Academic literature on the topic 'Gibraltar, history'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gibraltar, history"
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Menez, Alex. "The Gibraltar Skull: early history, 1848–1868." Archives of Natural History 45, no. 1 (April 2018): 92–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2018.0485.
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The Gibraltar Skull is Gibraltar's most celebrated fossil and the first adult Neanderthal skull ever found. Very little is known about its discovery and history while it was in Gibraltar. The skull was sent to London in 1864. There it formed a key component in the debates about human evolution and especially how Neanderthal 1, the Feldhofer skull, was understood. As such, it was instrumental in initiating the new field of palaeoanthropology. This paper draws on published and unpublished, primary sources to re-evaluate the early history of the Gibraltar Skull and provides fresh interpretations of this history.
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MENEZ, ALEX. "CUSTODIAN OF THE GIBRALTAR SKULL: THE HISTORY OF THE GIBRALTAR SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY." Earth Sciences History 37, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 34–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-37.1.34.
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ABSTRACT The Gibraltar Skull, also known as Gibraltar 1 and the Forbes' Quarry skull, is Gibraltar's most famous fossil and has played an important role in our understanding of human evolution. In 1848 the skull was presented to the Gibraltar Scientific Society by its twenty-three-year-old Secretary, Lieutenant Edmund Henry Réné Flint; the receipt being recorded by a single line in its Minute Book. That record is the only known mention of the skull until its arrival in London in July 1864. The Society became the custodian of the skull from its presentation in 1848, to the Society's demise in 1853. Although the Society is mentioned in the majority of accounts of the discovery of the Gibraltar Skull, even if only to note that the skull was presented to the Society and that it was then subsequently stored away, almost no information about the Society exists in the published literature. The only surviving records of the Society's history are its Minute Book, several entries in one of the Minute Books of the Gibraltar Garrison Library, and The Gibraltar Chronicle and Commercial Intelligencer. This paper provides, for the first time, a history of the Society based on analysis of these sources, and from this assesses the curatorial and management approaches to its collection.
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Finlayson, Geraldine. "Gibraltar: a modern history." National Identities 15, no. 3 (September 2013): 314–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2013.812391.
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Rose, Edward. "British Pioneers of the Geology of Gibraltar, Part 2: Cave Archaeology and Geological Survey of the Rock, 1863 to 1878." Earth Sciences History 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 26–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.33.1.a35446v5k2817942.
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The 1860s marked a period of intense early interest in the antiquity of man, and so cave archaeology, in England and elsewhere. Systematic cave archaeology was initiated on Gibraltar in 1863 by a former infantry officer, Frederick Brome, the governor of the military prison, and his discoveries prompted cave exploration and local geological interest by two young British Army officers stationed on the Rock: Alexander Burton-Brown of the Royal Artillery and the subsequently more famous Charles (later Sir Charles) Warren of the Royal Engineers. On the recommendation of Sir Charles Lyell, President of the Geological Society of London, Brome's excavated material was sent to England for study by George Busk and Hugh Falconer: both palaeontologists of considerable distinction. The new discoveries drew attention to the ‘Gibraltar Skull’, presented to the Gibraltar Scientific Society by Lieutenant Edmund Flint of the Royal Artillery in 1848 but recognized only after description of Homo neanderthalensis from Germany in 1864 as a relic of that extinct species—one of the most complete Neanderthal skulls known. Detailed topographical mapping of the Gibraltar peninsula by Charles Warren and interest in Gibraltar geology generated by cave studies led to the first geological survey of the Rock—by Andrew (later Sir Andrew) Crombie Ramsay and James Geikie of the ‘British’ Geological Survey, in 1876. The first ‘overseas’ project to be undertaken by the Survey, this was historically significant because its purpose was primarily hydrogeological and it generated an atypically large-scale (1:2,500) geological map. The map and its 1877-1878 descriptive accounts, which featured Quaternary superficial sediments in more detail than the Jurassic limestone bedrock, were to guide development of Gibraltar's fortress infrastructure for the next sixty-five years.
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Harding, Richard. "Gibraltar: The greatest siege in British history." Mariner's Mirror 106, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.2020.1703400.
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Foster, Paul. "The Gibraltar collections: Gilbert White (1720–1793) and John White (1727–1780), and the naturalist and author Giovanni Antonio Scopoli (1723–1788)." Archives of Natural History 34, no. 1 (April 2007): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2007.34.1.30.
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Gilbert White's preparation of Selborne (1789) was significantly influenced by his tutoring of his brother, John, at Gibraltar. John White lived at Gibraltar as chaplain to the garrison from 1756 to 1772: prompted by his brother, he began to study natural history during the last few years of his chaplaincy and sent to England (for study by his brother) several consignments of specimens across the entire field of natural history; he also wrote for advice about his studies to the naturalist Giovanni Scopoli and, on return to England, prepared for publication a “Fauna Calpensis”.
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Plank, Geoffrey. "Making Gibraltar British in the Eighteenth Century." History 98, no. 331 (July 2013): 346–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-229x.12013.
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Gerke, Amanda Ellen. "Discursive Boundaries: Code-Switching as Representative of Gibraltarian Identity Construction in M.G. Sanchez’ Rock Black." Miscelánea: A Journal of English and American Studies 57 (December 16, 2018): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_misc/mj.20186321.
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The British overseas territory of Gibraltar situated on the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula has a population of 30 000 people with a variety of ethnic origins, languages, history, and political affiliations. The recent upsurge in Gibraltarian literature has served not only to draw attention to the dynamic and multifaceted nature of their identity but also to help in the task of identity construction on the part of the Gibraltarians themselves; there is an observable push and pull of affiliation not only in Gibraltar’s cultural artifacts, but also in its language. This article identifies the ways in which code-switching in M.G. Sanchez’ Rock Black represents the Spanish-British conflict, and views language choice as a tool in the construction of group-identity among contemporary Gibraltarians.
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Gold, Peter. "Is Gibraltar a Nation?" International Journal of Iberian Studies 14, no. 2 (July 1, 2001): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijis.14.2.68.
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Rose, Edward. "British pioneers of the geology of Gibraltar, Part 1: the artilleryman Thomas James (ca 1720-1782); infantryman Ninian Imrie of Denmuir (ca 1752-1820); and ex-militiaman James Smith of Jordanhill (1782-1867)." Earth Sciences History 32, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 252–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.32.2.y46w1v7758755766.
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The rocky peninsula of Gibraltar juts south from Spain at the western entrance to the Mediterranean Sea. Long famous as a landmark, it was ceded to Great Britain by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, and progressively developed as a naval and military base. Thomas James, a Royal Artillery officer stationed on Gibraltar from 1749 to 1755, was the first member of the British garrison to publish geological observations on the Rock, within a book of 1771 completed in New York. His military career culminated after active service against revolutionary Americans, finally in the rank of major-general, but with no further known contributions to geology. The Scotsman Ninian Imrie of Denmuir, an officer of the First Regiment of Foot (The Royal Scots), served on Gibraltar within the period 1784 to 1793, and was the first to publish an account specifically on its geology, in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1798. A career soldier, he achieved the rank of lieutenant-colonel before retiring to Scotland, and to amateur geological studies influenced by active membership of Edinburgh's Wernerian Natural History Society. James Smith of Jordanhill, near Glasgow, served in Great Britain in the Renfrewshire Militia during the Napoleonic Wars but, benefiting from a family fortune, later spent much time as a yachtsman and scholar of wide interests and influence. His studies on Gibraltar, published by the Geological Society of London in 1846, were the first to attempt a tectonic interpretation of the Rock's geological history, and to record local evidence for Quaternary sea level change.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gibraltar, history"
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Picardo, Edward Nicholas. "The war and siege : language policy and practice in Gibraltar, 1940-1985." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1500/.
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My thesis explores language policy and practice in the history of the people of Gibraltar between 1940 and 1985. This period covers the wartime Evacuation and the Spanish border restrictions and closure, and it is also fundamental in the emergence of Gibraltarian identity and democratic rights. My contention is that these developments were facilitated by growing accessibility to the English language. From being largely the preserve of the colonial establishment and the elite, it emerged as pre-eminent in official use, the media and culture, and higher oral registers. This change was hastened by the Evacuation, which increased awareness of the need for English. The Clifford Report of 1944 reformed the whole education system and gave a central role to English. Clifford, Gibraltar’s Colonial Secretary, and indeed educationalists at the Colonial Office, proved themselves far more enlightened than their governing counterparts in Gibraltar. Their reform greatly contributed to political development in the following decades. With the Spanish border closure, the English language and the sense of attachment to Britain gained further consolidation, co-existing with the move away from overt colonialism. In my examination of language behaviour in Gibraltar, including bilingualism and the use of Spanish, interview material supplements written sources.
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Caparroy, Benjamin. "Géographie et morphologie des lieux sacrés maritimes dans le détroit de Gibraltar, du VIe siècle a.C. au Ier siècle p.C." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU1045/document.
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Au cours du XIe siècle avant notre ère la zone du détroit de Gibraltar assiste à l’arrivée sur ses côtes de populations phéniciennes venues du Proche-Orient. Ces peuples traversent en effet la mer Méditerranée pour venir s’installer et commercer avec les populations locales dans le but d’approvisionner la métropole de Tyr en métaux, pourpre et autres denrées susceptibles d’alimenter le commerce méditerranéen. C’est dans ce contexte, riche en contacts et en échanges, que se développe notre étude. Elle a pour objet les espaces sacrés qui jalonnent le parcours des pilotes, des voyageurs et des commerçants qui sillonnent le Détroit à bord de leurs navires. Les auteurs antiques, qu’ils soient poètes, géographes ou historiens, signalent un grand nombre d’autels, de temples ou même d’anecdotes mythologiques qui mettent en lumière un paysage sacré particulièrement riche dans cette zone de confins. Notre travail consiste à synthétiser toutes ces informations littéraires pour les mettre en parallèle avec les données obtenues par l’archéologie depuis la fin du siècle dernier. Au fil de l’analyse se révèle en filigrane l’existence d’un réseau d’espaces sacrés et de mythes qui viennent offrir un cadre religieux dans le Détroit. Cette synthèse inédite des données religieuses, recueillies sur les deux rives, permet une analyse et une première approche des phénomènes religieux maritimes dans la zone.Cette compilation des données religieuses doit nous permettre de mieux appréhender et de décrire avec plus d’acuité ce que devait être la vie religieuse des marins qui fréquentaient les colonnes d’Hercule. Il s’agit de déterminer les motivations qui justifient une présence si forte du religieux sur ces rivages : besoin de protection pendant la traversée, motifs économiques, contrôle des côtes et guide de la navigation… Il est également question de caractériser ces dévotions, de savoir par quels moyens et en quels types de lieux s’exprime la religion des marins. Il faut aussi s’interroger sur les émetteurs et les récepteurs de ce type de dévotions : les commerçants sont-ils les seuls à faire des offrandes ? Et quelles divinités sont mises en avant par la religion maritime de ces populations ?L’objectif de la démonstration est clairement de mettre en lumière et de mieux définir les différents éléments qui composent le paysage religieux maritime du détroit de Gibraltar. Le résultat est un essai de définition, de description et de mise en lien des divers éléments de ce réseau fait d’hommes, de divinités, de mythes, de lieux sacrés et de marques de dévotions, qui ont tous un point commun : la merThis work deals with the localisation and functions of the Punic sacred places located at the strait of Gibraltar. The main purpose of this PHD is to discuss the links between those sacred spaces and navigation in this special part of the Mediterranean antique world. Using ancient writers’ quotes, talking about consecrated places on the shore of the south of Spain and the north of Morocco, we shall try and reveal a part of the sacred landscape that sailors and sea-sellers used to frequent. Many sites that have been excavated can be linked to a religious function (temple, sacred areas, holy caves or springs), we aim at discussing the evolution of those sites and the place they have in shore navigations and ports of trade
Este trabajo de tesis se centra en la localización y las funciones de los lugares sagrados púnicos del estrecho de Gibraltar. El objetivo principal de este proyecto es de describir los vínculos que existen entre estos espacios consagrados del litoral y la navegación en la zona del estrecho. Utilizando principalmente las referencias proporcionadas por los autores antiguos y los datos arqueológicos recuperados en las excavaciones de ambas orillas del estrecho (Andalucía, Algarve, Norte de Marruecos), intentamos describir, dibujar de la forma mas precisa posible el paisaje sagrado que los navegantes y comerciantes de esa época conocían. Varios de los sitios excavados tienen una función religiosa (templos, áreas sagradas, cuevas-santuario, fuentes consagradas), el objetivo del trabajo nuestro es presentar una síntesis de estos sitios, describiendo su evolución y el papel que ocupaban en las navegaciones costeras y en la red de puertos del estrecho
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Brown, James A. O. C. "Anglo-Moroccan relations in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, with particular reference to the role of Gibraltar." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/225445.
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This dissertation presents new evidence about Anglo-Moroccan relations in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, with particular reference to the development of the links between the Gharb region of Morocco and Gibraltar and the establishment of the Moroccan consulate there. This evidence is used to re-evaluate prevailing arguments about Moroccan isolationism, especially during the reign of Mawlay Sulaymān (r. 1792-1822), linking this to the nature of the Moroccan sultanate's foreign and trade policy over the longer term. It is argued that the Sīdī Muḥammad b. 'Abd Allāh's (r. 1757-90) well-known 'opening up' of the country should be seen not just as a response to European expansion, but also as a continuation of the sultanate's historical development as a state based partly on the control of trade. It is further argued that Mawlay Sulaymān and his successor Mawlay 'Abd al-Raḥmān (r. 1822-59) essentially followed Sīdī Muḥammad's policy. With reference to this context, the dissertation analyses the development of the Moroccan consulate in Gibraltar, including re-dating its initial establishment. The example of the consulate is also applied to reconsidering dominant assumptions about the role of religious discourse in limiting Morocco's contact with the outside world by assessing the wider social and economic context in which it operated, specifically the growth of trade between Gibraltar and the Gharb and the related development of a group of both Jewish and Muslim Moroccan merchants who partly conducted it. The dissertation finally assesses the political importance of these trade links and commercial interests, and how they influenced the operation of power and authority in the Gharb. The overall case is presented in the context of a critique of civilisational or culturalist approaches to the study of reactions to European expansion and modernity that prioritise cultural difference between Western and, in this case, Muslim societies. It is argued that the Straits of Gibraltar - a ubiquitous symbol of the supposed dividing line between different civilisations - actually illustrate the importance of the interaction between different societies for accurately understanding their development and the agency of actors on both sides.
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Bernard, Gwladys. "Autour du détroit de Gibraltar : espaces politiques et juridiques sous l'Empire Romain." Bordeaux 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR30063.
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Le détroit de Gibraltar, bras de mer entre deux continents, étroit couloir entre l’Atlantique et la Méditerranée, est une charnière géographique essentielle. Il a joué un rôle clé dans l’histoire des espaces qui le bordent depuis la plus haute Antiquité, et mérite donc d’être considéré comme un objet d’étude à part entière. En effet, sa largeur réduite n’a pas empêché des contacts répétés entre les populations vivant des deux côtés de la Méditerranée, et ce depuis le Chalcolithique. Gibraltar, plus qu’une frontière, est en effet un pont jeté entre les deux rives de la Méditerranée comme un point de passage obligé vers l’Atlantique. La présence de ce détroit, avec ses diverses routes maritimes, ses ports et ses courants, a contribué à façonner un espace particulier dont les influences s’étendent sur deux vastes hinterlands, à savoir tout le sud de la péninsule ibérique et le nord du Maghreb Occidental. Rome, présente dans ces régions de la Méditerranée occidentale depuis la fin du Ier siècle a. C. , impose progressivement à cet espace ibéro-maurétanien un nouveau cadre politique, celui d’un vaste Empire tourné vers l’Italie. Les nouvelles structures politiques et militaires doivent permettre à ces provinces périphériques de l’Hispanie méridionale et des Maurétanies de s’insérer dans un ensemble méditerranéenThe strait of Gibraltar, channel between two continents, narrow corridor between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, is a pivotal geographic feature. It has played a key role in the history of the neighbouring areas since the beginning of the Ancient World. It therefore deserves to be studied in and for itself. Indeed, its narrowness allowed repeated contacts between populations from both sides of the Mediterranean Sea since the Chalcolithic. More than a border, Gibraltar is a bridge that links the two shores of the Mediterranean Sea and an unavoidable gateway to the Atlantic Ocean. The existence of this strait, with its routes, harbors and currents, contributed to the shape of a specific area that influenced two vast hinterlands: the South of the Iberian Peninsula and the North of the western Maghreb. Rome was present in those regions since the end of the 1st century B. C. And gradually imposed a new political structure, that of a large Italy-centered empire, to this Iberian-Mauritanian area. The new political and military structures had to allow the integration of southern Hispania and Mauritania into a Mediterranean unity
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Alegría, Miranda Carla. "El Gibraltar de las costas americanas : marinería chilena y extranjera : Valparaíso, 1811-1840." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116056.
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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Historia mención Historia de ChileLa apertura de Valparaíso al comercio libre con los mercados de ultramar significó que, en pocos años, el apacible villorrio se convirtiera en una pequeña urbe, pintoresca y colorida que llamó poderosamente la atención de quienes tocaban sus playas. El marino y armador francés Gabriel Lafond de Lurcy, quien visitó el país en la década de 1820, señaló que el puerto era un asentamiento donde se efectuaba el comercio de tránsito de productos de todo el mundo. En él, los barcos se abastecían de artículos indispensables El viajero galo realizó una descripción panorámica de la bullente ciudad que se presentaba ante sus ojos, la cual se encontraba dividida en las áreas del Puerto y el Almendral.
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Alegre, Silvia Elena. "O tráfico de andaluzes para o café: cafeicultores paulistas no negócio de atração e transporte de imigrantes (1886-1918)  ." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12824.
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This research deals with the Andalusian immigrants, attracted by the offer of tickets financed by the São Paulo government, aimed at working in the coffee plantations in the countryside of the São Paulo state. Immigration performed by free tickets was highly dependent on the recruitment activity, which was prohibited by the Spanish law. When, in 1910, the Spanish government banned subsidized emigration to Brazil, the boarding of workers continued to be carried out from the English port of Gibraltar, outside its jurisdiction. This paper seeks to show how the São Paulo coffee growers, committed to keeping active flow of labor to the plantations in sufficient quantity to provide a surplus that would allow a favorable negotiation to their interests, were directly involved with the agencies responsible for the attraction and overseas transportation of immigrants even when this activity involved breaking the law. The participation of the coffee growers elite and their representatives in the São Paulo state government in the trafficking of immigrants to the farms reveals the relationship of the Brazilian ruling classes with the law, a relationship marked by arbitrariness and wide maneuvering margin. The analysis of the case here presented, researched from crossing the Spanish and Brazilian documentation, is an attempt to understand the paradoxical aspects of the modernization of Brazil ingrained with remains from the colonial past
Esta pesquisa trata dos imigrantes andaluzes, atraídos pelo oferecimento de passagens custeadas pelo governo de São Paulo, destinados ao trabalho nas fazendas de café do interior paulista. A imigração realizada por meio de passagens gratuitas foi altamente dependente da atividade de recrutamento, que era proibida pela legislação espanhola. Quando, em 1910, a emigração subsidiada para o Brasil foi proibida pelo governo espanhol, o embarque dos trabalhadores continuou a ser realizado a partir do porto inglês de Gibraltar, fora de sua jurisdição. Este trabalho procura mostrar como os cafeicultores paulistas, empenhados em manter ativo o fluxo de braços para a lavoura em quantidade suficiente para garantir um excedente que permitisse uma negociação favorável aos seus interesses, estiveram diretamente envolvidos com as agências encarregadas da atração e transporte oceânico de imigrantes mesmo quando a realização desta atividade implicou na transgressão das leis que a proibiam. A participação das elites cafeicultoras, e de seus representantes no governo do Estado de São Paulo, no tráfico de imigrantes para as fazendas, é reveladora da relação das classes dominantes brasileiras com a lei, relação marcada pela arbitrariedade e pela grande margem de manobra. A análise do caso que apresentamos, pesquisado a partir do cruzamento da documentação espanhola e brasileira, constitui uma tentativa de entender aspectos da paradoxal modernização do Brasil impregnada de permanências do passado colonial
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Linger, Ryan Bartlett. "Die Zukunft gehoert dem Ingeniuer: Herman Soergel's Attempt to Engineer Europe's Salvation." 2011. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/998.
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Herman Sörgel devised a plan, beginning in 1927, to usher in a new era of peace and prosperity for the whole of Europe. Atlantropa was his answer to the perceived threats that the European people faced from international competition, overpopulation, and lack of resources. The plan would have resulted in the lowering of the Mediterranean Sea and the ultimate creation of one continent comprised of the former Europe and Africa. Though the plan was never implemented, it poses a fascinating model through which historians may reconsider the time period between the end of the First and Second World Wars.
This thesis examines some historical socio-political movements through the lens of Sörgel’s megaproject. Original publications from Herman Sörgel himself as well as those of two notable Atlantropa scholars, Alexander Gall and Wolfgang Voigt, explain in great detail the technical and sociological aspects of the plan. Additionally, theories from Jeffrey Herf, Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi, and Dina Brandt aid in the understanding of the man who attempted to engineer Europe out of crisis. The following analysis reveals the difficulty in placing Herman Sörgel into any singular political or social movement in his time. Though he espoused some of the same rhetoric as that of the National Socialists and pan-European movements alike, he failed to conform to any particular group. The unwavering obsession with his project consumed all of Sörgel’s energies until his death in 1952. Though all-but-forgotten, the project offers an uncommon means by which to view a tumultuous time in Europe.
Books on the topic "Gibraltar, history"
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Vinuesa, Arturo. Gibraltar desde dentro =: Gibraltar from inside. Madrid: SIAL Ediciones, 2011.
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Archer, Edward G. Gibraltar, identity and empire. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge, 2006.
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Garcia, Richard J. M. The postal history of Gibraltar 1704-1971. Heathfield: Postal History Pub., 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Gibraltar, history"
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Cort, José Luis, and Pablo Abaunza. "The Bluefin Tuna Catch in the Strait of Gibraltar. A Review of Its History." In SpringerBriefs in Biology, 23–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11545-6_4.
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North, Michael. "Mari connessi." In Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni, 5–25. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.02.
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Following Fernand Braudel’s Méditerranée, historians interpreted the Mediterranean, Baltic, Atlantic, Indian Ocean or Pacific as closed maritime systems, consisting of multiple micro-environments. This essay seeks to overcome these limited perspectives and to examine, how the various seas and oceans were connected by the Vikings, the Cairo Genizah merchants and the Italian trading companies of the Middle Ages. The second part of my article “Connected Seas” examines the perception and memory of the seas as an element of maritime connectivity. It introduces the concept of realm of memory (lieu de mémoire) into maritime history and tests it in four case studies on the Sound, the Straits of Gibraltar, the Dardanelles and the Straits of Malacca.
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"Operations from Gibraltar to Morocco." In Government Official History Series. Routledge, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203641644.ch3.
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Gerard, Philip. "Confederate Gibraltar." In The Last Battleground, 278–91. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469649566.003.0040.
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An immense sand fort guards the entrance to the Cape Fear River and the fairway to Wilmington, the last major open port of the Confederacy, through which blockade runners supply vital materiel for Gen. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia. On Christmas Eve 1864, a U.S. Navy armada unleashes the heaviest bombardment in history on the fort, in advance of landing 6,500 assault troops. But the U.S. commander, Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Butler, falters, and only 2,300 troops make it ashore in roughening weather. They are stranded on the cold beach overnight without shelter. In the morning, the fleet sails away. Just three weeks later an even more powerful assault force returns, including USCT, who will play a crucial role in the battle. This assault is led by Brig. Gen. Alfred Terry and after six hours of heavy hand-to hand fighting forces the surrender of the fort.
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"Operations from Gibraltar to Southern France." In Government Official History Series. Routledge, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203641644.ch6.
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Pack, Sasha D. "The End of a Modern Borderland." In The Deepest Border, 265–80. Stanford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503606678.003.0013.
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This chapter discusses the post-World War II reconfiguration of ethno-religious relations that put an end to the modern trans-Gibraltar borderland society as it had developed over the previous century. Jews and Europeans departed Morocco in haste in the 1950s, their safety increasingly uncertain. Spain waged a protracted campaign to recover Gibraltar from Great Britain, closing the border by 1969. Although the effort failed, it put an end to Gibraltar’s role as a hub for traffic and circulation around the Strait for over a century. New currents of migration brought Africans northward, making Spain substantially multiconfessional for the first time in its modern history. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the new regional conjuncture and some remarks about the historical changes and continuities over the previous centuries.
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"4. Common history until 1956." In Tangier/Gibraltar - A Tale of One City, 91–136. transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783839456491-006.
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Hayter, Tony. "The Army And The First British Empire 1714–1783." In The Oxford History Of The British Army, 112–31. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192853332.003.0006.
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Abstract The response of the British army in the eighteenth century to overseas campaigning was at first slow and uncertain. The operations in North America in the 1740s showed not much advance in technique from the isolated operations there in Queen Anne’s reign, and in the Caribbean little seems to have been learned since Elizabethan times. A certain confidence in planning and execution can be observed in the Seven Years War, but up until 1783 the experience of troops abroad was harsh and bitter, and the hazards, particularly of tropical disease, were appalling. In the years after the great reduction of the army after the Treaty of Utrecht no more than nine regiments of foot were stationed overseas. Of these four served in Minorca, three in Gibraltar, one in North America, and one in the West Indies. The Gibraltar garrison was from time to time reinforced above this figure if danger threatened from Spain. During these years the troops endured all the difficulties of long garrison duty: acute boredom relieved by alcohol and punctuated by the spectacle of savage military punishment, an inadequate monotonous diet, and ever-present danger, not from His Majesty’s enemies but from lethal epidemics. The regiments on Gibraltar were losing men through disease at the rate of 17 per cent a year during the 1740s.
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Clarke, Katherine. "Geographical and Historiographical Traditions." In Between Geography and History, 1–76. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199240036.003.0001.
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Abstract ‘Where are you going from here?’ Gilles asked. ‘South, to Sartene and Bonifacio.’ ‘Bonifacio is a very pretty place. You know Homer’s Odyssey? Bonifacio is where the Laestrygonians live.’That was beautiful, that he referred to the distant little port, not for a good restaurant or a luxury hotel or its fortress or a trivial event, but as the place where a group of savage giants had interfered with Ulysses. When it comes to literary allusions you can’t do much better than use the authority of the Odyssey to prove that your home town was once important. In Gibraltar Sir Joshua Hassan had jerked his thumb sideways towards the Rock and said to me ‘That’s one of the Pillars of Hercules’ .
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"Problems and Methods of Operating from Gibraltar to the South of France." In Government Official History Series. Routledge, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203641644.ch8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Gibraltar, history"
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Manjure, P. Y. "Installation of Buddha Statue - Monument of Engineering & Culture." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0577.
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<p>The magnificent statue of Lord Buddha installed on Gibraltar Rock in Hussain Sagar Lake in Hyderabad City of India is an engineering marvel. It attracts not only attention of international tourists, but has become great symbol of Buddhism culture and faith born in India. The project involving stages of sculpting the statue, its transportation to the city, then to the pedestal in the lake had to face challenging situations which are brought out in the paper. While transporting it in the lake, there was mishap drowning the statue to the lake bed. Salvaging the statue and its subsequent erection on the pedestal added to the complexity of engineering operations and are covered in the article.</p>
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Zanini Barzaghi, C. "The Swiss Giovanni Lombardi in the History of Civil Engineering of XXI Century." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0212.
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<p>The history of Civil Engineering in XXI century as well as the history of dams is still to be written. We could certainly begin with the eminent Swiss engineer Giovanni Lombardi (1926-2017), a genius in the field of structural engineering and tunnel construction. He built many “cathedrals of energy” around the world: dams or hydroelectric power stations, introducing innovative solutions in design and calculation. This progress was linked to economic and social pressures of the same period, including the energy (oil) crisis and the need to increase the dam’s reservoirs. His main structures are Muttsee dam (CH), Zeuzier dam (CH), Contra dam (CH), Zimapan dam (MX) and also railway and road tunnels (Gotthard, Gibraltar). This paper aims to outline the history of Giovanni Lombardi through his pioneering mind, his scientific contribution, and technical innovation in a Swiss and global context, highlighting how his engineering can be considered an art.</p>
Reports on the topic "Gibraltar, history"
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Plouffe, A., T. Ferbey, and R. G. Anderson. Till composition and ice-flow history in the region of the Gibraltar Mine: developing indicators for the search of buried porphyry mineralization. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/293839.
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