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Fagoni, Nazzareno, Simone Piva, Rosella Marino, Giovanni Chiarini, Daniela Ferrari, Eleonora Grespi, Rita Bertuetti, Silvia Barbieri, Nicola Latronico, and Frank Rasulo. "The IN-PANCIA Study: Clinical Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Dysfunction and Failure, Multiple Organ Failure, and Levels of Citrulline in Critically Ill Patients." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 35, no. 3 (November 15, 2017): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066617742594.
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Purpose: Gastrointestinal dysfunction and failure (GID and GIF) in critically ill patients are a common, relevant, and underestimated complications in ICU patients. The aims of this study were (1) to determine plasmatic levels of citrulline, glutamine, and arginine as markers of GID/GIF in critically ill patients with or without GID/GIF with or without multiple organ failure (MOF) and (2) to assess the role of intra-abdominal hypertension in these patient groups. Materials and Methods: This is a 1-year, monocentric (Italian hospital), prospective observational study. Inclusion criteria were adult patients with GID/GIF, with or without MOF. The GIF score was daily evaluated in 39 critically ill patients. Amino acids were measured at the time of GID or GIF. Results: We enrolled 39 patients. Nine patients developed GID and 7 GIF; 6 of patients with GID/GIF developed MOF. Citrulline was lower ( P < .001) in patients with GID/GIF (11.3 [4.4] µmol/L), compared to patients without GID/GIF (22.4 [6.8] µmol/L); likewise, glutamine was lower in patients with GID/GIF, whereas arginine was nonstatistically different between the 2 groups. Intra-abdominal pressure was higher in patients affected by MOF (13.0 [2.2] mm Hg) than in patients with GIF/GID without MOF (9.6 [2.6] mm Hg) and compared to patients without GID/GIF (7.2 [2.1] mm Hg). Conclusions: Both GID and GIF in critically ill patients are associated with low levels of citrulline and glutamine, which could be considered as markers of small bowel dysfunction. The higher the GIF score, the lower the citrulline levels. Patients affected by MOF had higher levels of intra-abdominal pressure.
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Iwata, M., K. Katamura, R. T. Kubo, and K. Ishizaka. "Relationship between T cell receptors and antigen-binding factors. I. Specificity of functional T cell receptors on mouse T cell hybridomas that produce antigen-binding T cell factors." Journal of Immunology 143, no. 12 (December 15, 1989): 3909–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.143.12.3909.
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Abstract Upon antigenic stimulation with OVA-pulsed syngeneic macrophages, the mouse T cell hybridoma 231F1 produced glycosylation inhibiting factor (GIF) having affinity for OVA and IgE-suppressive factors, whereas another T cell hybridoma, 12H5, cells produced OVA-binding glycosylation enhancing factor (GEF) and IgE-potentiating factor. The OVA-binding GIF from the 231F1 cells is an Ag-specific Ts cell factor, whereas OVA-binding GEF from the 12H5 cells is an Ag-specific augmenting factor. Both hybridomas express CD3 complex and functional TCR-alpha beta. Cross-linking of TCR-alpha beta or CD3 molecules on the hybridomas by anti-TCR-alpha beta mAb or anti-CD3 mAb and protein A resulted in the formation of the same factors as those obtained by the stimulation of the cells with OVA-pulsed syngeneic macrophages. It was also found that both the 231F1 cells and 12H5 cells formed IgE-binding factors upon incubation with H-2d and H-2b APC, respectively, with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 307-317 in the OVA molecules (P307-317). Six other synthetic peptides, including those containing the major immunogenic epitope, i.e., P323-339, failed to stimulate the hybridomas in the presence of APC. Indeed, all of the 10 T cell hybridoma clones, which could produce either OVA-binding GIF or OVA-binding GEF, responded to P307-317 and APC for the formation of IgE-binding factors. In contrast, GIF/GEF derived from six other hybridoma clones, whose TCR recognized P323-339 in the context of a MHC product, failed to bind to OVA-coupled Sepharose. The results indicate the correlation between the fine specificity of TCR and the affinity of GIF/GEF to the nominal Ag. The amino acid sequence of P307-317 suggested that TCR on the cell sources of Ag-binding factors are specific for an external structure of the Ag molecules.
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Bohn Stafleu van Loghum. "Zzp’er als zorgfinancial: gif of gift?" Fizier 35, no. 1 (February 2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40739-018-0007-3.
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Akasaki, M., M. Iwata, and K. Ishizaka. "Modulation of the biologic activities of IgE-binding factors. VII. Biochemical mechanisms by which glycosylation-enhancing factor activates phospholipase in lymphocytes." Journal of Immunology 134, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 4069–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.134.6.4069.
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Abstract Cells of the T cell hybridoma 23A4 produce IgE-binding factors lacking N-linked oligosaccharides (unglycosylated form) when they are incubated with IgE alone. In the presence of glycosylation-enhancing factor (GEF) or bradykinin, however, the same cells produce IgE-binding factors with N-linked oligosaccharides (glycosylated form). Switching the cells from the formation of unglycosylated IgE-binding factors to the formation of glycosylated factors was accompanied by the release of both glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF) in its phosphorylated form, i.e., phosphorylated lipomodulin, and arachidonate from the cells. Analysis of the biochemical processes for the release of GIF from 23A4 cells showed that affinity-purified GEF or bradykinin induced transient phospholipid methylation and diacylglycerol (DAG) formation, and enhanced 45Ca uptake into the cells. Inhibitors of methyltransferases, i.e., 3-deaza-adenosine plus L-homocysteine thiolactone, inhibited not only phospholipid methylation but also DAG formation and GIF release. Exogenously added 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl glycerol, i.e., a DAG that is permeable to the plasma membrane, induced the release of GIF from the cells. It was also found that 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) switched 23A4 cells and normal lymphocytes to the selective formation of N-glycosylated IgE-binding factor, and induced the release of GIF from the cells. 32PO4-labeled lipomodulin was detected in the extract of 23A4 cells 3 to 5 min after the addition of GEF, bradykinin, or TPA. These results indicate that GEF and bradykinin induced the activation of methyltransferases and phospholipase C for the formation of DAG, which in turn activated Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) for the phosphorylation of lipomodulin. Because lipomodulin loses phospholipase inhibitory activity after phosphorylation, increased phospholipase A2 activity would be expressed by this process.
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Kuipers, Lars. "Gif." Advocatenblad 97, no. 1 (January 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/ab/0165-13312017097001004.
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Coledam, Diogo Henrique Constantino, Gustavo Aires de Arruda, and Arli Ramos de Oliveira. "Efeitos de um programa de exercícios no desempenho de crianças nos testes de flexibilidade e impulsão vertical." Motriz: Revista de Educação Física 18, no. 3 (September 2012): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742012000300012.
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Esse estudo investigou o efeito de um programa de exercícios na flexibilidade e impulsão vertical de escolares. 61 crianças (30 meninos) foram divididas em Grupo Controle Masculino (GCM), Grupo Intervenção Masculino (GIM), Grupo Controle Feminino (GCF) e Grupo Intervenção Feminino (GIF). O GIM e GIF foram submetidos a um programa de exercícios durante as aulas de Educação Física Escolar com duração de 12 semanas. Foram realizados os testes de "sentar-e-alcançar" e impulsão vertical anteriormente às 12 semanas e após o término deste programa. Os resultados indicaram que o GIF e o GIM aumentaram significativamente o desempenho nos testes de impulsão vertical e "sentar-e-alcançar" após o programa de intervenção (P<0,05). No GCM e GCF não foram verificadas diferenças significativas no desempenho do teste de impulsão vertical e "sentar-e-alcançar" (P>0,05). O programa de intervenção utilizado nesse estudo foi eficiente em aumentar a flexibilidade e impulsão vertical de crianças.
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Thomas, P., H. Gomi, T. Takeuchi, C. Carini, Y. Tagaya, and K. Ishizaka. "Glycosylation-inhibiting factor from human T cell hybridomas constructed from peripheral blood lymphocytes of a bee venom-sensitive allergic patient." Journal of Immunology 148, no. 3 (February 1, 1992): 729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.148.3.729.
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Abstract Human T cell hybridomas, which constitutively secrete glycosylation inhibiting factor (GIF), were constructed from PBL of an allergic individual who was sensitive to honey bee venom. PBMC of the patient were stimulated with either denatured or cyanogen bromide-treated bee venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and Ag-activated cells were propagated by IL-2 in the presence of human recombinant lipocortin I. T cells obtained in the cultures were fused with a HAT-sensitive mutant of the human lymphoblastoid cell line CEM. Approximately one-third of hybridoma clones constitutively secreted GIF. The GIF-producing hybridomas were CD3+ and bore TCR-alpha beta. GIF formed by unstimulated hybridomas lacked affinity for bee venom PLA2. Upon cross-linking of CD3, however, a majority of the GIF-producing hybridomas formed IgE-binding factors and GIF, the latter of which had affinity for bee venom PLA2. Both nonspecific GIF and Ag-binding GIF from the hybridomas bound to an immunosorbent coupled with the anti-lipomodulin mAb 141-B9. Using an affinity-purified GIF as an immunogen, we established mouse B cell hybridomas that secreted monoclonal anti-human GIF. In order to characterize human nonspecific GIF, one of the GIF-producing hybridomas was adapted to a serum-free medium, and culture supernatant was fractionated by DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography and by gel filtration. The majority of nonspecific GIF in the culture supernatant was recovered from DEAE-Sepharose by elution of the column with 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0, containing 50 mM NaCl. Affinity-purification of GIF in the DEAE Sepharose fraction by using anti-GIF-coupled Affigel, and analysis of the purified GIF by SDS-PAGE revealed that human GIF is a single polypeptide chain of 14 to 15 kDa. Gel filtration of both crude and affinity-purified GIF preparations confirmed the molecular size of the cytokine.
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Iwata, M., K. Katamura, R. T. Kubo, H. M. Grey, and K. Ishizaka. "Relationship between T cell receptors and antigen-binding factors. II. Common antigenic determinants and epitope recognition shared by T cell receptors and antigen-binding factors." Journal of Immunology 143, no. 12 (December 15, 1989): 3917–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.143.12.3917.
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Abstract The T cell hybridomas 231F1 and 12H5 constitutively secrete glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF) and glycosylation-enhancing factor (GEF), respectively, which lack affinity for OVA-coupled Sepharose. When the 231F1 and 12H5 cells were stimulated by OVA-pulsed syngeneic macrophages, however, GIF and GEF produced by the cells had affinity for OVA. Both the OVA-binding GIF from the 231F1 cells and OVA-binding GEF from the 12H5 cells bound to a mAb against TCR-alpha beta and a mAb against TCR-alpha, suggesting a serologic relationship between TCR and OVA-binding factors. However, the OVA-binding GIF and GEF bound to mAb 14-12 and 14-30, respectively. Because these mAb do not bind TcR alpha beta-chains, it appears that the Ag-binding factors are different from TCR itself. The OVA-binding factors from both 12H5 cells and 231F1 cells do not bind to urea-denatured OVA. The binding of the factors to OVA Sepharose was inhibited by a peptide corresponding to residues 307-317 (P307-317) in the native OVA, but not by the peptide corresponding to residues 323-339 (P323-339). Furthermore, the OVA-binding factors bound to P306-319-coupled Sepharose but not to P323-339-coupled Sepharose, and were recovered by elution of the former Sepharose at acid pH. The binding of OVA to anti-OVA antibodies was not inhibited by either peptide. Inasmuch as the 231F1 cells and 12H5 cells can be stimulated by P307-317 in the context of a MHC product, it appears that the Ag-binding factors and TCR-alpha beta on the cell sources of the factors may recognize the same epitope in the OVA molecules. The results also showed that Ag-binding factors and antibodies recognize distinct epitopes in the Ag molecules.
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Jardieu, P., M. Akasaki, and K. Ishizaka. "Carrier-specific suppression of antibody responses by antigen-specific glycosylation-inhibiting factors." Journal of Immunology 138, no. 5 (March 1, 1987): 1494–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.138.5.1494.
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Abstract We previously established an ovalbumin (OA)-specific T cell clone from spleen cells of BDF1 mice, which had been treated by i.v. injections of OA, and constructed antigen-specific T cell hybridomas from the T cell clone. One of the hybridomas constitutively released glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF) which lacked affinity for OA, and was called non-specific GIF. Incubation of the same hybridoma cells with OA-pulsed syngeneic macrophages or OA-pulsed B lymphoblastoid cells of BALB/c origin resulted in the formation of GIF molecules that had affinity for OA but not for bovine serum albumin or keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Both the OA-specific GIF and nonspecific GIF bound to monoclonal anti-lipocortin and possessed I-Jb determinants. The OA-specific GIF consisted of two species of molecules, of m.w. 80,000 and 30,000 to 40,000, respectively, whereas the nonspecific GIF from unstimulated cells had an m.w. of 15,000. Intravenous injections of OA-specific GIF or nonspecific GIF into BDF1 mice suppressed both the IgE and IgG1 anti-hapten antibody responses of the animals to dinitrophenyl derivatives of OA (DNP-OA), but OA-specific GIF was much more effective than nonspecific GIF in suppressing the antibody responses. When the same preparations of GIF were injected into DNP-KHL-primed mice, OA-specific GIF and nonspecific GIF were comparable in suppressing the anti-DNP antibody response. In contrast to the 40,000 m.w. species of OA-specific GIF, the 80,000 m.w. OA-specific GIF had carrier-specific suppressive effects. The similarities of antigen-specific GIF to antigen-specific TsF suggest that the phospholipase-inhibiting activity of the molecules may be involved in the immunosuppressive effects of some antigen-specific TsF.
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Tristão, A. R., A. L. Melo, A. C. Vasconcelos, and F. M. Grossi. "Apoptose na modulação da resposta inflamatória aos ovos do Schistosoma mansoni." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 52, no. 6 (December 2000): 586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352000000600006.
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Foram estudadas 42 amostras de fígado de camundongos inoculados com cercárias do Schistosoma mansoni, obtidas 40, 60, 80 e 120 dias após a infecção e processadas rotineiramente. As lâminas obtidas foram coradas pela HE para análise qualitativa e morfométrica do número e área dos granulomas e pelo MGP para quantificação de células apoptóticas. Os animais com 40 dias de inoculação possuíam menos granulomas/lâmina (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 11,78±4,01), com áreas pequenas (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 52.713,88±5.244,34<FONT FACE="Symbol">m</font>m²) e as menores médias de apoptose (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 7,50±0.99). Os animais com 60 dias de inoculação tiveram os maiores granulomas (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 114.851,20±5.517,20mim²), em maior número (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 92,88±10,62) e freqüente apoptose (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 18,73±1,35). Os com 80 dias de inoculação apresentaram diminuição no tamanho dos granulomas (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 89.305,57±6.162,79mim²), mas grande quantidade deles (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 131,09±15,60) e freqüência maior de apoptose (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 19,93±1,49). Com 120 dias, a apoptose continuou freqüente (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 19,84±1,88), os granulomas eram mais numerosos (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 231,20±34,57), porém menores (<img src="http:/img/fbpe/abmvz/v52n6/a06img01.gif" alt="a06img01.gif (532 bytes)" align="absmiddle" > ou = 41.556,58±2.043,60mim²). A ocorrência de apoptose ajuda a explicar a redução na celularidade e a conseqüente diminuição da área dos granulomas. A apoptose foi confirmada histologicamente pela técnica de "tunel". Assim, a apoptose participa da modulação do fenômeno inflamatório do tipo granulomatoso, reacional à embolização de ovos do parasito no fígado. Com a evolução da doença, desenvolve-se uma tolerância imunológica aos antígenos do ovo do Schistosoma mansoni, evidenciada morfologicamente pela diminuição da área média dos granulomas e pela maior freqüência de apoptose nas células componentes do granuloma.
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Heynick, Frank. "Gif-pasta." Tandartspraktijk 28, no. 7 (July 2007): 647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03073191.
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Lenderink, Annet F. "Alles is gif en niets is geen gif." Bijblijven 32, no. 10 (October 31, 2016): 628–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12414-016-0183-9.
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Nakano, T., Y. Ishii, and K. Ishizaka. "Biochemical characterization of antigen-specific glycosylation-inhibiting factor from antigen-specific suppressor T cells. I. Identification of a 55-kilodalton glycosylation-inhibiting factor peptide with TCR alpha-chain determinant." Journal of Immunology 156, no. 5 (March 1, 1996): 1728–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.156.5.1728.
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Abstract Stimulation of OVA-specific suppressor T cell (Ts) hybridoma and bee venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-specific Ts hybridoma with Ag-pulsed APC or by cross-linking of CD3 resulted in the formation of Ag-specific glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF). Affinity-purified Ag-specific GIF preparations, obtained by using Ag-coupled Sepharose or anti-TCR alpha-chain-coupled Affi-Gel, contained a 55-kDa peptide, which bound both polyclonal anti-GIF Abs and anti-TCR-alpha mAb in immunoblotting. The same hybridomas constitutively secrete 13-kDa bioactive GIF peptide that has no affinity for homologous Ag, but neither the Ag-specific GIF activity nor 55-kDa GIF peptide was detectable in culture supernatants of unstimulated cells. Northern blot analysis of mRNA from the anti-CD3-stimulated hybridoma with 32P-labeled GIF cDNA revealed only 0.6 kb mRNA, which encodes the 13-kDa nonspecific GIF. No mRNA of the 55-kDa GIF was detectable. A representative OVA-specific Th hybridoma, DO 11.10 cells contain the 0.6 kb GIF mRNA and constitutively secrete inactive GIF peptide. However, the Th hybridoma failed to secrete the 55-kDa peptide or any peptide with the TCR-alpha determinant upon stimulation with anti-CD3. It appears that the formation of the 55-kDa peptide with the TCR-alpha determinant is unique for a subset of T cells including Ts cells that form bioactive GIF.
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Watanabe, Miyu, Kyoka Kawaguchi, Yusuke Nakamura, Kyoji Furuta, and Hiroshi Takemori. "GIF-2209, an Oxindole Derivative, Accelerates Melanogenesis and Melanosome Secretion via the Modification of Lysosomes in B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells." Molecules 27, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010177.
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Melanogenesis and melanosome secretion are regulated by several mechanisms. In this study, we found that the oxindole derivative GIF-2209 accelerated melanogenesis associated with the discrimination in the expression and intracellular distributions of two melanogenic enzymes, tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TYRP-1). GIF-2209 upregulated the expression of TYR via a microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF)-independent mechanism, leading to high expression of protein. In contrast, GIF-2209 did not alter the mRNA levels of TYRP-1 and suppressed its protein levels. GIF-2209 induced the dissociation of TYR from TYRP-1 but did not alter the association between TYR and CD63, a melanosome and lysosome marker. The protein levels of CD63 were also upregulated by GIF-2209. GIF-2209 induced lysosome expansion and redistribution in all areas of the cytosol, accompanied by autophagy acceleration (upregulation of LC3BII protein levels and downregulation of p62 protein levels). In addition, GIF-2209 stimulated the secretion of melanosomes containing high levels of TYR, TYRP-1, and CD63 proteins. The GIF-2209 mediated melanosome secretion was sensitive to the lysosome inhibitor chloroquine. These results suggest that GIF-2209 may activate lysosomal functions with TYR gene expression, while it accelerates melanosome secretion, which finally leads to the depletion of intracellular melanogenic enzyme, especially TYRP-1 protein.
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HARVEY, REESE, and BLAINE LAWSON. "Lefschetz-Pontrjagin duality for differential characters." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 73, no. 2 (June 2001): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652001000200001.
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A theory of differential characters is developed for manifolds with boundary. This is done from both the Cheeger-Simons and the deRham-Federer viewpoints. The central result of the paper is the formulation and proof of a Lefschetz-Pontrjagin Duality Theorem, which asserts that the pairing <img src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/fo1.gif" alt="fo1.gif (867 bytes)"> given by (alpha, beta) <img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/m1img7.gif"> (alpha * beta) [X] induces isomorphisms <img src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/fo2.gif" alt="fo2.gif (1110 bytes)"> <img src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/fo3.gif" alt="fo3.gif (1086 bytes)"> onto the smooth Pontrjagin duals. In particular, <img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/m1img13.gif"> and <img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/m1img13a.gif"> are injective with dense range in the group of all continuous homomorphisms into the circle. A coboundary map is introduced which yields a long sequence for the character groups associated to the pair (X, <img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/m1img14.gif">X). The relation of the sequence to the duality mappings is analyzed.
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Tomura, Takafumi, Hiroshi Watarai, Nakayuki Honma, Masahiro Sato, Akihiro Iwamatsu, Yoichi Kato, Ryota Kuroki, Tatsumi Nakano, Toshifumi Mikayama, and Kimishige Ishizaka. "Immunosuppressive Activities of Recombinant Glycosylation -Inhibiting Factor Mutants." Journal of Immunology 162, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.162.1.195.
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Abstract We have shown previously that glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF) in culture supernatants of suppressor T cell (Ts) hybridomas had bioactivity, while the same cells contained a substantial quantity of inactive GIF in cytosol. Mass-spectrometric analysis of GIF in the culture supernatant and cytosol of a Ts hybridoma provided direct evidence that GIF protein was posttranslationally modified in the Ts cells, and that the GIF bioactivity is associated with the posttranslationally modified species. Assuming that conformational changes induced by the posttranslational modifications are responsible for generation of bioactivity, we constructed cysteine mutants of human rGIF (rhGIF) in which cysteine at position 57, 60, or 81 was replaced with Ala, and the mutants were expressed in Escherichia coli. Replacement of Cys57 or Cys60 with Ala resulted in generation of bioactivity, while replacement of Cys81 with Ala failed to do so. It was also found that replacement of Cys57 with Ala and carboxymethylation of a sulfhydryl group in Cys60 synergistically increased the GIF bioactivity of the GIF derivatives. A mutated GIF protein, in which Cys57 and Asn106 in the rhGIF were replaced with Ala and Ser, respectively, had immunosuppressive effects on the IgE and IgG1 Ab responses of BDF1 mice to DNP-OVA, while wild-type rhGIF did not. Evidence was obtained that the mutated GIF suppressed Ag priming of Th cells for the Ab responses and proliferative response.
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Iwata, M., K. Katamura, A. Mori, K. Yamagushi, H. Grey, and K. Ishizaka. "Association of glycosylation-inhibiting factor with plasma membranes of T suppressor cell hybridomas." Journal of Immunology 145, no. 11 (December 1, 1990): 3578–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.145.11.3578.
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Abstract The glycosylation inhibiting factor (GIF) was detected in EGTA extracts of the OVA-specific Ts cell hybridoma, 231F1 cells and 71B4 cells, which constitutively secrete GIF. The lymphokine in both culture supernatants and EGTA extracts failed to bind to OVA-Sepharose. Association of GIF with the plasma membrane was confirmed by surface labeling of the 231F1 cells with 125I. The major species of GIF in the extract was 14.4-kDa peptide as determined by SDS-PAGE, and was identical to that detected in culture supernatants. Pretreatment of the cells with monoclonal anti-GIF switched the cells from the formation of unglycosylated IgE-BF to the formation of glycosylated IgE-BF, indicating that the membrane-associated GIF is involved in the determination of the nature of IgE-binding factor during their biosynthesis. When the hybridoma was stimulated with OVA-pulsed APC, EGTA extracts of the cells contained GIF having affinity for OVA. The binding of the OVA-binding GIF in the EGTA extracts to OVA-Sepharose was inhibited by a synthetic peptide, which corresponds to amino acid residues 307-317 in the OVA molecule and represents the epitope recognized by TCR on the cells. The OVA-binding GIF in the extracts bound to the monoclonal anti-TCR-alpha chain, H-28-710 and the mAb 14-12, which is specific for the Ag-binding chain of effector type suppressor factor, and suppressed the in vivo antibody response of BDF1 mice to DNP-OVA in a carrier-specific manner. Evidence was obtained that indicated that the Ag-binding chain was associated with nonspecific GIF chain on the cell surface of the Ag-stimulated cells.
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Souza, Joana Dourado França de, and Edvaldo Souza Couto. "Felicidade em gif." ETD - Educação Temática Digital 22, no. 4 (November 9, 2020): 931–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/etd.v22i4.8655338.
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O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa e teve como objetivo discutir usos e interações de perfis de jovens no Instagram por meio de publicações de GIFs na função Stories, recurso para compartilhamento de fotos e vídeos com duração de 24 horas na memória do aplicativo. O principal argumento é que esse grupo de jovens usufrui de saberes, de pedagogias que circulam nas mídias sociais digitais para performar a felicidade experimentada e/ou inventada no Instagram Stories. A fundamentação teórica considerou estudos nos campos das pedagogias culturais, da cibercultura aplicada à educação, notadamente, os estudos relacionados às redes sociais digitais e a era da mobilidade. O método utilizado foi o da pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e analítica, de cunho netnográfico. O artigo conclui que os jovens estudados performam as experiências de felicidade vividas por meio de GIFs no Instagram Stories e, desta forma, trazem à tona pedagogias que constituem a funcionalidade e a rede social em questão.
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Stavropoulos, Pericles, Remle Çelenligil-Çetin, and Amy E. Tapper. "The Gif Paradox." Accounts of Chemical Research 34, no. 9 (September 2001): 745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar000100+.
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DiZio, Paul, Richard Held, James R. Lackner, Barbara Shinn-Cunningham, and Nathaniel Durlach. "Gravitoinertial Force Magnitude and Direction Influence Head-Centric Auditory Localization." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 2455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.6.2455.
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We measured the influence of gravitoinertial force (GIF) magnitude and direction on head-centric auditory localization to determine whether a true audiogravic illusion exists. In experiment 1, supine subjects adjusted computer-generated dichotic stimuli until they heard a fused sound straight ahead in the midsagittal plane of the head under a variety of GIF conditions generated in a slow-rotation room. The dichotic stimuli were constructed by convolving broadband noise with head-related transfer function pairs that model the acoustic filtering at the listener's ears. These stimuli give rise to the perception of externally localized sounds. When the GIF was increased from 1 to 2 g and rotated 60° rightward relative to the head and body, subjects on average set an acoustic stimulus 7.3° right of their head's median plane to hear it as straight ahead. When the GIF was doubled and rotated 60° leftward, subjects set the sound 6.8° leftward of baseline values to hear it as centered. In experiment 2, increasing the GIF in the median plane of the supine body to 2 g did not influence auditory localization. In experiment 3, tilts up to 75° of the supine body relative to the normal 1 g GIF led to small shifts, 1–2°, of auditory setting toward the up ear to maintain a head-centered sound localization. These results show that head-centric auditory localization is affected by azimuthal rotation and increase in magnitude of the GIF and demonstrate that an audiogravic illusion exists. Sound localization is shifted in the direction opposite GIF rotation by an amount related to the magnitude of the GIF and its angular deviation relative to the median plane.
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Wehrle, Franziska, Sandra Renzullo, Anja Faust, Martin Beer, Volker Kaden, and Martin A. Hofmann. "Chimeric pestiviruses: candidates for live-attenuated classical swine fever marker vaccines." Journal of General Virology 88, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 2247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.82798-0.
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The use of attenuated classical swine fever virus (CSFV) strains as live vaccines is no longer allowed for the control of classical swine fever in Europe, due to the inability to differentiate between infected and vaccinated animals (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals; DIVA), except as emergency vaccines or as bait vaccines for wild boars. Thus, the establishment of a DIVA vaccine(s) is of pivotal importance for the control of this infectious disease. In this study, recombinant versions of the live-attenuated vaccine strain CSFV Riems were generated by replacing parts of the E2 gene with the corresponding sequence of border disease virus strain Gifhorn. Three cDNA clones were constructed: pRiems-ABC-Gif, pRiems-A-Gif and pRiems-BC-Gif. Infectious particles were obtained from clones pRiems-ABC-Gif and pRiems-BC-Gif only, whereas transfected RNA from clone pRiems-A-Gif behaved like a replicon. Based on its ability to be differentiated in vitro from wild-type CSFV by mAbs, vRiems-ABC-Gif was assessed for immunogenicity and protection against challenge infection in pigs. Before challenge, no CSFV-specific anti-E2 antibodies could be detected with commercial E2-blocking ELISAs in vRiems-ABC-Gif-vaccinated animals, whereas vRiems-vaccinated pigs developed high titres of anti-E2 antibodies, confirming the marker properties of this vaccine candidate. After oral vaccination, only partial protection against challenge infection was observed in the vRiems-ABC-Gif vaccinees, whereas all intramuscularly vaccinated animals and all vRiems-vaccinated animals were fully protected. These experiments suggest that the strategy of exchanging specific antigenic epitopes among pestiviruses is a promising tool for the development of new CSFV marker vaccines.
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Jericó, Márcia Marques, Berenice Bilharino de Mendonça, Mary Otsuka, Aristides Maganin Jr, and Carlos Eduardo Larsson. "NON-RADIOMETRIC IMMUNOASSAYS [FLUOROIMMUNOASSAY (FIA) AND FLUOROMETRIC ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY (FEIA)] WITH RADIOIMMUNOASSAY (RIA) FOR EVALUATION OF ADRENAL FUNCTION IN NORMAL AND HYPERCORTISOLEMIC DOGS." Ciência Rural 32, no. 2 (April 2002): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782002000200012.
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Non-radiometric immunoassays offer many advantages over radiometric assays, such as higher stability of kit compounds and absence of potential hazardous effects for users and environment. The comparison of cortisol measurements by fluoroimmunoassay (FIA) and fluorometric enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) with radioimmunoassay (RIA) in adrenal function evaluation of normal (n=50) and hypercortisolemic dogs (n=12) was proposed. Serum concentrations of cortisol were measured in basal conditions and 8 hours after dexamethasone (DEX) suppression (0.01mg/kg/IV). All our reference values were based on the 5th and 95th percentile. The values for basal cortisol of healthy dogs were 0.20 to 2.35mug/d<img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v32n2/a12img01.gif"> for FIA, 0.30 to 5.39mug/d<img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v32n2/a12img01.gif"> for FEIA, and 0.65 to 4.64mug/d<img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v32n2/a12img01.gif"> for RIA. After DEX suppression the values were <0.87mug/d<img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v32n2/a12img01.gif">, <0.30mug/d<img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v32n2/a12img01.gif"> and < 0.80mug/d<img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v32n2/a12img01.gif"> for FIA, FEIA and RIA, respectively. In hypercortisolemic dogs, the values of cortisol (mean ± SD) in basal and post-DEX conditions were 2.71 + 0.41mug/d<img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v32n2/a12img01.gif"> and 1.73 + 1.15mug/d<img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v32n2/a12img01.gif"> for FIA, 7.05 + 2.85mug/d<img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v32n2/a12img01.gif"> and 4.93 + 2.26mug/d<img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v32n2/a12img01.gif"> for FEIA, and 4.80 + 1.43mug/d<img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v32n2/a12img01.gif"> and 3.52 + 1.08mug/d<img SRC="http:/img/fbpe/cr/v32n2/a12img01.gif"> for RIA. Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between the normal and the hypercortisolemic groups (Kruskal-Wallis test) were observed in the three methods, and between basal and post-DEX values (Wilcoxon test) using RIA and FEIA methods but not with FIA. Cortisol determinations by FEIA and RIA methods at DEX suppression test showed 100% of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs. The results demonstrate that serum cortisol concentrations measurements by FEIA is a suitable alternative to the traditional RIA method for adrenal function evaluation in dogs.
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Zhang, Qian, Ren Qing-Dao-Er-Ji, and Na Li. "Research on Animated GIFs Emotion Recognition Based on ResNet-ConvGRU." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (September 30, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3143748.
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Animated Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) images have become an important part of network information interaction, and are one of the main characteristics of analyzing social media emotions. At present, most of the research on GIF affection recognition fails to make full use of spatial-temporal characteristics of GIF images, which limits the performance of model recognition to a certain extent. A GIF emotion recognition algorithm based on ResNet-ConvGRU is proposed in this paper. First, GIF data is preprocessed, converting its image sequences to static image format for saving. Then, the spatial features of images and the temporal features of static image sequences are extracted with ResNet and ConvGRU networks, respectively. At last, the animated GIFs data features are synthesized and the seven emotional intensities of GIF data are calculated. The GIFGIF dataset is used to verify the experiment. From the experimental results, the proposed animated GIFs emotion recognition model based on ResNet-ConvGRU, compared with the classical emotion recognition algorithms such as VGGNet-ConvGRU, ResNet3D, CNN-LSTM, and C3D, has a stronger feature extraction ability, and sentiment classification performance. This method provides a finer-grained analysis for the study of public opinion trends and a new idea for affection recognition of GIF data in social media.
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MOVASATI, HOSSEIN. "On deformation of foliations with a center in the projective space." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 73, no. 2 (June 2001): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652001000200004.
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Let <img ALIGN="BOTTOM" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/m4img1.gif"> be a foliation in the projective space of dimension two with a first integral of the type <img ALIGN="MIDDLE" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/m4img2.gif">, where F and G are two polynomials on an affine coordinate, <img ALIGN="MIDDLE" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/m4img3.gif"> = <img ALIGN="MIDDLE" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/m4img4.gif"> and g.c.d.(p, q) = 1. Let z be a nondegenerate critical point of <img ALIGN="MIDDLE" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/m4img2.gif">, which is a center singularity of <img ALIGN="BOTTOM" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/m4img1.gif">, and <img src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/ft.gif" alt="ft.gif (149 bytes)" align="middle"> be a deformation of <img ALIGN="BOTTOM" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/m4img1.gif"> in the space of foliations of degree deg(<img ALIGN="BOTTOM" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/m4img1.gif">) such that its unique deformed singularity <img src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/zt.gif" alt="zt.gif (118 bytes)"> near z persists in being a center. We will prove that the foliation <img src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/ft.gif" alt="ft.gif (149 bytes)" align="middle"> has a first integral of the same type of <img ALIGN="BOTTOM" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n2/m4img1.gif">. Using the arguments of the proof of this result we will give a lower bound for the maximum number of limit cycles of real polynomial differential equations of a fixed degree in the real plane.
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Iwata, M., and K. Ishizaka. "Construction of antigen-specific suppressor T cell hybridomas from spleen cells of mice primed for the persistent IgE antibody formation." Journal of Immunology 141, no. 10 (November 15, 1988): 3270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.141.10.3270.
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Abstract Attempts were made to generate Ag-specific suppressor T cells from Ag-primed spleen cells by using glycosylation inhibiting factor (GIF). BDF1 mice were primed with alum-absorbed OVA and their spleen cells were stimulated with OVA. Ag-activated T cells were then propagated in IL-2-containing conditioned medium. Incubation of the T cells with OVA-pulsed syngeneic macrophages resulted in the formation of IgE-potentiating factor and glycosylation-enhancing factor that has affinity for OVA, i.e., OVA-specific glycosylation-enhancing factor. However, if the same Ag-activated splenic T cells were propagated in the IL-2-containing medium in the presence of GIF T cells obtained in the cultures formed IgE-suppressive factors and OVA-specific GIF on antigenic stimulation. Thus we constructed T cell hybridomas from the Ag-activated T cells propagated by IL-2 in the presence of GIF. A representative hybridoma, 71B4, formed OVA-specific GIF on incubation with OVA-pulsed macrophages of BDF1 mice or C57B1/6 mice. However, if the same hybridoma cells were incubated with OVA alone or with OVA-pulsed macrophages of H-2k or H-2d strains, they produced GIF that had no affinity for OVA. The OVA-specific GIF bound to OVA-Sepharose but did not bind to BSA-Sepharose or KLH Sepharose. Intravenous injections of the OVA-specific GIF from the hybridoma suppressed the IgE and IgG1 anti-DNP antibody response of BDF1 mice to DNP-OVA, but failed to suppress the anti-hapten antibody responses of the strain to DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin, indicating that the factors suppressed the antibody response in a carrier-specific manner. However, the same OVA-specific GIF failed to suppress the anti-hapten antibody response of DBA/1 mice to DNP-OVA, suggesting that the immunosuppressive effects of the factors is MHC restricted.
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Akasaki, M., P. Jardieu, and K. Ishizaka. "Immunosuppressive effects of glycosylation inhibiting factor on the IgE and IgG antibody response." Journal of Immunology 136, no. 9 (May 1, 1986): 3172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.136.9.3172.
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Abstract Glycosylation inhibiting factor (GIF) was purified from culture filtrates of a T cell hybridoma, 23A4, by affinity chromatography on anti-lipomodulin Sepharose. The factor exhibited phospholipase inhibitory activity upon dephosphorylation. Immunization of BDF1 mice with aluminum hydroxide gel (alum)-absorbed dinitrophenyl derivatives of ovalbumin (DNP-OA) resulted in persistent IgE and IgG antibody formation. However, repeated injections of the affinity-purified GIF into the DNP-OA-primed mice beginning on the day of priming prevented the primary anti-hapten antibody responses of both the IgE and the IgG1 isotypes. Treatment with GIF also diminished on-going IgE antibody formation in the DNP-OA-primed mice. The treatment changed the nature of IgE-binding factors formed by BDF1 spleen cells. Incubation of spleen cells from OA + alum-primed mice with OA resulted in the formation of IgE-potentiating factor, whereas spleen cells of OA-primed, GIF-treated mice formed IgE-suppressive factor upon antigenic stimulation. It was also found that Lyt-2+ T cells in the OA-primed, GIF-treated mouse spleen cells released GIF, which had affinity for OA and bore I-Jb determinant(s). Transfer of a Lyt-1+ cell-depleted fraction of the OA-primed, GIF-treated mouse spleen cells into naive syngeneic animals resulted in suppression of the primary anti-DNP IgE antibody response of the recipients to alum-absorbed DNP-OA, but failed to affect the anti-DNP antibody response to DNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The results indicate that GIF treatment during the primary response to OA facilitated the generation of antigen-specific suppressor T cells.
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Deane, David, Colin J. McInnes, Ann Percival, Ann Wood, Jackie Thomson, Andrea Lear, Janice Gilray, Stephen Fleming, Andrew Mercer, and David Haig. "Orf Virus Encodes a Novel Secreted Protein Inhibitor of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Interleukin-2." Journal of Virology 74, no. 3 (February 1, 2000): 1313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.3.1313-1320.2000.
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ABSTRACT The parapoxvirus orf virus encodes a novel soluble protein inhibitor of ovine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). The GM-CSF- and IL-2-inhibitory factor (GIF) gene was expressed as an intermediate-late viral gene in orf virus-infected cells. GIF formed homodimers and tetramers in solution, and it bound ovine GM-CSF with a Kd of 369 pM and ovine IL-2 with a Kd of 1.04 nM. GIF did not bind human GM-CSF or IL-2 in spite of the fact that orf virus is a human pathogen. GIF was detected in afferent lymph plasma draining the skin site of orf virus reinfection and was associated with reduced levels of lymph GM-CSF. GIF expression by orf virus indicates that GM-CSF and IL-2 are important in host antiviral immunity.
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Freixes, Marc, Luis Joglar-Ongay, Joan Claudi Socoró, and Francesc Alías-Pujol. "Evaluation of Glottal Inverse Filtering Techniques on OPENGLOT Synthetic Male and Female Vowels." Applied Sciences 13, no. 15 (July 29, 2023): 8775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13158775.
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Current articulatory-based three-dimensional source–filter models, which allow the production of vowels and diphtongs, still present very limited expressiveness. Glottal inverse filtering (GIF) techniques can become instrumental to identify specific characteristics of both the glottal source signal and the vocal tract transfer function to resemble expressive speech. Several GIF methods have been proposed in the literature; however, their comparison becomes difficult due to the lack of common and exhaustive experimental settings. In this work, first, a two-phase analysis methodology for the comparison of GIF techniques based on a reference dataset is introduced. Next, state-of-the-art GIF techniques based on iterative adaptive inverse filtering (IAIF) and quasi closed phase (QCP) approaches are thoroughly evaluated on OPENGLOT, an open database specifically designed to evaluate GIF, computing well-established GIF error measures after extending male vowels with their female counterparts. The results show that GIF methods obtain better results on male vowels. The QCP-based techniques significantly outperform IAIF-based methods for almost all error metrics and scenarios and are, at the same time, more stable across sex, phonation type, F0, and vowels. The IAIF variants improve the original technique for most error metrics on male vowels, while QCP with spectral tilt compensation achieves a lower spectral tilt error for male vowels than the original QCP.
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Chaves, Lázaro J., and José B. de Miranda Filho. "Predicting variety composite means without diallel crossing." Brazilian Journal of Genetics 20, no. 3 (September 1997): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-84551997000300023.
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Prediction of variety composite means was shown to be feasible without diallel crossing the parental varieties. Thus, the predicted mean for a quantitative trait of a composite is given by: Yk = a1 sigmaVj + a2sigmaTj + a3<IMG SRC="Image156.gif" WIDTH=16 HEIGHT=18> - a4<IMG SRC="Image157.gif" WIDTH=14 HEIGHT=17>, with coefficients a1 = (n - 2k)/k²(n - 2); a2 = 2n(k - 1)/k²(n - 2); a3 = n(k - 1)/k(n - 1)(n - 2); and a4 = n²(k - 1)/k(n - 1)(n - 2); summation is for j = 1 to k, where k is the size of the composite (number of parental varieties of a particular composite) and n is the total number of parent varieties. Vj is the mean of varieties and Tj is the mean of topcrosses (pool of varieties as tester), and <IMG SRC="Image158.gif" WIDTH=16 HEIGHT=18>and <IMG SRC="Image159.gif" WIDTH=14 HEIGHT=17>are the respective average values in the whole set. Yield data from a 7 x 7 variety diallel cross were used for the variety means and for the "simulated" topcross means to illustrate the proposed procedure. The proposed prediction procedure was as effective as the prediction based on Yk = <IMG SRC="Image160.gif" WIDTH=16 HEIGHT=17>- (<IMG SRC="Image161.gif" WIDTH=16 HEIGHT=17> -<IMG SRC="Image156.gif" WIDTH=16 HEIGHT=18>)/k, where <IMG SRC="Image161.gif" WIDTH=16 HEIGHT=17>and <IMG SRC="Image158.gif" WIDTH=16 HEIGHT=18>refer to the mean of hybrids (F1) and parental varieties, respectively, in a variety diallel cross. It was also shown in the analysis of variance that the total sum of squares due to treatments (varieties and topcrosses) can be orthogonally partitioned following the reduced model Yjj’ = mu + ½(v j + v j’) + <IMG SRC="Image162.gif" WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=18>+ h j+ h j’, thus making possible an F test for varieties, average heterosis and variety heterosis. Least square estimates of these effects are also given
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Abreu, Suzankelly Cunha Arruda de, Daniel Furtado Ferreira, Fábio de Lima Gurgel, and Ângela de Fátima Barbosa Abreu. "Extensão bivariada do índice de confiabilidade univariado para avaliação da estabilidade fenotípica." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 28, no. 5 (October 2004): 1047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542004000500011.
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Com o presente trabalho, objetiva-se realizar a derivação teórica da extensão bivariada dos métodos de Annicchiarico (1992) e Annicchiarico et al. (1995) para estudar a estabilidade fenotípica. A partir dos ensaios com <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n5/a11res01.gif" align=texttop>genótipos em <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n5/a11res02.gif" align=texttop>ambientes e mensurações de duas variáveis, cada genótipo teve seu valor padronizado com relação a cada variável k = 1, 2. Essa padronização foi realizada em função da média do ambiente, da seguinte forma: Wijk = Yijk/<img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n5/a11res03.gif" align=top>×100 ; em que Wijk representa o valor padronizado do genótipo i, no ambiente j para a variável k; <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n5/a11res04.gif" align=top>representa a média observada do genótipo <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n5/a11res05.gif" align=texttop>, no ambiente <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n5/a11res06.gif" align=texttop>para a variável k e <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n5/a11res07.gif" align=texttop>, a média de todos genótipos para o ambiente <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n5/a11res06.gif" align=texttop>e variável k. Com os valores padronizados foram estimados o vetor média e a matriz de variância e covariância de cada genótipo. Foi obtida a derivação teórica da extensão bivariada do índice de risco (Ii) de Annicchiarico com sucesso e foi proposto um segundo índice de risco baseado nas probabilidades bivariada (Prb i); os dois índices apresentaram grande concordância nos resultados obtidos em um exemplo ilustrativo com genótipos de melões.
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Brett, Benjamin L., Samuel R. Walton, Zachery Y. Kerr, Lindsay D. Nelson, Avinash Chandran, J. D. Defreese, Ruben J. Echemendia, Kevin M. Guskiewicz, William P. Meehan III, and Michael A. McCrea. "Distinct latent profiles based on neurobehavioural, physical and psychosocial functioning of former National Football League (NFL) players: an NFL-LONG Study." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 92, no. 3 (January 22, 2021): 282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-324244.
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ObjectiveTo identify subgroups of former National Football League (NFL) players using latent profile analysis (LPA) and examine their associations with total years of participation (TYP) and self-reported lifetime sport-related concussion history (SR-CHx).MethodsFormer NFL players (N=686) aged 50–70 years, with an average 18.0 TYP (±4.5) completed a questionnaire. SR-CHx distributions included: low (0–3; n=221); intermediate (4–8; n=209) and high (9+; n=256). LPA measures included: Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders Emotional–Behavioral Dyscontrol, Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Cognitive Function, Emotional Support, Self-Efficacy, Meaning and Purpose, Physical Function, Pain Interference, Participation in Social Roles and Activities, Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, and Sleep Disturbance. Demographic, medical/psychiatric history, current psychosocial stressors, TYP and SR-CHx were compared across latent profiles (LPs).ResultsA five profile solution emerged: (LP1) global higher functioning (GHF; 26.5%); (LP2) average functioning (10.2%); (LP3) mild somatic (pain and physical functioning) concerns (22.0%); (LP4) somatic and cognitive difficulties with mild anxiety (SCA; 27.5%); LP5) global impaired functioning (GIF; 13.8%). The GIF and SCA groups reported the largest number ofe- medical/psychiatric conditions and higher psychosocial stressor levels. SR-CHx was associated with profile group (χ2(8)=100.38, p<0.001); with a higher proportion of GIF (72.6%) and SCA (43.1%) groups reporting being in the high SR-CHx category, compared with GHF (23.1%), average (31.4%) and somatic (27.8%) groups. TYP was not significantly associated with group (p=0.06), with greater TYP reported by the GHF group.ConclusionsFive distinct profiles of self-reported functioning were identified among former NFL players. Several comorbid factors (ie, medical/psychiatric diagnoses and psychosocial stressors) and SR-CHx were associated with greater neurobehavioural and psychosocial dysfunction.
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Jiang, Fangyun, Xiaoping Fu, Kai Kuang, and Dan Fan. "Artificial Intelligence Algorithm-Based Differential Diagnosis of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis by CT Image." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (April 4, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3871994.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-dose CT enterography (CTE) based on modified guided image filtering (GIF) algorithm in the differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Methods. One hundred and twenty patients with suspected diagnosis of IBD were studied. They were randomly divided into control group (routine CT examination) and observation group (low-dose CTE examination based on improved GIF algorithm), with 60 cases in each group. Comprehensive diagnosis was used as the standard to assess the diagnostic effect. Results. (1) The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) (26.02 dB) and structural similarity (SSIM) (0.8921) of the algorithm were higher than those of GIF (17.22 dB/0.8491), weighted guided image filtering (WGIF) (23.78 dB/0.8489), and gradient domain guided image filtering (GGIF) (23.77 dB/0.7567) ( P < 0.05 ); (2) the diagnostic sensitivity (91.49%), specificity (92.31%), accuracy (91.67%), positive predictive value (97.73%), and negative predictive value (75%) of the observation group were higher than those of the control group ( P < 0.05 ); the sensitivity and specificity of CTE in the diagnosis of UD and CD were 96.77% and 81.25% and 98.33% and 93.33%, respectively ( P < 0.05 ); there were significant differences in symmetrical intestinal wall thickening and smooth serosal surface between UD and CD ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. (1) The improved GIF algorithm has a more effective application value in the denoising processing of low-dose CT images and can better improve the image quality; (2) the accuracy of CTE in the diagnosis of IBD is high, and CTE is of great value in the differential diagnosis of UD and CD.
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OSTWALD, RENATA N. "On the existence of Levi Foliations." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 73, no. 1 (March 2001): 07–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652001000100002.
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Let L <img src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n1/0059c.gif"> <img src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n1/0059c2.gif"> be a real 3 dimensional analytic variety. For each regular point p <img src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n1/0059e.gif"> L there exists a unique complex line l p on the space tangent to L at p. When the field of complex line p <img ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n1/0059img4.gif" ALT="$\displaystyle \mapsto$"> l p is completely integrable, we say that L is Levi variety. More generally; let L <img src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n1/0059c.gif"> M be a real subvariety in an holomorphic complex variety M. If there exists a real 2 dimensional integrable distribution on L which is invariant by the holomorphic structure J induced by M, we say that L is a Levi variety. We shall prove: Theorem. Let <img ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n1/0059img5.gif" ALT="$ \cal {L}$"> be a Levi foliation and let <img ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n1/0059img6.gif" ALT="$ \cal {F}$"> be the induced holomorphic foliation. Then, <img ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n1/0059img6.gif" ALT="$ \cal {F}$"> admits a Liouvillian first integral. In other words, if <img ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n1/0059img5.gif" ALT="$ \cal {L}$"> is a 3 dimensional analytic foliation such that the induced complex distribution defines an holomorphic foliation <img ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n1/0059img6.gif" ALT="$ \cal {F}$">; that is, if <img ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n1/0059img5.gif" ALT="$ \cal {L}$"> is a Levi foliation; then <img ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n1/0059img6.gif" ALT="$ \cal {F}$"> admits a Liouvillian first integral--a function which can be constructed by the composition of rational functions, exponentiation, integration, and algebraic functions (Singer 1992). For example, if f is an holomorphic function and if theta is real a 1-form on <img ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n1/0059img8.gif" ALT="$ \mathbb {R}$">; then the pull-back of theta by f defines a Levi foliation <img ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n1/0059img5.gif" ALT="$ \cal {L}$"> : f*theta = 0 which is tangent to the holomorphic foliation <img ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" src="http:/img/fbpe/aabc/v73n1/0059img6.gif" ALT="$ \cal {F}$"> : df = 0. This problem was proposed by D. Cerveau in a meeting (see Fernandez 1997).
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Arboitte, Miguelangelo Ziegler, João Restle, Dari Celestino Alves Filho, Leonir Luiz Pascoal, Paulo Santana Pacheco, and Diogo Carvalho Soccal. "Características da carcaça de novilhos 5/8 Nelore-3/8 Charolês abatidos em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 33, no. 4 (August 2004): 969–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982004000400017.
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Foram avaliadas as características quantitativas das carcaças de novilhos 5/8 Nelore-3/8 Charolês terminados em confinamento até estes atingirem o peso médio de abate (P) de 425, 467 e 510 kg. Os novilhos apresentaram ao início do confinamento idade média de 660 dias, peso de 361 kg e estado corporal de 2,9 pontos. A dieta oferecida, com relação volumoso:concentrado de 60:40 na base matéria seca (MS), continha 10,25% de proteína bruta e 72,18% de nutrientes digestíveis totais. O volumoso foi silagem de milho contendo 46,5% de grãos na MS. O rendimento de carcaça fria (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22093s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > ou = 37,618+0,011Pi+0,028P) aumentou linearmente com o P. No entanto, quando o rendimento de carcaça foi expresso em relação ao peso de corpo vazio (PCV) este não foi influenciado pelo P. A espessura de gordura subcutânea na carcaça fria (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22093s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > ou = -15,499-0,001Pi+0,047P), expressa por 100 kg de carcaça fria (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22093s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > ou = -1,724-0,006Pi+0,013P) e PCV (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22093s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > ou = -1,124-0,003Pi+0,008P) aumentou com o avanço do P. A área do músculo Longissimus dorsi aumentou linearmente com o P (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22092s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > ou = -33,471 + 0,120Pi + 0,121P), no entanto, quando expresso por 100 kg de carcaça fria decresceu (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22093s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > ou = 45,173-0,023Pi-0,028P) e quando expresso por 100 kg de corpo vazio não foi influenciada pelo peso de abate. A porcentagem do corte serrote decresceu (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22092s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > ou = 63,007-0,001Pi-0,026P), enquanto a do costilhar elevou-se (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22093s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > ou = -3,053+0,005Pi+0,030P) com o aumento do P. A espessura de coxão (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22093s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > ou = 6,223+0,014Pi+0,0310P), comprimento de carcaça (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22093s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > ou = 58,564+0,0916Pi+0,075P), perna (Y=28,326+0,061Pi+0,050P) e perímetro de braço (<IMG SRC="/img/revistas/rbz/v33n4/22093s1.gif" WIDTH=11 HEIGHT=15 > ou = 9,173+0,053Pi+0,017P) foram influenciados positivamente pelo aumento do peso de abate dos animais. A conformação da carcaça não foi alterada pelo peso de abate.
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Jespersgaard, Christina, George Hajishengallis, Michael W. Russell, and Suzanne M. Michalek. "Identification and Characterization of a Nonimmunoglobulin Factor in Human Saliva That Inhibits Streptococcus mutans Glucosyltransferase." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 3 (March 2002): 1136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.3.1136-1142.2002.
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ABSTRACT Saliva contains an array of nonimmunoglobulin defense factors which are thought to contribute to the protection of the hard and soft tissue surfaces of the oral cavity by modulating microbial colonization and metabolism. Here we report the discovery of a putative innate defense factor in human saliva that inhibits the glucosyltransferase (GTF) of Streptococcus mutans, a virulence enzyme involved in oral colonization by this pathogen. The GTF-inhibiting factor (GIF) was initially identified as a nonimmunoglobulin salivary component that interfered with detection of antibodies to the glucan-binding region (GLU) of GTF by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This inhibitory activity was present in whole saliva and submandibular-sublingual saliva, but it was essentially absent from parotid saliva. GIF inhibited the recognition of S. mutans cell surface-associated GTF by specific antibodies but had no effect on antibodies to other cell surface antigens, suggesting that GIF specifically binds to GTF on S. mutans. GIF purified by size exclusion or affinity chromatography was used for biochemical and functional characterization. Analysis of GIF by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein after staining with Coomassie blue or Schiff's reagent. Heating and reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol of GIF resulted in the release of a ∼58-kDa protein that was identified as α-amylase by Western blotting using anti-α-amylase antibodies. GLU bound blotted α-amylase, suggesting that the latter molecule is the GLU-binding component of the GIF complex. The ability of GTF to synthesize extracellular glucans was inhibited by GIF but not by uncomplexed α-amylase or an unrelated high-molecular-weight glycoprotein. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that in human saliva, there is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein-α-amylase complex which is capable of inhibiting GTF and may contribute to control of S. mutans colonization in the oral cavity.
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Souza Jr., C. L., and J. S. C. Fernandes. "Predicting the range of inbreeding depression of inbred lines in cross-pollinated populations." Brazilian Journal of Genetics 20, no. 1 (March 1997): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-84551997000100007.
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The objectives of this paper were to derive the genetic variance of inbreeding depression (<img SRC="Image482.gif" WIDTH="48" HEIGHT="33"> ) and to predict the range of inbreeding depression (RID) in cross-pollinated populations. The variance of inbreeding depression is a function of the genetic variances related to dominance effects (<img SRC="Image483.gif" WIDTH="31" HEIGHT="33">, D2, and <img SRC="Image484.gif" WIDTH="21" HEIGHT="25">), and of the inbreeding coefficients of the two generations in which inbreeding depression is measured (Ft and Fg). The results showed that the higher the level of dominance of a trait, the higher the variance of inbreeding depression. The magnitudes of <img SRC="Image485.gif" WIDTH="48" HEIGHT="33">were expected to be lower in improved (mean gene frequencies = <img SRC="Image486.gif" WIDTH="16" HEIGHT="25">> 0.6) and in unimproved (<img SRC="Image487.gif" WIDTH="16" HEIGHT="25"> < 0.4) populations, than in composite populations (<img SRC="Image487.gif" WIDTH="16" HEIGHT="25"> <FONT FACE="Symbol">»</font> 0.5). Data from a maize population used to illustrate the study showed that the range of inbreeding depression in the S<FONT FACE="Symbol">¥</font> generation of selfing was from 48.7% to 85.3% for grain yield, and from 13.9% to 24.5% for plant height. A mating design outlined to estimate the genetic variance of inbreeding depression, the range of inbreeding depression, and of the range of inbred lines is presented.
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Брославська, Галина Михайлівна, and Яніна Олександрівна Матвєєва. "GIF-АНІМАЦІЯ – ЗАСІБ АКТИВІЗАЦІЇ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ." Formation of Competencies of Gifted Individuals in the System of Extracurricular and Higher Education, no. 1 (April 29, 2023): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2786-823.1.17487.
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У статті розкривається важливість застосування педагогами анімованих GIF-файлів на заняттях з метою покращення навчального процесу. Автори статті розглядають інструменти для створення викладачами та здобувачами освіти власних GIF-анімацій.
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Uematsu, Junichi, Mitsushige Sugimoto, Mariko Hamada, Eri Iwata, Ryota Niikura, Naoyoshi Nagata, Masakatsu Fukuzawa, Takao Itoi, and Takashi Kawai. "Efficacy of a Third-Generation High-Vision Ultrathin Endoscope for Evaluating Gastric Atrophy and Intestinal Metaplasia in Helicobacter pylori-Eradicated Patients." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 2198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11082198.
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Background: Image-enhanced endoscopy methods such as narrow-band imaging (NBI) are advantageous over white-light imaging (WLI) for detecting gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and cancer. Although new third-generation high-vision ultrathin endoscopes improve image quality and resolution over second-generation endoscopes, it is unclear whether the former also enhances color differences surrounding atrophy and intestinal metaplasia for endoscopic detection. We compared the efficacy of a new third-generation ultrathin endoscope and an older second-generation endoscope. Methods: We enrolled 50 Helicobacter pylori-eradicated patients who underwent transnasal endoscopy with a second-generation and third-generation endoscope (GIF-290N and GIF-1200N, respectively) in our retrospective study. Color differences based on the International Commission on Illumination 1976 (L*, a*, b*) color space were compared between second-generation and third-generation high-vision endoscopes. Results: Color differences surrounding atrophy produced by NBI on the GIF-1200N endoscope were significantly greater than those on GIF-290N (19.2 ± 8.5 vs. 14.4 ± 6.2, p = 0.001). In contrast, color differences surrounding intestinal metaplasia using both WLI and NBI were similar on GIF-1200N and GIF-290N endoscopes. NBI was advantageous over WLI for detecting intestinal metaplasia on both endoscopes. Conclusions: NBI using a third-generation ultrathin endoscope produced significantly greater color differences surrounding atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in H. pylori-eradicated patients compared with WLI.
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. "Cannabis: wonderkruid of gif?" Medisch-Farmaceutische Mededelingen 37, no. 5 (May 1999): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03057324.
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Tieger, Leah. "Ekphrasis for a GIF." Pleiades: Literature in Context 38, no. 2 (2018): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plc.2018.0122.
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Browning, John. "GIF us a Break." Scientific American 272, no. 3 (March 1995): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0395-40.
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Nunes, Ceile Cristina Ferreira, Augusto Ramalho de Morais, Joel Augusto Muniz, and Thelma Sáfadi. "Variâncias do ponto crítico de equações de regressão quadrática." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 28, no. 2 (April 2004): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542004000200020.
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Com o presente trabalho teve-se por objetivo a determinação de variâncias para o estudo do ponto crítico de uma equação de regressão de segundo grau, em situações experimentais com diferentes variâncias, por meio de simulação Monte Carlo. Em muitos estudos, teóricos ou aplicados, o pesquisador depara-se com o problema que envolve quociente entre variáveis aleatórias e, principalmente, entre variáveis normais. Como exemplo, aquelas que surgem em pesquisas de dose econômica de nutrientes em experimentos de adubação, de compactação de solos e em outros problemas em que há interesse na variável aleatória <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img01.gif">, estimador do ponto crítico na regressão <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img02.gif">. Para estudar a distribuição do ponto crítico de uma equação de regressão quadrática, foram utilizados dados de produção de algodão de 536 ensaios, ajustando-se um modelo quadrático. A estimação dos parâmetros foi feita pelo método dos quadrados mínimos ordinários. Com base nessas estimativas, implementou-se por meio do software MATLAB® uma rotina para simulação de duas séries com 5000 erros aleatórios de distribuição normal de média zero relativos a cada uma das variâncias consideradas teóricas: <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img03.gif" > ou = 0,1; 0,5; 1; 5; 10; 15; 20 e 50. As estimativas da variância do ponto crítico foram obtidas por meio de três métodos: (a) fórmula comum do cálculo de variâncias; (b) fórmula obtida pela diferenciação do estimador do ponto crítico e (c) fórmula demonstrada para o cálculo da variância de uma razão, considerando-se a covariância entre <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img04.gif"> e <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img05.gif">. Pelos resultados obtidos para as estatísticas médias dos coeficientes de regressão <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img04.gif"> e <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img05.gif">, bem como suas respectivas variâncias em função das diversas variâncias teóricas (<img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img03.gif">) adotadas, verificou-se que esses valores teóricos estão próximos aos reais. Ainda ocorre uma tendência de que, com o aumento da variância teórica, esses valores aumentem. Pode-se concluir que a variância do ponto crítico calculada usando-se a expressão que leva em consideração a covariância entre <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img04.gif"> e <img src="/img/revistas/cagro/v28n2/a20img05.gif"> apresenta resultados mais satisfatórios e que não segue uma distribuição normal, pois apresenta uma distribuição de freqüência com assimetria positiva e formato leptocúrtico.
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Kitamura, Shinji, Yutaka Nagasawa, Takashi Murakami, Kazunari Iseki, Itaru Kaji, Hiroyasu Iishi, Masaharu Tatsuta, and Shigeru Okuda. "Clinical Evaluation of New Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopes GIF-XQ30 and GIF-P30." Progress of Digestive Endoscopy(1972) 44 (1994): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11641/pdensks.44.0_156.
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Segovia, Covi, and Pablo Mondragón. "GIF: contracultura de masas (y marcas). La emoción compartida en entornos digitales." EME Experimental Illustration, Art & Design 7, no. 7 (May 31, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/eme.2019.11909.
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Todos sabemos como es un GIF. Debido a su inmensa popularidad y al gran calado que está logrando en ámbitos como el de la moda, el fenómeno del GIF requiere de una atención más exhaustiva. En este artículo profundizaremos en la naturaleza y evolución del fenómeno para luego hacer especial hincapié en su impacto dentro del mundo de la moda. Por último, nos atreveremos a especular sobre el futuro del GIF y en su adaptación a las próximas realidades inmersivas.
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Mansur, Henrique Novais, Natália Rodrigues dos Reis, Leandro de Oliveira Sant’Ana, and Jeferson Macedo Vianna. "Prevalência de sarcopenia em idosos fisicamente ativos e inativos: comparação de dois métodos de rastreamento." Revista de Educação Física / Journal of Physical Education 92, no. 2 (March 21, 2024): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.37310/ref.v92i2.2930.
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Introdução: A sarcopenia é uma síndrome geriátrica que precisa ser detectada precocemente. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de sarcopenia (SARC) em idosos fisicamente ativos e inativos, por meio de dois métodos distintos: o SARC-CalF – que utiliza a circunferência de panturrilha e o SARC-F. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, com amostra por conveniência, composto por 109 idosos, divididos dois grupos: ativos fisicamente (GAF, n=64) e inativos fisicamente (GIF, n=45). Além dos instrumentos de rastreamento, avaliou-se a sarcopenia pelo protocolo do Grupo Europeu de Sarcopenia em Idosos (EGOWSOP). Resultados: Ambos os grupos demonstraram maiores médias (0,35 e 0,57) em relação ao SARC-CalF. Houve diferença significativa no grupo GAF entre o SARC-CalF e o método padrão-ouro (p=0,0096). O grupo GIF apresentou diferença entre o SARC-CalF e padrão-ouro (p=0,0009) e de SARC-CalF para SARC-F (p<0,0001). Não houve diferença significativa na análise intergrupos relacionados aos métodos utilizados (p>0,05). Conclusão: SARC-CalF é mais eficiente quando avaliado em população idosa ativa fisicamente, já para uma maior precisão nos dois grupos, o SARC-F obteve um resultado melhor.
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Xu, Yi, Fan Bai, Yingxuan Shi, Qiuyu Chen, Longwen Gao, Kai Tian, Shuigeng Zhou, and Huyang Sun. "GIF Thumbnails: Attract More Clicks to Your Videos." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 4 (May 18, 2021): 3074–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i4.16416.
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With the rapid increase of mobile devices and online media, more and more people prefer posting/viewing videos online. Generally, these videos are presented on video streaming sites with image thumbnails and text titles. While facing huge amounts of videos, a viewer clicks through a certain video with high probability because of its eye-catching thumbnail. However, current video thumbnails are created manually, which is time-consuming and quality-unguaranteed. And static image thumbnails contain very limited information of the corresponding videos, which prevents users from successfully clicking what they really want to view. In this paper, we address a novel problem, namely GIF thumbnail generation, which aims to automatically generate GIF thumbnails for videos and consequently boost their Click-Through-Rate (CTR). Here, a GIF thumbnail is an animated GIF file consisting of multiple segments from the video, containing more information of the target video than a static image thumbnail. To support this study, we build the first GIF thumbnails benchmark dataset that consists of 1070 videos covering a total duration of 69.1 hours, and 5394 corresponding manually-annotated GIFs. To solve this problem, we propose a learning-based automatic GIF thumbnail generation model, which is called Generative Variational Dual-Encoder (GEVADEN). As not relying on any user interaction information (e.g. time-sync comments and real-time view counts), this model is applicable to newly-uploaded/rarely-viewed videos. Experiments on our built dataset show that GEVADEN significantly outperforms several baselines, including video-summarization and highlight-detection based ones. Furthermore, we develop a pilot application of the proposed model on an online video platform with 9814 videos covering 1231 hours, which shows that our model achieves a 37.5% CTR improvement over traditional image thumbnails. This further validates the effectiveness of the proposed model and the promising application prospect of GIF thumbnails.
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Ishii, Y., T. Nakano, and K. Ishizaka. "Biochemical characterization of antigen-specific glycosylation-inhibiting factor from antigen-specific suppressor T cells. II. The 55-kDa glycosylation-inhibiting factor peptide is a derivative of TCR alpha-chain and a subunit of antigen-specific glycosylation-inhibiting factor." Journal of Immunology 156, no. 5 (March 1, 1996): 1735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.156.5.1735.
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Abstract We isolated a unique TCR alpha-chain derived from the OVA-specific Ts hybridoma, 231F1. The TR alpha-chain consists of V alpha 11.3, a unique J alpha and a complete sequence of C alpha region. Transfection of the TCR-alpha cDNA into a TCR-alpha-, TCR-beta+ T cell line, 175.2, resulted in the expression of TCR-alpha beta, and the transfectant contained a 35-kDa peptide having the TCR- alpha-specific antigenic determinant. However, the stable transfectant failed to release a peptide with the TCR-alpha determinant upon stimulation with anti-CD3. In contrast, overexpression of the cDNA in the 231 F1 cells markedly increased the formation of the 55-kDa peptide, which reacted with both anti-glycosylation-inhibiting factor (GIF) and the mAb H28-710. Definitive evidence for the relationship between the 55-kDa peptide and the TCR alpha-chain was obtained by transfection of the cDNA of the TCR alpha-chain with histidine tag into the 231F1 cells. The 55 kDa GIF peptide formed by stable transfectants of the TCR-alpha-tag cDNA bound to Ni+-nitrilotriacetic acid-agarose. Upon stimulation with anti-CD3, a stable transfectant of the TCR-alpha cDNA formed OVA-specific GIF which contained the 55-kDa GIF peptide, and bound not only to anti-TCR-alpha column but also to anti-TCR-beta column. The results indicate that the OVA-specific GIF consists of the TCR-alpha+ 55-kDa GIF and another peptide with TCR-beta determinant. It was found that the association of the TCR-beta+ peptide with the 55-kDa GIF is required for binding of the factor to OVA, but not essential for the formation and release of the latter peptide.
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Alvarez Gonzalez, B., M. Bianco, E. Farina, P. Iengo, F. Kuger, T. Lin, L. Longo, et al. "Ageing Studies on the First Resistive-MicroMeGaS Quadruplet at GIF++ Preliminary Results." EPJ Web of Conferences 174 (2018): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817404002.
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A resistive-MicroMeGaS quadruplet built at CERN has been installed at the new CERN Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF++) with the aim of carrying out a long-term ageing study. Two smaller resistive bulk-MicroMeGaS produced at the CERN PCB workshop have also been installed at GIF++ in order to provide a comparison of the ageing behavior with the MicroMeGaS quadruplet. We give an overview of the ongoing tests at GIF++ in terms of particle rate, integrated charge and spatial resolution of the MicroMeGaS detectors.
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Kong, Lingyin, Jiangping Zhu, and Sancong Ying. "Local Stereo Matching Using Adaptive Cross-Region-Based Guided Image Filtering with Orthogonal Weights." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (May 7, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5556990.
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Adaptive cross-region-based guided image filtering (ACR-GIF) is a commonly used cost aggregation method. However, the weights of points in the adaptive cross-region (ACR) are generally not considered, which affects the accuracy of disparity results. In this study, we propose an improved cost aggregation method to address this issue. First, the orthogonal weight is proposed according to the structural feature of the ACR, and then the orthogonal weight of each point in the ACR is computed. Second, the matching cost volume is filtered using ACR-GIF with orthogonal weights (ACR-GIF-OW). In order to reduce the computing time of the proposed method, an efficient weighted aggregation computing method based on orthogonal weights is proposed. Additionally, by combining ACR-GIF-OW with our recently proposed matching cost computation method and disparity refinement method, a local stereo matching algorithm is proposed as well. The results of Middlebury evaluation platform show that, compared with ACR-GIF, the proposed cost aggregation method can significantly improve the disparity accuracy with less additional time overhead, and the performance of the proposed stereo matching algorithm outperforms other state-of-the-art local and nonlocal algorithms.
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Nishizawa, Toshihiro, Kosuke Sakitani, Hidekazu Suzuki, Tadahiro Yamakawa, Yoshiyuki Takahashi, Shuntaro Yoshida, Yousuke Nakai, et al. "Small-caliber endoscopes are more fragile than conventional endoscopes." Endoscopy International Open 07, no. 12 (December 2019): E1729—E1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1036-6186.
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Abstract Background and study aims The repair costs of gastrointestinal endoscopes account for a significant proportion of the total budget of an endoscopy unit. This study evaluated the repair costs of small-caliber endoscopes and conventional endoscopes used in esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Patients and methods A retrospective analysis of upper gastrointestinal endoscope damage and repair costs between April 2012 and May 2019 was performed at the Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic. Conventional endoscopes (GIF-H260, GIF-HQ290, and GIF-H290Z) were used for transoral EGD while small-caliber endoscopes (GIF-XP260N and GIF-XP290N) were used for transnasal or transoral EGD. Results Three small-caliber endoscopes and five conventional endoscopes were used for 1,031 procedures and 31,192 procedures, respectively. The number of procedures/damage incidence for small-caliber endoscope and conventional endoscopes was 344 and 1950, respectively. Damage incidence for small-caliber endoscopes was significantly higher than for conventional endoscopes (P = 0.014). Repair costs/procedure were $ 5.95 ± $132 for small-caliber endoscopes and $2.41 ± $115 for conventional endoscopes. Repair costs/procedure for small-caliber endoscopes were more than twice those for conventional endoscopes. Conclusions Small-caliber endoscopes are more fragile than conventional endoscopes.