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Journal articles on the topic 'Giardia'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Šarić, Mirela, Anke Vahrmann, Daniela Niebur, Verena Kluempers, Adrian B. Hehl та Henning Scholze. "Dual Acylation Accounts for the Localization of α19-Giardin in the Ventral Flagellum Pair of Giardia lamblia". Eukaryotic Cell 8, № 10 (2009): 1567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00136-09.

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ABSTRACT A Giardia-specific protein family denominated as α-giardins, represents the major protein component, besides tubulin, of the cytoskeleton of the human pathogenic parasite Giardia lamblia. One of its members, α19-giardin, carries an N-terminal sequence extension of MGCXXS, which in many proteins serves as a target for dual lipid conjugation: myristoylation at the glycine residue after removal of the methionine and palmitoylation at the cysteine residue. As the first experimental evidence of a lipid modification, we found α19-giardin to be associated with the membrane fraction of disrup

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Shukla, Geeta, Tarveen Kaur, Rakesh Sehgal, Praveen Rishi, and Vijay Prabha. "Protective potential of L. acidophilus in murine giardiasis." Open Medicine 5, no. 4 (2010): 456–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-009-0139-x.

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AbstractThis study describes the in vivo activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus in Giardia lamblia infected BALB/c mice. Experimentally, it was observed that daily administration of lactobacilli 7 days before or in simultaneous inoculation with Giardia trophozoites efficiently reduced G. lamblia infection in mice. More specifically, excretion of Giardia cysts were reduced significantly in probiotic-treated groups, and resolution of infection was observed by day 21 post-inoculation. It was also observed that the lactobacillus count increased tremendously and continuously in faeces of all probiot

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3

Mahdavi, Milad, Abdolhossein Dalimi, and Fatemeh Ghaffarifar. "Identification of Cryptosporidium oocyst and Giardia cyst in of the samples of raw surface water of Kan River in Tehran." Afghanistan Journal of Infectious Diseases 2, no. 2 (2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.60141/ajid/v.2.i.2/1.

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Background: Giardia and Cryptosporidium are considered the most important causal agents of non-bloody diarrhea, especially among primary school children, in many countries, including Iran. Many rivers are contaminated with Cryptosporidium oocyst and Giardia lamblia cysts due to domestic wastewater or farm wastewater and also the living of rodents on their margins. The present study aims to evaluate Kan River contamination with Cryptosporidium oocyst and Giardia cyst in Tehran by molecular method. Materials and Methods: Sampling was conducted from different parts of the Kan River in different s

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Mateusa, Maira, Maija Selezņova, Margarita Terentjeva, and Gunita Deksne. "Giardia duodenalis (Styles, 1902) in Cattle: Isolation of Calves with Diarrhoea and Manure Treatment in the Lagoon Presented as Risk Factors in Latvian Herds." Microorganisms 11, no. 9 (2023): 2338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092338.

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Giardia duodenalis is a waterborne zoonotic protozoan that causes gastrointestinal tract inflammation in humans, cattle, and other animals. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence and potential risk factors for Giardia infection in cattle in Latvia. During 2020–2021, a total of 973 individual faecal samples from cattle aged from 1 day to 12 years old, from 32 cattle herds, were tested for Giardia cyst presence with immunofluorescence staining followed by Giardia assemblage differentiation targeting beta-giardin gene. Using a questionnaire, information was collected to estim

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5

Han, Jian, and Lesley J. Collins. "Reconstruction of Sugar Metabolic Pathways of Giardia lamblia." International Journal of Proteomics 2012 (October 18, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/980829.

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Giardia lamblia is an “important” pathogen of humans, but as a diplomonad excavate it is evolutionarily distant from other eukaryotes and relatively little is known about its core metabolic pathways. KEGG, the widely referenced site for providing information of metabolism, does not yet include many enzymes from Giardia species. Here we identify Giardia’s core sugar metabolism using standard bioinformatic approaches. By comparing Giardia proteomes with known enzymes from other species, we have identified enzymes in the glycolysis pathway, as well as some enzymes involved in the TCA cycle and ox

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Esteban-Sánchez, Lorena, Marta Mateo-Barrientos, Manuel de la Riva-Fraga, Lino Pérez de Quadros, Juan José García Rodríguez, and Francisco Ponce-Gordo. "Genetic Identification of Parasitic Giardia enterica in Three Wild Rodent Species from a Zoological Institution: First Host Records in Brazilian Porcupine (Coendou prehensilis) and Naked Mole Rat (Heterocephalus glaber), and Detection in Crested Porcupine (Hystrix cristata)." Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 6, no. 2 (2025): 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg6020028.

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Flagellates of the genus Giardia are intestinal parasites with a broad host range. Several Giardia duodenalis variants (assemblages) recently elevated to species rank—G. duodenalis (assemblage A1), G. intestinalis (A2) and Giardia enterica (B) are human pathogens. Giardia enterica has been reported in some hystricomorph rodents such as wild crested porcupines (Hystrix cristata), but no data were previously available from Brazilian porcupines (Coendou prehensilis) and naked mole rats (Heterocephalus glaber). The aim of this study is to genetically identify the Giardia isolates from these three

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7

Touz, María, Constanza Feliziani, and Andrea Rópolo. "Membrane-Associated Proteins in Giardia lamblia." Genes 9, no. 8 (2018): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9080404.

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The manner in which membrane-associated proteins interact with the membrane defines their subcellular fate and function. This interaction relies on the characteristics of the proteins, their journey after synthesis, and their interaction with other proteins or enzymes. Understanding these properties may help to define the function of a protein and also the role of an organelle. In the case of microorganisms like protozoa parasites, it may help to understand singular features that will eventually lead to the design of parasite-specific drugs. The protozoa parasite Giardia lamblia is an example

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8

Crossley, R., and D. Holberton. "Assembly of 2.5 nm filaments from giardin, a protein associated with cytoskeletal microtubules in Giardia." Journal of Cell Science 78, no. 1 (1985): 205–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.78.1.205.

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The giardins are a family of approximately 30000 Mr structural proteins found in microribbons attached to microtubules in the disc cytoskeleton of Giardia. After examining the solubility of giardins in various agents, a method has been developed to extract these polypeptides and subsequently precipitate them selectively. The giardin chains are soluble in 10 mM-HEPES/EDTA buffer at high pH and low ionic strength, but become insoluble in 10 mM-MES/EDTA buffer at pH 6.7 when the ionic strength is raised above 50 mM salt. By dialysing giardin extracts in turn against dissociating and reassembly bu

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9

Wei, Chao Jun, Xi Feng Tian, Rodney D. Adam, and Si Qi Lu. "Giardia lamblia: Intracellular localization of alpha8-giardin." Experimental Parasitology 126, no. 4 (2010): 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2010.05.028.

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10

Heyworth, Martin F., Jason D. Foell та Thomas W. Sell. "Giardia muris:Evidence for a β-Giardin Homologue". Experimental Parasitology 91, № 3 (1999): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/expr.1998.4367.

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11

Nixon, Julie E. J., Amy Wang, Jessica Field, et al. "Evidence for Lateral Transfer of Genes Encoding Ferredoxins, Nitroreductases, NADH Oxidase, and Alcohol Dehydrogenase 3 from Anaerobic Prokaryotes to Giardialamblia and Entamoebahistolytica." Eukaryotic Cell 1, no. 2 (2002): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.1.2.181-190.2002.

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ABSTRACT Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica are amitochondriate, microaerophilic protists which use fermentation enzymes like those of bacteria to survive anaerobic conditions within the intestinal lumen. Genes encoding fermentation enzymes and related electron transport peptides (e.g., ferredoxins) in giardia organisms and amebae are hypothesized to be derived from either an ancient anaerobic eukaryote (amitochondriate fossil hypothesis), a mitochondrial endosymbiont (hydrogen hypothesis), or anaerobic bacteria (lateral transfer hypothesis). The goals here were to complete the molecula

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12

Abbasi, Elnaz, Alireza Amouzandeh-Nobaveh, and Ehsanollah Ghaznavi-Rad. "The Frequency of the Intestinal Parasites Giardia Lamblia and Entamoeba Histolytica in Pediatric Diarrhea Specimens from Central Iran." Open Microbiology Journal 14, no. 1 (2020): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285802014010053.

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Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections, particularly those caused by Giardia lamblia, are among the major health problems that exist worldwide, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of the intestinal parasites Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica that were isolated from samples of infectious diarrhea in pediatric patients from Central Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 230 samples of infectious diarrhea that were collected from May 2015 to February 2016. Direct observation, the formalin-ether sedimentation met

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13

de Gentile, Ludovic. "Giardia duodenalis, agent de la giardiase." EMC - Biologie Médicale 1, no. 1 (2006): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2211-9698(06)76277-x.

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14

Fernández-Lainez, Cynthia, Ignacio de la Mora-de la Mora, Itzhel García-Torres, et al. "Multilevel Approach for the Treatment of Giardiasis by Targeting Arginine Deiminase." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (2021): 9491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179491.

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Giardiasis represents a latent problem in public health due to the exceptionally pathogenic strategies of the parasite Giardia lamblia for evading the human immune system. Strains resistant to first-line drugs are also a challenge. Therefore, new antigiardial therapies are urgently needed. Here, we tested giardial arginine deiminase (GlADI) as a target against giardiasis. GlADI belongs to an essential pathway in Giardia for the synthesis of ATP, which is absent in humans. In silico docking with six thiol-reactive compounds was performed; four of which are approved drugs for humans. Recombinant

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15

Priest, Jeffrey W., Delynn M. Moss, Govinda S. Visvesvara, Cara C. Jones, Anna Li, and Judith L. Isaac-Renton. "Multiplex Assay Detection of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies That Recognize Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium parvum Antigens." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 17, no. 11 (2010): 1695–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00160-10.

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ABSTRACT Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are common enteric parasitic diseases that have similar routes of transmission. In this work, we have identified epitopes within the Giardia variant-specific surface protein (VSP) sequences that are recognized by IgG antibodies from 13 of 14 (93%) sera from patients with stool-confirmed giardiasis. The conserved epitopes are shared among VSPs from both of the assemblages that commonly infect humans, and they are likely to be structural, as both sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment and dithiothreitol reduction decrease antibody recognition. In a multiplex b

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16

Gultekin, Mehmet, Kerem Ural, Nuram Aysul, et al. "Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Giardia duodenalis in Calves in Turkey." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 45, no. 1 (2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.80032.

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Background: Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) is an ubiquitous, flagellated intestinal protozoan with major public health significance worldwide. Limited data are available on the epidemiology of G. duodenalis in dairy cattle from Turkey. Determining the zoonotic potential of the Giardia infection requires molecular characterization. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and to molecularly characterize G. duodenalis in calves less than three months of age in Aydin, Aegean region of Turkey.Materials, Methods & Results: The study was conducted on different dairy far

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17

Utaaker, Kjersti Selstad, Himanshu Joshi, Anil Kumar, Suman Chaudhary, and Lucy J. Robertson. "Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in potable water sources in Chandigarh, Northern India." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 68, no. 6 (2019): 483–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2019.157.

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AbstractContamination with Cryptosporidium and Giardia from drinking water sources in a city in Northern India was assessed. A protocol modified from a standard ISO protocol, which includes filtration, concentration, separation and detection steps, was tested and showed comparable recovery efficiencies (Giardia mean = 77.4%, Cryptosporidium mean = 61.8% from the modified protocol, compared with Giardia mean = 61.6%, Cryptosporidium mean = 69% from the ISO protocol) at a substantial cost reduction. This protocol was used for analysing 71 samples of potable water from different areas of Chandiga

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18

Yeo, Hye Rim, Mee Young Shin, Juri Kim, and Soon-Jung Park. "Giardia intraflagellar transport protein 88 is involved in flagella formation." Parasites, Hosts and Diseases 63, no. 1 (2025): 12–24. https://doi.org/10.3347/phd.24064.

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Intraflagellar transport (IFT) particles, a multi-protein apparatus composed of complex A and B, are known to be involved in homeostasis of flagella formation. IFT particles have recently become an interesting topic in Giardia lamblia, which has 4 pairs of flagella. In this experiment, we examined the function of giardial IFT components. When 7 components (IFT121, 140, 20, 46, 52, 81, and 88) of IFT were expressed in Giardia trophozoites as a tagged form with mNeonGreen, all of them were found in both flagella pores and cytoplasmic axonemes. In addition, motor proteins for IFT particles (kines

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19

Siddiq, A., T. Allain, G. Dong, M. Olivier, and A. Buret. "A202 ROLE OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IN GIARDIA-MICROBIOTA INTERACTIONS." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 4, Supplement_1 (2021): 226–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwab002.200.

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Abstract Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important mediators of host-parasite interactions. Studies in various parasites have shown that EVs have important roles in pathogenesis. The protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis, which causes diarrheal disease, produces EVs in response to changes in the environment. However, their exact role in the pathogenesis of giardiasis remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the effects of Giardia EVs on the gut commensal bacteria. EVs mediated disruption of the microbiota represents a novel mechanism that has not been investigated

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Çelik, Burçak Aslan, Özgür Yaşar Çelik, Adnan Ayan, et al. "Preliminary investigation of the prevalence and genotype distribution of Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis in cats in Siirt, Turkey." Acta Veterinaria 73, no. 3 (2023): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acve-2023-0024.

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Abstract Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are protozoan parasites found in humans and many animal species worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in cats and to evaluate the zoonotic potential of these agents. The animal material of the study consisted of a total of 40 cats brought to the Veterinary Faculty. Fresh fecal samples taken from the cats were placed in individual sample containers. All samples were examined under the microscope by Kinyoun Acid Fast staining for Cryptosporidium spp. and by

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Maux, M., I. Bertrand, C. Gantzer, and J. Schwartzbrod. "Estimating Giardia cyst viability using RT-PCR." Water Supply 2, no. 3 (2002): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0092.

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The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of molecular techniques for the detection of viable Giardia cysts in the environment to assess public health issues. Three target genes were selected: the heat shock protein gene, HSP70, which is expressed in response to stress; the giardin gene, which encodes a structural protein; and, alcohol dehydrogenase E (ADHE), a novel gene encoding an enzyme involved in the metabolism of energy. We tested the efficiency of five protocols for the extraction of either genomic DNA or total RNA from Giardia cysts: two of these protocols were previously cited in

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Crossley, R., J. Marshall, J. T. Clark, and D. V. Holberton. "Immunocytochemical differentiation of microtubules in the cytoskeleton of Giardia lamblia using monoclonal antibodies to alpha-tubulin and polyclonal antibodies to associated low molecular weight proteins." Journal of Cell Science 80, no. 1 (1986): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.80.1.233.

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In interphase trophozoites of Giardia lamblia, separate populations of microtubules constitute the four parts of the mastigont apparatus: flagella, ventral disc, funis and median body. Antigenic differences between the tubules have been investigated by light and electron immunocytochemistry after labelling with two monoclonal antibodies to alpha-tubulin (YL 1/2 and YOL 1/34 clones), and with polyclonal antibodies to Giardia tubule-associated proteins. Both anti-tubulins stained all tubules after isolated structures were fixed in formaldehyde, but different patterns of reactivity were shown by

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Liu, Hua, Ning Xu, Jianhai Yin, Zhongying Yuan, Yujuan Shen, and Jianping Cao. "Prevalence and multilocus genotyping of potentially zoonotic Giardia duodenalis in pigs in Shanghai, China." Parasitology 146, no. 9 (2019): 1199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182019000349.

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AbstractGiardia duodenalis is a common intestinal parasite in humans and other mammals, and it causes major public and veterinary health problems worldwide. China is a major pig-raising country, and studies on Giardia in pigs have important public health significance. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Giardia and assess its genetic characterization. A total of 93 samples were collected from two farms in Shanghai. The presence of Giardia was determined using PCR and sequence analysis of glutamate dehydrogenase, beta-giardin and triose phosphate isomerase genes. Th

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Heresi, G., and T. G. Cleary. "Giardia." Pediatrics in Review 18, no. 7 (1997): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.18-7-243.

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Heresi, Gloria, and Thomas G. Cleary. "Giardia." Pediatrics In Review 18, no. 7 (1997): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.18.7.243.

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Bartelt, Luther A., and James A. Platts-Mills. "Giardia." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 29, no. 5 (2016): 502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qco.0000000000000293.

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Hampton, Tracy. "Giardia." JAMA 298, no. 17 (2007): 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.17.1998-b.

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Winkworth, Cynthia L., James J. Learmonth, Christoph D. Matthaei, and Colin R. Townsend. "Molecular Characterization of Giardia Isolates from Calves and Humans in a Region in Which Dairy Farming Has Recently Intensified." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 16 (2008): 5100–5105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00232-08.

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ABSTRACT Giardiasis is a notifiable disease of high prevalence in New Zealand, but there is limited knowledge about the sources of Giardia duodenalis genotypes that can potentially cause human infections. Dairy calves are one environmental source of Giardia isolates, but it is unknown whether they harbor genotypes that are potentially capable of causing infections in humans. To address these questions, 40 Giardia isolates from calves and 30 from humans, living in the same region and collected over a similar period, were genotyped using the β-giardin gene. The G. duodenalis genetic assemblages

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Ouchene, N., N. A. Ouchene-Khelifi, M. Aissi, and A. Benakhla. "Prévalence de Cryptosporidium spp. et Giardia spp. chez les bovins de la région de Sétif au nord-est de l'Algérie." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 65, no. 3-4 (2012): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.10122.

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La prévalence de Cryptosporidium spp. et de Giardia spp. a été étudiée dans 13 élevages bovins laitiers de la région de Sétif au nord-est de l’Algérie. Au total, 634 prélèvements de fèces ont été réalisés dont 302 chez des veaux et 332 chez des adultes. Cryptosporidium spp. a été identifié dans neuf élevages (69,2 p. 100) et dans 22 p. 100 de l’ensemble des animaux. Le parasite a été observé dans toutes les classes d’âge avec une prévalence plus élevée chez les veaux de 4 à 30 jours (p < 0,01). L’excrétion d’oocystes de Cryptosporidium spp. a été très significativement associée aux diarrhée

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Andersen, Yolanda S., Frances D. Gillin, and Lars Eckmann. "Adaptive Immunity-Dependent Intestinal Hypermotility Contributes to Host Defense against Giardia spp." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 4 (2006): 2473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.74.4.2473-2476.2006.

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ABSTRACT Humans infected with Giardia exhibit intestinal hypermotility, but the underlying mechanisms and functional significance are uncertain. Here we show in murine models of giardiasis that small-intestinal hypermotility occurs in a delayed fashion relative to peak parasite burden, is dependent on adaptive immune defenses, and contributes to giardial clearance.

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Awad Awad, Mohymin Sabah, Tareq Rifaaht Minnat, and Anas A. Humadi. "Molecular Identification of Giardia Duodenalis Isolates from Children Stool in Diyala Province, Iraq." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 7 (2022): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167377.

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One of the most prevalent human intestine protozoan parasites in the world, Giardia duodenalis is indigenous to every continent and infects a broad variety of animal hosts. The goal of the current study was to determine the prevalence of infection among Giardia duodenalis isolates from regional hospitals and private clinics in the Iraqi province of Diyala that would be the subject of additional genetic analysis. From the beginning of October 2021 to the end of January 2022, 100 children's stools were collected from hospitals and health centers in Diyala, Iraq. Additionally, Giardia duodenalis

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Lux, Laura, Rainer G. Ulrich, Sérgio Santos-Silva, et al. "Detection and Molecular Characterization of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. Circulating in Wild Small Mammals from Portugal." Animals 13, no. 3 (2023): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13030515.

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Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. are important diarrhea-causing protozoan parasites worldwide that exhibit broad host ranges. Wild small mammals can harbor host-adapted and potentially zoonotic species of both parasites. The aim of this study was to investigate Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in wild rodents and shrews in Portugal, focusing on the protist’s occurrence and genetic diversity. Molecular screening by PCR at the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene locus of 290 fecal samples from wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus), southwestern water voles (Arvicola sapidus), Cabrera’s voles (Micr

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Mohammad Rahimi, Hanieh, Ehsan Javanmard, Ali Taghipour, Ali Haghighi, and Hamed Mirjalali. "Multigene typing of Giardia Duodenalis isolated from tuberculosis and non-tuberculosis subjects." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (2023): e0283515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283515.

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Giardia duodenalis is a cryptic protozoan, which has eight assemblages (A-H). Assemblages A and B are the main genotypes reported from humans with probable anthroponotic and zoonotic transmission. The current study aimed to characterize G. duodenalis assemblages in tuberculosis (TB) patients and healthy subjects using multilocus genotyping (MLG). Thirty Giardia-positive stool samples, which were obtained from TB patients and healthy subjects were included in the study. After total DNA extraction, three β-giardin (bg), triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes were am

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GEURDEN, T., B. LEVECKE, S. M. CACCIÓ, et al. "Multilocus genotyping of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in non-outbreak related cases of diarrhoea in human patients in Belgium." Parasitology 136, no. 10 (2009): 1161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009990436.

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SUMMARYStool samples from Belgian patients suffering from abdominal pain and/or diarrhoea were examined for Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Cryptosporidium-positive samples were genotyped using the 70 kDa heat shock protein and the 60 kDa glycoprotein (GP60) genes: C. hominis was identified in 54·2% and C. parvum in 45·8% of the samples. Sequencing at the GP60 locus indicated that subgenotype IbA10G2 of C. hominis and subgenotype IIaA15G2R1 of C. parvum were the most prevalent, although several other subgenotypes were identified. For Giardia, sequencing at the β-giardin, triose phosphate isomeras

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Dawson, Scott C., Meredith S. Sagolla, Joel J. Mancuso, et al. "Kinesin-13 Regulates Flagellar, Interphase, and Mitotic Microtubule Dynamics in Giardia intestinalis." Eukaryotic Cell 6, no. 12 (2007): 2354–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00128-07.

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ABSTRACT Microtubule depolymerization dynamics in the spindle are regulated by kinesin-13, a nonprocessive kinesin motor protein that depolymerizes microtubules at the plus and minus ends. Here we show that a single kinesin-13 homolog regulates flagellar length dynamics, as well as other interphase and mitotic dynamics in Giardia intestinalis, a widespread parasitic diplomonad protist. Both green fluorescent protein-tagged kinesin-13 and EB1 (a plus-end tracking protein) localize to the plus ends of mitotic and interphase microtubules, including a novel localization to the eight flagellar tips

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Groudan, Kevin, Kamesh Gupta, Jean Chalhoub, and Rohit Singhania. "Giardia lamblia Diagnosed Incidentally by Duodenal Biopsy." Journal of Investigative Medicine High Impact Case Reports 9 (January 2021): 232470962110016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23247096211001649.

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Giardia lamblia (also referred to as Giardia intestinalis and Giardia duodenalis) is the most common intestinal parasite in the world, affecting approximately 200 million people annually. Symptoms of Giardia include foul-smelling diarrhea, abdominal cramping, bloating, gas, and nausea. Although usually self-limiting, Giardia can progress to dehydration, malnutrition, and failure to thrive, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Early diagnosis and treatment is imperative to prevent and control infection of Giardia. Infectious Disease Society of America diagnostic guidelines recommend obt

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Walterspiel, Juan N., Ardythe L. Morrow, Larry K. Pickering, Guillermo M. Ruiz-Palacios, and M. Lourdes Guerrero. "Secretory Anti-Giardia lamblia Antibodies in Human Milk: Protective Effect Against Diarrhea." Pediatrics 93, no. 1 (1994): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.93.1.28.

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Objective. To determine whether anti-Giardia lamblia secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies in human milk protect infants from acquisition of or symptoms associated with Giardia infection. Methods. One hundred ninety-seven Mexican mother/infant pairs were followed weekly from birth for diarrheal disease and feeding status. Infant stool specimens were collected weekly and were cultured for bacterial pathogens and tested for Giardia and rotavirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Maternal milk samples were collected weekly for 1 month postpartum and monthly thereafter. To determine the protective e

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Sudre, AP, D. Leles, MF Lima, and TCB Bomfim. "First molecular characterisation of Giardia duodenalis infection in dairy goats in Brazil." Veterinární Medicína 59, No. 6 (2014): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7572-vetmed.

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The aim of this study was to perform the first molecular genotyping of Giardia duodenalis from goats in Brazil, in order to assess the risk for zoonotic transmission. Samples were collected from two dairy goat farms (Saanen breed) located in the city of Niteroi in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Goat faecal samples (n&nbsp;=&nbsp;58) were collected directly from the rectums of all animals up to one year of age and were subjected to centrifuge-flotation in sugar saturate solution. Nested-PCR and sequencing using &beta; -giardin and tpi gene targets was performed on positive sam

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ANTHONY, J. P., L. FYFE, D. STEWART, and G. J. McDOUGALL. "Differential effectiveness of berry polyphenols as anti-giardial agents." Parasitology 138, no. 9 (2011): 1110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011000825.

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SUMMARYFollowing previous work on the anti-giardial effect of blueberry polyphenols, a range of polyphenol-rich extracts from berries and other fruits was screened for their ability to kill Giardia duodenalis, an intestinal parasite of humans. Polyphenol-rich extracts were prepared from berries using solid-phase extraction and applied to trophozoites of Giardia duodenalis grown in vitro. All berry extracts caused inhibition at 166 μg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/ml phenol content but extracts from strawberry, arctic bramble, blackberry and cloudberry were as effective as the currently used dr

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Wu, Sheng, Weida Pan, Xianli Shi та ін. "Immunolocalization of α18- and α12-giardin in Giardia lamblia trophozoites". Parasitology Research 115, № 11 (2016): 4183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5194-z.

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Fernández-Lainez, Cynthia, Ignacio de la Mora-de la Mora, Sergio Enríquez-Flores, et al. "The Giardial Arginine Deiminase Participates in Giardia-Host Immunomodulation in a Structure-Dependent Fashion via Toll-like Receptors." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (2022): 11552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911552.

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Beyond the problem in public health that protist-generated diseases represent, understanding the variety of mechanisms used by these parasites to interact with the human immune system is of biological and medical relevance. Giardia lamblia is an early divergent eukaryotic microorganism showing remarkable pathogenic strategies for evading the immune system of vertebrates. Among various multifunctional proteins in Giardia, arginine deiminase is considered an enzyme that plays multiple regulatory roles during the life cycle of this parasite. One of its most important roles is the crosstalk betwee

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Eckmann, Lars, and Frances D. Gillin. "Microbes and Microbial Toxins: Paradigms for Microbial- Mucosal Interactions I. Pathophysiological aspects of enteric infections with the lumen-dwelling protozoan pathogenGiardia lamblia." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 280, no. 1 (2001): G1—G6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.1.g1.

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Giardia lamblia is one of the most important causes of waterborne diarrheal disease worldwide, and giardiasis is the most common protozoan infection of the human small intestine. Symptomatic infection is characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain, and malabsorption, leading to malnutrition and weight loss, particularly in children. The pathogen resides strictly in the lumen of the small intestine, and infection is typically not accompanied by significant mucosal inflammation. Clinical and experimental studies indicate that B cell-dependent host defenses, particularly IgA, are important for cont

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Suman, MSH, MM Alam, SB Pun, A. Khair, S. Ahmed, and RY Uchida. "PREVALENCE OF GIARDIA LAMBLIA INFECTION IN CHILDREN AND CALVES IN BANGLADESH." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 9, no. 2 (2013): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v9i2.13474.

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Giardia lamblia is highly infectious protozoan parasite capable of causing gastrointestinal illness in both humans and animals. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Giardia lamblia infection in children < 5 years old and calves. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) has been used for the detection of Giardia lamblia. A total of 266 children and 15 calves diarrheic fecal samples were tested for Giardia lamblia during January 2011 to May 2012. The prevalence of Giardia lamblia infection among children was 3.8% while 13.3% in calves. Giardia lamblia was highest in

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Hernandez, Yunuen, Max Shpak, Trevor T. Duarte, et al. "Novel Role of Sphingolipid Synthesis Genes in Regulating Giardial Encystation." Infection and Immunity 76, no. 7 (2008): 2939–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00116-08.

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ABSTRACT Although encystation (cyst formation) is important for the survival of Giardia lamblia outside its human host, the molecular events that prompt encystation have not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that sphingolipids (SLs), which are important for the growth and differentiation of many eukaryotes, play key roles in giardial encystation. Transcriptional analyses showed that only three genes in the SL biosynthesis pathways are expressed and transcribed differentially in nonencysting and encysting Giardia trophozoites. While the putative homologues of giardial serine palmitoyl

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Ali, Syed A., and David R. Hill. "Giardia intestinalis." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 16, no. 5 (2003): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-200310000-00012.

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Ali, Syed A., and David R. Hill. "Giardia intestinalis." Current Opinion in Internal Medicine 2, no. 6 (2003): 560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132980-200302060-00003.

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Ali, Syed A., and David R. Hill. "Giardia intestinalis." Current Opinion in Internal Medicine 2, no. 6 (2003): 560–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132980-200312000-00003.

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Eagle, Kim, and Ann M. Dvorak. "Giardia lamblia." New England Journal of Medicine 328, no. 14 (1993): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199304083281406.

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SHEFF, BARBARA. "Giardia lamblia." Nursing 34, no. 4 (2004): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-200404000-00056.

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Pickering, Larry K., and Paul G. Engelkirk. "Giardia lamblia." Pediatric Clinics of North America 35, no. 3 (1988): 565–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36472-0.

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