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Journal articles on the topic 'Gibberellins Metabolism'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Hedden, Peter. "The Current Status of Research on Gibberellin Biosynthesis." Plant and Cell Physiology 61, no. 11 (July 11, 2020): 1832–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaa092.

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Abstract Gibberellins are produced by all vascular plants and several fungal and bacterial species that associate with plants as pathogens or symbionts. In the 60 years since the first experiments on the biosynthesis of gibberellic acid in the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi, research on gibberellin biosynthesis has advanced to provide detailed information on the pathways, biosynthetic enzymes and their genes in all three kingdoms, in which the production of the hormones evolved independently. Gibberellins function as hormones in plants, affecting growth and differentiation in organs in which their

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2

Zhang, L., S. Rajapakse, R. E. Ballard, and N. C. Rajapakse. "Light Quality Regulation of Gene Expression in Chrysanthemum." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 446c—446. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.446c.

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A major part of Clemson light quality research program focuses on understanding the mechanisms of plant growth alteration under spectral filters. We have extended this research to understand the molecular basis for plant height control by spectral filters. From the whole plant research we have found that gibberellins (GA) play a key role in height control under spectral filters. However, it is not clear whether an alteration of endogenous gibberellin levels or a change in sensitivity to gibberellins is causing the observed effects. Since gibberellins are a key hormone in cell expansion and flo

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3

Han, Jennifer, Jan E. Murray, Qingyi Yu, Paul H. Moore, and Ray Ming. "The Effects of Gibberellic Acid on Sex Expression and Secondary Sexual Characteristics in Papaya." HortScience 49, no. 3 (March 2014): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.3.378.

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The vegetative forms of male (XY), female (XX), and hermaphrodite (XYh) papaya (Carica papaya L.) plants are phenotypically identical. However, the flower and inflorescence morphology of each sex type is unique. Gynodioecious varieties SunUp, SunUp Diminutive mutant, and dioecious AU9 were used to test the response of papaya to gibberellic acid (GA3). Exogenous applications of GA3 on female and hermaphrodite flowers of papaya did not yield any sex reversal phenotype but caused a significant increase in peduncle elongation and inflorescence branch number in all treated plants. An increase in fl

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4

Valkai, Ildikó, Erzsébet Kénesi, Ildikó Domonkos, Ferhan Ayaydin, Danuše Tarkowská, Miroslav Strnad, Anikó Faragó, László Bodai, and Attila Fehér. "The Arabidopsis RLCK VI_A2 Kinase Controls Seedling and Plant Growth in Parallel with Gibberellin." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (October 1, 2020): 7266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197266.

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The plant-specific receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) form a large, poorly characterized family. Members of the RLCK VI_A class of dicots have a unique characteristic: their activity is regulated by Rho-of-plants (ROP) GTPases. The biological function of one of these kinases was investigated using a T-DNA insertion mutant and RNA interference. Loss of RLCK VI_A2 function resulted in restricted cell expansion and seedling growth. Although these phenotypes could be rescued by exogenous gibberellin, the mutant did not exhibit lower levels of active gibberellins nor decreased gibberellin se

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5

Zhao, Xiao-Ying, Xu-Hong Yu, Xuan-Ming Liu, and Chen-Tao Lin. "Light Regulation of Gibberellins Metabolism in Seedling Development." Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 49, no. 1 (January 2007): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00407.x.

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6

Rodríguez-Ortiz, Roberto, M. Carmen Limón, and Javier Avalos. "Regulation of Carotenogenesis and Secondary Metabolism by Nitrogen in Wild-Type Fusarium fujikuroi and Carotenoid-Overproducing Mutants." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 2 (December 1, 2008): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01089-08.

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ABSTRACT The fungus Fusarium fujikuroi (Gibberella fujikuroi MP-C) produces metabolites of biotechnological interest, such as gibberellins, bikaverins, and carotenoids. Gibberellin and bikaverin productions are induced upon nitrogen exhaustion, while carotenoid accumulation is stimulated by light. We evaluated the effect of nitrogen availability on carotenogenesis in comparison with bikaverin and gibberellin production in the wild type and in carotenoid-overproducing mutants (carS). Nitrogen starvation increased carotenoid accumulation in all strains tested. In carS strains, gibberellin and bi

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7

Yang, Y. Y., I. Yamaguchi, and N. Murofushi. "Metabolism and Translocation of Gibberellins in the Seedlings of Pharbitis nil (II). Photoperiodic Effects on Metabolism and Translocation of Gibberellins Applied to Cotyledons." Plant and Cell Physiology 37, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a028915.

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8

Sun, Hao, Huiting Cui, Jiaju Zhang, Junmei Kang, Zhen Wang, Mingna Li, Fengyan Yi, Qingchuan Yang, and Ruicai Long. "Gibberellins Inhibit Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Promote Nitrogen Metabolism in Medicago truncatula." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 9291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179291.

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Bioactive gibberellic acids (GAs) are diterpenoid plant hormones that are biosynthesized through complex pathways and control various aspects of growth and development. Although GA biosynthesis has been intensively studied, the downstream metabolic pathways regulated by GAs have remained largely unexplored. We investigated Tnt1 retrotransposon insertion mutant lines of Medicago truncatula with a dwarf phenotype by forward and reverse genetics screening and phylogenetic, molecular, biochemical, proteomic and metabolomic analyses. Three Tnt1 retrotransposon insertion mutant lines of the gibberel

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9

Maki, Sonja L., Mark L. Brenner, Paul R. Birnberg, Peter J. Davies, and Thomas P. Krick. "Identification of Pea Gibberellins by Studying [14C]GA12-Aldehyde Metabolism." Plant Physiology 81, no. 4 (August 1, 1986): 984–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.81.4.984.

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10

Heupel, Rick C., Bernard O. Phinney, Clive R. Spray, Paul Gaskin, Jake MacMillan, Peter Hedden, and Jan E. Graebe. "Native gibberellins and the metabolism of [14C]gibberellin A53 and of [17-13C, 17-3H2]gibberellin A20 in tassels of Zea mays." Phytochemistry 24, no. 1 (January 1985): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)80805-5.

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11

Barrero, Alejandro F., J. Enrique Oltra, Eduardo Cabrera, Fernando Reyes, and Mı́riam Álvarez. "Metabolism of gibberellins and ent-kaurenoids in mutants of Gibberella fujikuroi." Phytochemistry 50, no. 7 (April 1999): 1133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(98)00699-2.

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12

Zi, Jiachen, Sibongile Mafu, and Reuben J. Peters. "To Gibberellins and Beyond! Surveying the Evolution of (Di)Terpenoid Metabolism." Annual Review of Plant Biology 65, no. 1 (April 29, 2014): 259–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-050213-035705.

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13

Tatineni, Anuradha, Nihal C. Rajapakse, R. Thomas Fernandez, and James R. Rieck. "Effectiveness of Plant Growth Regulators under Photoselective Greenhouse Covers." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 125, no. 6 (November 2000): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.125.6.673.

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Responses to selected chemical growth retardants (daminozide, paclobutrazol, and prohexadione-Ca) and GA1 and GA3 under photoselective greenhouse covers with various phytochrome photoequilibrium estimates (φe) were evaluated using `Bright Golden Anne' chrysanthemum [Dendranthema ×grandiflora Kitam. (syn. Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)] as the model plant to better understand the height control mechanism by far red (FR) light depleted environments. Plant height linearly decreased as φe increased from 0.72 to 0.83. The rate of height decrease of daminozide treated plants was less than that of

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Beall, Frederick D., Edward C. Yeung, and Richard P. Pharis. "Far-red light stimulates internode elongation, cell division, cell elongation, and gibberellin levels in bean." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 743–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-093.

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The contributions of cell division and cell elongation and the potential role of gibberellins in the far-red light stimulation of bean internode elongation were investigated. When bean plants, Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Kentucky Wonder, were grown in white light supplemented with far-red light a significant increase, up to threefold, in internode elongation was observed. Microscopic examination revealed that cell lengths were also increased but by a lower magnitude than internode length. Cell-labeling studies with [3H]thymidine showed that nuclei labeling was increased in internodes receiving supp

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15

Kosakivska, I. V. "GIBBERELLINS IN REGULATION OF PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT UNDER ABIOTIC STRESSES." Biotechnologia Acta 14, no. 2 (February 2021): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech14.02.005.

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Background. Gibberellins (GAs), a class of diterpenoid phytohormones, play an important role in regulation of plant growth and development. Among more than 130 different gibberellin molecules, only a few are bioactive. GA1, GA3, GA4, and GA7 regulate plant growth through promotion the degradation of the DELLA proteins, a family of nuclear growth repressors – negative regulator of GAs signaling. Recent studies on GAs biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, and signaling, as well as crosstalk with other phytohormones and environment have achieved great progress thanks to molecular genetics and func

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16

Kusnetsov, V. V., A. S. Doroshenko, N. V. Kudryakova, and M. N. Danilova. "Role of Phytohormones and Light in De-etiolation." Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 67, no. 6 (October 18, 2020): 971–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1021443720060102.

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Abstract De-etiolation or transition from etiolated growth (skotomorphogenesis) to photomorphogenesis is one of the most intriguing and intricate stages of plant ontogenesis. It comprises reprogramming of plant cell metabolism, reorganizing the operation of the hormonal system, and altering plant morphology. Dark growth in the soil mainly depends on phytohormones with gibberellins and brassinosteroids playing the leading role; on the soil surface, light as a major exogenous agent starts operating. It inhibits activity of the main repressor of photomorphogenesis (COP1) and regulators of transcr

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17

Van Den Berg, Jan H., Peter J. Davies, Elmer E. Ewing, and Anna Halinska. "Metabolism of Gibberellin A12 and A12-Aldehyde and the Identification of Endogenous Gibberellins in Potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. Andigena) Shoots." Journal of Plant Physiology 146, no. 4 (July 1995): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(11)82009-2.

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18

Michniewicz, M., B. Rożej, and J. Stopińska. "The influence of nitrogen nutrition on the dynamics of growth and metabolism of endogenous growth regulators in Scotch pine (Pinus silvestris L.) seedlings." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 45, no. 4 (2015): 495–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1976.044.

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Pine seedlings were cultivated in sterile agar cultures containing nitrogen as NH4Cl. The most pronounced positive effect on the growth of seedlings was affected by N used at a concentration of 50 ppm. After 4 months was stated that nitrogen had only a slight effect on elongation, of .shoots but decreased the length of roots. Nitrogen increased the lenght and number of primary and secondary needles as well as the fresh and dry matter of sboots. It stimulated also the number of lateral roots and the fresh and dry matter of the root system. Stimulation of shoot growth and differentiation as a re

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19

Gulden, Robert H., Sheila Chiwocha, Suzanne Abrams, Ian McGregor, Allison Kermode, and Steven Shirtliffe. "Response to abscisic acid application and hormone profiles in spring Brassica napus seed in relation to secondary dormancy." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 11 (November 1, 2004): 1618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-119.

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The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) has been implicated in the inception and maintenance of seed dormancy, while gibberellins promote dormancy breakage and germination in some species. We investigated whether osmotic stress induced secondary dormancy in Brassica napus L. is associated with changes in ABA sensitivity and metabolism, as well as changes in gibberellin levels. Seeds of two genotypes, one with low dormancy potential (LDP) and one with high dormancy potential (HDP) for secondary dormancy, were exposed to a dormancy-inducing osmotic treatment for up to 4 weeks and then germinated i

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20

Teichert, Sabine, Julian C. Rutherford, Marieke Wottawa, Joseph Heitman, and Bettina Tudzynski. "Impact of Ammonium Permeases MepA, MepB, and MepC on Nitrogen-Regulated Secondary Metabolism in Fusarium fujikuroi." Eukaryotic Cell 7, no. 2 (February 2008): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00351-07.

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ABSTRACT In Fusarium fujikuroi, the production of gibberellins and bikaverin is repressed by nitrogen sources such as glutamine or ammonium. Sensing and uptake of ammonium by specific permeases play key roles in nitrogen metabolism. Here, we describe the cloning of three ammonium permease genes, mepA, mepB, and mepC, and their participation in ammonium uptake and signal transduction in F. fujikuroi. The expression of all three genes is strictly regulated by the nitrogen regulator AreA. Severe growth defects of ΔmepB mutants on low-ammonium medium and methylamine uptake studies suggest that Mep

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21

Wiseman, Nadine J., and Colin G. N. Turnbull. "Endogenous gibberellin content does not correlate with photoperiod-induced growth changes in strawberry petioles." Functional Plant Biology 26, no. 4 (1999): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp98002.

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We have examined whether gibberellins (GAs) mediate photoperiodic growth responses in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) by measuring GA content and GA metabolism in petioles with accurately defined growth rates. Gibberellin A1 , GA8 , GA19 , GA20 , GA29 , GA34 , and tentatively GA17 , were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and GA4 was detected by selected ion monitoring. Although petiole growth rates were reduced within 2 d of a long-day to short-day transfer, we found no consistent changes in GA content until 8 d, when GA1 , GA8 , GA29 and GA34 were reduced by about two-fold

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Gaion, Lucas Aparecido, Jean Carlos Muniz, Rafael Ferreira Barreto, Victor D’Amico-Damião, Renato de Mello Prado, and Rogério Falleiros Carvalho. "Amplification of gibberellins response in tomato modulates calcium metabolism and blossom end rot occurrence." Scientia Horticulturae 246 (February 2019): 498–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.11.032.

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23

Jacobs, William P., Frederick D. Beall, and Richard P. Pharis. "The transport and metabolism of gibberellins A1and A5in excised segments from internodes ofPhaseolus coccineus." Physiologia Plantarum 72, no. 3 (March 1988): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1988.tb09161.x.

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Gao, Shaopei, and Chengcai Chu. "Gibberellin Metabolism and Signaling: Targets for Improving Agronomic Performance of Crops." Plant and Cell Physiology 61, no. 11 (August 6, 2020): 1902–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaa104.

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Abstract Gibberellins (GAs) are a class of tetracyclic diterpenoid phytohormones that regulate many aspects of plant development, including seed germination, stem elongation, leaf expansion, pollen maturation, and the development of flowers, fruits and seeds. During the past decades, the primary objective of crop breeding programs has been to increase productivity or yields. ‘Green Revolution’ genes that can produce semidwarf, high-yielding crops were identified as GA synthesis or response genes, confirming the value of research on GAs in improving crop productivity. The manipulation of GA sta

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Wang, Hongfeng, Hongjiao Jiang, Yiteng Xu, Yan Wang, Lin Zhu, Xiaolin Yu, Fanjiang Kong, Chuanen Zhou, and Lu Han. "Systematic Analysis of Gibberellin Pathway Components in Medicago truncatula Reveals the Potential Application of Gibberellin in Biomass Improvement." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 7180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197180.

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Gibberellins (GAs), a class of phytohormones, act as an essential natural regulator of plant growth and development. Many studies have shown that GA is related to rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis in legume species. However, thus far, GA metabolism and signaling components are largely unknown in the model legume Medicago truncatula. In this study, a genome-wide analysis of GA metabolism and signaling genes was carried out. In total 29 components, including 8 MtGA20ox genes, 2 MtGA3ox genes, 13 MtGA2ox genes, 3 MtGID1 genes, and 3 MtDELLA genes were identified in M. truncatula genome

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Yang, Young-Yell, Isomaro Yamaguchi, Kiyotoshi Takeno-Wada, Yoshihito Suzuki, and Noboru Murofushi. "Metabolism and Translocation of Gibberellins in Seedlings of Pharbitis nil. (I) Effect of Photoperiod on Stem Elongation and Endogenous Gibberellins in Cotyledons and Their Phloem Exudates." Plant and Cell Physiology 36, no. 2 (March 1995): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078753.

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27

Ridoutt, B. G., and R. P. Pharis. "Metabolism of deuterium- and tritium-labeled gibberellins in cambial region tissues of Eucalyptus globulus stems." Tree Physiology 18, no. 10 (October 1, 1998): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/18.10.659.

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Huanpu, Ma, Patrick S. Blake, Gordon Browning, and June M. Taylor. "Metabolism of gibberellins A 1 and A 3 in fruits and shoots of Prunus avium." Phytochemistry 56, no. 1 (January 2001): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)00354-x.

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Malcolm, Joan M., Alan Crozier, Colin G. N. Turnbull, and Einar Jensen. "Metabolism of C19- and C20-gibberellins by cell-free preparations from immature Phaseolus coccineus seed." Physiologia Plantarum 82, no. 1 (May 1991): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1991.820108.x.

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Malcolm, Joan M., Alan Crozier, Colin G. N. Turnbull, and Einar Jensen. "Metabolism of C19- and C20-gibberellins by cell-free preparations from immature Phaseolus coccineus seed." Physiologia Plantarum 82, no. 1 (May 1991): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb02902.x.

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Maki, Sonja L., Sriyani Rajapakse, Robert E. Ballard, and Nihal C. Rajapakse. "Role of Gibberellins in Chrysanthemum Growth under Far Red Light-deficient Greenhouse Environments." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, no. 4 (July 2002): 639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.4.639.

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Plants grown in far red (FR) light deficient environments are typically shorter because of short internodes, resembling plants treated with GA biosynthesis inhibitors. The role of GAs in the reduction of stem elongation of `Bright Golden Anne' chrysanthemum [Dendranthem ×grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitam. (syn. Chrysanthemum ×morifolium Ramat.)] grown in FR light deficient (-FR) environment was investigated by following the response of chrysanthemums grown in - FR environment to exogenous application of GA1, GA19, or GA20, and the metabolism of GA12 and GA19 in -FR or +FR environment. FR light defici

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Lin, Yuanxiu, Chunyan Wang, Xiao Wang, Maolan Yue, Yunting Zhang, Qing Chen, Mengyao Li, et al. "Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals genes and pathways associated with anthocyanins in strawberry." Journal of Berry Research 11, no. 2 (June 14, 2021): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jbr-200685.

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BACKGROUND: Anthocyanins are not only one of the most important antioxidants in plants but also responsible for the coloration in strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa), it is suggested to be associated with ascorbic acid (AsA), sugars and plant hormones metabolism. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the molecular differences of genes and pathways in the presence and absence of anthocyanins. METHODS: RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of red-fleshed strawberry ‘Benihoppe’ and its white-fleshed mutant ‘Xiaobai’ was performed. RESULTS: A total of 1,156 and 1,378 transcripts were differentially expressed (DE) in two cultivars

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Oden, P. C., Q. Wang, K. A. Hogberg, and M. Werner. "Transport and metabolism of gibberellins in relation to flower bud differentiation in Norway spruce (Picea abies)." Tree Physiology 15, no. 7-8 (July 1, 1995): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/15.7-8.451.

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Mino, Masanobu, Mariko Oka, Yasushi Tasaka, and Masaki Iwabuchi. "Molecular Biology of the Metabolism and Signal Transduction of Gibberellins, and Possible Applications to Crop Improvement." Journal of Crop Improvement 18, no. 1-2 (October 17, 2006): 365–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j411v18n01_04.

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Hedden, Peter, and Stephen G. Thomas. "Gibberellin biosynthesis and its regulation." Biochemical Journal 444, no. 1 (April 26, 2012): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20120245.

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The GAs (gibberellins) comprise a large group of diterpenoid carboxylic acids that are ubiquitous in higher plants, in which certain members function as endogenous growth regulators, promoting organ expansion and developmental changes. These compounds are also produced by some species of lower plants, fungi and bacteria, although, in contrast to higher plants, the function of GAs in these organisms has only recently been investigated and is still unclear. In higher plants, GAs are synthesized by the action of terpene cyclases, cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxyg

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Ribeiro, Dimas M., Wagner L. Araújo, Alisdair R. Fernie, Jos H. M. Schippers, and Bernd Mueller-Roeber. "Action of Gibberellins on Growth and Metabolism of Arabidopsis Plants Associated with High Concentration of Carbon Dioxide." Plant Physiology 160, no. 4 (October 22, 2012): 1781–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.204842.

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Sponsel, V. M. "Gibberellins in dark- and red-light-grown shoots of dwarf and tall cultivars of Pisum sativum: The quantification, metabolism and biological activity of gibberellins in Progress no. 9 and Alaska." Planta 168, no. 1 (May 1986): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00407018.

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Yang, Xiaohua, Susan K. Brown, and Peter J. Davies. "The Content and In Vivo Metabolism of Gibberellin in Apple Vegetative Tissues." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 138, no. 3 (May 2013): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.138.3.173.

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Despite the demonstrated importance of gibberellins (GAs) as regulators of fruit tree stature, information on their in vivo metabolism in apple vegetative tissues is still lacking. To determine whether the GA content and metabolism differs between dwarf and standard phenotypes and the influence of rootstocks, [14C]GA12, a common precursor of all GAs in higher plants, was applied to vigorously growing apple (Malus ×domestica) shoots collected from the scion cultivar Redcort on MM.106, a growth-promoting rootstock, and dwarf and standard seedlings on their own roots from progeny 806 (a cross bet

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Iglesias-Fernández, Raquel, and Angel J. Matilla. "Genes involved in ethylene and gibberellins metabolism are required for endosperm-limited germination of Sisymbrium officinale L. seeds." Planta 231, no. 3 (December 10, 2009): 653–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-009-1073-5.

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Bianco, J., G. Garello, and M. T. Le Page-Degivry. "Release of dormancy in sunflower embryos by dry storage: involvement of gibberellins and abscisic acid." Seed Science Research 4, no. 2 (June 1994): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500002026.

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AbstractExcised Helianthus annuus L. embryos became dormant during the third week after anthesis. At this stage a short drying treatment (3 d) led to a slight improvement in germination but a 6-week dry storage caused a complete release from dormancy. The short drying treatment, however, elicited the embryos' response to an exogenous concentration of GAs which was unable to promote germination of fresh embryos. It therefore appeared that a short drying treatment changed the sensitivity to GAs but was not capable of directing embryo metabolism completely towards a germinative mode. Moreover, th

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Litvin, Alexander G., Marc W. van Iersel, and Anish Malladi. "Drought Stress Reduces Stem Elongation and Alters Gibberellin-related Gene Expression during Vegetative Growth of Tomato." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 141, no. 6 (November 2016): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs03913-16.

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Drought stress reduces stem elongation and cell expansion. Since gibberellins (GAs) play an important role in controlling cell elongation, the objective of this study was to determine if the reduction in growth under drought stress is associated with altered GA metabolism or signaling. We exposed ‘Moneymaker’ tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to drought stress to observe the effects on growth. Irrigation was automated using a data logger, which maintained volumetric water contents (VWC) of 0.35 and 0.15 m3·m−3 for well-watered and drought-stressed conditions, respectively. To further investigate t

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Macdonald, S. Ellen, David M. Reid, and C. C. Chinnappa. "Studies on the Stellaria longipes complex: phenotypic plasticity. II. Gibberellins, abscisic acid, and stem elongation." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 2617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-346.

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Clonal material of one genotype of Stellaria longipes Goldie s.l. was used to investigate whether environmental regulation of the phenotype was mediated through phytohormones. Photoperiod and temperature modified the response of this species to exogenous application of gibberellins (GAs) and abscisic acid (ABA). Application of GAs to ramets in short or long days and low temperature increased stem elongation but did not induce elongation equivalent to that seen in control ramets in long warm days. Application of GAs to ramets in short days (warm or cold) induced elongation equivalent to that of

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Kössler, Stella, Tegan Armarego-Marriott, Danuše Tarkowská, Veronika Turečková, Shreya Agrawal, Jianing Mi, Leonardo Perez de Souza та ін. "Lycopene β-cyclase expression influences plant physiology, development, and metabolism in tobacco plants". Journal of Experimental Botany 72, № 7 (23 січня 2021): 2544–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab029.

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Abstract Carotenoids are important isoprenoids produced in the plastids of photosynthetic organisms that play key roles in photoprotection and antioxidative processes. β-Carotene is generated from lycopene by lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB). Previously, we demonstrated that the introduction of the Daucus carota (carrot) DcLCYB1 gene into tobacco (cv. Xanthi) resulted in increased levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and especially gibberellins (GAs), resulting in increased plant yield. In order to understand this phenomenon prior to exporting this genetic strategy to crops, we generated tobacco (Nicotiana

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Rademacher*, Wilhelm. "Prohexadione-Ca in Fruit Trees: Modes of Action of a Multifunctional Bioregulator." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 851D—851. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.851d.

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APOGEE and REGALIS have recently been introduced in a number of countries for use in pome and other fruit trees. These products contain 27.5% and 10% of prohexadione-Ca (ProCa), respectively. As a result of inhibiting excessive vegetative growth, less summer and dormant pruning is required, the ratio between vegetative growth and fruit formation is improved, and crop protection is facilitated due to the reduction of tree row volume and a more open canopy. Additionally, a lowered incidence of diseases such as fire blight and scab is observed, which is not due to a direct bactericidal or fungici

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Turnbull, Matthew H., Richard P. Pharis, Leonid V. Kurepin, Michal Sarfati, Lewis N. Mander, and Dave Kelly. "Flowering in snow tussock (Chionochloa spp.) is influenced by temperature and hormonal cues." Functional Plant Biology 39, no. 1 (2012): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp11116.

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Snow tussocks (Chionochloa spp.) in New Zealand exhibit extreme mast (episodic) seeding which has important implications for plant ecology and plant–insect interactions. Heavy flowering appears to be triggered by very warm/dry summers in the preceding year. In order to investigate the physiological basis for mast flowering, mature snow tussock plants in the field and younger plants in a glasshouse and shadehouse were subjected to a range of manipulative treatments. Field treatments included combinations of warming, root pruning and applications of two native gibberellins (GAs) GA3, which is kn

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Reinoso, Herminda, Virginia Luna, Carlos Dauría, Richard P. Pharis, and Rubén Bottini. "Dormancy in peach (Prunus persica) flower buds. VI. Effects of gibberellins and an acylcyclohexanedione (trinexapac-ethyl) on bud morphogenesis in field experiments with orchard trees and on cuttings." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 664–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-051.

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The effects of several gibberellins (GAs), exo-16,17-dihydro GA5, 2,2-dimethyl GA4, and GA3, and trinexapac-ethyl (an acylcyclohexanedione inhibitor of late-stage GA biosynthesis), were assessed for their effects on flower bud development during and after winter dormancy in peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.) in three field trials and one experiment using cuttings. At late developmental stages, GA3 hastened floral bud development and shortened the time to anthesis, whereas early-stage applications of GA3 either had no effect or delayed floral bud development. In contrast, an exceptionally grow

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Zanewich, Karen P., and Stewart B. Rood. "Gibberellins and Heterosis in Crops and Trees: An Integrative Review and Preliminary Study with Brassica." Plants 9, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020139.

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Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, has contributed substantially to genetic improvements in crops and trees and its physiological basis involves multiple processes. Four associations with the phytohormone gibberellin (GA) indicate its involvement in the regulation of heterosis for shoot growth in maize, sorghum, wheat, rice, tomato and poplar. (1) Inbreds somewhat resemble GA-deficient dwarfs and are often highly responsive to exogenous GA3. (2) Levels of endogenous GAs, including the bioeffector GA1, its precursors GA19 and GA20, and/or its metabolite GA8, are higher in some fast-growing hybrids tha

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Wang, Q., C. H. A. Little, T. Moritz, and P. C. Oden. "Identification of endogenous gibberellins, and metabolism of tritiated and deuterated GA4, GA9 and GA20, in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) shoots." Physiologia Plantarum 97, no. 4 (August 1996): 764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1996.970418.x.

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Koshioka, Masaji, Alan Jones, and Richard P. Pharis. "The Potential of Cell Suspension Cultures ofDaucus carotaL. as a Source of Isotope Labelled Gibberellins. I. Metabolism of [3H]GA5." Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 52, no. 1 (January 1988): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1988.10868608.

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Wang, Q., C. H. A. Little, T. Moritz, and P. C. Oden. "Identification of endogenous gibberellins, and metabolism of tritiated and deuterated GA4, GA9 and GA20, in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) shoots." Physiologia Plantarum 97, no. 4 (August 1996): 764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1996.tb00542.x.

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