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1
Asamoah, Catherine, Harry Akussah, and Adams Musah. "Recordkeeping and disaster management in public sector institutions in Ghana." Records Management Journal 28, no. 3 (November 19, 2018): 218–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rmj-01-2018-0001.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the disaster management procedures and measures adopted by public institutions in managing their information resources with a view to identifying possible problems and making recommendations for their resolution. Design/methodology/approach Questionnaires, interviews and observation were used to collect data from 65 respondents from 19 ministries and five respondents from the Public Records and Archives Administration Department (PRAAD) and the National Disaster Management Organization (NADMO). Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyze the data collected for the study. Findings In the 19 ministries surveyed, the findings revealed high levels of unpreparedness to manage disasters concerning public records. The study also revealed the exposure of the ministries to various kinds of risks in their operations, and the lack of coordination between the heads of public sector institutions, NADMO and PRAAD. Also, inadequate budgetary allocation for the records department of the ministries and PRAAD was identified. Research limitations/implications The study concentrated on the headquarters (HQ) of the ministries because they are the administrative headquarters of public sector institutions and they make policies that are complied with by all the Regional and District branches as well as the Departments and Agencies in executing their tasks. The major limitation of the study was the inability of the researcher to cover all the ministries. Practical implications The recommendations made included cooperation among heads of the ministries, PRAAD and NADMO to develop a national information disaster management plan for the effective management of public records and information and a comprehensive program in public institutions to orientate staff on information disaster management. Social implications The study set the tone for public sector institutions and other institutions in the same area of operation to review the processes and procedures with regard to recordkeeping. Also, the study is anticipated to draw the attention of policy-makers (management of the ministries) and regulatory bodies in the field of records and disaster management (PRAAD and NADMO) to review their plans and policies to make provision for information disaster management. Originality/value The study is a research paper and critically looks at the disaster preparedness of public sector institutions in managing their records/information. It also examines whether there are any collaboration and coordination among public sector institutions in Ghana in having disaster preparedness and management plan to safeguard public records/information.
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Owusu-Kwateng, Kwame, Munir Abdul Hamid, and Bernice Debrah. "Disaster relief logistics operation: an insight from Ghana." International Journal of Emergency Services 6, no. 1 (May 2, 2017): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijes-10-2016-0022.
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Purpose Coordinating logistics in the midst of a relief operation is often an overwhelming job that can jeopardise the human life and assets if not done rapidly and practicably. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of relief logistics in a disaster situation in Ghana with emphasis on the coordination of emergency relief operation and effectiveness of inventory management. Design/methodology/approach A stratified sampling method was employed to a sample of 134 respondents from regional, district and municipal offices in the National Disaster Management Organisation in Ghana using a self-administered questionnaire. Findings The findings from this study revealed an effective assessment time but late delivery of relief items. They also revealed issues with respect to resource availability, inventory management and coordination with relief actors which resulted in slow response to affected population. Practical implications The result from this study reveals an ineffective disaster relief response. The practical implications of this issue have been highlighted. In addition, ways to effectively address this issue have been discussed. Originality/value Drawing insight from previous work and study finding, the paper presents a framework for effective relief logistics operation focussing on all relevant actors in each phase of disaster.
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Nikolić, Vesna, Mirjana Galjak, and Josip Taradi. "Disaster risk management and community resilience." Sigurnost 62, no. 2 (July 8, 2020): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31306/s.62.2.3.
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SAŽETAK: Prirodne katastrofe događaju se svuda u svijetu. One predstavljaju mnoge izazove društvu i pojedincima. Ti izazovi zahtijevaju da ljudi i zajednice budu pripravni i sposobni za učinkovit odgovor koji će ubrzati ponovnu uspostavu društvenog poretka i funkcioniranje društva. Učinkovit odgovor neke zajednice uključuje definiranje strategija za smanjenje rizika od prirodnih katastrofa, a one se sastoje od više elemenata: održavanje izgrađenog okoliša, razvoj sustava upozoravanja, razvoj znanja i sposobnosti za zajednički odgovor itd. Kako procesi upozoravanja i umanjivanja šteta nikad nisu potpuno učinkoviti, razvoj otpornog društva mora se usredotočiti na učenje i razvijanje znanja o zajednici, razumijevanje opasnosti i razvoj sposobnosti za odgovor i prilagodbu.
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Morton Hamer, Melinda J., Paul L. Reed, Jane D. Greulich, Gabor D. Kelen, Nicole A. Bradstreet, and Charles W. Beadling. "The West Africa Disaster Preparedness Initiative: Strengthening National Capacities for All-Hazards Disaster Preparedness." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 11, no. 4 (November 24, 2016): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.155.
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AbstractObjectiveThe Ebola outbreak demonstrated the need for improved disaster response throughout West Africa. The West Africa Disaster Preparedness Initiative was a training and assessment effort led by US Africa Command and partners to strengthen capacities among 12 West African partner nations (PNs).MethodsSeries of 3-week training sessions with representatives from each PN were held from 13 July through 20 November 2015 at the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre in Accra, Ghana. A team conducted Disaster Management Capabilities Assessments (DMCAs) for each PN, including a review of key data, a survey for leaders, and in-person interviews of key informants.ResultsAll 12 PNs generated a national Ebola Preparedness and Response Plan and Emergency Operations Center standard operating procedures. DMCA metrics were generated for each PN. Top performers included Ghana, with a plan rated good/excellent, and Benin and Burkina Faso, which both achieved a satisfactory rating for their plans. More than 800 people from 12 nations were trained.ConclusionPNs have improved disaster management capabilities and awareness of their strengths and weaknesses. The Economic Community of West African States has increased its lead role in this and future planned initiatives. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:431–438)
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Simpson, Kweku Bedu, and Aloysius Sam. "Strategies for health and safety management in Ghana." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 2 (September 18, 2019): 431–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-07-2019-0189.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the contemporary strategies for Health and Safety (H&S) management practices at the construction sites in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach The study used a mixed method approach in conducting a cross-sectional survey at 28 active construction sites in the Kumasi and Accra metropolises of Ghana using questionnaires and interview guide by using purposive, convenience and snowball sampling techniques. Data were collected from 170 survey respondents and 18 interview participants comprising artisans and management staff. Findings On H&S management practices, the study found that most construction sites have policies for H&S delivery and are duly followed and enforced. Nonetheless, construction workers moderately agreed that there was reward for; the avoidance and reduction of accidents and illnesses, good H&S behaviour and provision for insurance and hospital claims. It was also revealed that most of the construction sites adopt either one or a combination of mandatory H&S standards. Generally, most workers possessed a fairly positive perception about the H&S management practices at their sites and were either satisfied or very satisfied with its performance. Research limitations/implications Generalizing the findings beyond the study areas is limited because of the use of the non-probability sampling techniques. Originality/value This study focused on the active construction sites in the study areas to investigate their H&S practices against the backdrop of numerous publications describing the general H&S situation in Ghana as poor. It revealed the current H&S performance of the construction sites for the benefit of the construction industry, researchers and the academia.
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SEKIGUCHI, Nobuyasu, Hiroyasu OHTSU, Tooru YASUDA, Ryuutarou IZU, and Kenji TAKAHASHI. "STUDY ON ROAD SLOPE DISASTER PREVENTION INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT S YSTEM." Journal of Construction Management, JSCE 15 (2008): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/procm.15.141.
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Donovan, J. Ward, Joseph J. Trautlein, Kenneth L. Miller, and H. Arnold Muller. "Disaster Management During a Nuclear Accident." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): 404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00045283.
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Disaster preparedness as developed by civil authorities and hospitals has not adequately addressed the special characteristics of mass casualties from nuclear accidents, as demonstrated during the accident at the Three Mile Island (TMI) Nuclear Power Generating Plant. Experiences gained by the Radiation Emergency Task Force of the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, established during the TMI incident, have resulted in reexamination of emregency medical services (EMS) systems response, population and hospital evacuation, decontamination procedures, communications, triage and psychologic impact during such an event. From these investigations, it is now possible to restructure disaster protocols to accommodate accidents involving toxic contamination. Although this report primarily deals with nuclear accidents, it is also useful in planning for large-scale biologic or chemical accidents.
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Adu-Gyamfi, Samuel, Kwasi Amakye-Boateng, Henry Tettey Yartey, Aminu Dramani, and Victor Nii Adoteye. "Nuclear Energy in Ghana? History, Science and Policy." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 8, no. 3 (December 13, 2017): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v8i3.1972.
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This paper discusses the issue of nuclear energy in Ghana, although the country is not operating a nuclear plant, the study focuses on the energy crisis that persistently hit the country and government’s plans to opt for nuclear energy as part of Ghana’s energy’s mix to cater for the shortfalls in Ghana’s electricity generation. Ghana after independence decided to add nuclear energy into its energy mix to promote industrialization and make Ghana an industrial hub and investment destination as well as make it a net exporter of power in Africa. In spite of this plan for a nuclear plant resurfacing within contemporary discourse, there has been a strong opposition against the country going nuclear, citing some safety and security issues which are sometimes fueled by lack of an in depth knowledge of what nuclear energy really entails. Qualitative research approach was employed to investigate Ghana’s drive for attaining its initial plans for a nuclear plant. Data has been retrieved from both primary and secondary sources. The analysis of the data collected revealed that Ghana’s inability to operate a nuclear plant is as a result of fear of a nuclear disaster like it happened at Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania, USA, Chernobyl in Ukraine and Fukishima Daichi in Japan, as well as the safety of the nuclear plants and the radioactive wastes emitted into the environment. The study revealed that this fear of people regarding nuclear energy is over-emphasized and again the major nuclear disasters that have rocked the world were caused by human error; in most cases security warnings were ignored. The study established that the delay in executing the plans are due to monetary challenges since building a nuclear plant involves a lot of money. This notwithstanding, Ghana has enough skilled nuclear scientists to manage the country’s nuclear plants should any be built.
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Macnight Ngwese, Nsioh, Osamu Saito, Akiko Sato, Yaw Agyeman Boafo, and Godfred Jasaw. "Traditional and Local Knowledge Practices for Disaster Risk Reduction in Northern Ghana." Sustainability 10, no. 3 (March 15, 2018): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10030825.
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Agyenim-Boateng, Cletus, and Kofi Oduro-Boateng. "Accounting for disasters." Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies 9, no. 3 (August 12, 2019): 422–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaee-04-2017-0048.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate disaster accountability process, and it seeks to advocate for involvement of victims as salient stakeholders in the accountability process. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopt a case study of the 3rd June, 2015 flood disaster and fire that occurred in Accra, Ghana and draw mainly on interviews, as well as observations and a review of publicly available documents. Findings Several actors are involved in disaster management in Ghana. These actors play several roles as part of the disaster management process. Coordination is observed among some governmental actors. However, there is a little collaboration among these actors. There are, therefore, no clear accountability relationships between the actors. Moreover, the forms of accountability process are largely upward and internal. So, although we find the victims as salient stakeholders, their perspectives are not prioritised as part of the accountability process. Research limitations/implications As a result of less engagement with victims in the accountability process, a central accountability concern, outcomes, namely, benefits for victims in terms of changes in their knowledge, status, attitudes, values, skills, behaviours or conditions were not promoted. Downward accountability should be encouraged to promote better outcomes. Originality/value Although some studies on accounting for disasters have been undertaken, there is none in our local context, and also this study has been able to uncover under-representation of victims in the accountability process using adaptive accountability lens.
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Bhattarai, Raj Kumar. "Behind Disaster Management: Resiliency in Cultural Configuration." Journal of Business and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 88–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbss.v1i1.22831.
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The paper discovers the worth of a resilient culture in the course of disaster management following 2015’s Nepal Earthquake. An empirical investigation into the activities of rescues, rescuers, government authorities, humanitarian agencies, and civil societies indicates that the effectiveness of rescue, relief, recovery, and reconstruction activities are influenced by their cultural resiliency. The discovery process involved field visits, personal observation and experience, interviews, literature review and discourse analysis as well as interpretation. The study concentrated on the issues concerning the areas of rescue operations, logistics, information sharing, supply chains, shelter management, relief packages distribution, actors’ coordination, and socio-cultural immunity and elasticity to the crisis conditions. This paper draws a conclusion that resilience in cultural configuration enhances effectiveness in the process of disaster management.
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Bhattarai, Raj Kumar. "Behind Disaster Management: Resiliency in Cultural Configuration." Journal of Business and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 88–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbss.v2i1.22831.
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The paper discovers the worth of a resilient culture in the course of disaster management following 2015’s Nepal Earthquake. An empirical investigation into the activities of rescues, rescuers, government authorities, humanitarian agencies, and civil societies indicates that the effectiveness of rescue, relief, recovery, and reconstruction activities are influenced by their cultural resiliency. The discovery process involved field visits, personal observation and experience, interviews, literature review and discourse analysis as well as interpretation. The study concentrated on the issues concerning the areas of rescue operations, logistics, information sharing, supply chains, shelter management, relief packages distribution, actors’ coordination, and socio-cultural immunity and elasticity to the crisis conditions. This paper draws a conclusion that resilience in cultural configuration enhances effectiveness in the process of disaster management.
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Mashreky, S. R., S. Bari, S. L. Sen, A. Rahman, T. F. Khan, and F. Rahman. "Managing burn patients in a fire disaster: Experience from a burn unit in Bangladesh." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 43, S 01 (September 2010): S131—S135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1699470.
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ABSTRACTAlthough burn disaster is not a frequent event, with urbanisation and industrialisation, burn disaster is becoming an emerging problem in Bangladesh. On 3 June 2010, a fire disaster killed 124 people in Neemtali, Dhaka, Bangladesh. This paper narrates the management of burn patients of this disaster in the burn unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. The burn unit managed 192 burn victims of the disaster. Forty-two victims were admitted and 150 of them received primary care at the emergency room and were sent back home. Ten patients among 42 in-patients died. The in-patient mortality was 23.8%. Burn unit in Dhaka Medical College Hospital is the only burn management centre in Bangladesh. Proper planning and coordinated effort by all sectors and persons concerned were the key elements in this successful management.
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Solfiah, Yeni Solfiah, Devi Risma, Hukmi, and Rita Kurnia. "Early Childhood Disaster Management Media Through Picture Story Books." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/141.10.
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Indonesia is a country that has a high potential for natural disasters. Picture story book is a form of disaster management learning that can help children from an early age to prepare for a natural disaster. The aims of this study to develop story books as a disaster management learning media, to improve knowledge and skills of children and teacher about the understanding, principles, and actions of rescue when facing the natural disasters, to increase the teacher’s learning quality in disaster management. Developmental research approach is used to execute the study. A total of 48 children aged 5-6 years have to carry out pre-test and post-test. Pre-test data shows that children's knowledge about disaster management with an average of 47.92% and its improved at post-test with 76,88%. Five theme of story books involves floods, landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, lands and forest fires is the product. Dissemination of five story books are proper for children and improve their understanding of disaster management.
Keywords: Early Childhood Education, Management Disaster, Storybooks
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Ido, Masahiro. "Planning Strategies for Disaster Debris Management from a SMW Consultant′s Viewpoint." Material Cycles and Waste Management Research 24, no. 6 (November 30, 2013): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/mcwmr.24.434.
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N. Madu, Christian, and Chu-Hua Kuei. "Disaster relief supply chain quality management (DRSCQM)." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 31, no. 9 (September 30, 2014): 1052–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-08-2013-0136.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for disaster relief supply chain quality management (DRSCQM). Design/methodology/approach – This paper introduces a structured approach to making decisions in the following areas: system foundation, system constraints, initial sudden natural disaster encounter point(s), the intensity of disaster, the efficacy of the disaster relief supply chain systems, and post-disaster relief management. Findings – The context-intervention-mechanism-outcome logic provides guidelines for facilitating Lean Six Sigma to eliminate wastes and improve the overall performance of the DRSCQM. Research limitations/implications – The theoretical frameworks will enhance the current knowledge base in DRSCQM literature and will also be helpful to manage disaster relief operations and supply chains. However, there is a need to conduct empirical studies based on the proposed frameworks in the future. Practical implications – A transformation process based on Dr Deming's plan-do-check-act cycle has also been proposed to show how a relief organization can assess its current maturity level, react to it, develop more sustainable disaster relief practices, and move the entire system in the right direction. Social implications – The systemic and holistic procedure developed in this paper views the environment of disaster relief as dynamic, complex, chaotic, and ever-changing and takes into account the fact that relief organizations’ actions often involve a team of diverse specialists working on a project basis. Originality/value – The framework presented here helps to improve the efficiency and the effectiveness of disaster relief supply chain management. This is timely and important now as there continues to be an increase in climate-related natural disasters.
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Djimesah, Isaac Edem, Agnes Naa Dedei Okine, and Kingsford Kissi Mireku. "Influential factors in creating warning systems towards flood disaster management in Ghana: An analysis of 2007 Northern flood." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 28 (June 2018): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.03.012.
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Song, Youngseok, and Moojong Park. "Rainfall Standard of Disaster Prediction for Agricultural Droughts in S. Korea." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 22, 2020): 7423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217423.
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With the climate change adding to the frequency and intensity of natural disasters, drought has devastated large areas of lands in South Korea. Still, the exact beginning and end of the drought is difficult to identify, and this impedes the development and implementation of disaster predictions. Although the drought phenomenon has been well-documented, predictions thereof are limited due to the non-linear and complex temporal fluctuations of the hydrologic factors. Hence, this study set up some reference points for disaster-prediction rainfall based on South Korea’s agricultural drought damage data, to help in drought relief. To set up the proposed reference points for disaster-prediction rainfall, we analyzed rainfall in light of the disaster-prevention relevance to agricultural droughts and the disaster reduction. As an analysis method, rainfall of municipality was calculated through Thiessen’s polygonal method, to apply rainfall weighting value for each rainfall observatory. In addition, the linear regression analysis was applied to suggest the calculation formula for setting the annual disaster reduction rainfall. The results of this study, standard of judgment point for disaster prevention of agricultural drought at the time of disaster management, were analyzed for rainfall for local governments and the whole country. Rather than using various drought indices that are currently developed, policy makers or public servant made suggestions based on rainfall that is most accessible and convenient for judging the timing of agricultural drought. As the disaster-prevention rainfall with agricultural droughts is expected to occur, we established the average annual rainfall of ≤1200 or 100 mm below the preceding year’s average annual rainfall. Moreover, as the disaster-reduction rainfall for agricultural droughts to end, we determined the average monthly rainfall of ≥150 mm.
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Ansah, S. O., M. A. Ahiataku, C. K. Yorke, F. Otu-Larbi, Bashiru Yahaya, P. N. L. Lamptey, and M. Tanu. "Meteorological Analysis of Floods in Ghana." Advances in Meteorology 2020 (March 24, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4230627.
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The first episodes of floods caused by heavy rainfall during the major rainy season in 2018 occurred in Accra (5.6°N and 0.17°W), a coastal town, and Kumasi (6.72°N and 1.6°W) in the forest region on the 18th and 28th of June, respectively. We applied the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to investigate and examine the meteorological dynamics, which resulted in the extreme rainfall and floods that caused 14 deaths, 34076 people being displaced with damaged properties, and economic loss estimated at $168,289 for the two cities according to the National Disaster Management Organization (NADMO). The slow-moving thunderstorms lasted for about 8 hours due to the weak African Easterly Wave (AEW) and Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ). Results from the analysis showed that surface pressures were low with significant amount of moisture influx aiding the thunderstorms intensification, which produced 90.1 mm and 114.6 mm of rainfall over Accra and Kumasi, respectively. We compared the rainfall amount from this event to the historical rainfall data to investigate possible changes in rainfall intensities over time. A time series of annual daily maximum rainfall (ADMR) showed an increasing trend with a slope of 0.45 over Accra and a decreasing trend and a slope of –0.07 over Kumasi. The 95th percentile frequencies of extreme rainfall with thresholds of 45.10 mm and 42.16 mm were analyzed for Accra and Kumasi, respectively, based on the normal distribution of rainfall. Accra showed fewer days with more heavy rainfall, while Kumasi showed more days with less heavy rainfalls.
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Rostyawan, Aldy. "Management Risk: Mitigating The Loss of Natural Disaster." DIALEKTIKA : Jurnal Ekonomi dan Ilmu Sosial 2, no. 1 (February 21, 2017): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36636/dialektika.v2i1.233.
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AbstraksiBencana alam bukanlah hal yang baru, namun cara untuk mengurangi dampaknya masihberkembang. Hal ini karena bencana alam saat ini menjadi lebih ganas, dan juga karena tanahyang orang klaim dan kembangkan kini telah mengarah ke daerah yang memiliki resiko tinggiakan bencana alam yang membuat para ahli terus mengembangkan cara untuk meminimalkankerugiannya. Ketika bencana alam terjadi di sebuah negara, itu akan berdampak padaperekonomian negara tersebut. Tulisan ini akan menjelaskan apa dampak langsung dan tidaklangsung yang bencana alam lakukan kepada suatu negara sambil menyajikan beberapa metodetentang bagaimana cara untuk mengurangi dampak dari bencana alam yang disediakan olehIMF.Kata Kunci: Manajemen Resiko, Ekonomi, Pencegahan, Bencana Alam.AbstractNatural disasters are by no means new, yet the way to mitigate the impact of it still evolving. It isbecause nowadays natural disasters become more and more violent, and it is also because theland that people claim and develop now been pushed to area that has higher risk of occurrenceof natural disaster that the expert keep evolving the way to minimize loss. When natural disasteroccurred in a country, it will have impact on the country economy. This paper will explain whatis the direct and indirect impact that natural disaster done to the country while also includingsome method on how to mitigate the impact of natural disaster that provided by IMF.Key Word’s: Management Risk, Economy, Mitigation, Natural Disaster.
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Mutizwa, Bismark. "An Investigation into Organisation Capacity for National Disaster Management in Zimbabwe: The Case of the Department of Civil Protection." International Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Science 4, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ij-humass-0401.207.
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Across the globe, disasters – both natural and man-made – have threatened humanity. These disasters had grave and devastating impact on human life, infrastructure, and the environment as evidenced by the February 2000 Cyclone Eline and March 2019 Cyclone Idai. This research sought to investigate the Department of Civil Protection`s (DCP) capacity in national disaster management. The research examines how the DCP handled cyclones from 2000-2019 in Chimanimani District. Organisational capacity was assessed on the basis of its core principles which are: leadership, management and operations, community engagement, service and evaluation. The study discovered that inadequate financial and human resources, poor emergency response systems, weak learning and lessons drawing, reactive disaster management, weak pre-disaster management community engagement, poor reconstruction and failure to harmonise military and DCP operational structures are factors undermining DCP`s capacity for national disaster management. The research recommends that government should avail adequate resources, DCP should be proactive in disaster management, should openly contract-out reconstruction works, and collaborate with universities to strengthen organisational learning capacity, align military and DCP operational structures and processes and let Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO) distribute food and other humanitarian aid.
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Boadu, Elijah Frimpong, Riza Yosia Sunindijo, and Cynthia Changxin Wang. "Health and Safety Consideration in the Procurement of Public Construction Projects in Ghana." Buildings 11, no. 3 (March 20, 2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11030128.
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This study explored the extent to which health and safety (H&S) are considered in the procurement of public sector projects in Ghana. This is based on the background that procurement decisions have implications for project H&S management. The enormous size of public procurement projects offers opportunities for public clients to influence the behaviour of the construction market including the promotion of H&S through procurement. To date, no study has fully assessed the extent of H&S considerations in procurement decisions for public sector construction projects in Ghana. To fill this gap, this research has provided an evidence-based assessment of H&S considerations in the various stages of the procurement process for public sector projects in Ghana. Through a questionnaire survey, data were collected from construction industry professionals in Ghana. The data were subjected to statistical analysis to evaluate the extent of H&S considerations. The findings suggest that H&S is given low priority in the procurement of public projects, because clear project objectives relating to H&S are not set, and adequate consideration is not given to H&S at the various procurement stages. Based on the findings, this research has made recommendations to promote H&S in public procurement in Ghana.
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Le Roux, Tanya, and Dewald Van Niekerk. "Challenges in stakeholders self-organising to enhance disaster communication." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 25, no. 1 (November 19, 2019): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-07-2019-0078.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to combine disaster risk reduction (DRR) and communication management literature to investigate the challenges and opportunities encountered when stakeholders spontaneously self-organise communication efforts during a disaster. The 2017 Knysna Fire Disaster in South Africa is used as the context. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative, exploratory research was supported by data obtained through thematic analysis of qualitative in-depth interviews and the Facebook page created by the community. Information from the disaster debrief was also included. Findings The findings suggest that disaster information needs to be sent every 30 s to a minute to coordinate rescue and relief efforts. The challenges for disaster management teams to manage this mammoth task and the role that the self-organising community played in assisting the communication process was found not to be recognised in disaster management policies or systems. This adversely affected the work of the disaster management team and stakeholder relationship. Research limitations/implications This study focussed on one disaster. Future studies could possibly compare various disaster examples to provide even greater insight into the self-organising communicative behaviour of those affected by disasters. Originality/value The research gives one of the first clear indications of the scope of disaster communication needed during a disaster. It also highlights the community’s ability to contribute to communication management during a disaster, and which is not catered for in the practice, guidelines or management systems used for disaster management.
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Annor-Asubonteng, Joseph, Callistus Tengan, Tom Mboya Asigri, and Napoleon Kuebutornye D. K. "Investigating the Cost Management Practices of Indigenous Firms in the Ghanaian Construction Industry." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 5(J) (November 3, 2018): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i5(j).2507.
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Cost management is key to project implementation and an important tool for maximizing profit nonetheless it has been a major challenge for most indigenous construction firms in Ghana. The study seeks to investigate the important factors influencing cost management practices among indigenous construction firms in Ghana and to ascertain whether there is a significant difference between the responses of the categories of the firm (construction and consultancy firms) in Ghana. A total of 82 questionnaires were retrieved from 100 administered questionnaires to professionals with indigenous construction firms representing 82% response rate. Data gathered were analyzed descriptively using Mean Item Score (MIS) via SPSS version 24 to identify the most important factors. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy and Bartlett’s test of sphericity conducted showed a KMO score of 0.894. Bartlett’s test of sphericity also revealed a significance level of 0.000 (p˂0.05). The ANOVA suggest that there is no significant difference between the responses between the categories of firms. Indigenous firms are encouraged therefore to consider managing disagreement between project team members by ensuring constant project implementation meetings and to understand ground conditions of projects by visiting proposed sites prior to estimation and tendering. Finally, communication and expenditure control measures should be enhanced and introduced respectively. The implication of this study while contributing to the discourse on cost management practices of indigenous constructions firms in Ghana, also outlines the major (highly ranked) factors influencing indigenous firms in the management of project cost, before, during and after project implementation.
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Lin, Ciyun, Yongli Yu, Dayong Wu, and Bowen Gong. "Traffic Flow Catastrophe Border Identification for Urban High-Density Area Based on Cusp Catastrophe Theory: A Case Study under Sudden Fire Disaster." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (May 4, 2020): 3197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093197.
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For traffic management under sudden disasters in high-density areas, the first and foremost step is to prevent traffic congestion in the disaster-affected area by traffic flow management and control, so as to provide enough and flexible traffic capacity for emergency evacuation and emergency rescue. Catastrophe border identification is the foundation and the key to traffic congestion prediction under sudden disaster. This paper uses a mathematical model to study the regional traffic flow in the high-density area under sudden fire disaster based on the Cusp Catastrophe Theory (CCT). The catastrophe border is identified by fitting the CCT-based regional traffic flow model to explore the stable traffic flow changing to the instable state, as to provide a theoretical basis for traffic flow management and control in disaster-affected areas, and to prevent the traffic flow being caught into disorder and congestion. Based on VISSIM simulator data by building simulation scenarios with and without sudden fire disaster in a Sudoku traffic network, the catastrophe border is identified as 439 pcu/lane/h, 529 pcu/lane/h, 377 pcu/lane/h at 5 s, 10 s, 15 s data collection interval in a Sudoku traffic network respectively. The corresponding relative precision, which compares to the method of Capacity Assessment Approach (CAA), is 89.1%, 92.7% and 76.5% respectively. It means that 10 s data collection interval would be the suitable data collection interval in catastrophe border identification and regional traffic flow control in high-density area under sudden fire disaster.
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Samaddar, Subhajyoti, Muneta Yokomatsu, Frederick Dayour, Martin Oteng-Ababio, Togbiga Dzivenu, Mujeeb Adams, and Hirohiko Ishikawa. "Evaluating Effective Public Participation in Disaster Management and Climate Change Adaptation: Insights From Northern Ghana Through a User-Based Approach." Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy 6, no. 1 (March 2015): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rhc3.12075.
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Motamedi, Mohammad Hosein Kalantar, Masoud Saghafinia, Azadeh Hassani Bafarani, and Farzad Panahi. "A Reassessment and Review of the Bam Earthquake Five Years Onward: What Was Done Wrong?" Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 24, no. 5 (October 2009): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00007317.
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AbstractIntroduction:An earthquake measuring 6.6 on the Richter scale on 23 December 2003 devastated the city of Bam in southeastern Iran. During the response and recovery phases, considerable shortcomings were discovered. The dire situation in the affected area, a variety of urgently required interventions, and the large number of aid organizations involved brought about difficulties in management, coordination, and communication among authorities and aid organizations. This article highlights flaws in management in the var-ious aspects of this disaster in order to assess what was done, and what should be done to overcome these shortcomings in future disasters.Methods:A retrospective review of the various aspects of management related to the Bam disaster was done via the assessment of files, multi-center studies, governmental data, and available literature from 2003–2008.Results:A review of the available data relevant to search and rescue (S&R) operations and short-term aid provision revealed flaws in different aspects of disaster management including personnel, the transfer of the injured, availability medical supplies, treatment planning, problems concerning the composition of treatment forces dispatched to the region, distribution of tasks among treatment workers, transferring of equipment, availability of facilities, and lack of coordination among the organizations responsible for the management of the disaster. Most of the aforementioned issues have been addressed.Conclusions:A comprehensive disaster management plan must not be limited only to the response phase, but rather must include: preparedness, recovery with optimal legislation and budgeting, improvement of healthcare facilities, and organized communication channels between the different governmental departments. This important issue has been addressed, and a disaster management organization under the supervision of the President has been established, developing a national S&R strategy and protocol for unified managerial organization, an alert system, an international disaster command system (under which S&R and emergency medical service teams can be deployed, increasing the efficacy and coordination of the arrival of foreign teams and the con-struction field hospitals), and developing a flowchart to coordinate international agencies and the domestic authorities in charge. Continuous education, training of the general population, conducting periodic exercise drills, and provision for prepared task force mobilization in disaster management all are important aspects of the management of disasters due to natural hazards.
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Anam, Agus Khoirul, Sri Winarni, and Budi Susatya. "The Effectiveness Of Disaster Training Improving Knowledge, Attitude And Skill Nursing Disaster For Disaster Preparedness Kelud Erruption Blitar City." Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2015): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v2i2.art.p108-114.
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Introduction: Disaster preparedness is a series of efforts made to anticipate the disaster through organizing as well as the steps effectively and usefull. Identification of factors influencing nursing preparedness is beneficial in the preparation of government programs related to nursing preparedness in disaster management and nurses understand the factors that need to be considered.This study aimed to identify the efectiveness of disaster training to enhance knowledge, attitude and skill nurses in disaster management.Methode :This research is pre experimental pretest posttest design . The number of samples is s 30 nurses who were in the Disaster-prone Region Kelud in Blitar district and the study was conducted on Oktober 16. Result of analysis used wilcoxon significancy 0,000 ( p< 0,05 ) that shows the dfference influencing knowledge, attitude and skill nurses after Disaster Training . Discussion: Disaster Training is very important to improve nursing preparedness in facing disaster. Nurse assocation and goverment must be able to give good support for disaster nurse.
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Vossoughi, Sarah, Jeffrey L. Winters, Edwin A. Burgstaler, and Joseph Schwartz. "The ABC 's of disaster management: Managing apheresis operations during the SARS‐CoV ‐2 pandemic." Journal of Clinical Apheresis 35, no. 4 (June 30, 2020): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jca.21803.
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Tasantab, Jerry Chati, Thayaparan Gajendran, Jason von Meding, and Kim Maund. "Perceptions and deeply held beliefs about responsibility for flood risk adaptation in Accra Ghana." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 11, no. 5 (April 23, 2020): 631–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-11-2019-0076.
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Purpose Climate change is predicted to increase the vulnerability of urban populations to flood hazards. Against this backdrop, flood risk adaptation has become pertinent. However, in Ghana, current flood risk management practice is fostered by a reactive culture. There is limited research on how communities and government agencies are engaging with flood risk adaptation in improving resilience. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the culture of communities and agencies through the cultural theory of risk (CTR), towards understanding the flood risk adaptation in Accra, Ghana. Culture is deciphered using the beliefs held by residents and public agency officials. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative methodology, underpinned by the constructivist paradigm, was adopted to understand factors that influence flood risk adaptation in informal settlements. Data was gathered using household and institutional interviews in Glefe, Accra, Ghana. Findings The results show that both disaster risk management institutions and community members are deeply concerned about current and future flood risk. However, their cultural beliefs concerning flood risk and adaptation are contradictory, broadly framed by fatalist, individualist and hierarchist beliefs. The contradictory emergent beliefs contribute to a clash of expectations and create uncertainty about how to respond to flood risk, impacting the implementation of required adaptation measures. Developing a collaborative flood risk management framework and a shared understanding of adaptation approaches may be a better alternative. Originality/value This paper advances understanding of how culture influences flood risk adaptation in developing country context.
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Zdravkovic, Milan, Ovidiu Noran, Hervé Panetto, and Miroslav Trajanovic. "Enabling interoperability as a property of ubiquitous systems for disaster management." Computer Science and Information Systems 12, no. 3 (2015): 1009–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis141031011z.
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The advent of the future Internet-of-Things brings about increasing complexity and diversification of Enterprise Information Systems, which makes interoperability a critical requirement towards their scalability and sustainable development. This is especially evident in the disaster management area, which typically involves a highly heterogeneous set of institutions and organisations responsible for delivering emergency response services who often fail to rise up to the task, mainly due to a lack of proper collaboration. As the legacy consideration of the interoperability paradigm appears to fail in meeting these challenges, in this paper we define Interoperability as a Property (IaaP) of every ubiquitous system. In doing so, we use an anthropomorphic perspective to formally define IaaP?s enabling attributes (namely, awareness, perceptivity, intelligence and extroversion), with the objective of taking initial steps towards a Theory of Interoperability of Everything (IoE). The identified concepts and their interrelations are illustrated by the presented IoE ontology.
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Adam, Anokye, and Edward Quansah. "Effects of working capital management policies on shareholders’ value: Evidence from listed manufacturing firms in Ghana." Panoeconomicus 66, no. 5 (2019): 659–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan161206027a.
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This study has sought to determine the effects of working capital management policies on shareholder value creation for six manufacturing firms listed at the Ghana Stock Exchange for the period of 2000-2013. Data were gathered from the annual reports of the firms and the publication of Ghana Stock Exchange. The study employed a longitudinal explanatory non-experimental research design applied to a dynamic panel Autoregressive Distributed Lags methodology framework for analysing the data. The results indicated that conservative current asset investment policies increase economic value added (EVA), whereas aggressive current asset investment policies enhance market-to-book ratio and Tobin?s Q in the long-run. On the other hand, conservative current asset financing policies enhance market-to-book ratio, Tobin?s Q, and EVA in the longrun. Thus, investors discount aggressive current assets? financing policies. A firm pursuing an aggressive current asset investment policy should balance it with a conservative current asset financing policy to create value for its shareholders.
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Zaman, Maniza S., and Sandro Calvani. "The World Heath Organization's Disaster Reduction Policies in Africa at the Dawn of 1990's: Steps in the Right Direction?" Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 6, no. 2 (June 1991): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00028405.
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AbstractThe World Health Organization, Panafrican Centre for Emergency Preparedness and Response (WHO/EPR) was established in 1988, and officially opened in March 1989, as a practical and functional response to the identified need for a regional institution to deal effectively with the health and related consequences of both natural and man-made disasters. The principal objective of the Centre is to aid member countries in the prevention and/or reduction of the adverse health effects of disasters, be they direct or indirect, by strengthening national capacities for disaster preparedness and response. The WHO has reoriented its disaster operations unit to incorporate preparedness activities, particularly within an overall developmental framework which is crucial for reducing losses, both human and material, in the event of a disaster. In keeping with this focus, the Centre has defined its goals and activities: development of national disaster preparedness programs; training of national and international personnel in health emergency preparedness and response; production and dissemination of technical publications on disaster preparedness and management; undertaking risk assessment missions; and executing relevant research projects.
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Toyoda, Yusuke. "A Framework of Simulation and Gaming for Enhancing Community Resilience Against Large-Scale Earthquakes: Application for Achievements in Japan." Simulation & Gaming 51, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 180–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046878119899424.
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Background. The significance of mutual-help in communities for disaster management is a fundamental important concept. However, the current societal state does not reflect this lesson. S&G (Simulation and Gaming) has the potential to overcome the challenges faced in promoting community-based disaster management. No scientific research is currently present that reviews their achievements in Japan. Aim. This paper analyzes the current achievements of S&G in enhancing community resilience against large-scale earthquakes in Japan. Method. The paper clarifies the theoretical advantages of S&G in enhancing community resilience in coping and adaptive capacity plus proposes a conceptual contribution framework of S&G in improving community resilience. Based on this framework, the paper analyzes some major games that tackle community resilience against earthquakes in Japan. Results. The paper demonstrates the achievements through the S&G spectrum that stresses the disastrous experience with specific resilience views on one side, while decision making for critical reflection from other players with more comprehensive resilience views on the other side. Conclusion. The paper showcases the current S&G achievements in enhancing community resilience against large-scale earthquakes in Japan using the proposed framework, which can be utilized by other disaster-prone countries to develop and evaluate applications of S&G for increasing community resilience against earthquakes.
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Baba, H., T. Watanabe, K. Miyata, and H. Matsumoto. "Area Business Continuity Management, A New Approach to Sustainable Local Economy." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0204.
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The flooding of the Chao Phraya River in Thailand and the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, both of which occurred in 2011, reminded us of the risks of business disruption and further impacts on national, regional, and global economies through supply chains when disasters occur anywhere in the world. Considering the increasing economic losses attributable to disasters, the fourth session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (2013) aimed to promote resilience and foster new opportunities for public-private partnerships as part of an overall approach to improving risk governance. Furthermore, it highlighted that a growing world requires a new approach to development action, emphasizing the private sector&rquo;s role in managing disaster risks. One of the most significant private sector contributions to disaster risk management is the creation of the business continuity plan/planning (BCP) and business continuity management (BCM) systems, which were standardized as ISO22301 and disseminated in many business enterprises around the world. However, a BCP or BCM system has been neither formulated for nor implemented in most local enterprises in industry agglomerated areas, even though these are located in areas vulnerable to disasters. Moreover, in the case of large-scale disasters, a business enterprise’s capacity may be too limited to mitigate damages and maintain operations through its own efforts, even if BCPs are prepared. The main reason for this is the disruption of public infrastructure and services. In order to minimize the negative economic impacts or economic losses, particularly in the case of a large-scale disaster that disrupts the fundamental infrastructure in certain areas, it is important to conduct risk assessment on a proper scale and to prepare scenario-based disaster management plans for area-wide damage mitigation. In addition, it is essential to have integrated resource management and strategic recovery plans to support each enterprise&rquo;s BCM actions in coordination with public sector activities. Considering this backgrounds, the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the ASEAN Coordination Center for Humanitarian Assistance on Disaster Management (AHA Center) launched the “Natural Disaster Risk Assessment and Area Business Continuity Plan Formulation for Industrial Agglomerated Areas in the ASEAN Region” project in February 2013. The project introduced the new concept of the Area BCP, which, based on a risk assessment of the area, designates a framework and direction for coordinated damage mitigation measures and recovery actions by stakeholders, including individual enterprises, industrial area managers, local authorities, and infrastructure administrators, to allow business continuation of the industrial area as a whole. The project also established Area BCM as a cyclic process of risk assessment, sharing risk and impact information, determining a common strategy of risk management, developing the Area BCP, implementing and monitoring the planned actions to continuously improve the Area BCM system, and coordinating among stakeholders, in order to improve the capability for effective business continuity of the area. This paper aims to evaluate the progress of the project and to explore lessons from the applied process of Area BCM and its benefits.
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Osonuga, A., OA Osonuga, AA Osonuga, and IO Osonuga. "A review of some Antiretroviral therapies used in Management of HIV/AIDS in Ghana." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 11, no. 3 (August 31, 2012): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i3.11716.
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HIV is a RNA retrovirus that causes progressive weakening of the hosts immune system increasing susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Antiretroviral drugs are currently used to manage the infection. This paper reviews the benefits and the toxicity associated with ARTs currently used in Ghana. Google search, PUBMED and Google scholar were used to gather information from different books, websites and peerreviewed journal articles. ARTs significantly improved the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS by increasing the CD4 count and reducing the viral load. ARTs have short and long term side effects which may be life threatening. Toxicity may vary from drug to drug and from one drug class to the other. We conclude that it is important to select a regimen that is not only effective but also safe. This requires consideration of not only the toxicity potential of an ARV regimen but also an individual patients underlying conditions, concomitant medications and history of drug intolerance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i3.11716 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 03 July12
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Adu-Gyamfi, Anthony, and Nick Hodgetts. "Bryophytes of Ghana." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e25879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25879.
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There is currently limited information on plant biodiversity from Ghana. Most of the information openly available has been published by the Ghana Herbarium at the Department of Plant and Environmental Biology, University of Ghana. The Ghana Herbarium has over 100,000 specimens from Ghana and other West African countries. Of these approximately 85% of the specimen labels have been digitized. The database contains information including species names, taxonomic family, barcode number, name of collector(s), locality data, date of collection, description of species and uses of the plants. Data were captured using Botanical Research and Herbarium Management Software (BRAHMS) software and is openly available on Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (http://www.gbif.org/country/GH/publishing). Less than 1% of the herbarium collection contains bryophyte information of Ghana. Even though bryophytes are an often overlooked flora, Ghana has a high diversity of bryophytes. Indeed Ghana has an enormous biomass of bryophytes, particularly in the humid forest areas, that is bound to contribute significantly to the water-retentive capacity of the Ghanaian forest, absorbing water quickly and releasing it slowly. It is clear that the bryophytes are an important part of the ecosystem generally, helping to stabilize the hillsides and acting as a source of water. As very little is known about Ghana's bryophyte flora, a short expedition was undertaken in the Atewa Forest in 2014. A total of 164 species were added to the herbarium collection, including about 58 new to Ghana and at least one new species (Cololejeunea sp. yet to be described). The Ghana Herbarium recognises the growing need for digitization across its collections. Data from bryophytes specimens in the Ghana Herbarium and other Ghanaian herbaria as well as other data types on Ghanaian bryophytes will need to be captured using appropriate workflows, technologies and comply with Darwin Core standards. There is also paucity of observational and bryophyte abundance data. This presentation will review the current status of biodiversity information on bryophytes from Ghana and biodiversity informatics activities at Ghana Herbarium. It will also explore ways forward for digitization which incudes capturing the information on the already existing bryophyte specimens in the Ghana Herbarium and the newly added collections using BRAHMS software.
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Abuzayan, Kayis M. A., Andrew Whyte, and Joyce Bell. "Asset-management framework(s) for infrastructure facilities in adverse (post-conflict/disaster-zone/high-alert) conditions." Procedia Economics and Finance 18 (2014): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(14)00944-7.
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Luo, Min, Bang Tao Liu, Yuan Bin Li, Min Jun Li, and Huan Deng. "Application of ActiveX Technique in Disaster Tolerant System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 711 (December 2014): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.711.276.
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The paper introduces a disaster tolerant system based on B/S mode and proposes a safe and effective communication protocol that combines with communicational needs. The protocol has been realized in this paper. This system has adopted remote management based on Web so that its construction is reasonable and operation is convenient. Through test,the system which is excellent in performance and stable in working is considered to be valuable for application and promotion.
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Bremer, Rannveig. "Policy Development in Disaster Preparedness and Management: Lessons Learned from the January 2001 Earthquake in Gujarat, India." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 18, no. 4 (December 2003): 372–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00001345.
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AbstractIntroduction:During the last decades, several humanitarian emergencies have occurred, with an increasing number of humanitarian organizations taking part in providing assistance. However, need assessments, medical intelligence, and coordination of the aid often are sparse, resulting in the provision of ineffective and expensive assistance. When an earthquake with the strength of 7.7 on the Richter scale struck the state of Gujarat, India, during the early morning on 26 January 2001, nearly 20,000 persons were killed, nearly 170,000 were injured, and 600,000 were rendered homeless. This study identifies how assigned indicators to measure the level of health care may improve disaster preparedness and management, thus, reducing human suffering.Methods:During a two-week mission in the disaster area, the disaster relief provided to the disaster-affected population of Gujarat was evaluated. Vulnerability due to climate, geography, culture, religion, gender, politics, and economy, as each affected the outcome, was studied. By assigning indicators to the eight ELEMENTS of the Primary Health Care System as advocated by the World Health Organization (WHO), the level of public health and healthcare services were estimated, an evaluation of the impact of the disaster was conducted, and possible methods for improving disaster management are suggested. Representatives of the major relief organizations involved were interviewed on their relief policies. Strategies to improve disaster relief, such as policy development in the different aspects of public health/primary health care, were sought.Results:Evaluation of the pre-event status of the affected society revealed a complex situation in a vulnerable society with substantial deficiencies in the existing health system that added to the severity of the disaster. Most of the civilian hospitals had collapsed, and army field hospitals provided medical care to most of the patients under primitive conditions using tents. When the foreign field hospitals arrived 5 to 7 days after the earthquake, most of the casualties requiring surgical intervention already had been operated on. Relief provided to the disaster victims had reduced quality for the following reasons: (1) proper public health indicators had not yet been developed; (2) efficient coordination was lacking; (3) insufficient, overestimated, or partly irrelevant relief was provided; (4) relief was delayed because of bureaucracy; and (5) policies on the delivery of disaster relief had not been developed.Conclusion:To optimize the effectiveness of limited resources, disaster preparedness and the provision of feasible and necessary aid is of utmost importance. An appropriate, rapid, crisis intervention could be achieved by continual surveillance of the world's situation by a Relief Coordination Center. A panel of experts could evaluate and coordinate the international disaster responses and make use of stored emergency material and emergency teams. A successful disaster response will depend on accurate and relevant medical intelligence and socio-geographical mapping in advance of, during, and after the event(s) causing the disaster. More effective and feasible equipment coordinated with the relief provided by the rest of the world is necessary. If policies and agreements are developed as part of disaster preparedness, on international, bilateral, and national levels, disaster relief may be more relevant, less chaotic, and easier to estimate, thus, bringing improved relief to the disaster victims.
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Callaway, David W., Christopher R. Peabody, Ari Hoffman, Elizabeth Cote, Seth Moulton, Amado Alejandro Baez, and Larry Nathanson. "Disaster Mobile Health Technology: Lessons from Haiti." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 27, no. 2 (April 2012): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x12000441.
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AbstractIntroductionMobile health (mHealth) technology can play a critical role in improving disaster victim tracking, triage, patient care, facility management, and theater-wide decision-making.ProblemTo date, no disaster mHealth application provides responders with adequate capabilities to function in an austere environment.MethodsThe Operational Medicine Institute (OMI) conducted a qualitative trial of a modified version of the off-the-shelf application iChart at the Fond Parisien Disaster Rescue Camp during the large-scale response to the January 12, 2010 earthquake in Haiti.ResultsThe iChart mHealth system created a patient log of 617 unique entries used by on-the-ground medical providers and field hospital administrators to facilitate provider triage, improve provider handoffs, and track vulnerable populations such as unaccompanied minors, pregnant women, traumatic orthopedic injuries and specified infectious diseases.ConclusionThe trial demonstrated that even a non-disaster specific application with significant programmatic limitations was an improvement over existing patient tracking and facility management systems. A unified electronic medical record and patient tracking system would add significant value to first responder capabilities in the disaster response setting.Callaway DW, Peabody CR, Hoffman A, Cote E, Moulton S, Baez AA, Nathanson L. Disaster mobile health technology: lessons from Haiti. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(2):1-5.
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Campbell, B. C., and A. B. Heywood. "Development of a Primary Health Care Information System in Ghana: Lessons Learned." Methods of Information in Medicine 36, no. 02 (March 1997): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634694.
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Abstract:In Ghana, between January 1990 and September 1993, a series of steps were undertaken to review the existing vertical reporting procedures and to develop an integrated Health Management Information System (HMIS) for Primary Health Care (PHC).These steps included a situation analysis of the existing reporting systems; participatory design of tools for planning, data collection, feedback and reporting; field test and revision of the modified system; training of staff at all levels; development of tools for self-assessment and stimulation of routine feedback to lower levels and reporting of analysed indicators to higher levels.There were some notable achievements which included promotion of self-reliance, improved data relevance and accuracy, as well as strengthened supervision and support. However, it was difficult to identify the most appropriate institutional location for the HMIS; over-emphasis on process leads to reduced implementation; reporting was still given greater priority than analysis and use of data, and systems for collection and use were still cumbersome and time consuming. It is also difficult to prove that having better information really improves decision-making, or even coverage and quality of PHC service delivery.These issues, as well as lessons learned, are discussed in the paper.
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Qi, Fenjie, Yaxin Zhou, and Shuo Feng. "Strengthening Destinations’ Resilience from Bushfires—A Study of Eastern Australia." Journal of Management and Sustainability 11, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v11n2p43.
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Climate change has brought people’s attention in recent decades, which demonstrates a critical phenomenon of increased natural disaster risks. The consequences of natural hazards are highly potential to bring significant economic, reputational, social, and environmental impacts on Australia’s tourism industry. Considering the close relationship between the unique natural environment and the local tourism industry, natural disasters always play critical roles in terms of the destinations’ resilience. This paper aims to examine the cause-and-effect of natural disaster resilience for the tourism industry in Eastern Australia with the particular concern of bushfire. Representative bushfire events will be studied to locate the industry’s preparedness and the existed action gaps mainly with the focus on government and destination management organizations, as well as discuss the disaster prevention implications, direct/indirect impacts and tourism-related issues. Also, a natural disaster resilience assessment framework for the industry will be developed with the key indicators from multiple aspects. A couple of future directions will be proposed regarding recovery methods, including the needs of destination image recovery, supportive policies for small businesses and cross-functional partnership.
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Addi, Martin, Kofi Asare, Samuel Kofi Fosuhene, Theophilus Ansah-Narh, Kenneth Aidoo, and Comfort Gyasiwaa Botchway. "Impact of Large-Scale Climate Indices on Meteorological Drought of Coastal Ghana." Advances in Meteorology 2021 (February 3, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8899645.
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The devastating effects of drought on agriculture, water resources, and other socioeconomic activities have severe consequences on food security and water resource management. Understanding the mechanism that drives drought and predicting its variability is important for enhancing early warning and disaster risk management. In this study, meteorological droughts over six coastal synoptic stations were investigated using three-month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The dry seasons of November-December-January (NDJ), December-January-February (DJF), and January-February-March (JFM) were the focal seasons for the study. Trends of dry seasons SPIs were evaluated using seasonal Mann–Kendall test. The relationship between drought SPI and ocean-atmosphere climate indices and their predictive ability were assessed using Pearson correlation and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) stepwise regression method to select best climate indices at lagged timestep that fit the SPI. The SPI exhibited moderate to severe drought during the dry seasons. Accra exhibited a significant increasing SPI trend in JFM, NDJ, and DJF seasons. Besides, Saltpond during DJF, Tema, and Axim in NDJ season showed significant increasing trend of SPI. In recent years, SPIs in dry seasons are increasing, an indication of weak drought intensity, and the catchment areas are becoming wetter in the traditional dry seasons. Direct (inverse) relationship was established between dry seasons SPIs and Atlantic (equatorial Pacific) ocean's climate indices. The significant climate indices modulating drought SPIs at different time lags are a combination of either Nino 3.4, Nino 4, Nino 3, Nino 1 + 2, TNA, TSA, AMM, or AMO for a given station. The AIC stepwise regression model explained up to 48% of the variance in the drought SPI and indicates Nino 3.4, Nino 4, Nino 3, Nino 1 + 2, TNA, TSA, AMM, and AMO have great potential for seasonal drought prediction over Coastal Ghana.
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Amos-Wilson, P. M. "Some issues concerning women in senior management: a case study from Ghana." Public Administration and Development 19, no. 3 (August 1999): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-162x(199908)19:3<219::aid-pad78>3.0.co;2-s.
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Oku, S., R. Yamamoto, and M. Kimura. "Interim Report of Healthcare Delivery after East Japan Earthquake-Tsunami Disaster – Does EHR Help?" Methods of Information in Medicine 50, no. 05 (2011): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1625349.
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Bonney, Joseph, Ana I. L. Namburete, Sesinam Dagadu, Nana Serwaa Quao, Maxwell Osei-Ampofo, Dominic Awariyah, and Sonia Cobbold. "Development of an E-Learning Platform For EMTs In Ghana." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s119—s120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002565.
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Introduction:The continuous development of the knowledge and skill of the emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in Ghana is important for the success of the pre-hospital system. Due to distance and time constraints, an online e-learning platform is a good way to educate the Emergency Medicine Technicians in Ghana.Aim:The study looked at the feasibility of developing a distant learning module for the training and continuous medical education of EMTs.Methods:EMTs in the Ashanti Region were randomly selected to be part of the study. They received online lectures and notes that were accessible by their mobile phones. They all received a test at the end of each model. The study measured their willingness to participate, average attendance for each model, and the scores for each model test. The study also measured the overall feasibility of the distant learning program.Results:The study developed a training course comprised of 7 modules: trauma and surgical emergencies, obstetric emergencies, pediatric emergencies, disaster management, medical emergencies, basic ultrasound, and medical research. Tests and quizzes were electronically sent to EMTs over the course of the research period, with an average test score of 70.14% (low: 35%, high: 95%) for the cohort. Feedback from participants showed gains in knowledge and skill delivery. The average attendance for all model was 56.6% ranging from 47.37%-63.16% for the models. Challenges for attendance included internet access, heavy duties, and other personal reasons. The post-training interview showed 100% willingness to participate in future online programs with the most common reasons stated as low cost, ease of attendance for models, and reduced expense.Discussion:The study concluded that online, distant learning models can be used in Ghana for training and continuous medical education for EMTs. It is an easy and cost-effective model compared to a face-to-face model.
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Wang, Qian, Yangyang Liu, Linjing Tong, Weihong Zhou, Xiaoyu Li, and Jianlong Li. "Rescaled Statistics and Wavelet Analysis on Agricultural Drought Disaster Periodic Fluctuations in China from 1950 to 2016." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 12, 2018): 3257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093257.
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An agricultural drought disaster was analyzed with the new insight of rescaled statistics (R/S) and wavelet analysis in this study. The results showed that: (1) the Hurst index of the agricultural disaster area, the inundated area of agricultural drought disaster, and the grain loss was 0.821, 0.874, and 0.953, respectively, indicating that the process of the agricultural drought disaster had stronger positive continuity during the study period; (2) based on the Morlet analysis of the agricultural disaster area, the inundated area of the agricultural drought disaster, and the grain loss of China from 1950 to 2016, the time series of the agricultural drought had multiple time scale features with the periodic variation on a large scale containing the periodic variation on a small scale; and (3) in the last 67 years, the strong wavelet energy spectrum of the agricultural disaster area, the inundated area of the agricultural drought disaster, and the grain loss was at the time scale of ≈22–32 years, ≈24–32 years, and ≈25–32 years, respectively. In addition, the first major period in the agricultural drought disaster area, the inundated area of agricultural drought disaster, and the grain loss had average periods of approximately 16 years, 16 years, and 18 years, respectively.
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Putri, Intan Adhi Perdana. "KAPASITAS PEMERINTAH PROVINSI JAMBI DALAM MENGHADAPI BENCANA BANJIR DAN ASAP AKIBAT KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN." Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia 14, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jki.v14i1.423.
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Preventing and reducing disaster victims is crucial in the disaster risk reduction context. The government, particularly at the local level, plays a vital role in reducing such risk. Therefore, strengthening the capacity of local governments is needed to reach the goal. This necessity is clearly stated in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDDR) 2015-2030. The capacity of local government in disaster risk management is essential in preventing and minimizing the number of victims. Floods and forest and land fire haze are the most common disasters in Jambi Province. Understanding the local government capacity is imperative in the context of disaster risk reduction as such. This paper aims to explain the current capacity of the Jambi local government in managing flood and forest and land fire haze. Data were collected qualitatively from government officials through focus group discussions (FGDs) and interviews. The findings showed that the capacity of Jambi’s local government needs to be improved, and there are issues to be solved. Jambi Province policy capacity tended to focus on forest fires and lacked attention on flood-related policies. On implementation capacity, there exist some issues to be overcome, such as the local government officials’ knowledge and skills related to disaster risk management, redundant disaster preparedness programs at the village level, and the need for more detailed hazard maps.Â
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Laugé, Ana, Josune Hernantes, and Jose Mari Sarriegi. "Analysis of disasters impacts and the relevant role of critical infrastructures for crisis management improvement." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 6, no. 4 (November 9, 2015): 424–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-07-2014-0047.
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Purpose – Disasters are complex phenomena, by diverse nature and whose management is complicated. An efficient analysis of potential impacts that may result as consequence of a disaster has to be conducted to improve the preparation and response in face of future events. Design/methodology/approach – A review of impact evaluation methodologies and real disasters’ impacts has been performed to develop an impact indicators’ framework. Then, a questionnaire has been administered to critical infrastructure (CI) operators to identify CI dependencies and their consequences. Findings – A proper impact analysis improves learning about the consequences of a disaster and the way those impacts should be managed. Moreover, current impact evaluation methodologies do not make special focus on CIs even if their proper functioning is essential for society’s welfare. Crisis managers such as civil protection, emergency services and local authorities among others need to be aware of the importance of critical infrastructure s when managing a disaster. Also crisis managers and managers of CIs need to know how dependencies make impacts spread from one CI to others or to different sectors. Social implications – Through an efficient management, the development of preventive measures and response programs can help to mitigate impacts’ harshness for CIs and for the whole society and may even prevent future disasters. However, if crisis managers and managers of CIs are unaware of disasters consequences, their management will result inefficient. Originality/value – A holistic and dynamic analysis of disaster impacts has been performed. The integration of impact indicators together with their behaviour over time analysis will help improving future crises management.