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Journal articles on the topic 'GHz unlicensed band'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 December 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Milosevic, Nenad, Bojan Dimitrijevic, Dejan Drajic, Zorica Nikolic, and Milorad Tosic. "LTE and WiFi co-existence in 5 GHz unlicensed band." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 30, no. 3 (2017): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1703363m.

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Since the future mobile networks will require significantly higher data throughput, and the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) licensed bands are already occupied, the frequency band extension and the data rate increase may be achieved by using some of the available unlicensed bands. The most appropriate unlicensed band for this purpose lies in 5 GHz frequency range. However, this unlicensed band is already occupied by WiFi networks and a special attention has to be paid to coordinate these two different networks in the shared spectrum usage. Therefore, this paper considers the shared access co-existen

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2

Gatea, Kareem Madhloom. "A Dual Band Non-Concentric Circular Rings Microstrip Antenna Design for Wi-Fi Application." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 27, no. 4 (2024): 486–90. https://doi.org/10.29194/njes.27040486.

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In this paper we design a dual band patch antenna for Wi-Fi application and using it works in two different frequencies the first one in bandwidth of 480 MHz and impedance bandwidth of 18.75% (2.32. to 2.8 GHz) with resonant frequency 2.56 GHz this band can cover the Wi-Fi the second bandwidth is 4 GHZ and the impedance bandwidth 53.33% (5 GHz – 9 GHz). With resonant frequency 7.5 GHz, this band of frequency can cover the WLAN 5.8GHz, the 6GHz band its operate at frequency range (5.925 - 7.125 GHZ) it used for unlicensed Wi-Fi with bandwidth of 1.2 GHZ its application on Wi-Fi 7 and Wi-Fi 6E.

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3

Kadhim, Rasim Azeez, Yaseen Naser Jurn, and Mohammed Taih Gatte. "Dual band antenna in licensed and unlicensed frequency bands based on superformula for 5G applications." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 5 (2023): 2846–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i5.4694.

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In this paper, the design and analysis of dual bands antenna is carried out. The ranges of frequencies are below 6 GHz and above 24 GHz. The superformula was used to design the proposed antenna where the curve profile of the proposed antenna is obtained by adjusting the six different parameters of the super-formula. The antenna shape likes the sunflower was mounted on flame retardant level 4 (FR4) substrate of dimensions of 32×32×1.5 mm3 and fed by a microstrip. The antenna is simulated using a computer simulation technology (CST) simulator. Results of the simulation showed that the antenna wo

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4

Wu, Chang-Ju, I.-Fong Chen, Chia-Mei Peng, and Jwo-Shiun Sun. "A Single Layer Dual-Polarization Printed Bow-Tie Slot Broadband Antenna with C-Band Stop." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRONICS 12 (May 5, 2021): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232017.2021.12.6.

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In this letter, a single layer dual-polarization printed bow-tie slot broadband antenna with C-band stop is presented. The proposed antenna consists of two pairs of mirror-symmetric and mutually perpendicular bow-tie slots with two coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed. The proposed antenna has a very simple structure and the measured results demonstrate the antenna performance can be achieved a wide impedance bandwidth 79.1% for | S11 | and | S22 | ≦ -10dB from 1.3 ~ 3 GHz and 62.3% from 5.25 ~ 10 GHz, which has been implemented the operating band for GPS (1575MHz), WLAN band (2.4GHz and 5.8GHz), and

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Wysocki, Tadeusz A., and Hans-Jurgen Zepernick. "Characterization of the indoor radio propagation channel at 2.4 GHz." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 3-4 (December 30, 2000): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2000.3-4.23.

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The unlicensed industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at 2.4 GHz has gained increased attention recently due to the high data rate communication systems developed to operate in this band. The paper presents measurement results of fading characteristics, multipath parameters and background interference for these frequencies. Some statistical analysis of the measured data is presented. The paper provides information that may be useful in design and deployment of communication systems operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, like those compliant with IEEE 802.11 standard and Bluetooth open wire

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Keerthana, S., and G. Indumathi. "Basic simulation studies on 60 GHz wireless technology employing QAM modulation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, no. 1 (2021): 012107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012107.

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Abstract The 60 GHz technology engage between 57 GHz to 66 GHz occupying an unlicensed band consisting of four channels with 2 GHz bandwidth each. The wavelength of such technology approximates 5 mm enabling milli-meter wave communication. It benefits transmission security for crucial data. Indoor networking equipment with large bandwidth and high-capacity streams lag free High-Definition video from tablet to television. This paper intends to present the simulation studies on 60 GHz mm-wave band technology employing QAM modulation for wireless applications. The experimental results were obtain

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7

Tsai, Ching-Han, Chun-Yi Lin, Ching-Piao Liang, Shyh-Jong Chung, and Jenn-Hwan Tarng. "Switched Low-Noise Amplifier Using Gyrator-Based Matching Network for TD-LTE/LTE-U/Mid-Band 5G and WLAN Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (2021): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041477.

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This paper presents a triple-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) fabricated using a 0.18 μm Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) process. The LNA uses a double-peak load network with a switched component to accomplish the triple-band operation. Moreover, noise reduction using a substrate resistor to ameliorate the noise performance is presented. Noise reduction of 1.5 dB can be achieved at 2.5 GHz without additional dc power and extra manufacturing costs. An input matching technique is realized simultaneously using a gyrator-based feedback topology. The triple-band LNA can be realized by

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8

Singla, Geetanjali, Rajesh Khanna, and Davinder Parkash. "CPW fed rectangular rings-based patch antenna with DGS for WLAN/UNII applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 5-6 (2019): 523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719000023.

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AbstractThe spectral congestion in existing Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) bands has led to the emergence of new ISM bands (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII)) from 5.150 to 5.710 GHz. In this paper, a simple uniplanar, high gain, microstrip antenna is designed, fabricated, and tested for existing WLAN and new UNII standards. The proposed antenna provides dualband operation by joining two rectangular rings and cutting Defected Ground Structure in the Coplanar Wave Guide (CPW) feed. The experimental and simulation results show goo

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9

Adekar, R. H., and A. K. Kureshi. "Performance Analysis of Heterogeneous Systems Ieee 802.11 and Ieee 802.16 Using Spectrum Sharing Mechanism." Advanced Engineering Forum 44 (January 17, 2022): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.44.127.

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After the advent of cellular standards for mobile wireless voice telephony and data transfer, IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 standards evolved for wireless broadband data transfer. The IEEE 802.11 replaced the wired LAN and IEEE 802.16 was to wireless point-to-point provide broadband data transfer. IEEE 802.11 operates in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands whereas IEEE 802.11, which was initially designed to operate on a licensed band, later switched to a 2-11 GHz band. However, both these standards used a 5 GHz unlicensed band for transmission causing the possible overlap of channels. The designed protocol

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10

Hu, Zhenzhen, Yong Xu, Yonghong Deng, and Zhongpei Zhang. "Unlicensed Spectrum Access and Performance Analysis for NR-U/WiGig Coexistence in UAV Communication Systems." Drones 8, no. 9 (2024): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones8090439.

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are extensively employed in pursuit, rescue missions, and agricultural applications. These operations necessitate substantial data and video transmission, requiring significant spectral resources. The unlicensed millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum, especially in the 60 GHz frequency band, offers promising potential for UAV communications. However, WiGig users are the incumbent users of the 60 GHz unlicensed spectrum. Therefore, to ensure fair coexistence between UAV-based new radio-unlicensed (NR-U) users and WiGig users, unlicensed spectrum-sharing strategies nee

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LE, Viet-Hoang, Seok-Kyun HAN, and Sang-Gug LEE. "A Low Power Driver Amplifier for Unlicensed 2.4 GHz Band." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E94-C, no. 1 (2011): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transele.e94.c.120.

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Layton, Roslyn, and David Witkowski. "5G Versus Wi-Fi: Challenges for Economic, Spectrum, and Security Policy." Journal of Information Policy 11, no. 1 (2021): 523–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.11.2021.0523.

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ABSTRACT The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) declares that 5G and Wi-Fi are complementary technologies. This sanguine observation belies the intense competition between policy actors to secure finite radio spectrum for these technologies. Although consumers may experience the “seamlessness” enabled by wireless technologies, there are important economic, spectrum, and security differences between 5G and Wi-Fi. The technical elements of 5G and Wi-Fi have different security vulnerabilities in protocols, infrastructure, encryption, authentication, and equipment. The FCC spectrum allocation

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Reddy, S. Reddy Vamshidhar, and Sanjay Dhar Roy. "SBT (Sense Before Transmit) Based LTE Licenced Assisted Access for 5 GHz Unlicensed Spectrum." Wireless Personal Communications 119, no. 3 (2021): 2069–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08318-1.

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AbstractUtilization of unlicensed spectrum under licensed assisted access ensuring fair co-existence with Wi-Fi networks is a good solution to address immense usage of mobile data. Radio communication operation of LTE in unlicensed frequency band is referred as LTE-unlicensed (LTE-U) or LTE-licensed assisted access. In this paper, we consider a HGNW in which coverage area of Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi)’s Access Point is integrated within the LTE-U small base station’s cellular network coverage area. To overcome the disadvantages of existing LTE-U technics like carrier sense adaptive transmission

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14

Moulay, Mohammed, Mehadji Abri, and Hadjira Abri Badaoui. "Quad-Band Bowtie Antenna Design for Wireless Communication System Using an Accurate Equivalent Circuit Model." International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology 2015 (January 22, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/637607.

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A novel configuration of quad-band bowtie antenna suitable for wireless application is proposed based on accurate equivalent circuit model. The simple configuration and low profile nature of the proposed antenna lead to easy multifrequency operation. The proposed antenna is designed to satisfy specific bandwidth specifications for current communication systems including the Bluetooth (frequency range 2.4–2.485 GHz) and bands of the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) low band (frequency range 5.15–5.35 GHz) and U-NII mid band (frequency range 5.47–5.725 GHz) and used for mob

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15

Spurek, Jan, and Zbynek Raida. "SIW-Based Circularly Polarized Antenna Array for 60 GHz 5G Band: Feasibility Study." Sensors 22, no. 8 (2022): 2945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22082945.

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At present, most millimeter wave 5G systems operate at frequencies ranging from 24 GHz to 39 GHz. Nevertheless, the new 5G release is going to increase the supported 5G spectrum into the 60 GHz band. In this communication, we discuss a methodology of converting a modular antenna array, which was originally designed for the 17 GHz unlicensed band, to the emerging 60 GHz 5G band. The antenna array is of a modular architecture, allowing a simple extension to a higher number of elements. The feeding structure is composed of substrate-integrated waveguides (SIW), allowing relatively simple and chea

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16

Junfeng Guan, Junfeng, Jitian Zhang, Ruochen Lu, et al. "Efficient Wideband Spectrum Sensing Using Mems Acoustic Resonators." GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications 25, no. 3 (2022): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3511285.3511293.

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The ever-increasing demand for wireless applications has resulted in an unprecedented radio frequency (RF) spectrum shortage. Ironically, at the same time, actual utilization of the spectrum is sparse in practice [1]. To exploit previously underutilized frequency bands to accommodate new unlicensed applications and achieve highly efficient usage of the spectrum, the Federal Communications Committee (FCC) has repurposed many frequency bands for dynamic spectrum sharing. This includes the 6 GHz band to be shared between Wi-Fi 6 and the incumbent users [2] as well as the 3.5 GHz Citizens Broadban

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17

Yeap, Kim Ho, Wei Long Yeo, Koon Chun Lai, Takefumi Hiraguri, Kazuhiro Hirasawa, and Zi Xin Oh. "A compact E-shaped antenna with C-shaped slots and a back-patch for multiband applications." Journal of Electrical Engineering 71, no. 1 (2020): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2020-0007.

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AbstractWe present the design of a tri-band E-shaped printed antenna with C-shaped slots. A Rectangular patch etched with an n-shaped slot is added at the back of the substrate to enhance the bandwidth and the return losses of the resonant bands - particularly, that of the second band. Our antenna is designed to operate at 1.51/2. 46/6.11 GHz. As can be observed from the experimental results, it has 10 dB bandwidths of 157 MHz (1.416 to 1.573 GHz) 358 MHz (2.221 to 2.579 GHz) and 367 MHz (5. 918 – 6. 285 GHz) The first two bands cover the LTE, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee and IEEE 802.11 WL

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Coulibaly, Yacouba, Mourad Nedil, Larbi Talbi, and Tayeb A. Denidni. "Design of High Gain and Broadband Antennas at 60 GHz for Underground Communications Systems." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/386846.

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A new broadband and high gain dielectric resonator antenna for millimeter wave is presented. The investigated antenna configuration consists of a periodic square ring frequency selective surfaces on a superstrate, an aperture-coupled scheme feed, an intermediate substrate, and a cylindrical dielectric resonator. This antenna is designed to cover the ISM frequency band at 60 GHz (57 GHz–64 GHz). It was numerically designed using CST microwave Studio simulation software package. Another prototype with a plain dielectric superstrate is also studied for comparison purposes. A bandwidth of 13.56% a

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Kerboub, Boubaker, Siham Benkouda, Djamel Khezzar, Salim Ghoggali, and Tarek Fortaki. "SRR-Loaded SIW-Backed Cavity Sinuous Spiral Antenna for 60 GHz Applications." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 15, no. 3 (2025): 23871–76. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.10972.

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This paper presents a compact sinuous spiral antenna integrated with a soft surface structure, featuring a square ring placed directly above a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW)-backed cavity, designed for 60 GHz frequency applications. The antenna design achieves a compact size while delivering a wide bandwidth, approximately 16 GHz, covering the entire 60 GHz unlicensed band. It achieves a peak gain of 14 dBi at 70 GHz and a gain above 8 dBi for the rest of the operating band, making it an excellent choice for Millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) communication systems. Combining the soft surface stru

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Patriciello, Natale, Sandra Lagén, Biljana Bojovic, and Lorenza Giupponi. "NR-U and IEEE 802.11 Technologies Coexistence in Unlicensed mmWave Spectrum: Models and Evaluation." IEEE Access 8 (April 1, 2020): 71254–71. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2987467.

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New Radio-based access to Unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) intends to expand the applicability of 5G NR access technology to support operation in unlicensed bands by adhering to Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) requirement for accessing the channel. As the NR-U specification is being developed, simulations to assess the performance of NR-U and IEEE 802.11 technologies coexistence in unlicensed spectrum bands are crucial. In this paper, we report on extensions to a popular and open source network simulator, ns-3, to build an NR-U system-level simulator and to model the NR-U and IEEE 802.11 technologies coexi

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Wang, Lingyan, Huaqing Li, Yawei Shi, et al. "An elliptical dual-band antenna with crescent slot for 5G mmWave applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2807, no. 1 (2024): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2807/1/012033.

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Abstract This paper proposes a new elliptical dual-band antenna with a crescent slot with the advantages of compactness, lightweightness, low cost, and easy installation for 5G mmWave applications. The radiating element is obtained by Boolean manipulation of three ellipses of unequal length to short axis ratio, the resulting crescent slot defining its dual-band characteristics. The -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 23.8—31.6 GHz at 28 GHz and a bandwidth range of 36.8—40.6 GHz at 38 GHz are achieved, completely covering the currently applicable n257, n258, n260 and n261 mmWave bands and filtering

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Keti, Faris, Salih M. Atroshey, and Jalil A. Hamadamin. "Design of a RoF fronthaul link based on optical generation of mm-waves for 5G C-RANs." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 30, no. 1 (2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v30.i1.pp157-166.

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In this paper, a cloud-radio access networks based (C-RANs) radio-over-fiber (RoF) system have been reported with the optical generation of 28 GHz and 57 GHz millimeter-wave using phase modulation and stimulated Brillouin scattering effect in optical fibers. As a result, a cost-effective system with improved performance is achieved by the proposed method. Based on the proposed scheme, a 28 GHz (licensed band) and 57 GHz (Un-licensed band) optical millimeter-waves are generated by simulation only using 14 GHz and 16 GHz radio frequency (RF) respectively. Because the performance of any optical t

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Faris, Keti, M. Atroshey Salih, and A. Hamadamin Jalil. "Design of a RoF fronthaul link based on optical generation of mm-waves for 5G C-RANs." Design of a RoF fronthaul link based on optical generation of mm-waves for 5G C-RANs 30, no. 1 (2023): 157–66. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v30.i1.pp157-166.

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In this paper, a cloud-radio access networks based (C-RANs) radio-over-fiber (RoF) system have been reported with the optical generation of 28 GHz and 57 GHz millimeter-wave using phase modulation and stimulated Brillouin scattering effect in optical fibers. As a result, a cost-effective system with improved performance is achieved by the proposed method. Based on the proposed scheme, a 28 GHz (licensed band) and 57 GHz (Un-licensed band) optical millimeter-waves are generated by simulation only using 14 GHz and 16 GHz radio frequency (RF) respectively. Because the performance of any optical t

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Emilia, Moldovan, Khaddaj Mallat Nazih, and Ovidiu Tatu Serioja. "Six-port interferometer for W-band transceivers: design and characterization." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 4 (2019): 2703–14. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2703-2714.

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The study has presented an extensive analysis of an integrated millimeter wave six-port interferometer, operating over a 10 GHz band, from 80 to 90 GHz. It has covered both semi-unlicensed point-to-point links (81-86 GHz), and imaging sensor system frequencies (above 85 GHz). An in-house process is used to fabricate miniaturized hybrid millimeter wave integrated circuits on a very thin ceramic substrate. Two-port S-parameter measurements are performed on a minimum number of circuits integrated on the same die, exploiting the circuit’s physical symmetry and chosen to collect enough data f

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Paul, Liton Chandra, Sarker Saleh Ahmed Ankan, Tithi Rani, et al. "Design and Characterization of a Compact Four-Element Microstrip Array Antenna for WiFi-5/6 Routers." International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 2023 (August 17, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6640730.

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The WiFi-5 band was the most popular WiFi band until the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced a new spectrum of 6 GHz WiFi (5.925–7.125 GHz) for unlicensed users. Our proposed work is about to cover both the 5 GHz and 6 GHz WiFi bands. These two bands have a great impact in the wireless communication field. A low-loss Rogers RT 5880 material is used as the substrate layer, which helps us to make the antenna compact ( 23 × 40 × 0.79 mm3) keeping a good performance profile over the latest high-speed WiFi-5/6 band. The proposed antenna covers a huge bandwidth (simulated BW: 2.85 GHz

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Martínez-Vázquez, Marta, Christos Oikonomopoulos-Zachos, Kai Maulwurf, et al. "Highly integrated antennas and front-ends for 60 GHz WLAN applications." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 3, no. 2 (2011): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078711000298.

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This paper provides an overview of the research carried on in the EASY-A project concerning the design of antennas for different applications in the unlicensed band around 60 GHz, and their integration into compact RF front-ends. Different antenna configurations, in conventional microwave substrate and low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC), were studied and fabricated. The results comply with the requirements established for various scenarios.

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Khan, Muhammad Irshad, Muhammad Irfan Khattak, Gunawan Witjaksono, et al. "Experimental Investigation of a Planar Antenna with Band Rejection Features for Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) Wireless Networks." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (June 2, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2164716.

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The Federal Communication Commission (FCC) has authorized the use of unlicensed ultra-wide band (UWB) spectrum in the frequency range from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz for a variety of short-range applications, including wireless monitors and printers, camcorders, radar imaging, and personal area networks (PANS). However, the interference between coexisting narrowband channels and UWB signals that share the same spectrum should be avoided by designing UWB antennas with band notch characteristics. This work presents a printed monopole antenna (PMA) with slots of different shapes etched in the radiating elem

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Moldovan, Emilia, Nazih Khaddaj Mallat, and Serioja Ovidiu Tatu. "MHMIC Six-port Interferometer for W-band Transceivers: Design and Characterization." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 4 (2019): 2703. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2703-2714.

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The study has presented an extensive analysis of an integrated millimeter wave six-port interferometer, operating over a 10 GHz band, from 80 to 90 GHz. It has covered both semi-unlicensed point-to-point links (81-86 GHz), and imaging sensor system frequencies (above 85 GHz). An in-house process is used to fabricate miniaturized hybrid millimeter wave integrated circuits on a very thin ceramic substrate. Two-port S-parameter measurements are performed on a minimum number of circuits integrated on the same die, exploiting the circuit’s physical symmetry and chosen to collect enough data for ful

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Ramesh, S., and T. Rama Rao. "Indoor channel characterization studies for V-band gigabit wireless communications using dielectric-loaded exponentially tapered slot antenna." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 8 (2015): 1243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715000781.

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Demands for very high-speed wireless communication access is rapidly growing with respect to the increasing data rates for the use of rich multimedia content in various applications of defense, enterprise, industrial, and public domains. To serve these gigabit fidelity (Gi-Fi) uses for various wireless applications, millimeter wave (MmW) wireless technology with huge bandwidth in licensed/unlicensed bands is triggering boundless avenues. In this research, the concept of substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) and exponentially tapered slot (ETS) antenna are used together design a high-gain, effic

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Schulz, Alexander, Sven Rentsch, Lei Xia, Robert Mueller, and Jens Mueller. "A Low Loss Fully Embedded Stripline Parallel Coupled BPF for Applications using the 60 GHz Band." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, CICMT (2011): 000050–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-2011-ta22.

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This paper presents a low loss fully embedded bandpass filter (BPF) using low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) for multilayer System-in-Package (SiP) and Multi-Chip-Module (MCM) applications, e.g. wireless applications for the unlicensed 60 GHz band. The measured insertion loss was 1.5 dB at the center frequency 58 GHz, and a return loss of less than −10 dB was achieved, including two grounded coplanar waveguide transmission line (CPWg) to stripline transitions. The four layers BPF has a 3 dB bandwidth of about 11 GHz which supplies e.g. broadband and high data rate applications. The whole

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Cuzanauskas, Tomas, and Aurimas Anskaitis. "APPLYING GAME THEORY IN 802.11 WIRELESS NETWORKS / ŽAIDIMŲ TEORIJOS TAIKYMAS IEEE 802.11 TINKLUOSE." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 7, no. 3 (2015): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2015.797.

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IEEE 802.11 is one of the most popular wireless technologies in recent days. Due to easiness of adaption and relatively low cost the demand for IEEE 802.11 devices is increasing exponentially. IEEE works in two bands 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz, these bands are known as ISM band. The unlicensed bands are managed by authority which set simple rules to follow when using unlicensed bands, the rules includes requirements as maximum power, out-of-band emissions control as well as interference mitigation. However these rules became outdated as IEEE 802.11 technology is emerging and evolving in hours the rules

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Boufouss, Rachida, and Abdellah Najid. "A low-loss dual-band bandpass filter using open-loop stepped-impedance resonators and spur-lines for sub-6 GHz 5G mobile communications." AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering 7, no. 4 (2023): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2023014.

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<abstract><p>This article presents the design of a low-loss microstrip dual-band bandpass filter with improved inter-band isolation and selectivity for 5G sub-6 GHz mobile communications. The proposed filter utilizes the two first resonance mode frequencies provided by the stepped-impedance resonator to generate its two passbands at 3.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz, and spur-lines located before the input/output ports to improve the isolation and selectivity between passbands. The filter is designed using an RT/Duroid 5870 substrate with a relative permittivity of 2.33 and a thickness of 0.79 m

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Tang, Chunju, and Yanping Liu. "Machine Learning Approaches for Sharing Unlicensed Millimeter-Wave Bands in Heterogeneously Integrated Sensing and Communication Networks." Electronics 12, no. 20 (2023): 4193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12204193.

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Due to the increasing demand of high data rate, spectrum scarcity is a key problem for providing unprecedented capacity in diversified applications for future wireless networks. Therefore, the efficiently shared use of unlicensed bands is one of the promising solutions for addressing the spectrum scarcity issue. We study decentralized machine learning approaches using the paradigm of integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) for the shared use of unlicensed millimeter-wave bands. We first present a 5G–WiFi fusion protocol stack for sharing unlicensed millimeter-wave bands, and then design an

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Saha, Rony Kumer. "Realization of Licensed/Unlicensed Spectrum Sharing Using eICIC in Indoor Small Cells for High Spectral and Energy Efficiencies of 5G Networks." Energies 12, no. 14 (2019): 2828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142828.

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In this paper, we show how to realize numerous spectrum licensing policies by means of time-domain enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) technique to share both the licensed and unlicensed spectrums with small cells in order to address the increasing demand of capacity, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency of future mobile networks. Small cells are deployed only in 3-dimensional (3D) buildings within a macrocell coverage of a mobile network operator (MNO). We exploit the external wall penetration loss of each building to realize traditional dedicated access, co-primary sh

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Abdulhamid, Mohanad, and James Karugu. "On the design of class-J microwave power amplifier." International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 10, no. 3 (2019): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2019.0026.

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Due to the ISM band being unlicensed for communication applications, a lot of applications have been developed in this band and a good example is WiFi IEEE 802.11a, b, g, n of Bluetooth. This numeracy of applications motivated this paper. The paper is concerned with the design of a low distortion 20 dBm 2.4 GHz class-J power amplifier (PA) since PAs are indispensable in radio communications. The design is based on the AVAGO ATF-52189 transistor with a transition frequency of 6 GHz. The design is done as a hybrid circuit network realized using microstrip elements and surface mount device (SMD)

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Kundu, Surajit. "Experimental study of CPW‐fed printed UWB antenna with radiation improvement for ground coupling GPR application." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 60, no. 10 (2018): 2462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.31398.

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AbstractA compact (35 × 30 × 0.8 mm3) coplanar waveguide‐fed circular disk monopole antenna with gain enhancement using dual frequency‐selective surface (FSS) layers, each of dimension 44 × 44 × 1.6 mm3 is proposed in this letter. The proposed antenna added with FSS provides a maximum gain improvement of nearly 5 dBi in the impedance band from 3 to more than 20 GHz. Radiation in the broadside direction is also improved due to the addition of FSS layers. The proposed antenna is also experimentally tested in close proximity of sand and wood made test beds of varying thicknesses with aluminum she

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Barua, Soumen, Abu Zafar Md. Imran, Md Emdadul Hoque Bhuiyan, et al. "Highly efficient microstrip patch antenna for wireless gigabit alliance applications." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 26, no. 3 (2022): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i3.pp1451-1459.

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A <span>wireless gigabit alliance (WiGig) is widely known for higher bandwidth which operates at 60GHz unlicensed spectrum for super-fast data speed over short distances for millimeter-wave band application. This study offers an efficient, compact microstrip patch antenna for WiGig with a lesser return loss -50.45 dB (60 GHz). The gain and directivity of the proposed antenna are 13.01 dB and 13.42 dBi. It provides higher efficiency of around 91%. The proposed antenna also covers another mm-wave band that is at 95 GHz. The U.S. military uses electromagnetic radiation of 95 GHz as a non-le

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Barua, Soumen, Abu Zafar Md. Imran, Md. Emdadul Hoque Bhuiyan, et al. "Highly efficient microstrip patch antenna for wireless gigabit alliance applications." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 26, no. 3 (2022): 1451–59. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i3.pp1451-1459.

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A wireless gigabit alliance (WiGig) is widely known for higher bandwidth which operates at 60GHz unlicensed spectrum for super-fast data speed over short distances for millimeter-wave band application. This study offers an efficient, compact microstrip patch antenna for WiGig with a lesser return loss -50.45 dB (60 GHz). The gain and directivity of the proposed antenna are 13.01 dB and 13.42 dBi. It provides higher efficiency of around 91%. The proposed antenna also covers another mm-wave band that is at 95 GHz. The U.S. military uses electromagnetic radiation of 95 GHz as a non-lethal weapon.

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Kartal, Mesut, Sedef Kent Pinar, Bora Doken, and Ismail Gungor. "A New Narrow Band Frequency Selective Surface Geometry Design at the Unlicensed 2.4-GHz ISM Band." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 55, no. 12 (2013): 2986–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.28009.

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Ghaddar, M., L. Talbi, and G. Y. Delisle. "Coherence bandwidth measurement in indoor broadband propagation channel at unlicensed 60 GHz band." Electronics Letters 48, no. 13 (2012): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2012.0397.

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Kartal, Mesut, and Bora Döken. "A new frequency selective absorber surface at the unlicensed 2.4-GHz ISM band." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 58, no. 10 (2016): 2351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.30045.

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Riobó, Miguel, Rob Hofman, Iñigo Cuiñas, Manuel García Sánchez, and Jo Verhaevert. "Wideband Performance Comparison between the 40 GHz and 60 GHz Frequency Bands for Indoor Radio Channels." Electronics 8, no. 11 (2019): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111234.

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When 5G networks are to be deployed, the usability of millimeter-wave frequency allocations seems to be left out of the debate. However, there is an open question regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the main candidates for this allocation: The use of the licensed spectrum near 40 GHz or the unlicensed band at 60 GHz. Both bands may be adequate for high performance radio communication systems, and this paper provides insight into such alternatives. A large measurement campaign supplied enough data to analyze and to evaluate the network performance for both frequency bands in different

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BEN AMOR, MERIAM, MOURAD LOULOU, SEBASTIEN QUINTANEL та DANIEL PASQUET. "A FULLY INTEGRATED MULTIBAND CMOS 0.35 μM LNA FOR IEEE802.16 STANDARD". Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, № 02 (2013): 1250088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126612500880.

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In this paper we present the design of a fully integrated low noise amplifier for WiMAX standard with AMS 0.35 μm CMOS process. This LNA is designed to cover the frequency range for licensed and unlicensed bands of the WiMAX 2.3–5.9 GHz. The proposed amplifier achieves a wide band input and output matching with S11 and S22 lower than -10 dB, a flat gain of 12 dB and a noise figure around 3.5 dB for the entire band and from the upper to the higher frequencies. The presented wide band LNA employs a Chebyshev filter for input matching and an inductive shunt feedback for output matching with a bia

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Nguyen, Dien, Tuan Le, Sangsoon Lee, and Eun-Seok Ryu. "SHVC Tile-Based 360-Degree Video Streaming for Mobile VR: PC Offloading Over mmWave." Sensors 18, no. 11 (2018): 3728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113728.

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360-degree video streaming for high-quality virtual reality (VR) is challenging for current wireless systems because of the huge bandwidth it requires. However, millimeter wave (mmWave) communications in the 60 GHz band has gained considerable interest from the industry and academia because it promises gigabit wireless connectivity in the huge unlicensed bandwidth (i.e., up to 7 GHz). This massive unlicensed bandwidth offers great potential for addressing the demand for 360-degree video streaming. This paper investigates the problem of 360-degree video streaming for mobile VR using the SHVC, t

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Rahman, Md Mushfiqur, Md Shabiul Islam, Hin Yong Wong, Touhidul Alam, and Mohammad Tariqul Islam. "Performance Analysis of a Defected Ground-Structured Antenna Loaded with Stub-Slot for 5G Communication." Sensors 19, no. 11 (2019): 2634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19112634.

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In this paper, a defected ground-structured antenna with a stub-slot configuration is proposed for future 5G wireless applications. A simple stub-slot configuration is used in the patch antenna to get the dual band frequency response in the 5G mid-band and the upper unlicensed frequency region. Further, a 2-D double period Electronic band gap (EBG) structure has been implemented as a defect in the metallic ground plane to get a wider impedance bandwidth. The size of the slots and their positions are optimized to get a considerably high impedance bandwidth of 12.49% and 4.49% at a passband freq

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Isapour, A., D. Bahloul, and A. B. Kouki. "A comparative study on four different transmission lines in LTCC for 60 GHz applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2016, CICMT (2016): 000191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2016cicmt-tha22.

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Abstract The wireless telecommunication systems have an undeniable role in today's society. The rapid progress of wireless services and applications accelerates demands for high data-rate reliable systems. The 60 GHz band with its 5 GHz globally unlicensed available spectrum, provides a great opportunity for the next generation of high data-rate wireless communication. Despite this attractive bandwidth surrounding 60 GHz, there are still many challenges to be addressed such as the loss performance and the integration with other systems. Low Temperature Cofired Ceramic (LTCC) technology, with i

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Negi, Deepa, and Rajesh Khanna. "A Millimeter Wave Antenna using Slots for Defense Applications." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.11 (2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.11.11003.

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In this paper, a rectangular dual band millimeter wave (MMW) microstrip antenna using U and circular slot is designed for defense applications. The antenna operates in the (57-64) GHz unlicensed frequency band. The proposed antenna is designed using RT/duroid substrate having dielectric constant 2.3, thickness 0.04mm and strip line feeding technique. The proposed antenna results are simulated and optimized using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) simulation software. The maximum return loss achieved is -15dB and -25.45 dB respectively for both U and circular slot. Simulation results show tha

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Mašík, I. "Reliability of ZigBee transmission in agriculture production." Research in Agricultural Engineering 59, No. 4 (2013): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/15/2013-rae.

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Currently, the unlicensed ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical) band 2.4 GHz has become saturated due many standards used at once. In agricultural production ZigBee has a lot of applications, from wireless sensors networks to complicated automation applications. This paper deals with improving the coexistence properties of ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4), while keeping compatibility with the basic standard. This paper describes principles and application of forward error correction above the physical layer, consisting of block data interleaver and Hamming code, and also the effect of improvements in

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Bocanegra, Carlos, Takai Eddine Kennouche, Zhengnan Li, Lorenzo Favalli, Marco Di Felice, and Kaushik Chowdhury. "E-Fi: Evasive Wi-Fi Measures for Surviving LTE within 5 GHz Unlicensed Band." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 18, no. 4 (2019): 830–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2018.2849409.

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Pfeiffer, F., M. Rashwan, E. Biebl, and B. Napholz. "Coexistence issues for a 2.4 GHz wireless audio streaming in presence of bluetooth paging and WLAN." Advances in Radio Science 13 (November 3, 2015): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-13-181-2015.

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Abstract. Nowadays, customers expect to integrate their mobile electronic devices (smartphones and laptops) in a vehicle to form a wireless network. Typically, IEEE 802.11 is used to provide a high-speed wireless local area network (WLAN) and Bluetooth is used for cable replacement applications in a wireless personal area network (PAN). In addition, Daimler uses KLEER as third wireless technology in the unlicensed (UL) 2.4 GHz-ISM-band to transmit full CD-quality digital audio. As Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 and KLEER are operating in the same frequency band, it has to be ensured that all three tec

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