Relevant bibliographies by topics / Giant short-faced bear

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Academic literature on the topic 'Giant short-faced bear'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Giant short-faced bear"

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Mitchell, Kieren J., Sarah C. Bray, Pere Bover, Leopoldo Soibelzon, Blaine W. Schubert, Francisco Prevosti, Alfredo Prieto, Fabiana Martin, Jeremy J. Austin, and Alan Cooper. "Ancient mitochondrial DNA reveals convergent evolution of giant short-faced bears (Tremarctinae) in North and South America." Biology Letters 12, no. 4 (April 2016): 20160062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0062.

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The Tremarctinae are a subfamily of bears endemic to the New World, including two of the largest terrestrial mammalian carnivores that have ever lived: the giant, short-faced bears Arctodus simus from North America and Arctotherium angustidens from South America (greater than or equal to 1000 kg). Arctotherium angustidens became extinct during the Early Pleistocene, whereas Arctodus simus went extinct at the very end of the Pleistocene. The only living tremarctine is the spectacled bear ( Tremarctos ornatus ), a largely herbivorous bear that is today only found in South America. The relationships among the spectacled bears ( Tremarctos ), South American short-faced bears ( Arctotherium ) and North American short-faced bears ( Arctodus ) remain uncertain. In this study, we sequenced a mitochondrial genome from an Arctotherium femur preserved in a Chilean cave. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the South American short-faced bears were more closely related to the extant South American spectacled bear than to the North American short-faced bears. This result suggests striking convergent evolution of giant forms in the two groups of short-faced bears ( Arctodus and Arctotherium ), potentially as an adaptation to dominate competition for megafaunal carcasses.
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Soibelzon, Leopoldo H., Gustavo A. Grinspan, Hervé Bocherens, Walter G. Acosta, Washington Jones, Ernesto R. Blanco, and Francisco Prevosti. "South American giant short-faced bear (Arctotherium angustidens) diet: evidence from pathology, morphology, stable isotopes, and biomechanics." Journal of Paleontology 88, no. 6 (November 2014): 1240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/13-143.

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Arctotherium angustidensGervais and Ameghino, 1880 (the South American giant short-faced bear) is known for being the earliest (Ensenadan Age, early to middle Pleistocene) and largest (body mass over 1 ton) of five describedArctotheriumspecies endemic to South America. Here we assess the diet of this bear from multiple proxies: morphology, biomechanics, dental pathology, stable isotopes and a previous study using geometric morphometric methodology. Results favor the idea of animal matter consumption, probably from large vertebrates in addition to vegetable matter consumption. Most probably, active hunting was not the unique strategy of this bear for feeding, since its large size and great power may have allowed him to fight for the prey hunted by other Pleistocene carnivores. However, scavenging over mega mammal carcasses was probably another frequent way of feeding. South American short-faced bears adjusted their size and modified their diet through Pleistocene times, probably as a response to the diversification of the carnivore guild (from the few precursory taxa that crossed the Panamanian Isthmus during the Great American Biotic Interchange).
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Schubert, Blaine W., Richard C. Hulbert, Bruce J. Macfadden, Michael Searle, and Seina Searle. "Giant short-faced bears (Arctodus simus) in Pleistocene Florida USA, a substantial range extension." Journal of Paleontology 84, no. 1 (January 2010): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09-113.1.

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Fossils of the giant short-faced bear,Arctodus simus(Cope, 1879), have been recovered from over 100 localities in North America, extending from Mexico to Alaska and California to Virginia. Despite this large range, the species has never been recorded from the southeastern United States. The lesser short-faced bear,Arctodus pristinusLeidy, 1854 is well represented from this region, particularly Florida, but all known occurrences are late Pliocene – middle Pleistocene in age (about 2.5 to 0.3 Ma). DifferentiatingA. simusfromA. pristinuscan be difficult because large individuals ofA. pristinusoverlap in size with small individuals ofA. simus, and there are few morphological differences. However, these two taxa can be clearly separated based on the relative proportions of their molars and premolars. Two Pleistocene records ofA. simusrepresenting a minimum of three individuals from the Withlacoochee River drainage of central Florida are reported here, substantially extending the distribution of this massive bear into southeastern North America. A late Pleistocene age for these occurrences is corroborated by an associated Rancholabrean fauna and rare earth elemental analyses. One of the reported individuals is quite large, supporting the hypothesis of extreme sexual dimorphism inA. simusand rejecting a hypothesis of two subspecies.
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Steffen, Martina L., and C. R. Harington. "Giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus) from late Wisconsinan deposits at Cowichan Head, Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 47, no. 8 (August 2010): 1029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e10-018.

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A giant short-faced bear ( Arctodus simus ) ulna fragment was found at the base of exposed Quaternary sediments at Cowichan Head, southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia. In this paper, the ulna fragment and its geological context are described and a reasonable taphonomic trajectory is presented. The radiocarbon age of 22 750 ± 140 BP on the bone indicates that these bears were on Vancouver Island during the late Wisconsinan. A likely source for the Cowichan Head A. simus was from the mainland to the southeast.
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Steffen, Martina L., and Tara L. Fulton. "On the association of giant short-faced bear ( Arctodus simus ) and brown bear ( Ursus arctos ) in late Pleistocene North America." Geobios 51, no. 1 (February 2018): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2017.12.001.

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6

Soibelzon, Leopoldo H., and Blaine W. Schubert. "The largest known bear, Arctotherium angustidens, from the early Pleistocene Pampean region of Argentina: with a discussion of size and diet trends in bears." Journal of Paleontology 85, no. 1 (January 2011): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/10-037.1.

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The South American giant short-faced bear (Arctotherium angustidens Gervais and Ameghino, 1880) is one of five described Arctotherium species endemic to South America and it is known for being the earliest, largest, and most carnivorous member of the genus. Here we report an extraordinarily large A. angustidens individual exhumed from Ensenadan sediments (early to middle Pleistocene) at Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Based on overall size, degree of epiphyseal fusion, and pathologies, this bear was an old-aged male that sustained serious injuries during life. Body mass of the bear is estimated and compared to other ursid species based on a series of allometric equations. To our knowledge, this specimen now represents the largest bear ever recorded. In light of this discovery, we discuss the evolution of body size in Arctotherium (from large-to-small) and compare this to bears that exhibited different evolutionary trajectories. We suggest that the larger size and more carnivorous nature of A. angustidens, compared to later members of the genus, may reflect the relative lack of other large carnivores and abundance of herbivores in South America just after the Great American Biotic Interchange.
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Burns, James A., and Robert R. Young. "Pleistocene mammals of the Edmonton area, Alberta. Part I. The carnivores." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 31, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e94-036.

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Late Pleistocene fossils have been recovered sporadically in the Edmonton area, in central Alberta, for many years but there has been little work in determining their age. Fossils from quarries in North Saskatchewan River terraces and buried valley gravels are recognized as Late Pleistocene (mid-Wisconsinan) and early Holocene taxa, and numerous 14C dates on mammalian remains now support the assessment. The mammalian fauna consists of at least 16 taxa, including mostly grazing herbivores, but also three carnivores: Canis cf. Canis lupus (gray wolf), Arctodus simus (giant short-faced bear), and Panthera leo atrox (Pleistocene lion). The carnivores are first records for the region, and Arctodus is a first record for Alberta.
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Donohue, Shelly L., Larisa R. G. DeSantis, Blaine W. Schubert, and Peter S. Ungar. "Was the Giant Short-Faced Bear a Hyper-Scavenger? A New Approach to the Dietary Study of Ursids Using Dental Microwear Textures." PLoS ONE 8, no. 10 (October 30, 2013): e77531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077531.

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Pedersen, Mikkel Winther, Bianca De Sanctis, Nedda F. Saremi, Martin Sikora, Emily E. Puckett, Zhenquan Gu, Katherine L. Moon, et al. "Environmental genomics of Late Pleistocene black bears and giant short-faced bears." Current Biology 31, no. 12 (June 2021): 2728–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.027.

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10

Schubert, Blaine W. "Late Quaternary chronology and extinction of North American giant short-faced bears (Arctodus simus)." Quaternary International 217, no. 1-2 (April 2010): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2009.11.010.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Giant short-faced bear"

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Lynch, Eric Randally. "Cursorial Adaptations in the Forelimb of the Giant Short-Faced Bear, Arctodus simus, Revealed by Traditional and 3D Landmark Morphometrics." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1477.

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The paleobiology of the Pleistocene North American giant short-faced bear, Arctodus simus, has eluded paleontologists for decades. Its more gracile form has led past researchers to myriad intepretations of the locomotion and feeding ecology of this species. While earlier studies have focused on craniodental morphology and simple postcranial indices, it is forelimb morphology that represents a direct compromise between locomotor and foraging behavior. The study here uses traditional and 3D landmark morphometrics to more completely compare the 3-dimensional shape of the major forelimb elements and their muscle attachment sites between A. simus, extant ursids, and other carnivorans. Results herein agree well with previous studies and provide additional evidence for reduced abductor/adductor and supinator/pronator musculature, more restricted parasagittal motion, increased stride length, and lighter and more packed distal elements. Forelimb skeletal morphology therefore supports the hypothesis that A. simmus represents a bear in the early stages of cursorial evolution.
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Books on the topic "Giant short-faced bear"

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Short-faced bear. Edina, Minn: Abdo Pub. Co., 2004.

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2

Richards, Ronald L. Giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus yukonensis) remains from Fulton County, northern Indiana. [Chicago, Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, 1995.

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3

Richards, Ronald L. Giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus yukonensis) remains from Fulton County, northern Indiana. Chicago, Ill: Field Museum of Natural History, 1995.

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Giant Short-Faced Bears. Creative Co, 2017.

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5

Gilbert, Sara. Ice Age Mega Beasts: Giant Short-Faced Bears. Creative Company, The, 2017.

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