 88–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160428.

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Opening ParagraphFew dispute the proposition that the Second World War marked the beginning of the end of colonialism in Africa. The thesis developed by Hodgkin (1956), Crowder (1968, 1978) and Schachter-Morgenthau (1964)—that coalitions of African veterans, disgruntled planters, peasants and chiefs gave rise to anti-colonialist, nationalist political movements in the immediate post-war era—has not been seriously challenged. The general acceptance of this view has resulted in a neglect of the history of the colonies during the war years themselves. While there is now a growing interest in this subject, most studies of the independence movements begin with the emergence, in 1946, of recognisable political parties in British and French Africa. They take as starting points such visible events as the Brazzaville Conference, the 1946 French Constitution, the launching of the Convention Peoples Party in Ghana, or the founding of the Rassemblement Démocratique Africaine (RDA) in Bamako. What is needed now are thorough case studies of the specific policies and practices of the imperial powers during the Second World War and a consideration of the extent to which they acted as internal catalysts in the struggle for independence. This article, which is offered as a contribution to that end, looks at one chapter in the war experience of the Cote d'Ivoire.

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Ovendale, Ritchie. "Ghana. Part 1: 1941–1952 and Ghana. Part 2: 1952–1957." International Affairs 69, no. 3 (1993): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2622374.

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AUSTEN, RALPH A. "REVIVING AFRICAN ECONOMIC HISTORY Labour, Land, and Capital in Ghana: from Slavery to Free Labour in Asante, 1807–1956. By GARETH AUSTIN. Rochester NY: University of Rochester Press, 2005. Pp. xxiv+589. £45 (ISBN 1-58046-161-1)." Journal of African History 47, no. 3 (November 2006): 507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853706322438.

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Gerhart, Gail, and Youry Petchenkine. "Ghana: In Search of Stability, 1957-1982." Foreign Affairs 72, no. 3 (1993): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20045695.

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40

Kwasi, Dartey Baah. "Political Leadership in Ghana: 1957 to 2010." African Journal of Political Science and International Relations 9, no. 2 (February 28, 2015): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpsir2014.0730.

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41

Gocking, R. "GARETH AUSTIN. Labour, Land and Capital in Ghana: From Slavery to Free Labour in Asante, 1807-1956. (Rochester Studies in African History and the Diaspora.) Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Press. 2005. Pp. xxiv, 589 $75.00." American Historical Review 111, no. 5 (December 1, 2006): 1641–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.111.5.1641.

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NUGENT, PAUL. "BREAKING WITH ‘TRADITION’ Nkrumah and the Chiefs:The Politics of Chieftaincy in Ghana, 1951–60. By RICHARD RATHBONE. Oxford: James Currey; Accra: F. Reimer; Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 2000. Pp. xi+176. £40 (ISBN 0-85255-771- X); £14.95, paperback (ISBN 0-85255-770-1)." Journal of African History 42, no. 2 (July 2001): 307–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185370139789x.

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43

Rothchild, Donald. "Colonial Bargaining as Tactics: The Ghana Experience, 1954–1957." International Negotiation 10, no. 2 (2005): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1571806054740985.

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AbstractIn the pre-independence conflict between the Nkrumah regime and the Ashanti-led opposition in the Gold Coast, the departing colonial power found itself caught up in an internal confrontation. The NLM and its allies, fearing the shadow of the future, sought to establish credible guarantees against majoritarian rule after independence. The Nkrumah government insisted upon the centralization of political power and majoritarian principles. The effect was to increase minority insecurity and raise inter-group suspicions and tensions. In this situation, the colonial mediator, determined to advance the negotiation process, secured concessions from the Nkrumah regime on the devolution of limited functions and powers to the sub-regions. However, the preconditions for successful official mediation were not present. The CPP offered concessions that disappeared with the advent of independence, and the opposition refused to participate in an implementation process that appeared to offer them uncertain guarantees. Colonial bargaining therefore represented a lost opportunity, one that failed to resolve the commitment problem.

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Asare, J. B. "Mental health profile of Ghana." International Psychiatry 7, no. 3 (July 2010): 67–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600005889.

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Ghana is a West African state that attained independence from Great Britain in 1957 and became a republican state in 1960. Its population is about 22 million (2004 estimate), distributed in ten regions. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 650000 of the population are suffering from severe mental disorder and 2166000 are suffering from moderate to mild mental disorder (see www.who.int/mental_health/policy/country/ghana/en).

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Doortmont, Michel R. "Austin, Gareth. Labour, Land and Capital in Ghana. From Slavery to Free Labour in Asante, 1807–1956. [Rochester Studies in African History and the Diaspora.] University of Rochester Press, Rochester, NY 2005. xxiv, 589 pp. Ill. £50.00; $75.00." International Review of Social History 51, no. 1 (March 30, 2006): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859006052357.

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Osei-Opare. "Uneasy Comrades: Postcolonial Statecraft, Race, and Citizenship, Ghana-Soviet Relations, 1957–1966." Journal of West African History 5, no. 2 (2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/jwestafrihist.5.2.0085.

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Adu-Ampong, Emmanuel Akwasi. "Historical Trajectories of Tourism Development Policies and Planning in Ghana, 1957–2017." Tourism Planning & Development 16, no. 2 (October 26, 2018): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2018.1537002.

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Historical Review, The. "Evrydiki Sifneos (1957-2015)." Historical Review/La Revue Historique 12 (December 30, 2015): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.8798.

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Levey, Zach. "The Rise and Decline of a Special Relationship: Israel and Ghana, 1957-1966." African Studies Review 46, no. 1 (April 2003): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1514985.

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Gyimah-Boadi, Emmanuel. "Politics in Ghana Since 1957: The Quest for Freedom, National Unity, and Prosperity." Ghana Studies 10, no. 1 (2007): 107–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ghs.2007.0004.

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