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Journal articles on the topic 'Gill surface area'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Jabbar, Intisar M. A., Salah M. Najim, and Entesar N. Sultan. "The Gills Area of Two Species of Marine Water Crabs: The Blue Swimming Crab, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758), and the Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853 from the North- West Arabian Gulf and Shatt Al-Arab River , Iraq." Basrah J. Agric. Sci. 32 (November 22, 2019): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2019.277.

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The present study was conducted on the gills structure and the gill surface area of 40 individuals of the Blue swimming crabs, Portunus pelagicus, and 40 Chinese mitten crabs, Eriocheir sinensis, specimens of the species were collected from the different regions of Shatt Al- Arab and North-west Arabian gulf. Both species were having eight phyllobranchiatesas of the same structure but different in length and surface area. The second gill in P. pelagicus shows major difference in shape from the other gills with missing platelets from one side of the filament. The results showed there were positi

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2

RICE, MICHAEL A., and GROVER C. STEPHENS. "Influx and Transepithelial Flux of Amino Acids in the Mussel, Mytilus Edulis." Journal of Experimental Biology 135, no. 1 (1988): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.135.1.275.

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The uptake of amino acids by the non-gill epithelia of the mantle cavity of Mytilus edulis L. was studied and compared with uptake by the gills. Amino acid entry rates and the subsequent distribution of amino acids to the other tissues of the animals were studied using high-performance liquid chromatography and radiochemical techniques. Uptake via the non-gill epithelia lining the mantle cavity was separated from uptake via the gill by employing a preparation in which the gills were surgically removed. Amino acid uptake by such animals was compared with that of suitably sham-operated controls.

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3

Rombough, P., and B. Moroz. "The scaling and potential importance of cutaneous and branchial surfaces in respiratory gas exchange in larval and juvenile walleye." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 18 (1997): 2459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.18.2459.

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Measurements were made of the surface areas (As) of the skin and gills of larval and juvenile walleye Stizostedion vitreum with a body mass (M) of between 2mg (1 day post hatch) and 2.3g (98 days post hatch). The skin, with a relative surface area (As/M) of approximately 8500mm2g-1, accounted for more than 99.9% of the total surface area (skin + gills) at 1 day post hatch. The relative area of the skin decreased as fish grew at an allometric rate of b-1=-0.32&plusmn;0.01 (mean &plusmn; s.e.m., where b-1 is the specific-mass exponent in the allometric equation YxM-1=aMb-1, in which Y is

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4

Santos, C. T. C., M. N. Fernandes, and W. Severi. "Respiratory gill surface area of a facultative air-breathing loricariid fish, Rhinelepis strigosa." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 11 (1994): 2009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-272.

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The respiratory surface area of the gill in relation to body mass of the facultative air-breathing loricariid fish Rhinelepis strigosa was analyzed using logarithmic transformation (log Y = log a + b log W) of the equation Y = aWb. The data revealed differences in growth pattern for each gill element. The increase in gill surface area was not isometric with body mass (b = 0.76). The total number of secondary lamellae (b = 0.38) and the average bilateral surface area of the secondary lamellae (b = 0.46) contributed most to the rate of development of the gill surface area (total area of the seco

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5

Stepanova, N. A., and D. I. Safronov. "Comparative morphology of gill apparatus of common carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>) and African catfish (<em>Clarias gariepinus</em>)." Issues of Legal Regulation in Veterinary Medicine, no. 2 (July 11, 2022): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2782-6252.2022.2.130.

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Common carp and African catfish belong to the Cyprinidae (Cypriniformes) and Catfish (Siluriformes) orders, respectively. They are characterized by a different habitat, as a result of which the structure of the gill apparatus has a number of features [3]. The article describes the macroscopic and microscopic morphology of the gills of the represented fish species. Each of them had four complete pairs of gills, and the fifth was rudimentary without gill filaments. The gill rakers of carp tended to be short and widely spaced compared to the long and thin rakers of catfish. The gill filaments of

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6

Duncan, Wallice Paxiúba, Maria Isabel da Silva, and Marisa Narciso Fernandes. "Gill dimensions in near-term embryos of Amazonian freshwater stingrays (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae) and their relationship to the lifestyle and habitat of neonatal pups." Neotropical Ichthyology 13, no. 1 (2015): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20140132.

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This comparative study of gill morphometrics in near-term embryos of freshwater stingray potamotrygonids examines gill dimensions in relation to neonatal lifestyle and habitat. In embryos of the potamotrygonids Paratrygon aiereba, Plesiotrygon iwamae, Potamotrygon motoro, Potamotrygon orbignyi, and cururu ray Potamotrygon sp. the number and length of filaments, total gill surface area, mass-specific surface area, water-blood diffusion distance, and anatomical diffusion factor were analysed. In all potamotrygonids, the 3rd branchial arch possessed a larger respiratory surface than the other gil

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7

Garuglieri, Elisa, Jenny Marie Booth, Marco Fusi, et al. "Morphological characteristics and abundance of prokaryotes associated with gills in mangrove brachyuran crabs living along a tidal gradient." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (2022): e0266977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266977.

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Due to the chemico-physical differences between air and water, the transition from aquatic life to the land poses several challenges for animal evolution, necessitating morphological, physiological and behavioural adaptations. Microbial symbiosis is known to have played an important role in eukaryote evolution, favouring host adaptation under changing environmental conditions. We selected mangrove brachyuran crabs as a model group to investigate the prokaryotes associated with the gill of crabs dwelling at different tidal levels (subtidal, intertidal and supratidal). In these animals, the gill

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8

HUGHES, GEORGE M., STEVEN F. PERRY, and JOHANNES PIIPER. "Morphometry of the Gills of the Elasmobranch Scyliorhinus Stellaris in Relation to Body Size." Journal of Experimental Biology 121, no. 1 (1986): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.121.1.27.

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In order to study the dependence of the dimensions of the respiratory apparatus on body size and to provide a morphometric basis for the analysis of branchial gas exchange function, the gills of 12 specimens of Scyliorhinus stellaris L., weighing 0.58-2.62 kg, were examined morphometrically. The average values and the local variations of the structural parameters determining diffusive gas transfer properties of the gills were determined. Particular attention was paid to corrections for shrinkage effects in surface area measurements and to corrections for the Holmes and slant effects in measure

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9

Hughes, G. M., and N. K. Kadhomiy-Al. "Gill Morphometry of the Mudskipper, Boleophthalmus Boddarti." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 66, no. 3 (1986): 671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400042272.

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Measurements of gill dimensions in relation to body weight have been carried out in a mudskipper, Boleophthalmus boddarti. The data was analysed with respect to body weight using logarithmic transformations (log Y = log a + b log W). The slope (b) of the log/log regression lines for the gill area, total filament length, average number of secondary lamellae/mm, bilateral area of an average secondary lamella, and total gill area/g were 1·0496, 0·427, -0·229, 0·851 and 00496 respectively.These results indicate variations in growth patterns for the different dimensions of the gills. The analysis s

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10

ROMBOUGH, PETER J., and BRENDA M. MOROZ. "The scaling and potential importance of cutaneous and branchial surfaces in respiratory gas exchange in young chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha)." Journal of Experimental Biology 154, no. 1 (1990): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.154.1.1.

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Measurements were made of the surface areas of the yolk sac, the fins, the head and trunk, the gill filaments and the gill lamellae of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Walbaum) weighing between 0.045 g (3.7 days posthatch) and 13.4g (180 days posthatch). Cutaneous surfaces initially accounted for the vast majority (approx. 96%) of the total area available for respiratory gas exchange. As fish grew, total branchial surface area expanded at a more rapid rate than cutaneous surface area and, thus, came to represent a progressively larger fraction of total surface area. The transition was

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11

Roubal, FR. "Gill Surface-Area and Its Components in the Yellowfin Bream, Acanthopagrus-Australis (Gunther) (Pisces, Sparidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 35, no. 1 (1987): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9870025.

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As head length (HL) of Acanthopagrus australis increases, fewer gill filaments are added, total gill filament length (TFL) increases linearly, and total gill surface area (TSA) increases exponentially. Changes in surface area components [surface area per lamella (SA), distance between adjacent lamellae (DBT) and number of lamellae per zone on one side of the filament (NPZ)] with increasing HL were examined in the distal, middle and basal zones (relative lengths 3:10:1) of a corresponding filament on the external hemibranch of the four gill arches. SA was the smallest in the basal zone and larg

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12

Pauly, Daniel, and Johannes Müller. "Fick’s Diffusion Laws and Scaling of the Gill Surface Area and Oxygen Uptake in Fish." Fishes 10, no. 5 (2025): 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes10050233.

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The oxygen consumption of adult fish (Q) is proportional to their body weight (W) raised to a power, estimated as the slope (dQ) of a linear regression of log(Q) vs. log(W). Similarly, the gill surface area of adult fish (GSA) is proportional to W raised to the power dG, as also estimated via a log-log linear proportional to their surface area. Moreover, because of Fick’s laws of diffusion, dQ should be at least similar to dG. Recently, the claim has been made that non-zero differences between dQ and dG invalidate the Gill-Oxygen Limitation Theory (GOLT), which suggests that the O2 supplied by

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13

Fiedler, Sonja, Hannah Wünnemann, Isabel Hofmann, et al. "A practical guide to unbiased quantitative morphological analyses of the gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in ecotoxicological studies." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0243462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243462.

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Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are frequently used as experimental animals in ecotoxicological studies, in which they are experimentally exposed to defined concentrations of test substances, such as heavy metals, pesticides, or pharmaceuticals. Following exposure to a broad variety of aquatic pollutants, early morphologically detectable toxic effects often manifest in alterations of the gills. Suitable methods for an accurate and unbiased quantitative characterization of the type and the extent of morphological gill alterations are therefore essential prerequisites for recognition, object

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14

Palzenberger, Margit, and Hannes Pohla. "Gill surface area of water-breathing freshwater fish." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 2, no. 3 (1992): 187–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00045037.

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15

Duncan, Wallice P. "Interspecific Differences in the Metabolic Rate, Gill Dimension and Hematology of Fish in an Amazonian Floodplain Lake." Aquatic Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ast.v8i1.15981.

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It has been hypothesized that respiratory physiology in fish is closely associated with ecological traits. Therefore, data on gill morphometrics (lamellae frequency, gill surface area and barrier thickness), metabolic rate (oxygen consumption) and blood oxygen capacity (hematology) were analyzed in several fish, including benthic, bentho-pelagic and pelagic species collected in an Amazon floodplain lake. Similar to other teleostean species, the 2nd and 3rd gill arches have numerous large filaments in both pelagic and benthic species, as these characteristics tend to increase the gill surface a

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16

Conserva-Guanzon, Grace S., and Emma Legaspi Ballad. "Infestation of isopod Norileca indica in big-eye scad Selar crumenopthalmus off Panay Gulf, Philippines." Maritime Technology and Research 7, no. 2 (2024): 270527. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2025.270527.

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The big-eye scad Selar crumenopthalmus is a commercially important fish species in the Philippines and is not exempted from parasite infestation. Thus, study aims to determine the prevalence and intensity of isopod infestation in fish, percentage reduction of respiratory surface area of gill filaments and condition factor of the fish. A total of 274 fish samples (mean FL 142 ± 5.88 mm) were collected and examined from Panay Gulf, Philippines. The prevalence and mean intensity of isopod, Norileca indica is 9.49 % and two isopods per fish (mean FL 142 ± 5.88mm), respectively. In fish samples wit

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17

Johnson, M. A., and C. Fernandez. "Bacterial symbiosis in Loripes lucinalis (Mollusca: Bivalvia) with comments on reproductive strategy." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81, no. 2 (2001): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540100371x.

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Loripes lucinalis, a littoral bivalve harbouring endocellular sulphur-oxidizing bacteria within its gills, was studied between September 1991 and September 1992 at the Moulin Blanc beach (Brittany, France). The general macro-anatomy of the gill consists of bacteriocyte channels and cylinders made up of two cell types, namely bacteriocytes and intermediate cells. In addition to the usual assortment of cell organelles, the bacteriocytes contain bacterial cells, electron-dense inclusions and large granular bodies. The bacteria are numerous within the bacteriocyte zone, representing 55±8% of the g

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18

OIKAWA, SHIN, and YASUO ITAZAWA. "Gill and Body Surface Areas of the Carp in relation to Body Mass, With Special Reference To The Metabolism-Size Relationship." Journal of Experimental Biology 117, no. 1 (1985): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.117.1.1.

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The relationships of resting metabolism per unit mass of body to gill and body surface areas were examined by measuring gill, body surface and fin areas of carp ranging from 0.0016 to 2250g. There was a triphasic allometry for the relationship between gill area and body mass: during the prelarval (0.0016–0.003 g) and postlarval (0.003–0.2g) stages there was a positive allometry (slopes of 7.066 and 1.222, respectively), during the juvenile and later stages (0.2–2250 g) there was a negative allometry with a slope of 0.794. There was a diphasic negative allometry for the relationship between sur

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19

Laurent, Pierre, and Nadra Hebibi. "Gill morphometry and fish osmoregulation." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 12 (1989): 3055–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-429.

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Morphofunctional parameters were studied during adaptation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to different ionic environments: Strasbourg tap water, ion-poor water, and artificial seawater. The gill lamellae displayed large changes in size. Surface area of individual lamellae increased in trout acclimated to ion-poor water or seawater. Conversely, the harmonic mean thickness of the lamellar epithelium decreased in seawater, and to an even greater extent in ion-poor water. The apical surface area of individual branchial filament chloride cells, the number of these cells, and their apical su

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20

Decelle, Johan, Ann Andersen, and Stéphane Hourdez. "Morphological adaptations to chronic hypoxia in deep-sea decapod crustaceans from hydrothermal vents and cold seeps." Marine biology 157 (March 6, 2010): 1259–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-010-1406-8.

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Animals inhabiting hydrothermal vents and cold seeps face conditions that are challenging for survival. In particular these two habitats are characterized by chronic hypoxia, sometimes reaching complete anoxia. The characteristics of the scaphognathite and gills were studied in 4 species of shrimp and 3 species of crabs from hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, in order to highlight potential adaptations that could enhance oxygen acquisition in comparison to shallow-water relatives. All the vent and seep species studied here exhibit significantly larger scaphognathites, likely allowing more wate

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21

Turko, Andy J., Bianca Cisternino, and Patricia A. Wright. "Calcified gill filaments increase respiratory function in fishes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1920 (2020): 20192796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2796.

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The morphology of fish gills is closely linked to aerobic capacity and tolerance of environmental stressors such as hypoxia. The importance of gill surface area is well studied, but little is known about how the mechanical properties of gill tissues determine function. In some fishes, the bases of the gill filaments are surrounded by a calcified ‘sheath' of unknown function. We tested two non-exclusive hypotheses: (i) calcified gill filaments enhance water flow through the gill basket, improving aquatic respiratory function, and (ii) in amphibious fishes, calcification provides support for gil

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22

Roubal, FR. "Comparison of Ectoparasite Pathology on Gills of Yellowfin Bream, Acanthopagrus-Australis (Gunther) (Pisces, Sparidae) - a Surface-Area Approach." Australian Journal of Zoology 35, no. 1 (1987): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9870093.

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The number of gill filaments, length of gill filament and corresponding surface area affected by individual adults of Haliotrerna spariensis (Monogenea) and Ergasilus sp. and individual adults, subadults and larvae of Alella macrotrachelus (Copepoda) are examined in a large size range of the host, Acanthopagrus australis. The effects of these parasites are analysed as proportions of total filament length and total gill surface area. The parasites arranged in order of increasing number of filaments affected are: Ergasilus sp., larval A. macrotrachelus, H. spariensis, subadult A. macrotrachelus

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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso, Franscisco Tadeu Rantin, Ana Lúcia Kalinin, and Sandro EsteVAN Moron. "Comparative study of gill dimensions of three erythrinid species in relation to their respiratory function." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 1 (1994): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-020.

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Gill dimensions were analysed in relation to body mass in three erythrinid fish, an air-breathing species, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, and two ecologically distinct water-breathing species, Hoplias malabaricus and Hoplias lacerdae. Evidence was obtained of remarkable differences in patterns of increase in filament length, number of secondary lamellae, bilateral area of the secondary lamellae, total area of the secondary lamellae, and mass-specific area of the secondary lamellae among these three species. The analysis showed a large increase in respiratory surface area relative to body mass in

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Dietz, T. H., W. L. Steffens, W. T. Kays, and H. Silverman. "Serotonin localization in the gills of the freshwater mussel, Ligumia subrostrata." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 6 (1985): 1237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-185.

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Exogenous serotonin stimulates sodium influx in Unionid mussels and in isolated gill tissue, which suggests that sodium transport in mussels is regulated by serotonin. The present study was an attempt to localize endogenous serotonin within the gill of Ligumia subrostrata. Examination of the gills at the light and electron microscopic levels revealed extensive branchial nerve tracts lying anterior–posterior between the adjacent gill filaments of each lamellar surface. In addition, there was a smaller nerve tract lying along the base of the water channel epithelium. These nerve tracts have a di

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Hill, Warren G., John C. Mathai, Rebekah H. Gensure, et al. "Permeabilities of teleost and elasmobranch gill apical membranes: evidence that lipid bilayers alone do not account for barrier function." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 287, no. 1 (2004): C235—C242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00017.2004.

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Teleosts and elasmobranchs faced with considerable osmotic challenges living in sea water, use compensatory mechanisms to survive the loss of water (teleosts) and urea (elasmobranchs) across epithelial surfaces. We hypothesized that the gill, with a high surface area for gas exchange must have an apical membrane of exceptionally low permeability to prevent equilibration between seawater and plasma. We isolated apical membrane vesicles from the gills of Pleuronectes americanus (winter flounder) and Squalus acanthias (dogfish shark) and demonstrated approximately sixfold enrichment of the apical

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Stenslokken, K. O., L. Sundin, and G. E. Nilsson. "Cardiovascular and gill microcirculatory effects of endothelin-1 in atlantic cod: evidence for pillar cell contraction." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 9 (1999): 1151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.9.1151.

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Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been shown to cause a considerable increase in the vascular resistance of fish gills. In trout, recent evidence suggest that this is the result of pillar cell contraction in the gill lamellae. Using epi-illumination microscopy to observe the gill lamellae of anaesthetised Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), we show that ET-1 (100 ng kg-1, injected into the ventral aorta) causes an increase in pillar cell diameter, consistent with pillar cell contraction, and a shift of intralamellar blood flow from the lamellar sheet to the outer marginal channels. Simultaneously, there was an

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Bigman, Jennifer S., Sebastián A. Pardo, Tanya S. Prinzing, Marc Dando, Nicholas C. Wegner, and Nicholas K. Dulvy. "Ecological lifestyles and the scaling of shark gill surface area." Journal of Morphology 279, no. 12 (2018): 1716–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20879.

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Gilmour, Kathleen M., and Steve F. Perry. "Conflict and Compromise: Using Reversible Remodeling to Manage Competing Physiological Demands at the Fish Gill." Physiology 33, no. 6 (2018): 412–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00031.2018.

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The structural features of the fish gill necessary for oxygen uptake also favor undesirable, passive movements of ions and water. Reversible gill remodeling is one solution to this conflict. Cell masses that limit functional surface area are lost when oxygen availability decreases in hypoxia or oxygen demand increases with exercise or high temperature. However, much remains to be learned about how widespread reversible gill remodeling is among fish species, and how and why it occurs.

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Schmitz, A., M. Gemmel, and S. F. Perry. "Morphometric partitioning of respiratory surfaces in amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum Pallas)." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 22 (2000): 3381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.22.3381.

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The anatomical diffusing factors (ADFs), defined as the ratio of surface area to the thickness of the diffusion barrier, of possible respiratory surfaces of adult amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) were evaluated using stereological methods. The ADF is greatest for the lining of the atrium and for the skin covering the segmental muscles. Calculation of the diffusing capacities for O(2) revealed that the lining of the atrium makes up nearly 83 % of the entire diffusing capacity (8.86 × 10(−3) microl min(−1)mg(−1)kPa(−1) while the skin over the segmental muscles (9%), the skin over the metapl

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Laurent, Pierre, Michael P. Wilkie, Claudine Chevalier, and Chris M. Wood. "The effect of highly alkaline water (pH 9.5) on the morphology and morphometry of chloride cells and pavement cells in the gills of the freshwater rainbow trout: relationship to ionic transport and ammonia excretion." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 2 (2000): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-207.

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Exposure of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to alkaline water (pH 9.5) impairs ammonia excretion (JAmm) and gill-mediated ion-exchange processes, as characterized by decreased Cl- (JC1in) and Na+ influx (JNain) across the gill. Scanning electron microscopy suggested that the depression of JC1in was concomitant with an early decrease in the population of the most active chloride cells (CCs), partly compensated for by an increasing number of immature CCs. However, within 72 h after the onset of exposure to alkaline water, there was a 2-fold increase in the fractional apical surface area of C

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Zia, S., and D. G. McDonald. "Role of the Gills and Gill Chloride Cells in Metal Uptake in the Freshwater-Adapted Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 11 (1994): 2482–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-247.

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Fish gills are a primary target of metals from the external environment and serve as a major route for metal uptake. After 12-h exposures to 1 μM 109Cd, 65Zn, or 64Cu in "Ca2+-free" water, gills concentrated metals 3 to 11-fold and contained 38–50% of the total metal burden while sustaining only minor epithelial damage. A twofold increase in chloride cell (CC) surface area had no effect on Cu uptake and actually decreased Zn uptake, confirming that CCs are not primarily involved in the uptake of either metal. In contrast, Cd uptake increased with CC proliferation. Autoradiography revealed a hi

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Omirinde, J., B. Audu, O. Mohammed, and I. Gosomji. "Histomorphometric changes in the gill of Clarias gariepinus exposed to acute concentrations of chlorpyrifos." Journal of Morphological Sciences 34, no. 03 (2017): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.105516.

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Abstract Introduction: Chlorpyrifos is an agrochemical pesticide of fame that is commonly used by farmers to control pests. This chemical may become harmful to fish when washed into waterways leading to aquatic environment. This study investigates the histo-morphometric changes in the gills of African Catfish Clarias gariepinus exposed to acute toxic concentrations of chlorpyrifos. Materials and Methods: Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (weight 7.28 ± 0.03g and length 4.82 ± 0.06cm) were exposed to grades of (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 pml/L) chlorpyrifos in solution. The 96 hour LC50 value of c

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Wells, P., and A. Pinder. "The respiratory development of Atlantic salmon. I. Morphometry of gills, yolk sac and body surface." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 12 (1996): 2725–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.12.2725.

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During development from larva to juvenile in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, there is a change in the anatomical potential for gas exchange among gills, body skin and yolk sac as the larvae resorb yolk, grow and develop gills. Newly hatched Atlantic salmon have poorly developed gills but do have a high skin area to mass ratio and a large well-vascularized yolk sac. Cutaneous surfaces accounted for over 95 % of the total area available for respiration in newly hatched Atlantic salmon (body mass 0.032&shy;0.060 g). The branchial contribution to total area increased rapidly, however, so that by

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Pauly, Daniel. "The gill-oxygen limitation theory (GOLT) and its critics." Science Advances 7, no. 2 (2021): eabc6050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc6050.

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The gill-oxygen limitation theory (GOLT) provides mechanisms for key aspects of the biology (food conversion efficiency, growth and its response to temperature, the timing of maturation, and others) of water-breathing ectotherms (WBEs). The GOLT’s basic tenet is that the surface area of the gills or other respiratory surfaces of WBE cannot, as two-dimensional structures, supply them with sufficient oxygen to keep up with the growth of their three-dimensional bodies. Thus, a lower relative oxygen supply induces sexual maturation, and later a slowing and cessation of growth, along with an increa

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35

Mitrovic, Dejana, Agnieszka Dymowska, Goran E. Nilsson, and Steve F. Perry. "Physiological consequences of gill remodeling in goldfish (Carassius auratus) during exposure to long-term hypoxia." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 297, no. 1 (2009): R224—R234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00189.2009.

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Goldfish ( Carassius auratus) acclimated to 7°C and exposed to hypoxia (∼10 mmHg) for 7 days exhibited a pronounced remodeling of the gill consisting of the removal of an interlamellar cell mass (ILCM). Subsequent experiments were designed to assess the impact of gill remodeling and the associated increase in functional lamellar surface area on the distribution of branchial ionocytes and Cl− flux across the gill. Despite the increased functional lamellar surface area during hypoxia, there was no corresponding increase in Cl− loss or efflux of the extracellular marker polyethylene glycol (PEG 4

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36

PIIPER, JOHANNES, PETER SCHEID, STEVEN F. PERRY, and GEORGE M. HUGHES. "Effective and Morphometric Oxygen-Diffusing Capacity of the Gills of the Elasmobranch Scyliorhinus Stellaris." Journal of Experimental Biology 123, no. 1 (1986): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.123.1.27.

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Calculations of the effective O2 conductance (diffusing capacity or transfer factor, Dcff) of fish gills, obtained from experimental data on gill O2 exchange, were compared with the predicted CVexchange properties of gill models based on morphometric measurements of the elasmobranch, Scyliorhinus stellaris. Deff was calculated from O2 uptake and POO2 in gill water and blood, using a modified Bohr integration technique. In the morphometric gill model, O2 conductance was considered for both the water-blood tissue barrier (Dm) and the interlamellar water (Dw). Dm was calculated from the total sec

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37

Bindon, Shawn D., James C. Fenwick, and Steve F. Perry. "Branchial chloride cell proliferation in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: implications for gas transfer." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 8 (1994): 1395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-184.

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The effects of branchial chloride cell proliferation on ion transport capability and gill morphometry were evaluated in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, to test the hypothesis that chloride cell (CC) proliferation benefits ionic regulation at the expense of efficient gas transfer. The extent of hormone-induced CC proliferation (using ovine growth hormone (oGH), cortisol, or a combination of both) on the gill filament epithelium was assessed by determining the fractional surface area of exposed cells using scanning electron microscopy. Cortisol and oGH were equally effective in increasin

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38

Vutukuru, S., Ch Suma, K. Madhavi, et al. "Studies on the Development of Potential Biomarkers for Rapid Assessment of Copper Toxicity to Freshwater Fish using Esomus danricus as Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2, no. 1 (2005): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2005010063.

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Living in an environment that has been altered considerably by anthropogenic activities, fish are often exposed to a multitude of stressors including heavy metals. Copper ions are quite toxic to fish when concentrations are increased in environmental exposures often resulting in physiological, histological, biochemical and enzymatic alterations in fish, which have a great potential to serve as biomarkers. Esomus danricus was chosen as model in the present study and the metabolic rate, gill morphology, total glycogen, total protein, superoxide dismutase and catalase were critically evaluated. T

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GRAHAM, JEFFREY B., TROY A. BAIRD, and WIELAND STÖCKMANN. "The Transition to Air Breathing in Fishes: IV. Impact of Branchial Specializations for Air Breathing on the Aquatic Respiratory Mechanisms and Ventilatory Costs of the Swamp Eel Synbranchus Marmoratus." Journal of Experimental Biology 129, no. 1 (1987): 83–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.129.1.83.

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The gills, adjacent buccopharyngeal epithelium, and skin of the swamp eel Synbranchus marmoratus (Bloch) function for both aerial and aquatic respiration. Aquatic cutaneous O2 uptake occurs continuously at rates that, while dependent upon aquatic 2 tension (PwOO2), are in direct proportion to body surface area. Branchial aquatic O2 uptake takes place during intermittent ventilation which occurs in proportion to body mass. Because of reductions in the body surface area to volume ratio that occur with growth, cutaneous oxygen uptake comprises a larger percentage of the total oxygen uptake of sma

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40

Li, Guangling, Binghua Liu, Jun Yang, et al. "Acute Hypoxia Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Gill of Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) by Modulating the Epas1/Bad Pathway." Biology 11, no. 11 (2022): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11111656.

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The physiological responses and molecular mechanisms of apoptosis in Japanese flounder under hypoxic stress remain unclear. In the present study, we performed acute hypoxia stress on Japanese flounder (2.39 ± 0.84 mg/L) and detected gills responses in histomorphology and molecular mechanisms. The results showed that the volume of the interlamellar cell mass decreased and the gill lamellae prolonged, indicating the expansion of the respiratory surface area. Additionally, the fluorescence signal of apoptosis increased under hypoxic stress. In addition, the expression of two genes (EPAS1 and Bad)

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41

Nowak, Barbara F., Mai Dang, Claire Webber, et al. "Changes in the Splenic Melanomacrophage Centre Surface Area in Southern Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) Are Associated with Blood Fluke Infections." Pathogens 10, no. 1 (2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010079.

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Melanomacrophage centres (MMCs) are aggregates of macrophages accumulating various pigments. They have been proposed as an indicator of fish immune response. Blood flukes are common parasites in farmed fish. Two cohorts of wild Southern Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus maccoyi) were examined at transfer, before treatment against blood flukes (pre-treatment) and at harvest. MMCs were assessed in histological sections using image analysis, while Cardicola forsteri and Cardicola orientalis infection severity was determined using qPCR, count of adult flukes in heart flushes and count of eggs in gill filament

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Honcharov, S. L. "Distribution of larvae of the Trematoda Cryptokotyle lühe, 1899 (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) in the body of gobiidae fish." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 95 (2019): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9502.

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The analysis of the results of studies of the distribution of pathogens of cryptocotylosis in the body of gobies is given (Mesogobius batrachocephalus Pallas, 1814, Neogobius melanostomum Pallas, 1814, Neogobius fluviatialis Pallas, 1814). Modern informational data from the scientific literature on the spread of this parasite in Ukraine and the world are presented. It has been established that the main place of localization of pathogens of cryptocotylosis is the dorso-cranial part of the body. The highest infection rates were recorded in the area of the first and second dorsal fin – 20.8 and 1

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Fábio, Flores-Lopes, Santos Carolyne S., and de OliveiraRafaela R. "Histopathological Alterations in Gills of Neotropical Fish Cheirodon interruptus in an Environment Influenced by a Wood Treatment Plant." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 01 (2022): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i01.014.

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The gill epithelium has an important role in maintenance of ionic and osmotic balance of fish a getting as response to physiological and environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pathological alterations in the gills of the fish Cheirodon interruptus collected in the municipality of Triunfo – RS, in two consecutive years (2008 and 2009) from one point located inside the area of a wood treatment plant. The collected fish were fixed in formol 10% and preserved in 70% ethanol. The gills were removed and prepared using routine histological technique. The data demonstr

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Glazier, Douglas S., and David A. Paul. "Ecology of ontogenetic body-mass scaling of gill surface area in a freshwater crustacean." Journal of Experimental Biology 220, no. 11 (2017): 2120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.155242.

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45

Wilson, Rod W., Harold L. Bergman, and Chris M. Wood. "Metabolic Costs and Physiological Consequences of Acclimation to Aluminum in Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 2: Gill Morphology, Swimming Performance, and Aerobic Scope." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 3 (1994): 536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-056.

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Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, 5–13 g) were chronically exposed to sublethal Al (38 μg∙L−1) in acidified soft water (Na+ = 85, Ca2+ = 28 μEq∙L−1, pH 5.2–5.4) for 36 d. Acclimation (increased resistance to challenge with 162 μg Al∙L−1 Al at pH 5.2) occurred after 5 d and was associated with a fourfold increase in gill mucous cell density and reduction in apparent lamellar surface area; initially elevated blood–water diffusion distances returned to normal after 34 d, but the reduction in apparent surface area persisted. Chronic exposure to acid alone (pH 5.2, same water chemistry)

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46

Wells, P., and A. Pinder. "The respiratory development of Atlantic salmon. II. Partitioning of oxygen uptake among gills, yolk sac and body surfaces." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 12 (1996): 2737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.12.2737.

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During post-hatch development of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), O2 uptake partitioning changes from primarily cutaneous to primarily branchial. Over 80 % of post-hatch O2 uptake was cutaneous, with the yolk sac responsible for 33 % of total O2 uptake. The well-vascularized yolk sac was a less effective gas exchanger than the unperfused skin of the body, suggesting that oxygen delivery is by direct diffusion to the tissues. Branchial O2 uptake increased quickly as gill lamellae developed, contributing 60 % of total O2 uptake before the completion of yolk resorption (body mass 0.2 g) and incr

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47

Silverman, Harold, Julie S. Cherry, John W. Lynn, Thomas H. Dietz, S. J. Nichols, and Eric Achberger. "Clearance of laboratory-cultured bacteria by freshwater bivalves: differences between lentic and lotic unionids." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 11 (1997): 1857–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-815.

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Nine species of unionids cleared laboratory-raised Escherichia coli from artificial pond water. The six unionid species collected from rivers had higher clearance rates than the three species collected from ponds, when clearance was normalized to millilitres per gram of dry tissue mass per minute. Analysis of variance indicated that all lotic unionids examined form a group with similar clearance rates. When normalized on the basis of gill surface area, rates of clearance by all of the lotic unionids become remarkably similar to one another regardless of mass, but differ significantly from thos

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48

Benz, George W., and Kevin S. Dupre. "Spatial distribution of the parasite Kroyeria carchariaeglauci Hesse, 1879 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Kroyeriidae) on gills of the blue shark (Prionace glauca (L., 1758))." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 5 (1987): 1275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-199.

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Five blue sharks (Prionace glauca) were examined for gill-infesting copepods. Three species of siphonostomatoid copepods were collected: Gangliopus pyriformis, Phyllothyreus cornutus, and Kroyeria carchariaeglauci. The spatial distribution of K. carchariaeglauci was analyzed. The number of K. carchariaeglauci per shark was positively related to gill surface area and host size. Copepods were unevenly distributed amongst hemibranchs; flanking hemibranchs could be arranged into three statistically homogeneous groups. Female K. carchariaeglauci typically attached themselves within the middle 40% o

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Julio, AE, and SF Perry. "The effects of reduced gill surface area on gas transfer in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 124 (August 1999): S94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(99)90371-9.

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Avella, Martine, Olivier Ducoudret, Didier F. Pisani, and Philippe Poujeol. "Swelling-activated transport of taurine in cultured gill cells of sea bass: physiological adaptation and pavement cell plasticity." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 296, no. 4 (2009): R1149—R1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.90615.2008.

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We have investigated volume-activated taurine transport and ultrastructural swelling response of sea bass gill cells in culture, assuming that euryhaline fish may have developed particularly efficient mechanisms of salinity adaptation. In vivo, when sea basses were progressively transferred from seawater to freshwater, we noticed a decrease in blood osmotic pressure. When gill cells in culture were subjected to 30% hypotonic shock, we observed a five-fold stimulation of [3H]taurine efflux. This transport was reduced by various anion channel inhibitors with the following efficiency: 5-nitro-2-(

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