Relevant bibliographies by topics / Gift exchange theory

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Gift exchange theory'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Gift exchange theory"

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Bang, Peter Fibiger. "Gift-Exchange." Classical Review 55, no. 2 (October 2005): 579–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clrevj/bni316.

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Duffy, John, and Daniela Puzzello. "Gift Exchange versus Monetary Exchange: Theory and Evidence." American Economic Review 104, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 1735–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.6.1735.

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We study the Lagos and Wright (2005) model of monetary exchange in the laboratory. With a finite population of sufficiently patient agents, this model has a unique monetary equilibrium and a continuum of non-monetary gift exchange equilibria, some of which Pareto dominate the monetary equilibrium. We find that subjects avoid the gift exchange equilibria in favor of the monetary equilibrium. We also study versions of the model without money where all equilibria involve non-monetary gift exchange. We find that welfare is higher in the model with money than without money, suggesting that money plays a role as an efficiency enhancing coordination device. ( JEL C92, D12, E40, Z13)
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Emelyanov, Nikolay, and Greg Yudin. "Structural Position of the Priest in Gift-Exchange Systems." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 17, no. 3 (2018): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2018-3-9-29.

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In this paper, we argue that the priest has a unique structural position to initiate and promote gift exchange. Gift exchange is an important mode of economic integration, one that prevents both cutthroat competition and a parasitic dependence on a centralized hierarchy. In dwelling on gift exchange theory, we demonstrate why the promotion of gifts is largely suppressed nowadays: Marcel Mauss’ second imperative of the gift, that is, the obligation to receive gifts, becomes inoperative under neoliberal capitalism. We rely on Marshall Sahlins’ and Chris Gregory’s analyses to argue that gift giving can be de-blocked by introducing the position of the ‘excluded participant’ who takes part in the gift exchange system but is known to have no self-interest. His presence enables other participants to accept gifts without being afraid of falling into personal bondage. We analyze the Christian theological ideas of the function of the priest in reaching the conclusion that priests are predisposed to take the position of the ‘excluded participant’. On one hand, the priest in persona Christi acts neither on his own behalf nor for his own self-interest, while on the other hand, he remains a member and governor of the community. Historical sources confirm that generating the gift exchange has always been the key activity of priests in Christian communities.
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Ghosh, Arpita, and Mohammad Mahdian. "Christmas Gift Exchange Games." Theory of Computing Systems 50, no. 1 (June 15, 2011): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00224-011-9342-7.

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Wang, Yanan, Hong Wu, Chenxi Xia, and Naiji Lu. "Impact of the Price of Gifts From Patients on Physicians’ Service Quality in Online Consultations: Empirical Study Based on Social Exchange Theory." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 5 (May 5, 2020): e15685. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15685.

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Background Gift giving from patients to physicians, which is prohibited in traditional clinical settings in China, has been found to occur in online health communities. However, there is debate on the validity of online gifts since physicians gain an economic benefit. Moreover, the potential impact of these gifts, particularly with respect to the financial value of the gift, on the online consultation service quality remains unexplored. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the impact of gift price on the quality of physicians’ online consultation service. Insight into this impact is expected to help resolve existing debate on the appropriateness of the gift-giving practice in online consultations. Methods A dataset of 141 physicians and 4249 physician-patient interactions was collected from the Good Physician Online website, which is the largest online consultation platform in China. Based on social exchange theory, we investigated how gift price affects the quality of physicians’ online consultation service and how this impact changes according to the physician’s service price and number of all gifts received. Manual annotation was used to identify the information support paragraphs and emotional support paragraphs in the answers of physicians. The quality of the information support paragraphs, rather than the complete answer, was used to test the robustness of our model. Results Gift price had a positive impact on the quality of physicians’ online consultation service (β=4.941, P<.01). This impact was negatively mediated by both the physician’s service price (β=–9.245, P<.001) and the total number of gifts they received (β=–5.080, P<.001). Conclusions Gift price has a positive impact on physicians’ online behavior, although the impact varies among physicians.
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د. مشاري عبدالعزيز الموسى, د. مشاري عبدالعزيز الموسى. "Badi‘iyyat in Praise of the Prophet: Gift Exchange Theory." journal of King Abdulaziz University Arts And Humanities 28, no. 13 (May 8, 2020): 236–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/art.28-13.8.

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this study approaches badi‘iyyat in light of gift exchange theory by Marcel Mauss. It tries to solve the problem of badi‘iyyat definition and their goal. The value of the study lies in the new practical way of applying this theory on badi‘iyyat, which will pave the way for future studies to apply the same theory on other literary texts. It begins with exploring different notions of understanding badi‘iyyat and their goal. The study proposes a definition of them. Then, it moves to apply the gift exchange theory on three of badi‘iyyat to observe their potential to be a reward or gift, the textual aspects that poets have added to enhance their badi‘iyyat as a reward or gift, and how the poets have increased the value of badi‘iyyat by employing metapoetry and mythic concordance. The study then reaches its conclusion.
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Murphy, Margueritte. "THE ETHIC OF THE GIFT IN GEORGE ELIOT'SDANIEL DERONDA." Victorian Literature and Culture 34, no. 1 (March 2006): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150306051114.

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In short, this [the exchange of gifts] represents an intermingling. Souls are mixed with things; things with souls. Lives are mingled together, and this is how, among persons and things so intermingled, each emerges from their own sphere and mixes together. This is precisely what contract and exchange are.—Marcel Mauss,The Gift
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Jia, Susan (Sixue), and Banggang Wu. "One Good Turn Deserves Another: Antecedents of Online Karaoke Paid Gift-Sending from Social Exchange Perspectives." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 16, no. 7 (September 23, 2021): 2515–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16070138.

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Understanding the dynamics of online karaoke virtual gift sending helps maximize its utility for all participants, including viewers, broadcasters, and platforms. However, extant paid gift-sending studies lack an integrated theoretical explanation of its incentives as well as practical implications that can facilitate the quantifiable implementation of service improvement. This study has successfully uncovered the motivation of paid gift-sending in an online karaoke context from a social exchange perspective using social exchange theory. By observing the activities of 11,640 online karaoke users over one year, it was discovered that their gift-sending behaviors adhere to the patterns of more-follower-more-gift-sending and receive-more-send-more. Moreover, such patterns are more pronounced for collaborative users and are accentuated over time. Theoretically, this study extends the scope of social commerce studies from B2C to C2C scenarios with more complicated interpersonal dynamics. Meanwhile, managers are advised to encourage following, stimulate collaboration, inject additional virtual gifts into the “market”, and retain their customers to generate long-term profits.
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Garland, David E., and G. W. Peterman. "Paul's Gift from Philippi: Conventions of Gift Exchange and Christian Giving." Journal of Biblical Literature 118, no. 3 (1999): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3268208.

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Ashworth, Peter D. "The Gift Relationship." Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 44, no. 1 (2013): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691624-12341243.

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Abstract Derrida (1992 / 1991) made the case (following Mauss, 1990 / 1925) that the ‘pure gift’ is impossible. Because of the element of obligation and reciprocity involved, gift relationships are inevitably reduced to relationships of economic exchange. This position echoes the exchange theory of the social behaviourists, the cost-benefit analyses of evolutionary psychology, and other reductionist conjectures. In this paper, 18 written accounts of gifting are analysed using established phenomenological tools of reflection. It is shown that the dynamics of the gift relationship are complex (for example the statuses of giver and recipient are problematical, as is the expression of gratitude) and, specifically, reciprocation in gifting is not akin to ‘repaying’ the gift, but should rather be seen as a response to the gift as an expression of affective affirmation, rendering this mutual. Gift giving is in the expressive realm rather than the practical (Harré, 1979). This was, intriguingly, known explicitly by Adam Smith (2006 / 1790).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gift exchange theory"

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Saenger, Christina R. "Attachment Style, Identity Congruence, and Gift Preference: A Dyadic Model of Gift Exchange." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1334439937.

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Sharp, Chloe. "Examining relationships between deceased organ donation, gift exchange theory and religion : perpectives of Luton Polonia." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/560468.

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Currently there is a critical shortage of transplantable organs in the UK. The existing evidence base highlights that cultural and religious norms can hinder familial consent and uptake of registration as an organ donor, particularly within ethnic minority groups. There is a dearth of information relating to the Polish community in the UK. Since the expansion of the European Union and the potential and consequent economic migration of Poles to the UK, this community presents a potential significant contribution to the active transplant waiting list, NHS Organ Donor Register and requests made for organs for donation on behalf of a relative. The aim of the study was to examine in depth, the perceptions of the relationship between deceased organ donation, gift exchange and religion. Due to the exploratory nature of the study, grounded theory methodology was used and one to one interviews were carried out with 31 participants who were recruited using a purposive convenience sampling strategy. This approach allowed for the collection of rich and deep data in a hitherto under-researched issue with the Polish community in the UK. To contextualise the key findings of the relationship, an in-depth analysis of settlement patterns, helping behaviour and experiences of and attitudes toward religion was conducted. The relationship between religion and gift-exchange was perceived to interact in different ways with deceased organ donation depending on the context. For the individual making an end-of-life choice, gift exchange impacted on the perception of the organ as a gift and whether reciprocity was expected, religion shaped views of the need for the body after death and social and cultural norms influenced the view of the 'typical' donor and family discussion of donation. For the relatives, social, religious and cultural norms impacted on death rituals and the conceptualisation of the dead body and experiences of a relative's death. This study contributes to an understanding of the social, cultural and religious norms toward deceased organ donation from a Polish perspective and the implications for policy, health promotion and clinical practice.
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Kelly, Luke. "The Value of Books: : The York Minster Library as a social arena for commodity exchange." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-341086.

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To the present-day reader texts are widely available. However, to the early modern reader this access was limited. While book ownership increased in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it was not universal – even libraries were both limited in their collections and exclusive to the communities they served. Libraries were to be found all over Early Modern England, from city libraries to town subscription libraries. One could gain access to books but these collections were often rather limited in the variety and number of books they offered. Undoubtedly many libraries purchased books for their collections, but frequently books were also given to them by benefactors. One fine example of a community library which reflects its readers and members is the library of St Peter’s Cathedral, York Minster. York Minister library owes its existence to traceable benefactors and donations. One could study the collection to give an insight into reading practices and interests of the Early Modern Period. But in doing so we fall foul of becoming static and failing to develop the historiography of Book History. Instead, we can re-evaluate this collection by drawing from the old focus of genres but shifting this focus and approach the collection from a different path: a material path. These books resonate value. Not solely due to their genres and subject matter, but their value is also generated in how the books became accessible, through generosity and donation. As donations from benefactors these books should not be considered solely as works of literature, but as gifts from one agent to another. Gifts given with both intention and purpose.
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Lockett, Harold John. "Educating religious leaders about organ donation and organ transplantation: Using the theory of gift exchange as a model for pastoral ministry." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2002. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/AAIDP14677.

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The purpose of this ministry project is to educate religious leaders about an alternative to approaching organ donation and organ transplantation, using the Theory of Gift Exchange as the model paradigm. This ministry project is based on the premise that religious leaders generally use dated statistical material, life changing stories, and personal experiences to raise awareness on the subject. Thus, the Theory of Gift Exchange is a different approach and a unique model for religious leaders to begin understanding the complex nature of organ donation and organ transplantation, and ultimately embracing it with less reluctance. The results of this ministry project discovered that practically every religious leader was unfamiliar with the idea of Gift Exchange. However, they were familiar with this concept only as it relates to the exchanging of personal gifts around special occasions and holidays. Thus, the conclusion gathered from this ministry project suggests that the 'Theory of Gift Exchange' is an excellent model to educate about organ donation and organ transplantation. This conceptual idea makes it easy for a religious leader to understand and embrace the subject, and feel less threatened by it, particularly because one can see that the overall intent is about gift giving and gift receiving.
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Bergstresser, Keith David. "Effects of in-group bias in a gift-exchange transaction a theory of employee ownership and evidence from a laboratory experiment /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9501.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2009.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Weng, Zhiquan. "Consumer Search and Firm-Worker Reciprocity: A Behavioral Approach." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281985969.

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Disco, Bernard William. "God's Gracious and Scandalous Gift of Desire: The Liturgy of the Eucharist in Louis-Marie Chauvet's 'Symbolic Exchange' with Jean-Luc Marion's Phenomenology of Givenness and René Girard's Mimetic Theory." Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108628.

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Thesis advisor: John Baldovin
Traditionally, Church teaching has examined the Eucharist in metaphysical terms (‘what is it?’: substance, presence, and causality) and its liturgical celebration as a sacrifice (a re-presentation of Christ’s self-sacrifice on the cross). Prompted by Vatican II’s exhortation to the faithful for ‘full, conscious, active participation’ in the liturgy (cf. Sacrosanctum Concilium 14, 27, 30), this dissertation re-interprets the Eucharistic liturgy and participants’ role in it through the root metaphor of gift: a gift of desire, which impacts participants’ desires, relationships, and selfhood. It proposes a ‘relational approach’ to the Eucharist by asking: What is going on ‘relationally’ in the Eucharistic celebration? How might the Eucharist impact our desire, relations, identity? How does or ought the liturgy of the Eucharist concern relationships between the participants and others? What specifically does the Church celebrate in its liturgy of the Eucharist? Louis-Marie Chauvet’s ‘symbolic exchange’ model of the Eucharistic Prayer, when put in conversation with both Jean-Luc Marion’s phenomenology of gift and René Girard’s mimetic theory, yields an understanding of the Eucharist as God’s gracious and scandalous gift of divine desire. The gift is gracious as an embodied expression of divine love, and also scandalous as it challenges recipients’ autonomy with a radical call to charity demanding an existential response. This dissertation upholds Christ’s self-gift as the ultimate decision to love in a perfect reversal of sacrificial violence, which Christians are called to imitate. It emphasizes the liturgy’s structure as a dynamic event of being encountered by God’s gift of himself and reception of this gift through particular responses. This understanding aims to re-appropriate traditional Catholic teaching on the Eucharist in more contemporary terms. It aims to explain how ‘fully conscious and active participation’ in the sacred mysteries occurs, that liturgy and life may be more richly interrelated
Thesis (STD) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry
Discipline: Sacred Theology
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Ers, Agnes. "I mänsklighetens namn : En etnologisk studie av ett svenskt biståndsprojekt i Rumänien." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för etnologi, religionshistoria och genusstudier, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1269.

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This dissertation is an analysis of observations among, and interviews with, Romanian and Swedish employees at a Swedish development aid project in Romania. The aim has been to study the categories of ‘humanity’: how the notions of the ‘human(e)’ and the ‘inhuman(e)’ were created in the context of the project. Further, the aim of the thesis has been to connect the relations in everyday life as it develops in an aid project to the social and societal processes of change in today’s Europe. Chapter 1 introduces the theoretical and methodological frameworks of the study. Chapter 2 analyses media representations of institutionalized children in Romania, and describes the development aid in Romania. Chapter 3 describes and analyses the practical work with the children in the everyday life of the project. Chapter 4 focuses on the locally employed project staff, and their adoption of a ‘more human(e)’ identity through working with the Swedish NGO. Chapter 5 analyses how the construction of difference took place in the everyday life of the development aid project. Chapter 6 analyses the development aid as exchange of gifts and applies models of analysis of social work with the so-called deserving and undeserving clients. Chapter 7 is a concluding chapter. The construction of the ‘human(e)’ and its opposite, the ‘inhuman(e)’, could be found on three levels. These categories were used in reference to: (1) the children, the sick elderly and the poor families that were the clients of the aid project and were expected to be ‘humanized’ in the course of project implementation; (2) the Romanians who were employed by the Swedish organization and who were to be humanized through their work and through learning Western views on what the human being is; and (3) by implication, the whole Romanian society and all the Romanians who were also to be ‘humanized’ through the intervention of the Western NGOs.
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Escobar, Cecillia-Luca. "Approche anthropologique de la présence du don contemporain dans deux expériences locales d'échange alternatif: les foires de multi-troc colombiennes et les Systèmes d'Echange Local français." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210341.

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L’objectif principal de cette thèse est l’analyse des configurations du lien social naissant au sein de systèmes alternatifs d’échange local, afin d’y retrouver la trace du « don maussien ».

L’enquête porte sur un échange de biens, parallèle à l’échange marchand et localement accompli dans le contexte d’un monde globalisé, perspective qui inscrit la recherche dans le champ de l’anthropologie économique des mondes contemporains.

Le phénomène de la mondialisation, associé au progrès des techniques de communication, permettant d’observer des procédés analogues, engendrés par des causes communes dans différentes parties du monde, le terrain, tel que défini ci-dessus, fut réalisé sur deux sites socio-culturellement différents puisque implantés en Colombie pour l’un, et en France, pour l’autre. Ces deux sites furent traités comme un seul terrain multi-local dont le croisement des données recueillies a enrichi l’analyse.

Avant de passer à la partie descriptive des ethnographies réalisées, le travail évoque des théories et des expériences antérieures qui ont permis de reconnaître la différence entre les expérimentations monétaires et les systèmes d’échange multilatéral ou dispositifs comptables centralisés employant une unité de compte pour faciliter les échanges. La production et la consommation sont stimulées par un type de monnaie qui joue un rôle complémentaire à la devise officielle et permet des transactions multilatérales.

Devant la diversité des systèmes alternatifs à l’échange marchand, un choix s’imposait pour déterminer ceux qui seraient l’objet de l’enquête de terrain. Les initiatives sélectionnées pour une observation directe furent les foires de multi-troc colombiennes et les systèmes d’échange local (SEL) français.

Les deux monographies décrivent le déroulement des investigations en Colombie et en France, ainsi que les constats qui s’imposèrent à leur issue.

Il apparaît qu’au-delà de la raison économique d’échanger biens et services sans se soumettre à l’usage de l’argent comme fin en soi, les adhérents à ces expériences de micro-économie y trouvent un milieu propice à cultiver de nouvelles relations sociales. Les raisons de participer sont multiples mais s’alignent souvent sur des valeurs communes telles que la confiance, l’entraide, le respect de l’autre, la tolérance ou la solidarité, autant de logiques qui font de ces groupements, des espaces de création de liens sociaux favorables à l’émergence du don moderne. Tel qu’il a été développé et actualisé par Jacques T. Godbout, Alain Caillé et les exposants du Mouvement Anti-Utilitariste dans les Sciences Sociales –M.A.U.S.S.- ./ABSTRACT

The main objective of this thesis is the analysis of configurations of the social link emerging within alternate systems of local exchange, in order to find traces of the “maussian gift”.

The investigation covers the exchange of property which is parallel to trade exchange and is locally accomplished in the context of a global world, a perspective which integrates our research within the field of economic anthropology of contemporary worlds.

The phenomenon of the globalization, coupled with advances in communication technology, allows us to observe similar processes around the world, engendered by common causes. The fieldwork, as mentioned above, was realized on two socio - culturally different sites, one in Colombia, the other one in France. These two sites were treated as a single multi-local fieldwork, and their combined information enriched our analysis.

Before proceeding to the descriptive part of the conducted ethnographic research, the document evokes theories and previous experiences which allowed us to recognize the difference between monetary experiments and multilateral trading systems or devices using a centralized accounting unit to facilitate the exchanges. The production and the consumption are stimulated by a type of exchange that is complementary to the official currency and allows multilateral transactions.

Considering the variety of alternative systems in the exchange market, a choice was necessary to determine, who would be the object of the fieldwork. The initiatives selected for direct observation were the Colombian multi-barter fairs and the French systems of local exchange (SEL).

Both monographs describe the progress of investigations in Colombia and in France, as well as the resulting reports.

It seems that, apart from the economic reason for exchanging goods and services without being subject to the use of money, which is an end in itself, those who take part in such experiences of microeconomics find a convenient environment to cultivate new social relationships.

The reasons for participating are numerous, but often aligned on common values such as trust, mutual aid, respect for the others, tolerance or solidarity, which all contribute to transform these gatherings into spaces mean to create social links favourable to the emergence of the modern gift. This theory was developed and updated by Jacques T. Godbout, Alain Caillé and the members of the Anti-Utilitarian Movement in Social Science -M.A.U.S.S.-.


Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation anthropologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Moore, Sheldon Edward Scott Jay. "The Gift of Policing: Understanding Image and Reciprocity." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4308.

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The Community Based Policing model has been adopted by the large majority of policing agencies as another tool on an officer’s duty belt that allows them to do their job more effectively and efficiently. The model is premised on the building and maintaining of relationships of the Police Service and the community it serves. The model argues that Services must ensure that the community is given a voice in the way police enforce the laws. The model encourages that the police and community work together in a partnership that is different from the traditional relationship shared between the two groups under the previous Professional Policing model. This working in partnership means that not only must the police become more open to the community providing direction in the way they do their job, but also that the community must take a more active role in the policing of their areas. This partnership could be considered an exchange of information from both the police and the community. As argued by Marcel Mauss in The Gift, relationships that are on-going and have elements of exchange have obligations. These obligations of giving, receiving and reciprocity ensure that the relationship between the groups is not only maintained, but strengthened. When one of these obligations is not met, however, there are often social consequences. This research attempts to understand the model of Community Based Policing in terms of how it is being applied by Canada’s second oldest police service, the Hamilton Police. With the model encouraging a relationship with the community, issues of gift exchange appear. Through interviews with staff of the Hamilton Police Service, as well as citizens from the community of Hamilton, how these obligations are being met, as well as the effectiveness of the model and its relation to Maussian theory of gift exchange are explored.
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Books on the topic "Gift exchange theory"

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Solidariteit/rivaliteit: Ruil en gift bij Marcel Maus en Pierre Bourdieu. Antwerpen: Garant, 2009.

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Herman, Menahem. Tithe as gift: The institution in the Pentateuch and in light of Mauss's prestation theory. San Francisco: Mellen Research University Press, 1992.

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Zell, Michael. Rembrandt, Vermeer, and the Gift in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Art. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726429.

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Rembrandt, Vermeer, and the Gift in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Art offers a new perspective on the art of the Dutch Golden Age by exploring the interaction between the gift's symbolic economy of reciprocity and obligation and the artistic culture of early modern Holland. Gifts of art were pervasive in seventeenth-century Europe, and many Dutch artists, like their counterparts elsewhere, embraced gift giving to cultivate relations with patrons, art lovers, and other members of their social networks. Rembrandt also created distinctive works to function within a context of gift exchange, and both Rembrandt and Vermeer engaged the ethics of the gift to identify their creative labor as motivated by what contemporaries called a "love of art," not materialistic gain. In the merchant republic’s vibrant market for art, networks of gift relations and the anti-economic rhetoric of the gift mingled with the growing dimension of commerce, revealing a unique chapter in the interconnected history of gift giving and art making.
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Rost, Friedrich. Theorien des Schenkens: Zur kultur- und humanwissenschaftlichen Bearbeitung eines anthropologischen Phänomens. Essen: Verlag Die Blaue Eule, 1994.

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Colesworthy, Rebecca. Returning the Gift. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778585.001.0001.

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The decades following World War I saw a widespread turn across disciplines to questions about the nature and role of gifts: What is a gift? What do gifts mean and do? Which individuals and institutions have the authority to give? Returning the Gift argues that these questions centrally shaped literary modernism. The book begins by revisiting the locus classicus of twentieth-century gift theory, Marcel Mauss’s The Gift: The Form and Reason for Exchange in Archaic Societies, to show that, his title notwithstanding, the gift Mauss envisions is a distinctively modern phenomenon. Subsequent chapters offer nuanced readings of novels and nonfiction by Virginia Woolf, Jean Rhys, Gertrude Stein, and H.D. from the 1920s to 1940s, drawing on developments in the social sciences, economics, and politics to illuminate their writing, while also making a case for their unique contributions to broader interdisciplinary debates. Not only do these writers insist that literature is a special kind of gift, but they also challenge the primitivist treatment of women as gifts in the work of their Victorian forebears and contemporary male theorists. Each of these writers uses tropes and narratives of giving to imagine more egalitarian social possibilities under the conditions of the capitalist present. The language of the gift is not, as we might expect, a mark of hostility to the market, but rather a means of giving form to the “society” in market society—of representing everyday experiences of exchange that the myth of the free market works, even now, to render unthinkable.
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Zamir, Tzachi. Fourth Climb. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695088.003.0009.

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This chapter begins the book’s analysis of gratitude. The fundamental religious attitude as the poem conveys it is life lived as experiencing a gift. Gratitude is the response this experience calls for. However, for gratitude to acquire value, it must be tested in various ways. To fall is to avoid gratitude. Three such avoidances—Satan’s, Adam’s, and Eve’s—are presented. A connection with contemporary gift-theory is also made in this chapter. Derrida and Jean-Luc Marion have claimed that the notion of the gift is paradoxical. Inspired by Mauss, both assert that gifts do not transcend the sphere of exchange. Milton’s Satan enables us to pinpoint their mistake.
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Hénaff, Marcel. The Philosophers' Gift. Translated by Jean-Louis Morhange. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823286478.001.0001.

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When it comes to giving, philosophers love to be the most generous. For them, every form of reciprocity is tainted by commercial exchange. In recent decades, such thinkers as Derrida, Levinas, Henry, Marion, Ricoeur, Lefort, and Descombes, have made the gift central to their work, haunted by the requirement of disinterestedness. As an anthropologist as well as a philosopher, the author of this book worries that philosophy has failed to distinguish among various types of giving. This book returns to Mauss to reexamine these thinkers through the anthropological tradition. Reciprocity, rather than disinterestedness, the book shows, is central to ceremonial giving and alliance, whereby the social bond specific to humans is proclaimed as a political bond. From the social fact of gift practices, the book develops an original and profound theory of symbolism, the social, and the relationship between self and other, whether that other is an individual human being, the collective other of community and institution, or the impersonal other of the world.
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Sharlet, Jocelyn. Educated Slave Women and Gift Exchange in Abbasid Culture. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190622183.003.0015.

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The chapter argues that although educated slave women played a significant role in Abbasid-era sources, their portrayal has received less attention than that of their free male counterparts. Using stories of gift exchange that feature two slave women, Utba and Inan, it demonstrates how enslaved women participated in the negotiation of their evolving status in the context of patriarchy in general, and educated female slavery in particular. The chapter uses two stories of the participation of such women in episodes of gift exchange to investigate the dynamics of the slave woman’s subjective agency and objectification in accounts of elite male competition. As a theme of Abbasid literature, the exchange of material gifts contributes to a reconstruction of elite networks and hierarchies. The slave woman may be objectified as a gift, but she may also display subjective agency by interfering with her exchange or by giving a gift herself.
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Colesworthy, Rebecca. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778585.003.0001.

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The introduction establishes a broad historical context for the project, demonstrating the centrality of ideas about gift-giving to a number of fields and discourses following World War I. Within this context, Marcel Mauss’s classic 1925 essay, The Gift, is not unique in its topic but rather in capturing and articulating a sense shared by a wide range of thinkers and authors in the interwar period that a traditional ideological separation of gifts and exchanges was beginning to break down. The book’s focus on the way women writers in particular responded to and worked to represent this crisis is also explained. Notably, modernist writing by men—Baudelaire, Eliot, Pound—has already been central to gift theory. Shifting attention to writing by women, who have historically been treated in theory and in practice as the “supreme gift,” opens up an alternative twentieth-century genealogy of theorizing the gift.
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For-Giving: A Feminist Criticism of Exchange. Plain View Press, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Gift exchange theory"

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Perujo, Emilia. "Exchange of Intangible Gifts? Reflections on Research Relationships When “Studying Up”." In Theory and History in the Human and Social Sciences, 97–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20831-8_9.

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Rowe, Terra S. "Grace in Intra-action: Complementarity and the Noncircular Gift." In Entangled Worlds. Fordham University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823276219.003.0012.

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Commonly, grace is defined as a free gift—in opposition to exchange. Key perspectives in twentieth century Gift theory link this particularly Protestant concept of grace with the individualism and commodification that a fossil fuel addicted capitalism depends on. It also remains unclear how this concept of grace can relate to an intra-actively exchangist world except by interruption or annihilation. This essay argues that while the ideal gift, free of exchange, must be challenged, space for uncapitalized returns and even losses in our gift-investments must be preserved. This particular tide grace as a non-circular gift can resist. Consequently, what are commonly held to be competing and incompatible concepts—unconditional grace and the exchangist, intra-active universe—are actually complementary disruptions of key economic practices contributing to climate change.
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Barbalet, Jack. "Renqing as Guanxi and in Guanxi." In The Theory of Guanxi and Chinese Society, 92–120. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808732.003.0005.

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This chapter considers guanxi-like practices in a number of historical and social contexts, from the 1880s to the 1980s, when the term guanxi is first used. By doing so, many aspects of instrumental particularism typically ignored become evident. In late imperial literati circles, and in rural China up to the present time, gift-giving occurs without expectation of reciprocation but in order to acquire ‘protection’, to be let alone. The use of money in renqing, thought by many theorists today as problematic for guanxi, was routine in these circumstances. Reciprocal gift exchange in rural China begins with Communist collectivization in the 1950s. It is shown that the vast increase in the numbers of officials from this time, and the relative empowerment of peasants, extended the incidence of guanxi-like practices. Concurrently, a number of distinctive terms were used to describe these practices, until guanxi gained widespread usage in the 1980s.
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Stern, Jessica Yirush. "Gift Exchange." In Lives in Objects. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631486.003.0004.

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Southeastern Indian leaders and colonial leaders used gifts to try to control their neighbors. The colonists assumed that Indians who received British gifts would use those gifts (usually guns) to forward British interests. Southestern Indian leaders hoped that by consuming Indian gifts colonists would act as peaceful neighbors.
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Pinker, Robert. "From gift relationships to quasi-markets: an odyssey along the policy paths of altruism and egoism." In Social Policy and Welfare Pluralism. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447323556.003.0014.

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In this chapter, Robert Pinker explores the conditionality and ‘mix’ of altruism and egoism and provides theoretical and rational rather than ideological or doctrinaire justifications for welfare pluralism. He begins by discussing The Price of Blood, a monograph that reviewed the arguments for and against paying blood donors and developing a role for competitive markets in the sale and purchase of blood products. Pinker challenges Richard Titmuss's analysis of the moral qualities that underpin exchange relationships in his 1970 book The Gift Relationship. He also reflects on his works Social Theory and Social Policy (1971) and The Idea of Welfare (1979) which, together with The Gift Relationship and Julian Le Grand's Motivation, Agency, and Public Policy (2003), illustrate the ways in which the normative debate about the ends and means of social policy and its entire institutional framework has changed.
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Blanton, IV, Thomas R. "Summary and Conclusions." In A Spiritual Economy. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300220407.003.0008.

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This chapter summarizes the previous chapters and notes that Paul’s letters shift the temporal framing of the classic formulation do ut des, “I give so that you might give.” Paul’s reformulation was rather “I give because you have given”; in his view, the preeminent gifts—God’s gift of his son, and Jesus’ gift of himself on the cross—had already been given. The effect was to render members of early Christian assemblies and other potential converts in the role of recipients of divine gifts, to which they were to respond with thanksgiving, gratitude, and reciprocal gifts of labor time, money, and other material goods. In this way, religious myth served as the catalyst for an entire system of exchange in the sociopolitical realm of the early Christian assembly: it facilitated the creation of a “spiritual economy.” Today, Paul’s letters facilitate the elaboration of a number of theoretical perspectives on gift exchange developed within the fields of anthropology and sociology; the conjunction in Paul’s letters of “religion” and “gift” provides significant opportunity for interdisciplinary study.
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Titmuss, Richard M. "Who is my stranger?" In The Gift Relationship, 176–201. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447349570.003.0013.

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This chapter explores the social and economic aspects of gift-exchange as a universal phenomenon. Examples drawn from both complex and traditional societies indicate that the personal gift and counter-gift, in which givers and receivers are known to each other and personally communicate with each other, is characterised by a great variety of sentiments and purposes. At one end of the spectrum, economic purposes may be dominant as in some forms of first-gifts which aim to achieve a material gain or to enhance prestige or to bring about material gain in the future. At the other end are those gifts whose purposes are predominantly social and moral in that as ‘total social facts’ they aim to serve friendly relationships, affection, and harmony between known individuals and social groups. Meanwhile, social gifts and actions carrying no explicit or implicit individual right to a return gift or action are forms of ‘creative altruism’.
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Blanton, IV, Thomas R. "Introduction." In A Spiritual Economy. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300220407.003.0001.

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The “free gift” posited by Christian theology indicates that “salvation” may not be bought in a market transaction. This, however, does not imply that no reciprocal donations are expected: gifts, offerings, tithes, and labor time are expended in gratitude for the “gift” of salvation. Although gifts are characterized by an irreducible complexity, they are typically described by parties to the exchange using verbs such as “give” or “donate,” they are followed by countergifts of which neither the value nor the time of their giving is determined in advance, they are regulated not by legal but by social sanctions, and they are accompanied by displays of gratitude and thanksgiving. The introduction briefly outlines the material to be presented in subsequent chapters.
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Foster, Susan Leigh. "Commodifying and Giving." In Valuing Dance, 51–88. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190933975.003.0003.

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Chapter 2 examines how dance might be exchanged either as commodity or as gift within the contexts of dance instruction and dance performance. It compares the ways that dance’s resource-fullness becomes utilized within either system of exchange. Within commodity exchange, dance’s ability to convene people produces an interactivity that is based in the autonomy of each individual; these individuals become connected but as isolated and independent entities within a network. Commodification of dance’s energy, presumed to be precious and somewhat scarce, entails the careful monitoring of bodily energy followed by strategic expenditure in order to achieve the maximum effect. The third of dance’s resources, its malleability of form and adaptability to place, is tapped in commodification so as to facilitate dance’s easy transport from place to place. To generate economic profit, dance must be quickly and cheaply manufactured, delivered efficiently, and disseminated as widely as possible. In contrast, within gift exchange dance’s capacity to summon people into relation becomes a way of creating mutual indebtedness among all involved. Circulating gifts connects people not as isolated agents but instead as mutually defining and dependent beings. Dance’s energy, considered to be abundant and always available, is widely given and reciprocated. And finally, dance’s adaptability, its protean form and function, is cultivated as a way to engage with and commemorate particular times, places, and people. Dance as gift is not transportable, and instead, binds itself to and operates within specific communities, connecting itself with and devising unique responses to their ecologies.
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Freeman, Tyrone McKinley. "Education." In Madam C. J. Walker's Gospel of Giving, 83–104. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043451.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 focuses on Walker’s gift of education through her national network of beauty schools as a model of urban industrial vocational education at the same time that Booker T. Washington’s southern rural model of industrial education was prominent. Washington’s Tuskegee model has been critiqued as not successful in addressing black educational needs despite its proliferation because it appeased the white South and focused on the fading agricultural economy. Walker’s beauty schools, in contrast, offered an urban alternative for migrating black women to earn credentials, enabling their gainful employment in the emerging industrial economies of the North, Midwest, and South. The chapter analyzes the curriculum of the Walker beauty schools and its blending of theory, technique, and business management principles to support graduates’ success. This gift of education aligned Walker with other educator-philanthropists of her era, such as Mary McLeod Bethune, Lucy Laney, and Charlotte Hawkins Brown—whose schools she also funded. Walker’s partnership with southern black schools is also examined through which she made donations in exchange for commitments to offer her curriculum. Although only a few colleges took up the offer, participating schools split profits of beauty culture sales made by students with the Walker Company. The program was Walker’s effort to grow her market, extend opportunity to students, and financially support the schools. The chapter reinterprets the relationship between industrial philanthropy and black education, and the value of industrial vocational education to northern black urban communities.
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Conference papers on the topic "Gift exchange theory"

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Over, Hans-Helmut, and Tauno Ojala. "The Web-Enabled Materials Database of the European Commission With Its XML Related Data Entry Part and Integrated Analysis Tools to Support GEN IV Nuclear Power Plant Development." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61275.

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The development and verification of future GEN IV Reactor Systems is strongly related to materials data and correlated design codes. These systems are high temperature and/or corrosive media exposed. Expensive and extensive materials test programmes have to be launched because materials data which guarantee safe design does not yet exist for the selected materials. The costs of these extensive materials test programmes seem to be too high that they could be invested by one single GIF partner. Therefore a very important issue is data exchange between the partners to save costs and time. Within the web-enabled Mat-DB of JRC Petten an XML (eXtensible Mark-up Language) related data entry part has been installed to ease exchange of experimental materials data. This XML structure will be presented in the following as an initiative to define an internationally agreed, standardised XML schema which can be integrated in the overall MatML schema. Furthermore integrated analysis routines are implemented in the Mat-DB data retrieval part. These tools allow extra- and interpolations to calculate strain limits which are the basis for calculating safety limits against creep failure. Those safety limits are necessary elements for establishing design codes of GEN IV Reactor Systems.
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Dragunov, Alexey, Eugene Saltanov, Igor Pioro, Glenn Harvel, and Brian Ikeda. "Study on Primary and Secondary Heat-Transport Systems for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16014.

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One of the current engineering challenges is to design next generation (Generation IV) Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) with significantly higher thermal efficiencies (43–55%) compared to those of current NPPs to match or at least to be close to the thermal efficiencies reached at fossil-fired power plants (55–62%). The Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) is one of the six concepts considered under the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) initiative. The BN-600 reactor is a sodium-cooled fast-breeder reactor built at the Beloyarsk NPP in Russia. This concept is the only one from the Generation IV nuclear-power reactors, which is actually in operation (since 1980’s). At the secondary side, it uses a subcritical-pressure Rankine-steam cycle with heat regeneration. The reactor generates electrical power in the amount of 600 MWel. The reactor core dimensions are 0.75 m (height) by 2.06 m (diameter). The UO2 fuel enriched to 17–26% is utilized in the core. There are 2 loops (circuits) for sodium flow. For safety reasons, sodium is used both in the primary and the intermediate circuits. Therefore, a sodium-to-sodium heat exchanger is used to transfer heat from the primary loop to the intermediate one. In this work major parameters of the reactor are listed. The actual scheme of the power-conversion heat-transport system is presented; and the results of the calculation of thermal efficiency of this scheme are analyzed. Details of the heat-transport system, including parameters of the sodium-to-sodium heat exchanger and main coolant pump, are presented. In this paper two possibilities for the SFR in terms of the power-conversion cycle are investigated: 1. a subcritical-pressure Rankine-steam cycle through a heat exchanger (current approach in Russian and Japanese power reactors); 2. a supercritical-pressure CO2 Brayton gas-turbine cycle through a heat exchanger (US approach). With the advent of modern super-alloys, the Rankine-steam cycle has progressed into the supercritical region of the coolant and is generating thermal efficiencies into the mid 50% range. Therefore, the thermal efficiency of a supercritical Rankine-steam cycle is also briefly discussed in this paper. According to GIF, the Brayton gas-turbine cycle is under consideration for future nuclear power reactors. The supercritical-CO2 cycle is a new approach in the Brayton gas-turbine cycle. Therefore, dependence of the thermal efficiency of this SC CO2 cycle on inlet parameters of the gas turbine is also investigated.
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Amano, Katsunori, Yasuhiro Enuma, Satoshi Futagami, Tomoyuki Inoue, and Sota Watanabe. "Development of the Pump-Integrated Intermediate Heat Exchanger in Advanced Loop-Type Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor for Demonstration." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60064.

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In the framework of generation IV international forum (GIF), safety design criteria (SDC) and safety design guideline (SDG) for the generation IV sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs) have been developed as part of the worldwide deployment of SFRs. Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) and the Mitsubishi FBR Systems, Inc. (MFBR) have been investigating design study of an advanced loop-type SFR to satisfy SDC in the feasibility study of SDG for SFR. In this study, the ability of the pump-integrated Intermediate Heat Exchanger (IHX) is evaluated as a safety measure for the advanced loop-type SFR. Furthermore, maintainability and reparability of the safety measures are taken into account for the advanced loop-type SFR design study. The pump-integrated IHX has been modified to satisfy these requirements. This paper describes the modifications to withstand severe earthquake, primary coolant leak and sodium-water reaction. Also, this paper includes evaluations of thermal transient, structural vibration with pump rotation and wear-out of IHX tubes for they have been adversely affected by the modifications.
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Knupp, Diego C., Renato M. Cotta, and Carolina P. Naveira Cotta. "Conjugated Heat Transfer in Heat Spreaders With Micro-Channels." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17818.

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This work is aimed at the experimental verification of a recently proposed single domain formulation of conjugated conduction-convection heat transfer problems, which are often of relevance in thermal micro-systems analysis. The single domain formulation simultaneously models the heat transfer phenomena at both the fluid streams and the channels walls by making use of coefficients represented as space variable functions with abrupt transitions occurring at the fluid-wall interfaces. The Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT) is then employed in the hybrid numerical-analytical solution of the resulting convection-diffusion problem with variable coefficients. The considered experimental investigation involves the determination of the temperature distribution over a heat spreader made of a nanocomposite plate with a longitudinally molded single micro-channel that exchanges heat with the plate by flowing hot water at an adjustable mass flow rate. The infrared thermography technique is employed to analyze the response of the heat spreader surface, aiming at the analysis of micro-systems that provide a thermal response from either their normal operation or due to a promoted stimulus for characterization purposes.
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Dragunov, Alexey, Eugene Saltanov, Sergey Bedenko, and Igor Pioro. "A Feasibility Study on Various Power-Conversion Cycles for a Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-55130.

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One of the current engineering challenges is to design next generation (Generation IV) Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) with significantly higher thermal efficiencies compared to those of current NPPs to match or at least to be close to thermal efficiencies reached at thermal power plants (43–55%). A Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) is one of six concepts considered under the Generation IV International Forum (GIF). This concept is the only one from the Generation IV reactors, which is actually in operation in Russia. In general, there are 3 possibilities for an SFR in terms of the secondary cycle: 1. Subcritical-pressure Rankine-“steam”-cycle through a heat exchanger (current approach used in Russian and Japanese power reactors). 2. Supercritical-pressure Rankine-“steam”-cycle through a heat exchanger (new approach). 3. Supercritical-pressure CO2 Brayton-gas-turbine-cycle through a heat exchanger (US approach). The BN-600 reactor is a sodium-cooled fast-breeder reactor built at the Beloyarsk NPP in Russia. It has been in operation since 1980 and adopts the secondary subcritical-pressure Rankine-“steam”-cycle with heat regeneration. Steam extractions are taken from High-Pressure (HP), Intermediate-Pressure (IP) and Low-Pressure (LP) turbines. The basic method of increasing the thermal efficiency of power plants is to improve it by increasing the operating pressure and temperature. With the advent of modern super alloys, the Rankine-“steam”-cycle has progressed into the supercritical region of the coolant and is generating net efficiencies into the mid 40% range. Calculations of thermal efficiency of a secondary sub- and supercritical-pressure Rankine-“steam”-cycle with heat regeneration are presented in the paper. The Brayton-gas-turbine cycle is under consideration for future nuclear power reactors. The higher operating temperatures will be achieved, the higher thermal efficiency will be. Supercritical CO2 cycle is a new approach in Brayton-gas-turbine cycle. Carbon dioxide has a critical pressure of 7.38 MPa and a critical temperature of 31.0°C, which is significantly less than that of water (22.064 MPa and 373.95°C). However, liquid sodium is more compatible with SC CO2 than with water. Therefore, thermal efficiency of this SC CO2 cycle is also calculated.
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Yamamoto, Takahisa, Koshi Mitachi, and Masatoshi Nishio. "Reactor Controllability of 3-Region-Core Molten Salt Reactor System: A Study on Load Following Capability." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89440.

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The Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) systems are liquid-fueled reactors that can be used for actinide burning, production of electricity, production of hydrogen, and production of ssile fuels (breeding). Thorium (Th) and uranium-233 (233U) are fertile and ssile of the MSR systems, and dissolved in a high-temperature molten fluoride salt (fuel salt) with a very high boiling temperature (up to 1650K), that is both the reactor nuclear fuel and the coolant. The MSR system is one of the six advanced reactor concepts identified by the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) as a candidate for cooperative development [1]. In the MSR system, fuel salt flows through a fuel duct constructed around a reactor core and fuel channel of a graphite moderator accompanied by fission reaction and heat generation, and flows out to an external-loop system consisted of a heat exchanger and a circulation pump. Due to the motion of fuel salt, delayed neutron precursors that are one of the source of neutron production make to change their position between the ssion reaction and neutron emission events and decay even occur in the external loop system. Hence the reactivity and effective delayed neutron precursor fraction of the MSR system are lower than those of solid fuel reactor systems such as Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) and Pressurised Water Reactor (PWRs). Since all of the presently operating nuclear power reactors utilize solid fuel, little attention had been paid to the MSR analysis of the reactivity loss and reactor characteristics change caused by the fuel salt circulation. Sides et al. [2] and Shimazu et al. [3] developed MSR analytical models based on the point reactor kinetics model to consider the effect of fuel salt flow. Their models represented a reactor as having six zones for fuel salt and three zones for the graphite moderator. Since their models employed the point reactor kinetics model and the rough temperature approximation, their results were not sufficiently accurate to consider the effect of fuel salt flow.
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Hittner, Dominique, Carmen Angulo, Virginie Basini, Edgar Bogusch, Eric Breuil, Derek Buckthorpe, Vincent Chauvet, et al. "HTR-TN Achievements and Prospects for Future Developments." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58249.

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It is already 10 years since the (European) HTR Technology Network (HTR-TN) launched a programme for the development of HTR Technology, which expanded through 3 successive Euratom Framework Programmes, with many coordinated projects in line with the strategy of the Network. Widely relying in the beginning on the legacy of the former European HTR developments (DRAGON, AVR, THTR...) that it contributed to safeguard, this programme led to advances in HTR/VHTR technologies and produced significant results, which can benefit to the international HTR community through the Euratom involvement in the Generation IV International Forum (GIF). The main achievements of the European programme performed in complement to national efforts in Europe and already taking into consideration the complementarity with contributions of other GIF partners are presented: they concern the validation of computer codes (reactor physics, system transient analysis from normal operation to air ingress accident and fuel performance in normal and accident conditions), materials (metallic materials for the vessel, the direct cycle turbines and the intermediate heat exchanger, graphite...), component development, fuel manufacturing and irradiation behaviour and specific HTR waste management (irradiated fuel and graphite). Key experiments have been performed or are still ongoing, like irradiation of graphite to high fluence, fuel material irradiation (PYCASSO experiment), high burn-up irradiated fuel PIE, safety test and isotopic analysis, IHX mock-up thermo-hydraulic test in helium atmosphere, air ingress experiment for a block type core, etc. Now HTR-TN partners consider that it is time for Europe to go a step forward towards industrial demonstration. In line with the orientations of the “Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan)” recently issued by the European Commission, which promotes a strategy for the deployment of low carbon energy technologies and mentions Generation IV nuclear systems as one of the key contributors to this strategy, HTR-TN proposes to launch a programme for extending the contribution of nuclear energy to industrial process heat applications addressing jointly 1) The development of a flexible HTR able to be coupled to many different process heat and cogeneration applications with very versatile requirements 2) The development of coupling technologies with industrial processes 3) The possible adaptations of process heat applications which might be needed for coupling with a HTR and 4) The integration and optimisation of the whole coupled system. As a preliminary step for this ambitious programme, HTR-TN endeavours presently to create a strategic partnership between nuclear industry and R&D and process heat user industries.
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