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1

Li, Jianzheng, Zhongkui Luo, Yingchun Wang, et al. "Optimizing Nitrogen and Residue Management to Reduce GHG Emissions while Maintaining Crop Yield: A Case Study in a Mono-Cropping System of Northeast China." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (2019): 5015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185015.

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Reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers and returning straw to field are being promoted in northeast China (NEC). In this paper, the agricultural production system model (APSIM) was applied to assess the long-term variations of crop yield and soil GHG emissions in a maize mono-cropping system of NEC, and the simulation results were combined with lifecycle assessment to estimate annual GHG emissions (GHGL) and GHG emission intensity (GHGI, GHG emissions per unit yield) of different agricultural practices. Under current farmers’ practice, emissions due to machinery input (including production,
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2

Bharali, Ashmita, Kushal K. Baruah, and Nirmali Gogoi. "Potential option for mitigating methane emission from tropical paddy rice through selection of suitable rice varieties." Crop and Pasture Science 68, no. 5 (2017): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp16228.

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Cultivation of rice, a globally important cereal crop, is a major cause of emission of the greenhouse gas (GHG) methane (CH4), giving rise to global warming. Physiological and anatomical characteristics of rice plants associated with CH4 emission were studied in six high-yielding rice varieties, Dikhow, Dishang, Jaya, Kolong, Kopilee and Lachit, during the pre-monsoon season (April–August) for 2 years (2013 and 2014) in a tropical climate in India. Significant differences (P < 0.001) in photosynthetic rate among the rice varieties were recorded and were found to influence CH4 emission from
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Mathot, Michaël, Eric Elias, Edouard Reding, et al. "Variation of greenhouse gas emissions and identification of their drivers during the fattening of Belgian Blue White bulls based on a LCA approach." Animal Production Science 56, no. 3 (2016): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15592.

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Greenhouse gas emission intensity (GHGI; kilograms carbon dioxide equivalents/kilograms liveweight gain) have to be reduced so as to limit the impact of human activities on global warming while furnishing food to human. In this respect, performances of 654 Belgian Blue double-muscled bulls (BBdm) during their fattening phase were recorded. On this basis, their greenhouse gas emissions were modelled to estimate variation in GHGI and investigate mitigation options at that level. The relevance of theses option is discussed, taking into account the whole life and production system scales. Large va
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4

Xia, Longlong, Yongqiu Xia, Shutan Ma, et al. "Greenhouse gas emissions and reactive nitrogen releases from rice production with simultaneous incorporation of wheat straw and nitrogen fertilizer." Biogeosciences 13, no. 15 (2016): 4569–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4569-2016.

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Abstract. Impacts of simultaneous inputs of crop straw and nitrogen (N) fertilizer on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and N losses from rice production are not well understood. A 2-year field experiment was established in a rice–wheat cropping system in the Taihu Lake region (TLR) of China to evaluate the GHG intensity (GHGI) as well as reactive N intensity (NrI) of rice production with inputs of wheat straw and N fertilizer. The field experiment included five treatments of different N fertilization rates for rice production: 0 (RN0), 120 (RN120), 180 (RN180), 240 (RN240), and 300 kg N ha−1 (RN
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5

Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Cou-Gui Cao, Li-Jin Guo, and Cheng-Fang Li. "The Effects of Rape Residue Mulching on Net Global Warming Potential and Greenhouse Gas Intensity from No-Tillage Paddy Fields." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/198231.

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A field experiment was conducted to provide a complete greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting for global warming potential (GWP), net GWP, and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) from no-tillage (NT) paddy fields with different amounts of oilseed rape residue mulch (0, 3000, 4000, and 6000 kg dry matter (DM) ha−1) during a rice-growing season after 3 years of oilseed rape-rice cultivation. Residue mulching treatments showed significantly more organic carbon (C) density for the 0–20 cm soil layer at harvesting than no residue treatment. During a rice-growing season, residue mulching treatments sequestered
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6

Zhang, Gang, Dejian Wang, and Yuanchun Yu. "Investigation into the Effects of Straw Retention and Nitrogen Reduction on CH4 and N2O Emissions from Paddy Fields in the Lower Yangtze River Region, China." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (2020): 1683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041683.

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Straw retention is a widely used method in rice planting areas throughout China. However, the combined influences of straw retention and nitrogen (N) fertilizer application on greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from paddy fields merits significant attention. In this work, we conducted a field experiment in the lower Yangtze River region of China to study the effects of straw retention modes and N fertilizer rates on rice yield, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission fluxes, global warming potential (GWP), and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) during the rice season. The experiments included six
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7

Zhang, X., Z. Zhou, Y. Liu, et al. "Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in rice agriculture driven by high yields and nitrogen use efficiency: a 5 year field study." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 22 (2015): 18883–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-18883-2015.

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Abstract. Our understanding of how net global warming potential (NGWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) is affected by management practices aimed at food security with respect to rice agriculture remains limited. In the present study, a 5 year field experiment was conducted in China to evaluate the effects of integrated soil-crop system management (ISSM) on NGWP and GHGI after accounting for carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from all sources (methane, CH4, and nitrous oxide, N2O, emissions, agrochemical inputs, Ei, and farm operations, Eo) and sinks (i.e., soil organic carbon, SOC, sequestrati
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8

Tugui, Tatiana, Duca Gheorghe, and Taranu Marius. "Development of National Emissions Factors for Solid Wastedisposal on Land Greenhouse Gas Source Category of the National Inventional Inventory in the Republic of Moldova." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 1, no. 1 (2006): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2006.01(1).12.

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The paper summarizes the research results on development national emissions factor for the Greenhouse Gas Inventory (GHGI) Source Category “6A Solid Waste Disposal on Land”. The obtained results offer the opportunity to improve the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) methodologies and Emission Factors for assessing the GHG emissions originated from waste sector. The article contains relevant information on composition of landfill gases at managed and unmanaged solid waste disposal sites, as well as the municipal solid waste composition results, investigated during one year in the
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9

Zhang, Xiaoxu, Xin Xu, Yinglie Liu, Jinyang Wang, and Zhengqin Xiong. "Global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in rice agriculture driven by high yields and nitrogen use efficiency." Biogeosciences 13, no. 9 (2016): 2701–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2701-2016.

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Abstract. Our understanding of how global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) is affected by management practices aimed at food security with respect to rice agriculture remains limited. In the present study, a field experiment was conducted in China to evaluate the effects of integrated soil–crop system management (ISSM) on GWP and GHGI after accounting for carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent emissions from all sources, including methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, agrochemical inputs and farm operations and sinks (i.e., soil organic carbon sequestration). The
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10

Huang, T., B. Gao, P. Christie, and X. Ju. "Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in a double-cropping cereal rotation as affected by nitrogen and straw management." Biogeosciences 10, no. 12 (2013): 7897–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7897-2013.

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Abstract. The effects of nitrogen and straw management on global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in a winter wheat–summer maize double-cropping system on the North China Plain were investigated. We measured nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and studied net GWP (NGWP) and GHGI by calculating the net exchange of CO2 equivalent (CO2-eq) from greenhouse gas emissions, agricultural inputs and management practices, as well as changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), based on a long-term field experiment established in 2006. The field experiment includes six treatments with three
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11

Huang, T., B. Gao, P. Christie, and X. Ju. "Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in a double cropping cereal rotation as affected by nitrogen and straw management." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 8 (2013): 13191–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-13191-2013.

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Abstract. The effects of nitrogen and straw management on global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in a winter wheat–summer maize double-cropping system on the North China Plain were investigated. We measured nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and studied net GWP (NGWP) and GHGI by calculating the net exchange of CO2 equivalent (CO2-eq) from greenhouse gas emissions, agricultural inputs and management practices, and changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), based on a long-term field experiment established in 2006. The field experiment includes six treatments with three fertil
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12

Fang, Kaikai, Xiaomei Yi, Wei Dai, Hui Gao, and Linkui Cao. "Effects of Integrated Rice-Frog Farming on Paddy Field Greenhouse Gas Emissions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11 (2019): 1930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16111930.

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Integrated rice-frog farming (IRFF), as a mode of ecological farming, is fundamental in realizing sustainable development in agriculture. Yet its production of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remains unclear. Here, a randomized plot field experiment was performed to study the GHG emissions for various farming systems during the rice growing season. The farming systems included: conventional farming (CF), green integrated rice-frog farming (GIRF), and organic integrated rice-frog farming (OIRF). Results indicate that the cumulative methane (CH4) emissions from the whole growth period were diverg
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13

Boateng, Kofi Konadu, George Yaw Obeng, and Ebenezer Mensah. "Eco-Friendly Yield and Greenhouse Gas Emissions as Affected by Fertilization Type in a Tropical Smallholder Rice System, Ghana." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (2020): 10239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410239.

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Data on greenhouse gas emission levels associated with fertilization applied in smallholder paddy rice farms in Ghana are scanty. The current study investigated fertilization types to determine their eco-friendliness on yield, Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Greenhouse Gas Intensity (GHGI) in a major rice season in the forest zone of Ghana. In total, five treatments were studied viz Farmer Practice (BAU); Biochar + Farmer Practice (BAU + BIO); Poultry Manure + Farmer Practice (BAU + M); Biochar + Poultry Manure + Farmer Practice (BAU + BIO + M); and Control (CT). Fluxes of methane (CH4) and
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14

Maasakkers, Joannes D., Daniel J. Jacob, Melissa P. Sulprizio, et al. "2010–2015 North American methane emissions, sectoral contributions, and trends: a high-resolution inversion of GOSAT observations of atmospheric methane." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 6 (2021): 4339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4339-2021.

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Abstract. We use 2010–2015 Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) observations of atmospheric methane columns over North America in a high-resolution inversion of methane emissions, including contributions from different sectors and their trends over the period. The inversion involves an analytical solution to the Bayesian optimization problem for a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) of the emission field with up to 0.5∘×0.625∘ resolution in concentrated source regions. The analytical solution provides a closed-form characterization of the information content from the inversion and facilitates
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15

Thürig, Esther, and Stéphanie Schmid. "Jährliche CO2-Flüsse im Wald: Berechnungsmethode für das Treibhausgasinventar | Annual CO2 fluxes in forests: calculation method for the Greenhouse Gas Inventory." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 159, no. 2 (2008): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2008.0031.

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Forests can be carbon sinks as well as carbon sources. In the Kyoto Protocol, forests play a special role. According to Art. 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol, Switzerland has decided to account for forest management. Since 1990, each participating country must submit the Greenhouse Gas Inventory (GHGI) to the climate convention. These inventories build the basis for the annual estimation of carbon sink and sources under the Kyoto Protocol. This article describes the calculation method of the forest carbon budget in the Swiss GHGI, which is obtained by utilizing the database of the Swiss National Fore
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16

Liang, Taibo. "Organic Fertilizer Regulates Soil Carbon, Nitrogen Balance and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Tobacco Production System." International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 25, no. 06 (2021): 1339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1796.

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The impact of organic fertilizers on the carbon source/sink balance of tobacco soil ecosystem remains controversial. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments(no fertilizer,chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer) on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissionsincludingsoil carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia volatilization and comprehensive greenhouse effects. The results showed that tobacco soil ecosystem can be carbon source orsink, depending mainly on the carbon sequestration of the plant. Comparing w
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17

Nie, Tangzhe, Peng Chen, Zhongxue Zhang, Zhijuan Qi, Yanyu Lin, and Dan Xu. "Effects of Different Types of Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Yield, and Water Consumption of Paddy Fields in Cold Region of China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (2019): 1639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091639.

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Water management and nitrogen (N) fertilizers are the two main driving factors of greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, two irrigation modes, controlled irrigation (CI) and flood irrigation (FI), and four nitrogen fertilizer levels (N0: 0, N1: 85, N2: 110, and N3: 135 kg·hm−2) were set to study the effect of different irrigation modes and N fertilizer amount on greenhouse-gas emissions of paddy fields in cold region by using the static chamber-gas chromatograph method; yield and water consumption were also analyzed. The results showed that, compared with FI, CI significantly reduced CH4 emi
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18

Li, Mengdi, Yaoping Cui, Yaochen Qin, et al. "Parameter Localization of Greenhouse Gas Value Model and Greenhouse Gas Storage Simulation for Forest Ecosystems in China." Forests 11, no. 11 (2020): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11111150.

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Quantifying the greenhouse gas (GHG) storage in forest ecosystems can support global change directly, from a biogeochemical perspective. However, accurately assessing the amount of GHG storage in forest ecosystems still faces challenges in China because of their wide distribution, varying types, and the changing definitions and areas of forests. We used land-use data with 5-year intervals during 1990–2015 to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of forest ecosystems in China. As three major greenhouse gases in forest ecosystems, the potential storage of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous
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19

Lee, Jeong Gu, Song Rae Cho, Seung Tak Jeong, Hyun Young Hwang, and Pil Joo Kim. "Different response of plastic film mulching on greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) between chemical and organic fertilization in maize upland soil." Science of The Total Environment 696 (December 2019): 133827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133827.

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20

Wu, Yuanyuan, Pengfu Hou, Zhi Guo, et al. "Raw material of water-washed hydrochar was critical for the mitigation of GHGI in infertile paddy soil: a column experiment." Biochar 3, no. 3 (2021): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42773-021-00094-2.

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21

Manning, Alistair J., Alison L. Redington, Daniel Say, et al. "Evidence of a recent decline in UK emissions of hydrofluorocarbons determined by the InTEM inverse model and atmospheric measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 16 (2021): 12739–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12739-2021.

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Abstract. National greenhouse gas inventories (GHGIs) are submitted annually to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). They are estimated in compliance with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodological guidance using activity data, emission factors and facility-level measurements. For some sources, the outputs from these calculations are very uncertain. Inverse modelling techniques that use high-quality, long-term measurements of atmospheric gases have been developed to provide independent verification of national GHGIs. This is considered good p
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Yang, Dengxing, Xufeng Mao, Xiaoyan Wei, Yaqing Tao, Zhifa Zhang, and Jianhai Ma. "Water–Air Interface Greenhouse Gas Emissions (CO2, CH4, and N2O) Emissions Were Amplified by Continuous Dams in an Urban River in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China." Water 12, no. 3 (2020): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030759.

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Continuous dams may lead to great variation in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rivers, which contribute more uncertainty to regional carbon balance. This study is among the first to determine water–air interface GHGs (CO2, CH4, and N2O) in a river with continuous dams in plateau city. Combined static-chamber gas and meteorological chromatography were utilized to monitor the GHGs emission flux at the water–air interface within four continuous dams in the Huoshaogou River in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China. A variation coefficient (VC) and amplification coefficient (AC) were designed to det
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23

Shin, Rachel, and Cory Searcy. "Evaluating the Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Craft Beer Industry: An Assessment of Challenges and Benefits of Greenhouse Gas Accounting." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (2018): 4191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114191.

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A growing number of companies in the brewery industry have made commitments to measure and reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, many brewers, particularly craft brewers with relatively low rates of production, have not made such commitments. The purpose of this research was to investigate the challenges and benefits of measuring and reducing GHG emissions in the craft brewery industry. The research was conducted in Ontario, Canada, which has seen strong recent growth in the craft brewery industry. A case study and semi-structured interviews among Ontario Craft Brewers were con
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Osman, T. "Low-carbon City Inventory Method for the Local Scale." Journal of Engineering Sciences 7, no. 2 (2020): H10—H14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jes.2020.7(2).h2.

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Greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory has played a fundamental role in providing scientific political-making evidence in mitigation. For a particular case study, Japan offers a positive performance in reducing GHG emissions since an early age, and the GHG Inventory Office of Japan was established in 2002 and is making efforts on publishing both “National GHGs Inventory Report of Japan” and “GHGs Emissions Data of Japan” annually. This paper covers local Japanese inventory development from a global range to a domestic level and offers its general reporting criteria nationwide. Furthermore, through a c
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25

Simionescu, Mihaela, Yuriy Bilan, Stanisław Gędek, and Dalia Streimikiene. "The Effects of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Cereal Production in the European Union." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (2019): 3433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123433.

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Considering food security and climate change mitigation as the main sustainability challenges for agriculture, the main goal is to achieve agricultural production at an acceptable level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this paper, the effects of GHGs are described. Panel data models are built to assess the impact of greenhouse gases on harvested production of cereals in EU countries. The study is focused on the climate change cause by GHG emissions that have a direct impact on agriculture in what concerns cereal production. Therefore, the impact of GHGs on cereal production in the Europea
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26

Konieczna, Anita, Kamil Roman, Kinga Borek, and Emilia Grzegorzewska. "GHG and NH3 Emissions vs. Energy Efficiency of Maize Production Technology: Evidence from Polish Farms; a Further Study." Energies 14, no. 17 (2021): 5574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175574.

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The paper determines the effect of selected cultivation technologies, including production chain energy inputs (growing, harvest, heap forming) on greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) to the atmosphere. The data for the study was collected from 13 actually operating family farms ranging in size from 2 to 13 ha, located in the Podlaskie voivodship (Poland). GHG and ammonia (NH3) emissions from natural and mineral fertilisation as well as GHGs from energy carriers in a form of fuels (ON) were estimated. The average GHG emissions from the sources analysed were 1848.030 kg·CO2eq·ha−1 and 29.492 kg·CO2e
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27

Gonzalez-Gorman, Sylvia, Sung-Wook Kwon, and Dennis Patterson. "Municipal Efforts to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Evidence from U.S. Cities on the U.S.-Mexico Border." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (2019): 4763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174763.

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In this study, we examine municipal efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by focusing on emissions from vehicular sources. We compare what different cities have done to address the problem of GHG emissions from vehicles by using atmospheric data to assess the impact policy efforts have had on actual GHGs. We focus on an area overlooked in the literature, U.S. cities on the U.S.-Mexico transborder region. Using GHG vehicular emissions data from the Center for Neighborhood Technology (CNT) and an ordinary least square model, this research foundcities have reduced levels of GHGs, espec
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Lestari, Juwita Amanda, Rachmat Boedisantoso, and Abdu Fadli Assomadi. "Adaptation and mitigation strategies in the transportation sector to reduce the greenhouse gases emission in Batu City." Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability 2, no. 3 (2018): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/sustinere.jes.v2i3.68.

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The increased number of tourists in Batu City has resulted in traffic congestion, which led to the increase of emission contributing to GHGs effect and caused global warming. According to Presidential Regulation Number 71 of 2011, each region is required to conduct a national inventory of GHGs emission, in order to determine the appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies in reducing the GHG emission. This research aimed to reduce the GHGs emission and to determine the appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies in Batu City especially in the transportation sector. IPCC Guidelines 20
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Proschek, V., G. Kirchengast, and S. Schweitzer. "Greenhouse gas profiling by infrared-laser and microwave occultation: retrieval algorithm and demonstration results from end-to-end simulations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4, no. 10 (2011): 2035–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-4-2035-2011.

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Abstract. Measuring greenhouse gas (GHG) profiles with global coverage and high accuracy and vertical resolution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is key for improved monitoring of GHG concentrations in the free atmosphere. In this respect a new satellite mission concept adding an infrared-laser part to the already well studied microwave occultation technique exploits the joint propagation of infrared-laser and microwave signals between Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. This synergetic combination, referred to as LEO-LEO microwave and infrared-laser occultation (LMIO) meth
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Proschek, V., G. Kirchengast, and S. Schweitzer. "Greenhouse gas profiling by infrared-laser and microwave occultation: retrieval algorithm and demonstration results from end-to-end simulations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 4, no. 2 (2011): 2273–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-2273-2011.

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Abstract. Measuring greenhouse gas (GHG) profiles with global coverage and high accuracy and vertical resolution in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is key for improved monitoring of GHG concentrations in the free atmosphere. In this respect a new satellite mission concept adding an infrared-laser part to the already well studied microwave occultation technique exploits the joint propagation of infrared-laser and microwave signals between Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. This synergetic combination, referred to as LEO-LEO microwave and infrared-laser occultation (LMIO) meth
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31

Yang, Bo, Yuchun Ma, Chunxue Zhang, Yufei Jia, Bo Li, and Xiangqun Zheng. "Cleaner Production Technologies Increased Economic Benefits and Greenhouse Gas Intensity in an Eco-Rice System in China." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (2019): 7090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247090.

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The sustainability of intensification of rice production is a prime concern for China. Application of organic amendments, changes in crop rotation system, ducklings’ introduction, and construction of vegetated drainage ditches are some of the original management strategies to mitigate environmental pollution from paddy fields. Although these practices affect the rice culturing system through different mechanisms, there is limited investigation on their effectiveness on nutrient pollution alleviation. Therefore, a field study was carried out with the assessment of soil physico-chemical properti
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Forsberg, Jonas, and Anna Krook-Riekkola. "Recoupling Climate Change and Air Quality: Exploring Low-Emission Options in Urban Transportation Using the TIMES-City Model." Energies 14, no. 11 (2021): 3220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113220.

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Fossil fuels in transportation are a significant source of local emissions in and around cities; thus, decarbonising transportation can reduce both greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollutants (APs). However, the degree of these reductions depends on what replaces fossil fuels. Today, GHG and AP mitigation strategies are typically ‘decoupled’ as they have different motivations and responsibilities. This study investigates the ancillary benefits on (a) APs if the transport sector is decarbonised, and (b) GHGs if APs are drastically cut and (c) the possible co-benefits from targeting APs and GHGs
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Klaus, Marcus, Erik Geibrink, Anders Jonsson, et al. "Greenhouse gas emissions from boreal inland waters unchanged after forest harvesting." Biogeosciences 15, no. 18 (2018): 5575–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5575-2018.

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Abstract. Forestry practices often result in an increased export of carbon and nitrogen to downstream aquatic systems. Although these losses affect the greenhouse gas (GHG) budget of managed forests, it is unknown if they modify GHG emissions of recipient aquatic systems. To assess this question, air–water fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were quantified for humic lakes and their inlet streams in four boreal catchments using a before-after control-impact experiment. Two catchments were treated with forest clear-cuts followed by site preparation (18 % and 44
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Horner, Jack K. "Some Bounds on the Sensitivity of Human Population Dynamics to the Effects of Greenhouse-Gas Reduction of Land Productivity." Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 6 (2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n6p13.

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The 7 August 2019 IPCC special report on land and climate change predicts that the average global temperature will rise more than 1.5 C if human production of greenhouse gases (GHGs) continues at the 2019 rate to 2030, significantly compromising land productivity and the world food supply. Given a relationship between GHGs and land productivity, the World3 simulator can help to bound estimates of the sensitivity of human population dynamics to GHG reduction of land productivity. World3 projects that in the worst case the peak size of the human population could be reduced by 4% - 37% by GHG red
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Apdini, Titis, Windi Al Zahra, Simon J. Oosting, et al. "Understanding variability in greenhouse gas emission estimates of smallholder dairy farms in Indonesia." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 26, no. 6 (2021): 1160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-021-01923-z.

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Abstract Purpose Life cycle assessment studies on smallholder farms in tropical regions generally use data that is collected at one moment in time, which could hamper assessment of the exact situation. We assessed seasonal differences in greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) from Indonesian dairy farms by means of longitudinal observations and evaluated the implications of number of farm visits on the variance of the estimated GHGE per kg milk (GHGEI) for a single farm, and the population mean. Methods An LCA study was done on 32 smallholder dairy farms in the Lembang district area, West Java, Indo
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Maljanen, M., B. D. Sigurdsson, J. Guðmundsson, H. Óskarsson, J. T. Huttunen, and P. J. Martikainen. "Greenhouse gas balances of managed peatlands in the Nordic countries – present knowledge and gaps." Biogeosciences 7, no. 9 (2010): 2711–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2711-2010.

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Abstract. This article provides an overview of the effects of land-use on the fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and from peatlands in the Nordic countries based on the field data from about 100 studies. In addition, this review aims to identify the gaps in the present knowledge on the greenhouse gas (GHG) balances associated with the land-use of these northern ecosystems. Northern peatlands have accumulated, as peat, a vast amount of carbon from the atmosphere since the last glaciation. However, the past land-use and present climate have evidently changed th
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Storrle, Maria, Hans-Jorg Brauckmann, and Gabriele Broll. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Livestock Manure Management in Southwestern Siberia, Russia." Sustainable Agriculture Research 6, no. 2 (2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v6n2p66.

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This study investigates the amounts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to manure handling within different livestock production systems in Tyumen oblast of Western Siberia. Tyumen oblast occupies approx. 160 000 km² of Asian taiga and forest steppe. The amount of GHGs from manure was calculated as a function of the handling according to current IPCC guidelines for ecozones and livestock production systems. The entire Tyumen oblast has annual 7 400 t methane emissions and 440 t nitrous oxide emissions from manure. Three livestock production systems are prevalent in Tyumen oblast: Mega farms,
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Wang, Yulin, Liang Wang, Jilin Cheng, Chengda He, and Haomiao Cheng. "Recognizing Crucial Aquatic Factors Influencing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Eutrophication Zone of Taihu Lake, China." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (2019): 5160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195160.

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Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which are closely related to climate change and serious ecological instability, have attracted global attention. The estimation of crucial aquatic factors for the flux of GHGs in lakes is a key step in controlling and reducing GHG emissions. The importance of 14 aquatic factors for GHG emissions was estimated in Meiliang Bay, which is an eutrophication shallow bay in Taihu Lake in eastern China. The random forest (RF) method, which is an improved version of the classified and regression tree (CART) model, was employed. No distribution assumption on variables was
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Mukteshawar, Rati, and P. S. Seharawat. "Constraints analysis in adoption of best farm practices towards sequestration of greenhouse gases." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 1 (2016): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i1.753.

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The aim of this paper is to find out the major losses due to emission of green house gases (GHGs) and investigate the major constraints that are responsible for non-adoption of best farming practices to minimize the emission of GHG in agricultural sectors in Haryana state. The study was conducted in two districts of Haryana state namely; Hisar and Karnal. A total number of 120 farmers were interviewed to analyze the constraints in adoption of best farm practices towards sequestration of GHGs and losses occurred. The study resulted that very serious losses occurred due to greenhouse gases were
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Lin, X., N. K. Indira, M. Ramonet, et al. "Long-lived atmospheric trace gases measurements in flask samples from three stations in India." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 17 (2015): 9819–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9819-2015.

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Abstract. With the rapid growth in population and economic development, emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the Indian subcontinent have sharply increased during recent decades. However, evaluation of regional fluxes of GHGs and characterization of their spatial and temporal variations by atmospheric inversions remain uncertain due to a sparse regional atmospheric observation network. As a result of an Indo-French collaboration, three new atmospheric stations were established in India at Hanle (HLE), Pondicherry (PON) and Port Blair (PBL), with the objective of monitoring the atmospheric
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Gao, Haidi, Alun Gu, Gehua Wang, and Fei Teng. "A Structural Decomposition Analysis of China’s Consumption-Based Greenhouse Gas Emissions." Energies 12, no. 15 (2019): 2843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152843.

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The trends of consumption-based emissions in China have a major impact on global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Previous studies have only focused on China’s energy-related consumption-based emissions of CO2 or specific non-CO2 GHGs without taking overall consumption-based non-CO2 GHG emissions into account. Based on a constructed global non-CO2 GHG emissions database, combined with CO2 emissions data, this paper fills this gap through an examination and analysis of China’s GHG emissions using a global multi-regional input–output (MRIO) model for 2004, 2007 and 2011, and identifies the major
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Imasiku, Katundu, Valerie Thomas, and Etienne Ntagwirumugara. "Unraveling Green Information Technology Systems as a Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Game-Changer." Administrative Sciences 9, no. 2 (2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci9020043.

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Green information technology systems (Green ITS) are proposed as a strategy to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions and other environmental impacts while supporting ecological sustainable development. The Green ITS concept combines both Green information technology (IT) and Green information system (IS) applications. The Green ITS concept has the potential to combat the carbon emission problem globally, beyond simply Green IT, because it combines management, organizational, and technology dimensions of climate change mitigation and adaptation, especially if supported by global policy. Exam
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Meinshausen, Malte, Elisabeth Vogel, Alexander Nauels, et al. "Historical greenhouse gas concentrations for climate modelling (CMIP6)." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 5 (2017): 2057–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2057-2017.

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Abstract. Atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations are at unprecedented, record-high levels compared to the last 800 000 years. Those elevated GHG concentrations warm the planet and – partially offset by net cooling effects by aerosols – are largely responsible for the observed warming over the past 150 years. An accurate representation of GHG concentrations is hence important to understand and model recent climate change. So far, community efforts to create composite datasets of GHG concentrations with seasonal and latitudinal information have focused on marine boundary layer condition
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Chłopek, Zdzisław, Anna Olecka, Krystian Szczepański, and Katarzyna Bebkiewicz. "Share of road transport in greenhouse gas emissions in Poland in 1988–2015." Environmental Protection and Natural Resources 29, no. 3 (2018): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2018-0014.

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Abstract The results of an analysis of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission inventory in Poland in the years 1988–2015 are presented, paying special attention to the impact of road transport on the intensification of greenhouse effect. The analysis was made based on the official results compiled by the National Centre for Emissions Management and Balancing (KOBiZE) at the Institute of Environmental Protection – National Research Institute. It was found that carbon dioxide emission represented the dominant part of the total GHG emissions, despite that there were other gases having far greater gree
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Lin, X., N. K. Indira, M. Ramonet, et al. "Five-year flask measurements of long-lived trace gases in India." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 5 (2015): 7171–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-7171-2015.

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Abstract. With the rapid growth in population and economic development, emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from the Indian subcontinent have sharply increased during recent decades. However, evaluation of regional fluxes of GHGs and characterization of their spatial and temporal variations by atmospheric inversions remain uncertain due to a sparse regional atmospheric observation network. As a result of Indo-French collaboration, three new atmospheric stations were established in India at Hanle (HLE), Pondicherry (PON) and Port Blair (PBL), with the objective of monitoring the atmospheric co
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46

Leiber-Sauheitl, K., R. Fuß, C. Voigt, and A. Freibauer. "High CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes from grassland on histic Gleysol along soil carbon and drainage gradients." Biogeosciences 11, no. 3 (2014): 749–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-749-2014.

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Abstract. Drained organic soils are anthropogenic emission hotspots of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Most studies have focused on deep peat soils and on peats with high organic carbon content. In contrast, histic Gleysols are characterized by shallow peat layers, which are left over from peat cutting activities or by peat mixed with mineral soil. It is unknown whether they emit less GHGs than deep Histosols when drained. We present the annual carbon and GHG balance of grasslands for six sites on nutrient-poor histic Gleysols with a shallow (30 cm) histic horizon or mixed with mineral soil in Northe
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Leiber-Sauheitl, K., R. Fuß, C. Voigt, and A. Freibauer. "High greenhouse gas fluxes from grassland on histic gleysol along soil carbon and drainage gradients." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 7 (2013): 11283–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-11283-2013.

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Abstract. Drained organic soils are anthropogenic emission hotspots of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Most studies have focused on deep peat soils and on peats with high organic carbon content. In contrast, Histic gleysols are characterized by shallow peat layers, which are left over from peat cutting activities, or by peat mixed with mineral soil. It is unknown whether they emit less GHGs than deep Histosols when drained. We present the annual carbon and GHG balance of grasslands for six sites on nutrient-poor histic gleysols with a shallow (30 cm) histic horizon or mixed with mineral soil in North
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48

Abdollahbeigi, Bentolhoda, and Farhang Salehi. "The Role of Information and Communication Industry (ICT) in the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Canada." International Research Journal of Business Studies 13, no. 3 (2020): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21632/irjbs.13.3.307-315.

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According to the concerted efforts to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), the Information and Communication Industry (ICT) has received little attention as a significant contributor to GHG. ICT has a very significant role to play in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Canada. While climate challenges increase, there is a growing need to reduce Greenhouse gas emissions. The ICT sector has an important role in enabling significant reductions in those emissions and costs. This current study aims to examine the effects of GHGE on climate change in Canada with a focus on the ICT sector.
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Sami, Moslem, and Habib Reyhani. "Energy and Greenhouse Gases Balances of Cotton Farming in Iran: A Case Study." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 1 (2018): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866010101.

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This study evaluated the impacts of cotton farming on the climate changes in terms of energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission indices. Energy consumption pattern and sensitivity of energy inputs were evaluated and share of each input in GHG emissions was determined in the form of direct and indirect emissions for cotton farms in Golestan province of Iran. The total energy input and energy output were calculated to be 34,424.19 and 41,496.67 MJ/ha respectively. The share of fertilizers by 45.0 % of total energy inputs was the highest. This was followed by energies of fuel (18.4 %) and irrigati
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Plach, A., V. Proschek, and G. Kirchengast. "Profiling wind and greenhouse gases by infrared-laser occultation: results from end-to-end simulations in windy air." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 7 (2015): 2813–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2813-2015.

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Abstract. The new mission concept of microwave and infrared-laser occultation between low-Earth-orbit satellites (LMIO) is designed to provide accurate and long-term stable profiles of atmospheric thermodynamic variables, greenhouse gases (GHGs), and line-of-sight (l.o.s.) wind speed with focus on the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). While the unique quality of GHG retrievals enabled by LMIO over the UTLS has been recently demonstrated based on end-to-end simulations, the promise of l.o.s. wind retrieval, and of joint GHG and wind retrieval, has not yet been analyzed in any rea
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