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1

Ural, Kerem. "Tekrarlayan ve kronik giardiasisli kedilerde fekal mikrobiyota transplantasyonu: Hedefe yönelik sağaltım." Bozok Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 1 (2025): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.58833/bozokvetsci.1634745.

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Giardiasis hem insanlar hem de hayvanlar için önemli ölçüde sağlık açısından tehlikeli bir sorun teşkil eder. Zoonotik Giardia türlerine ev sahipliği yapma riski bulunan kedi giardiasisi için sınırlı tedavi seçenekleri vardır. Mevcut çalışma, kedilerde tekrarlayan ve kronik giardiasis hastalarına dışkı mikrobiyotası nakli (fmt) ile olası doğal ve tam bir tedavi sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, G. duodenalis dışkı antijenleri (immünokromatografik), dışkı kisti/trofozoitleri (mikroskopik olarak flotasyon yoluyla) ve polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ile gelişmiş tanısal fayda tüm çalışma boyunca m
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2

Kimirilova, Olga Gennadievna, and G. A. Kharchenko. "DIAGNOSIS OF GIARDIOSIS IN CHILDREN: RESULTS OF A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 64, no. 6 (2019): 376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-6-376-379.

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Giardiasis in children remains an urgent problem, the importance of which is determined by the endemicity for many countries and regions, polymorphism of the clinic, which causes difficulties in clinical diagnosis of this pathology. The report presents the results of the diagnostic significance of methods of laboratory diagnostics giardiase: microscopy of native and stained with Lugol solution preparation fecal enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for the presence of antibodies of class IgM and IgG antibodies to the antigens of Giardia in the serum and antigen of G. Lamblia in feces, polymerase c
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3

Hill, David R. "GIARDIASIS." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 7, no. 3 (1993): 503–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5520(20)30540-7.

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4

Seidel, J. "Giardiasis." Pediatrics in Review 14, no. 7 (1993): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.14-7-284.

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5

Desai, Angel N. "Giardiasis." JAMA 325, no. 13 (2021): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.10289.

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6

Burnett, Mark W. "Giardiasis." Journal of Special Operations Medicine 18, no. 1 (2018): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.55460/x429-aks5.

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7

Harun, Haerani, Nurhayana Sennang, and Benny Rusli. "GIARDIASIS." Healthy Tadulako Journal (Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako) 5, no. 3 (2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j25020749.2019.v5.i3.14047.

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Giardiasis merupakan salah satu penyakit gastrointestinal yang banyak menyerang di negara berkembang yang disebabkan oleh parasit Giardia lamblia. Penyakit ini umumnya menyerang orang orang yang berkemah dan minum air dari sungai yang terkontaminasi. Infeksi ini juga menyerang anak-anak yang rentan terhadap penularan parasit ini. Penelitian Simadibrata pada tahun 2004 menunjukkan prevalensi Giardiasis di Indonesia sebesar 3.62%, sedangkan dari anak-anak yang menderita diare di Malang 1.2% diantaranya disebabkan oleh Giardiasis. Artikel ini bertujuan memberi gambaran tentang penyakit Giardiasis
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8

Jones, Jerry E. "Giardiasis." Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 18, no. 1 (1991): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4543(21)00915-5.

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9

Seidel, James. "Giardiasis." Pediatrics In Review 14, no. 7 (1993): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.14.7.284.

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Giardiasis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia, also called Giardia intestinalis in Europe. Epidemiology Giardia infections are ubiquitous, and outbreaks occur in developed and underdeveloped nations throughout the world. Infection results from ingestion of cysts, usually contained in water or food, on hands, or on fomites contaminated with feces. The parasite is found in about 4% of stool specimens submitted to laboratories in the United States and is the most common parasite isolated. The exact prevalence of the infection in the United States is not known becau
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10

BENEKLİ, Mustafa, Bülent SİVRİ, Cenk SÖKMENSÜER, and Arzu SUNGUR. "Giardiasis." Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 26, no. 2 (1996): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55730/1300-0144.5257.

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11

Backer, Howard D. "Giardiasis." Physician and Sportsmedicine 28, no. 7 (2000): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/psm.2000.07.1079.

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12

Holtan, Neal R. "Giardiasis." Postgraduate Medicine 83, no. 5 (1988): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1988.11700219.

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13

Wolfe, M. S. "Giardiasis." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 5, no. 1 (1992): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.5.1.93.

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Giardiasis is one of the most common pathogenic intestinal protozoal infections worldwide. Giardia lamblia is the most frequently identified etiologic agent in outbreaks associated with the ingestion of surface water, often due to ineffective filtration or pretreatment. In addition to humans, other sources of infection include beavers, perhaps muskrats, and possibly domestic animals. A low infecting dose (10 to 25 cysts) is reported to be sufficient to produce human infection. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to a transient or persistent acute stage, with steatorrhea, intermitte
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14

Wolfe, M. S. "Giardiasis." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 5, no. 1 (1992): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.5.1.93-100.1992.

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15

Loken, Sally. "Giardiasis." Nurse Practitioner 11, no. 12 (1986): 20???36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006205-198612000-00006.

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16

DUPONT, HERBERT L., and PEGGY S. SULLIVAN. "Giardiasis." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 5, Supplement (1986): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198601001-00021.

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17

Fogle, B. "Giardiasis." Veterinary Record 134, no. 16 (1994): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.134.16.428-c.

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18

Babb, Richard R. "Giardiasis." Postgraduate Medicine 98, no. 2 (1995): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1995.11946034.

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19

Heresi, Gloria P., James R. Murphy, and Thomas G. Cleary. "Giardiasis." Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases 11, no. 3 (2000): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/pi.2000.6230.

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20

Farthing, Michael J. G. "GIARDIASIS." Gastroenterology Clinics of North America 25, no. 3 (1996): 493–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70260-0.

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21

Lebwohl, Benjamin, Richard J. Deckelbaum, and Peter H. R. Green. "Giardiasis." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 57, no. 7 (2003): 906–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(03)70028-5.

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22

Tessier, Julie L., and Gregory A. L. Davies. "Giardiasis." Primary Care Update for OB/GYNS 6, no. 1 (1999): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1068-607x(98)00175-9.

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23

Wright, S. G. "Giardiasis." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 86, no. 5 (1992): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(92)90127-x.

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24

Kirkpatrick, Carle E. "Giardiasis." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 17, no. 6 (1987): 1377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(87)50007-9.

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25

&NA;. "Giardiasis." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 32 (November 2013): J—1—J—7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000437866.88454.a8.

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26

ZELASNEY, BONNIE S. "Giardiasis." Gastroenterology Nursing 14, no. 6 (1992): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001610-199206000-00009.

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27

Breek, TO, A. Knuistingh Neven, and JAH Eekhof. "Giardiasis." Huisarts en Wetenschap 48, no. 7 (2005): 548–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03084342.

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28

Schnell, Kerry, Sarah Collier, Gordana Derado, Jonathan Yoder, and Julia Warner Gargano. "Giardiasis in the United States – an epidemiologic and geospatial analysis of county-level drinking water and sanitation data, 1993–2010." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 2 (2015): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2015.283.

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Giardiasis is the most commonly reported intestinal parasitic infection in the United States. Outbreak investigations have implicated poorly maintained private wells, and hypothesized a role for wastewater systems in giardiasis transmission. Surveillance data consistently show geographic variability in reported giardiasis incidence. We explored county-level associations between giardiasis cases, household water and sanitation (1990 census), and US Census division. Using 368,847 reported giardiasis cases (1993–2010), we mapped county-level giardiasis incidence rates, private well reliance, and
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29

Ibatova, Sh.M., F.Kh. Mamatkulova, and D.Kh. Mamatkulova. "Giardiasis in Children." International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research Studies 02, no. 03 (2022): 251–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6407853.

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Giardiasis is a widespread invasion by protozoa, mainly affecting children, especially young children. We have studied patients with latent, subclinical and clinical forms of giardiasis. Timely diagnosis and targeted treatment can prevent severe forms of giardiasis. We have divided the latent, subclinical and clinical forms of giardiasis. In subclinical and clinical forms of giardiasis, pain in the abdomen, a syndrome of intestinal and gastric dyspepsia were observed. With giardiasis, children are prescribed dietary and drug therapy.
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30

Roshidi, Norhamizah, Nur Hassanah Mohd Hassan, Asma Abdul Hadi, and Norsyahida Arifin. "Current state of infection and prevalence of giardiasis in Malaysia: a review of 20 years of research." PeerJ 9 (November 11, 2021): e12483. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12483.

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Background Giardiasis is a neglected parasitic zoonotic disease caused by Giardia duodenalis that is often overlooked despite the damage inflicted upon humans and domestic/wild animals. Lack of surveillance studies, low sensitivity of diagnostic tools, and resistance to giardiasis treatment add to the challenge in managing giardiasis, leaving a gap that continues to render giardiasis a silent threat to public health worldwide. This situation is not much different in Malaysia, where giardiasis remains a public health problem, especially in the indigenous communities. Realizing the existence of
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31

Setness, Peter A., and Donna Hoel. "Avoiding giardiasis." Postgraduate Medicine 109, no. 6 (2001): 129–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2001.06.966.

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32

Amin, Navin M., Glen C. Griffin, Neal R. Holtan, and James K. Patrick. "Avoiding Giardiasis." Postgraduate Medicine 83, no. 5 (1988): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1988.11700247.

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33

Doglioni, C., M. De Boni, R. Cielo, et al. "Gastric giardiasis." Journal of Clinical Pathology 45, no. 11 (1992): 964–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.45.11.964.

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34

Oberhuber, Georg, Manfred Stolte, Birgit Bethke, Maximiliane Ritter, and Harro Eidt. "Gastric giardiasis." European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 5, no. 5 (1993): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042737-199305000-00010.

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35

Karabiber, Nihal, and Firdevs Aktaş. "Foodborne giardiasis." Lancet 337, no. 8737 (1991): 376–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)91022-m.

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36

PAINTER, J. E., S. A. COLLIER, and J. W. GARGANO. "Association between Giardia and arthritis or joint pain in a large health insurance cohort: could it be reactive arthritis?" Epidemiology and Infection 145, no. 3 (2016): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268816002120.

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SUMMARYThis study aimed to assess the association between giardiasis and subsequent development of arthritis or joint pain using a retrospective cohort of individuals from a large administrative claims database in the United States. Using 2006–2010 data from MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters, we conducted a retrospective cohort study in people with an ICD-9-CM code for giardiasis (n = 3301) and persons without giardiasis (n = 14 612) individually matched on age, sex, and enrolment length. We used conditional logistic regression to model the association between giardiasis and arthriti
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37

Nengsih, Dwi Septia, Sigit Ari Saputro, and Khuliyah Candraning Diyanah. "PREVALENSI GIARDIASIS DAN KONDISI HYGIENE PERORANGAN PADA MURID PAUD DI KB-TK AL AMIN PACIRAN LAMONGAN." JURNAL EKOLOGI KESEHATAN 19, no. 2 (2020): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/jek.v19i2.2893.

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ABSTRACT
 Small intestine infection caused by Giardia lamblia (giardiasis) occurs mostly in children living in developing country with poor sanitation. This study aims to determine the risk of giardiasis and personal hygiene conditions in pre-school students at KB-TK Al Amin Paciran Lamongan aged 2-6 years. Number of samples were 61 students, the dependent variable was the incidence of giardiasis, and independent variable was personal hygiene including nail hygiene, hand washing habit, footwear habit, and defecating habits. The result showed that 5 out of 61 students (8,2%) were infected
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38

Hakim, Gözde Derviş, Şafak Kızıltaş, Hilmi Çiftçi, Şafak Göktaş, and İlyas Tuncer. "The Prevalence of Giardia Intestinalis in Dyspeptic and Diabetic Patients." ISRN Gastroenterology 2011 (July 27, 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/580793.

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Background and Aims. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Giardiasis in patients with dyspepsia and patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods. 400 patients and 100 healthy persons were included in this clinical prospective study. The number of patients in each group was equal, 200 dyspeptic and 200 diabetic, respectively. The antigen of G. lntestinalis was determined in the stool specimens by ELISA method. Results. The frequency of Giardiasis was 7% in dyspeptic and 15% in diabetic patients. There was no positive results in any of the healthy persons. There was a significant difference in
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39

Mayes, Jade. "The role of nurse-led clinics in the fight against Giardia." Veterinary Nursing Journal 40, no. 2 (2025): 6–13. https://doi.org/10.56496/vtws3569.

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Giardia is a genus of zoonotic protozoan parasites found primarily in dogs, cats, lagomorphs and rodents. The prevalence in dogs is around 15–30%, with signs of infection including diarrhoea, vomiting and weight loss, although many cases show no clinical signs. This article discusses the clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of Giardia infection (giardiasis), as well as the environmental factors involved in reinfection. It also highlights the veterinary nurse's (VN's) role in educating clients on this topic, particularly in relation to hygiene and treatment compliance. Giardia's life cycle b
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40

Tejan, Nidhi, Tasneem Siddiqui, Pooja Singh, Uday C. Ghoshal, and Ujjala Ghoshal. "Trends and clinico-epidemiological profile of patients with Giardiasis: Five-year experience from a university hospital of northern India." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 12, no. 10 (2023): 2451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2337_22.

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Background: Giardiasis is an important cause of diarrheal disease and is associated with morbidity in children and adults worldwide. We aimed to study the prevalence of Giardiasis, its clinical presentations, seasonal trends in detection, and coinfection with other intestinal parasites along with comparison of fecal antigen and microscopy for the detection of Giardiasis. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study conducted from Jan. 2017 to Dec. 2021 at our university hospital. Iodine and normal saline mounts and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used for the detection of
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41

LAL, A., and S. HALES. "Heterogeneity in hotspots: spatio-temporal patterns in neglected parasitic diseases." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 3 (2014): 631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814001101.

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SUMMARYCryptosporidiosis and giardiasis have been recognized by the WHO as ‘Neglected Diseases’. Minimal attention has been paid to the spatial and temporal distribution of disease incidence patterns. Using disease notification data, we detected spatio-temporal clusters of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis across three time periods: (i) 1997–2000, (ii) 2001–2004, (iii) 2005–2008. There was substantial variation in the geographical location and timing of recurrent cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis clusters. Statistically significant (P < 0·05) giardiasis clusters tended to occur in predominant
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42

Robertson, L. J. "Severe giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in Scotland, UK." Epidemiology and Infection 117, no. 3 (1996): 551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800059240.

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SummaryHospital discharge data from 1990–4 for 26 hospitals were used to estimate and compare the cost and describe the epidemiology of severe giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in Scotland, UK. The incidence of severe cryptosporidiosis was almost double that of severe giardiasis and the median duration of hospitalization was longer for cryptosporidiosis than giardiasis. Impaired immunity was frequently listed as co-diagnosis with cryptosporidiosis and associated with extended hospitalization. Although both infections were associated with infants, the median age was lower for cryptosporidiosis (
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43

Majeed, Hadeel A. "Study the Relation between the Incidence of Giardiasis and Some Epidemiological Factors in Some Regions of Baghdad City." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 29, no. 3 (2019): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v29i3.620.

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In this work, the incidence of giardiasis was investigated in some regions of Baghdad. Different factors were studied such as age, gender, personal hygiene and eating habits, in order to find its correlation with the prevalence of giardiasis. The study was carried out during the period of April 2014 till March 2015. During this period a total of 375 samples have been examined. The total rate of infection was 68/375 (18.13%. The most frequent noticed clinical symptoms in giardiasis cases are abdominal pain 60.97%, diarrhea 41.46% and fever 35%. For the studied factors, each of the age, personal
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44

Ola, Abdul Shaheed Naser, Adel Ismail Mona, Dhaidan Shnain Al-Abbas Wijdan, and A. Al-Fahham Ali. "Giardiasis: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis And Treatment." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH & MEDICAL RESEARCH 03, no. 06 (2024): 429–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14551336.

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Giardiasis has become a worldwide health problem and it is the most frequent cause of diarrhea in both pediatric and adults’ patients. Ingestion of cysts directly or indirectly via the fecal-oral route is the main mode of transmission. The laboratory diagnosis of Giardia spp. primarily relies on identifying microscopic cysts or trophozoites in stool samples. Additionally, various immunological assays and molecular methods are available for diagnosing giardiasis. The infection stimulates the immune system, leading to increased production of immunoglobulins and cytokines. Generally, metron
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45

Gordat, Katarzyna, Wioleta Kitowska, and Małgorzata Sadkowska-Todys. "Giardioza (Lamblioza) w Polsce w 2021 roku." Przeglad Epidemiologiczny 77, no. 4 (2024): 520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32394/pe.77.42.

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INTRODUCTION. Giardiosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoa Giardia lamblia (also known as Giardia intestinalis and Giardia duodenalis), which causes gastrointestinal symptoms. Infection usually occurs through the ingestion of contaminated water/food or through contact with an infected person. In Poland, giardiasis is notifiable disease, acoording to the EU deffinition implement in the polish surveillance system. AIM OF THE STUDY. The aim of this study is to asses epidemiological situation of giardiasis in Poland in 2021 and compare it to the previous years. MATERIALS AND METHODS. T
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46

Makhmudov, I.S., U.A. Aliyeva, S.Y. Mustafaeva, and H.B. Majidova. "FEATURES OF GIARDIASIS ACCOMPANIED BY ALLERGIC SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN." Deutsche internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft 69 (December 5, 2023): 20–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10264680.

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According to official WHO statistics, giardiasis ranks third in the structure of childhood parasitic diseases. Constant parasitism of the Giardia pathogen in the small and large intestines leads to disruption of the functional state of the intestinal mucosa and the progression of a nonspecific clinical picture of the disease. On the other hand, with giardiasis, the occurrence of an inadequate immune response to microorganisms leads to skin itching, allergic reactions of various forms and localization on the skin of the face and body. In most cases, the clinical signs of giardiasis in children
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47

Leung, Alexander K. C., Amy A. M. Leung, Alex H. C. Wong, Consolato M. Sergi, and Joseph K. M. Kam. "Giardiasis: An Overview." Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery 13, no. 2 (2019): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872213x13666190618124901.

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Background: Giardiasis is an important cause of waterborne and foodborne diarrhea, daycare center outbreaks, and traveler's diarrhea. Objective: The study aimed to provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of giardiasis. Methods: A PubMed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key terms “giardiasis”, "Giardia lamblia", "Giardia duodenalis" and "Giardia intestinalis". The search strategy included metaanalyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews. The search was restricted to the English literature. Patents were search
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48

Abdul-Hussien, Al-jebory K. "Effect of giardia on some biochemical variables in human blood serum." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 1 (2005): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v2i1.418.

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The alteration in serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphotase (ALP) and total protein during giardiasis were studied.This study has been performed on 53 patients with giardiasis; the control consists of 22 children without giardiasis. The results of each group of patients were compared with the same age of the control, the results indicated that the level of serum GOT, GPT and ALP was significantly higher than that of control for each age , while the level of protein was significantly lower than that for control for each age group.Th
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49

Roshidi, Norhamizah, and Norsyahida Arifin. "Disease Biomarkers of Giardiasis." Journal of Parasitology Research 2022 (August 26, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1932518.

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Giardiasis is a common, treatable intestinal disease that adversely affects underprivileged communities living in unsanitary conditions. Giardiasis causes a wide spectrum of gastrointestinal diseases in those infected, ranging from subclinical disease that can manifest as irritable bowel syndrome with persistent abdominal symptoms. Importantly, giardiasis has been identified as a predictor of malnutrition among young children in rural areas and as a cause of waterborne mass epidemics endangering not only humans but also animals in a broad clinical, social, and economic spectrum. While the diag
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50

Díaz-Alberola, Irene, Juan Francisco Gutiérrez-Bautista, Andrea Espuch-Oliver, et al. "Incidence, Management Experience and Characteristics of Patients with Giardiasis and Common Variable Immunodeficiency." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 23 (2022): 7007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237007.

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Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is an antibody immunodeficiency with a wide variety of clinical and immunological manifestations, and whose genetic cause is found in about 25% of diagnosed cases. Giardia lamblia is one of the main causes of gastrointestinal infections in CVID. 5-Nitroimidazoles are the most used first-line treatment, but nitroimidazole-refractory giardiasis is increasing. Nevertheless, only a few cases of refractory giardiasis in CVID have been reported. This study aimed to determine the incidence of Giardia infection in our CVID cohort, shows our management experience
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