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Academic literature on the topic 'Gills histopathology'
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Journal articles on the topic "Gills histopathology"
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Wakawa, A. I., and S. B. Audu. "Histopathological alterations in gills, kidney and liver of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings exposed to aqueous leaf extract of Desert Date (Balanites aegyptiaca)." Zoologist (The) 18, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tzool.v18i1.12.
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One of the many biomarkers for determining the effects of pollutants on fish is changes in organ histopathology. Leaves of Balanites aegyptiaca have been reported to have phytochemicals with fish anaesthetic property. This study sought to determine the effect of graded acute concentrations (200.00, 250.00, 300.00.350.00 and 400.00 mg/L) of B. aegyptiaca on histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of mixed sex of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. A total of 120 O. niloticus fingerlings (mean weight 23±0.03 g and mean total length 12.50±0.39 cm) were exposed to the plant extract. Paraffin wax method and haematoxylin-eosin staining techniques of tissue processing were adopted for the examination of the gills, kidney and liver. Dose-dependent histopathological changes were observed in the three organs (gills, kidney and liver) i.e. histopathological alterations increase with increase in concentration of the plant extract. Gills showed lamellae fusion, haemorrhage, desquamation, atrophy and secondary lamellae erosion while kidney and liver indicated atrophy, necrosis, haemorrhage, hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Structural alterations were evident in the gills, kidney and liver of O. niloticus fingerlings exposed to the concentrations of aqueous crude leaf extract of B. aegyptiaca therefore it should be used with caution during fish anaesthesia.
Keywords: Histopathology; Gill; Kidney; Liver; Balanites aegyptiaca; Oreochromis niloticus.
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Zade, S. B., D. M. Agase, A. M. Nagwnshi, H. N. Nenwani, S. N. Qureshi, and H. Jagyasi. "Studies on the toxicity of 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran on the histopathology of gills of African catfish Clarias gariepinus." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i2.1775.
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In the present study, investigation were carried out on gills of African cat fish Clarias gariepinus exposed to sub lethal concentrations (80mg/ml,400mg/ml and 800mg/ml) of 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran for 10 days. Lesions were observed in gills tissue of treated fish for long term exposure to Methyltetrahydrofuran (2MTHF). The occurrence and degree of alteration were positively related with the concentration of 2MTHF. Histological examination of the gills of fish treated with 80 mg/ml of 2MTHF for 10 days showed architectural loss, necrosis and desquamation of epithelial layer. Histological examination of the gills of fish treated with 400 mg/ml of 2MTHF for 10 days showed architectural loss, necrosis and mild vaccuolation. The gill filament exhibited telangiectesis, disorganisation of secondary gill lamellae and complete vaccuolation of gills treated with 800 mg/ml of 2MTHF for 10 days. The study indicated that 2MTHF had marked effects on the cyto-architecture of the gills of C. gariepinus. The degree of vaccuolation and necrosis were positively related with the concentration of 2MTHF.
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Magor, Brad G. "Gill histopathology of juvenile Oncorhynchus kisutch exposed to suspended wood debris." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 2164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-323.
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Gill histopathology was examined in three groups of parr of coho salmn (Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum)) maintained for 30 days in suspended wood debris (< 1.00 mm diameter; concentrations of 44–132 mg/L dry weight) collected from an estuarine log sorting site. Gills of fishes were examined by light microscopy following exposure, and histopathologic responses were indexed by percentage of gill filaments affected. Lamellar edema and telangiectasis each had statistically significant (P < 0.05) associations with exposure to the suspended debris, and the severity of these conditions was positively correlated with increased concentrations of debris. The severity of hyperplasia of the primary filament epithelium did not correlate with the concentration of debris. The total number of gill lesions in each fish (sum of hyperplasia, telangiectasis, and edema) was positively correlated with the concentration of debris to which the fish were exposed, and negatively correlated with the percent weight increment (((final weight – initial weight)/initial weight) × 100) of fishes over the experimental period.
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Campos, Cristiane Meldau de, Julieta Rondini Engrácia de Moraes, and Flávio Ruas de Moraes. "Histopathology of gills of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) and Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836) infested by monogenean and myxosporea, caugth in Aquidauana River, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 20, no. 1 (March 2011): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612011000100014.
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A histological analysis was conducted on the gills of 15 Piaractus mesopotamicus and 19 Prochilodus lineatus specimens collected between April and November 2004 from the Aquidauana River, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central-West Brazil, to describe the anatomopathological characteristics of the gills of these freshwater fish. Gill samples were fixated in 10% buffered formalin and processed following histological routine procedures. The histological examination of the gills of P. mesopotamicus revealed intralamellar monogenean and mixosporean cysts of Henneguya piaractus at several developmental stages over the entire (basal, median and distal) lamella. Intraepithelial cysts caused lamella dilation and deformity of adjacent lamellae. In P. lineatus gills, monogenean cysts were detected. In both host species, hyperplasia of the gill epithelium and structural disorganization of secondary lamellae was seen diffusely in the gills, leading to fused lamellae in the gills. In few cases, there was found mononuclear inflammatory cells and hemorrhagic focal points distally in the lamellae.
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Mansouri, Borhan, and Seyed Ali Johari. "Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles on Histopathology and Electron Microscope Ultrastructure of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Gills." Iranian Journal of Toxicology 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijt.10.1.60.4.
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Background: The increasing use of nanomaterials and nanoproducts has increased the possibility of contamination of the environment, which may have adverse effects on different organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of silver nanoparticles on histopathology and gill ultrastructure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) under laboratory conditions. Methods: Zebrafish were exposed to four concentrations of silver nanoparticles (0.0015, 0.00375, 0.0075, and 0.015 mg/l) for a period of 4 days. Gill ultrastructure and histopathological changes were studied using scanning electron microscope and haematoxylin - eosin staining. Results: Exposure to silver nanoparticles significantly (P < 0.001) increased the diameter of gill filaments and secondary lamellae, while silver nanoparticles significantly reduced the length of the secondary gills in zebrafish. Moreover, other changes such as vacuolization, dilated and clubbed tips, hyperplasia, edema, fusion, swelling of mucocytes, hypertrophy, and necrosis were observed. The effects of silver nanoparticles in zebrafish gills were dose dependent. Conclusion: Based on the adverse effects of AgNPs on zebrafish gills, silver nanoparticle solutions can be hazardous pollutants for the environment.
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Mitchell, Lawrence G. "Myxobolid parasites (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) infecting fishes of western Montana, with notes on histopathology, seasonality, and intraspecific variation." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 1915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-274.
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Cypriniform and salmonid fishes of the Columbia River drainage of western Montana harbor five members of the myxozoan family Myxobolidae. Myxobolus muelleri inhabits Ptychocheilus oregonensis (northern squawfish), Mylocheilus caurinus (peamouth), Richardsonius balteatus (redside shiner), and Catostomus macrocheilus (largescale sucker). Cysts appeared in gills, musculature, subcutis, and visceral mesenteries. Unencysted spores infiltrated mesenteries and viscera. Spore size and shape in the various tissues and hosts were highly varied. Muscle and subcutaneous cysts were associated with connective tissue proliferation and muscle degeneration; cyst rupture was associated with diffuse inflammation and rodlet cell proliferation. Infection prevalence in muscles and kidneys was high in adult and juvenile hosts (78–100%) throughout the year. Seasonal prevalence of gill and subcutaneous infections fluctuated markedly. Cysts of Myxobolus dujardini occurred in gills of the northern squawfish, peamouth, and redside shiner. Unicauda sp. was found in the eye capsule, gall bladder, mesenteries, and kidney of northern squawfish. Henneguya zschokkei occurred in intermuscular connective tissue of Prosopium coulteri (pygmy whitefish) and Prosopium williamsoni (mountain whitefish). Myxobolus sp. occurred in the gills of Catostomus catostomus (longnose sucker).
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Silva, Weliton Vilhalba da, Henrique Momo Ziemniczak, Flávia Barbieri Bacha, Rudã Brandão Santos Fernandes, Rodrigo Yudi Fujimoto, Rebeca Maria Sousa, Klaus Casaro Saturnino, and Claucia Aparecida Honorato. "Respiratory profile and gill histopathology of Carassius auratus exposed to different salinity concentrations." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 42, no. 5 (July 2, 2021): 2993–3006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n5p2993.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the chronic salinity tolerance of Carassius auratus and the effects on blood parameters, gill morphology, and survival. In the first test, nine different concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g L-1) of NaCl were used with nine repetitions for 96 h. The survival of fish subjected to 15 g L-1 NaCl was 4 h, and 5 min at a concentration of 25 g L-1. The mortality of fish with 15 g L-1 NaCl was 100%. Morphological analyses of the gills showed hyperplasia of the coated cells in the interlamellar space and hypersecretion of mucus in fish exposed to 10 g L-1 of NaCl. At concentrations of 20 and 25 g L-1, necrosis of the support collagen caused the cells to detach from the lamellar structure mucosa. In the chronic test, two concentrations were used, with four replications containing nine fish in each aquarium for a period of 21 days. Blood samples and gills from the fish were collected, and it was observed that the fish showed a decrease in the concentration of bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in the blood, indicating hypernatremia. Acute exposure of C. auratus to sodium chloride (NaCl) should be at a maximum of 10 g L-1 of NaCl, after which level there would be a loss in animal performance and/or mortality. Chronic exposure to 5 g L-1 of NaCl promotes acidemia, ionic imbalance, and pathological changes in the gills; therefore, it is not recommended.
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Leino, R. L., J. H. McCormick, and K. M. Jensen. "Multiple effects of acid and aluminum on brood stock and progeny of fathead minnows, with emphasis on histopathology." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-035.
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Thirty-day-old fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, were reared at different pH values in softened Lake Superior water enriched with aluminum: pH 7.5–35 μg Al/L, pH 5.5–30 μg Al/L, pH 5.2–35 and 60 μg Al/L, including a background level of 15 μg Al/L, and at pH 7.5, 6.0, 5.5, and 5.2 at background Al levels. Spawning was greatly reduced at pH 6.0, pH 5.5–30 μg Al/L, and pH 5.5 and failed at pH 5.2 with or without added Al. The adult brood stock exhibited abnormalities at low pH, which could have contributed to poor spawning success or energy utilization: (i) thickened respiratory epithelium in the gills, (ii) hyperplasia of primary lamellar epithelium in the gills, (iii) increased number of gill chloride cells, (iv) reduced gill perfusion, (v) immature ovaries and oocyte atresia, (vi) immature and pathologic testes, (vii) abnormal distal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidneys, and (viii) reduced blood osmolality at pH 5.5 and 5.2 when no Al was added. Hatching success and larval survival were reduced when spawning occurred at or below pH 6.0; these larvae often had retarded swim bladder development and yolk absorption and some stages had abnormal gills, kidneys, and liver glycogen reserves. This study further supports the relationship between acidification, histological changes, ionoregulatory disturbances, altered energy metabolism, and recruitment failure.
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Kirk, R. S., and J. W. Lewis. "Histopathology of Sanguinicola inermis infection in carp, Cyprinus carpio." Journal of Helminthology 72, no. 1 (March 1998): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00000948.
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AbstractThe histopathological response of carp to Sanguinicola inermis was investigated by serial sectioning laboratory infected fish up to 90 days post infection (d p.i.). Juvenile flukes and adults caused mechanical damage to tissues during invasion and migration up to 28 d p.i. Adults partially occluded blood vessels and may have reduced blood circulation. In the initial phase of egg production (28–42 d p.i.), eggs and emigrating miracidia in gill tissue caused breakdown of vascular integrity, necrosis, hyperplasia, haemorrhage and eosinophilic infiltration of epithelial tissue. After 42 d p.i. the host granulomatous inflammatory response encapsulated eggs lodged in the gills, visceral sites and connective tissue displacing normal tissue. Encapsulation and subsequent degradation of eggs and miracidia within granulomata was highly developed by 90 d p.i. Laboratory infections of S. inermis can induce respiratory distress and therefore impair respiration of fish. The parasite also caused pathological changes in osmoregulatory, excretory and haemopoietic tissue and may impair function in these organ systems.
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Topal, Ahmet, Muhammed Atamanalp, Ertan Oruç, Yeliz Demir, Şükrü Beydemir, and Alparslan Işık. "In vivo changes in carbonic anhydrase activity and histopathology of gill and liver tissues after acute exposure to chlorpyrifos in rainbow trout." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 65, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-65-2014-2547.
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Abstract Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide widely used in agriculture and aquaculture. This study investigated its effects on carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme activity and histopathology of rainbow trout gill and liver. The fish were exposed to 2.25 (25 % of 96 h LC50), 4.5 (50 % of 96 h LC50), and 6.75 μg L-1 (75 % of 96 h LC50) of chlorpyrifos for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. CA activity was measured in liver and gills and histopathological changes were examined by light microscopy. The most common liver changes at most of the chlorpyrifos concentrations were hyperaemia and degenerative changes. Gill tissues were characterised by lamellar hyperaemia, lamellar oedemas, clumping, cellular degeneration, hyperplasia, and lamellar atrophy. CA enzyme activity in the gills decreased at all concentrations at 48, 72, and 96 h after exposure to chlorpyrifos (p<0.05). Similarly, there was a time-dependent decrease in CA activity at all of the concentrations in liver tissues (p<0.05). The present study indicated that chlorpyrifos inhibits CA enzyme activity and causes histopathological damage in gill and liver tissues
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Gills histopathology"
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Rodrigues, Beatriz Kawamura. "Avaliação dos impactos de agrotóxicos na região do Alto Mogi-Guaçu (MG) por meio de ensaios laboratoriais com Danio rerio (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-04102007-160339/.
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O município de Bom Repouso, região da nascente do rio Mogi-Guaçu, está localizado a sudoeste do Estado de Minas Gerais, sendo reconhecido nacionalmente pela produção de morango - o município é responsável por 40% da produção nacional - e batata inglesa - o Estado é o primeiro produtor nacional desta cultura. Esses cultivos, porém, geram impactos ambientais em função do uso excessivo de agrotóxicos. Considerando que tais produtos podem se acumular no solo e serem carreados para o ambiente aquático, cujos efeitos danosos podem se estender aos organismos aquáticos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os impactos causados pelos agrotóxicos em sistemas naturais, por meio de análises físicas e químicas e da realização de bioensaios ecotoxicológicos com amostras de solo provenientes das duas principais culturas desenvolvidas na região (morango e batata), utilizando-se como organismos-teste juvenis da espécie Danio rerio (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae). Os resultados mostram que a região sofre com o impacto das lavouras em função não apenas da utilização de agrotóxicos, mas também pelo uso de fertilizantes. Os bioensaios revelaram baixa toxicidade das amostras, porém efeitos sobre o crescimento e alterações histolpatológicas nas brânquias foram observados nos organismos submetidos aos testes. As alterações histológicas foram, em geral, relacionadas à proliferação celular, dilatação de capilares, deslocamento de epitélio branquial, além de aneurismas e fusão de lamelas.Bom Repouso, region of Mogi-Guaçu river riverhead, is located in the southwest of Minas Gerais State, in Brazil, is widely recognized by the production of strawberry - the municipality is responsible for 40% of the national production - and potato - the State is the first national producer of this culture. However, the intensive use of pesticides in these cultures creates several environmental impacts. Considering that such products can be accumulated in the soil and carried into the aquatic environment, with hazardous effects being extended to the aquatic organisms, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts caused by these pesticides in natural systems. Physical and chemical analysis were made, as well as bioassays with soil samples proceeding from the two main cultures (strawberry and potato), using Danio rerio (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) juveniles as test-organisms. The results showed that the Mogi-Guaçu basin suffers not only due pesticides applications, but also due to the fertilizer use. The bioassays revealed low toxicity of the samples. Despite of it, some negative effects in the growth and histopathological alterations in the gills were observed in the organisms submitted to the tests.
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ROCHA, Thiago Lopes. "Biomarcadores comportamentais, histopatológicos e proteômicos da toxicidade aguda da formulação comercial do herbicida glifosato em poecilia reticulata." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1266.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-29The mechanism of acute toxicity of the commercial formulation glyphosate, Roundup Transorb® (RDT), was investigated in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) gills using proteomic technologies associated with analyses of histopathological indexes (HI´s), followed by quantification of histopathological lesions of the gills. Additionally, the present study describes a protocol for the analysis of fish behavior using measurements of the Index of morphofunctional behavior (Imb) and Total (Itb). The results indicate that the acute toxicity of RDT may change P. reticulata behavior as a consequence of changes in the expression of proteins associated with cyto-histopathological lesions of the gills. RDT LC50,96h for guppy females was 7.54 ± 0.93 μL.L-1, indicating that the species is moderately sensitive to this herbicide. Acute exposure to RDT sublethal concentration of 3.8 μL.L-1 induced time-dependent histopathological lesions of the gills in different epithelial and muscle cell types. HI´s were related to increase in severity and frequency of histopathological lesions and suggest that RDT may cause regressive, circulatory, and progressive disorders in the guppy gills. Two-dimensional electrophoresis associated with mass spectrometry and biocomputing permitted to verify 48 spots of proteins/isoforms regulated by RDT, which are involved in different cell processes, such as energy metabolism, regulation and maintenance of cytoskeleton, metabolism of nucleic acids and proteins in response to stress. The study of behavior biomarkers (BM´s) indicates that Imb and Itb were viable in the analysis of P. reticulata behavioral changes induced by RDT. Furthermore, proteomic and histological changes in the gills of P. reticulata induced by RDT may be histopathological and proteomic BM´s to biomonitor water pollution caused by glyphosate-based herbicides.
O mecanismo de toxicidade aguda da formulação comercial de glifosato, Roundup Transorb® (RDT), foi investigado para as brânquias do guaru (Poecilia reticulata) por meio de tecnologias proteômicas associadas às análises dos índices histopatológicos (HI´s), seguido da quantificação das lesões histopatológicas branquiais. Além disso, o presente trabalho também descreve um protocolo para análise do comportamento de peixes utilizando mensurações dos Índices de Comportamento Morfofuncional (Icmf) e Total (Ict). Os resultados indicam que a toxicidade aguda do RDT pode alterar o comportamento de P. reticulata como reflexo das mudanças de expressão das proteínas associadas às lesões cito-histopatológicas branquiais. A CL50,96h do RDT para as fêmeas do guaru foi de 7,54 ± 0,93 μL.L-1, a qual indica que esta espécie é moderadamente sensível a esse herbicida. A exposição aguda à concentração subletal de 3,8 μL.L-1 de RDT induziu lesões histopatológicas branquiais de modo tempo dependente em diferentes tipos celulares epiteliais e muscular. Os HI´s foram relacionados com o aumento da severidade e da frequência das lesões histopatológicas e apontam que o RDT pode causar distúrbios regressivos, circulatórios e progressivos nas brânquias do guaru. A eletroforese bidimensional associada à espectrometria de massa e bioinformática permitiu verificar 48 spots de proteínas/isoformas reguladas pelo RDT, as quais estão envolvidas em distintos processos celulares, tais como metabolismo energético, regulação e manutenção do citoesqueleto, metabolismo de ácidos nucléicos e proteínas de resposta ao estresse. O estudo dos biomarcadores (BM´s) comportamentais indica que o Icmf e o Ict foram viáveis na análise das alterações comportamentais de P. reticulata induzidas pelo RDT. Ademais, as modificações proteômicas e histológicas nas brânquias de P. reticulata induzidas pelo RDT podem ser BM´s histopatológicos e proteômicos no biomonitoramento da poluição aquática por herbicidas baseados em glifosato.
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Henrique, Helen Sadauskas. "Aspectos fisioecológicos de Astyanax fasciatus e Pimelodus maculatus (teleósteos) do reservatório da UHE de Furnas, MG : avaliação morfofuncional das brânquias e variáveis hematológicas." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1960.
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Previous issue date: 2008-07-04Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphofunctional structure of the gills and the hematological variables of Astyanax fasciatus and Pimelodus maculatus living on Furnas Dam Reservoir (Minas Gerais State, Brazil) and analyses the influence of water quality on these parameters. The fishes were collected in five sites (FU10: Turvo; FU20: Guapé; FU30: Barranco Alto; FU40: Fama and FU50: Porto Fernandes) during June and December/2006. Physico-chemical variables and organochlorides content of the water and heavy metals on the sediment were performed. Gills and blood samples were taken for check inquire of the composition of the water on the presence of histopathologys and differentiation of chloride and mucous cells and differences on the hematological variables of the fishes collected on the different sites. Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the respiratory epithelium, lamellar fusion, epithelial lifting, oedema and chloride cells proliferation were the most common histopathological damages observed on the gills for both species. The histopathological alteration index of the gills indicates some degree of lesions that engage the normal function of the organ in A. fasciatus collected in June. Heavy metals, as copper seems to promote alterations on the red blood cells for both fishes during the sampling. While, some pollutants as endosulfan, metolachloride, copper and chromium seems to causes a stimulation of the immune system of the fishes; this effect was most common on the fishes collected in the sites: FU10, FU20 and FU30. The condition factor (K and Kn) of the fishes has been affected by the presence of chromium on the sediment, especially in the site FU30 during the two months. Over all, these results indicates that the water quality in June and December (2006) of Furnas Dam reservoir could promote physiological and morphological alterations on the gills fishes to maintain the homeostase.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a estrutura morfuncional das brânquias e as variáveis hematológicas de exemplares de duas espécies de peixes, Astyanax fasciatus e Pimelodus maculatus, coletados na UHE de Furnas, MG e a possível interferência da qualidade da água nos parâmetros estudados. Peixes, amostras de água e de sedimento foram coletados em cinco pontos de amostragem na UHE de Furnas (FU10: Turvo; FU20: Guapé; FU30: Barranco Alto; FU40: Fama e FU50: Porto Fernandes) nos meses de Junho e Dezembro/2006. Foram realizadas análises físicas e químicas da água, determinar a concentração de organoclorados e a presença de elementos-traço. Amostras de brânquias e de sangue foram retiradas para verificar possíveis interações entre organoclorados na água e elementos-traço no sedimento e a presença de histopatologias e diferenciação de células cloreto e mucosa e diferenças nas variáveis hematológicas (série vermelha e série branca) dos peixes coletados nos diferentes locais. Hipertrofia e proliferação de células pavimentosas, fusão lamelar, descolamento do epitélio lamelar, edema e proliferação de células cloreto foram as histopatologias mais encontradas nas brânquias das duas espécies. O IAH (Índice de Alterações Histopatológicas) apontou lesões que comprometem o funcionamento normal do órgão em indivíduos de A. fasciatus coletados em Junho. A presença de elementos-traço, como o cobre, parece promover alteração na série vermelha de A. fasciatus e P. maculatus coletados durante os dois meses. Organoclorados como o endosulfan e metolacloro e elementos traço como cobre e cromo parecem causar uma estimulação do sistema imunológico das duas espécies, especialmente nos locais FU10, FU20 e FU30. Alterações no K e Kn dos animais aparentemente foram influenciados pela presença de cromo no sedimento, especialmente no local FU30 durante os dois meses. O conjunto de todas as alterações observadas indica que a qualidade da água nos diferentes locais durante os dois meses de coleta podem promover alterações nos organismos a fim de manter a homeostasia interna.
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Mollah, A. R. "The effects of aluminium on some aspects of the physiology and gill histopathology of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), in acidic water." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292413.
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Keitel-Gröner, Frederike. "Physiological responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after exposure to diclofenac and metoprolol." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17723.
Full textAbstract:
(Oberflächen-) Gewässer weltweit sind mit geringen Mengen (ng/L bis wenige µg/L) humaner Pharmazeutika belastet. Diclofenac (DCF; nicht-steroidal, entzündungshemmend) und Metoprolol (MTP; ß-Blocker) gehören entsprechend ihres hohen Verbrauchs zu den am häufigsten gefundenen Substanzen. Deren biologische Aktivität ist nicht auf den Menschen beschränkt. Gut konservierte Enzyme innerhalb der Vertebraten legen Auswirkungen auf Nicht-Zielorganismen wie Fische nahe, die bisher in Langzeituntersuchungen mit umweltrelevanten Konzentrationen unzureichend untersucht wurden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die physiologischen Effekte von DCF und MTP auf die Nil-Tilapie (Oreochromis niloticus), einem der wichtigsten Aquakulturfische weltweit, untersucht. In vitro konnte anhand primärer Hepatozyten gezeigt werden, dass bereits umweltrelevante Konzentrationen von DCF zu einer erhöhten Genexpression verschiedener Schlüsselenzyme der Detoxifizierung führten. Nach MTP-Exposition waren die Veränderungen weniger eindeutig. Beide Substanzen induzierten die Vitellogenin Genexpression, nur DCF jedoch bereits in umweltrelevanter Konzentration. In vivo wurden in zwei Langzeit-Expositionsversuchen die physiologischen Effekte vom befruchteten Ei bis 80 Tage nach Schlupf in O. niloticus untersucht. Beide Substanzen hatte keinen Einfluss auf Schlupferfolg und Überleben, das Wachstum war nach 80 Tagen nach Schlupf leicht reduziert. Die deutlichsten Auswirkungen waren histopathologische Veränderungen der Kiemen, veränderte Genexpressionen der Gonadotropine und eine erhöhte Expression von Vitellogenin. Die Ergebnisse legen eine stärkere östrogene Aktivität von DCF im Vergleich zu MTP nahe. Zusammenfassend sind die Bedenken gegenüber den Einzelsubstanzen eher gering, negative Auswirkungen auf die Reproduktion und sich verstärkende Effekte bei zeitgleicher Exposition gegenüber DCF und MTP lassen sich jedoch nicht ausschließen und sollten im Weiteren untersucht werden.Surface waters worldwide are contaminated with low levels (ng/L up to few µg/L) of human pharmaceuticals. Diclofenac (DCF; non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory) and metoprolol (MTP; ß-blocker) are highly consumed and therefore commonly detected. Their biological activity is not restricted to humans. Well conserved enzymes within the vertebrates suggest effects on non-target organisms such as fish, poorly studied in long-term exposure experiments using environmentally relevant concentrations. In the presented work, physiological effects of DCF and MTP on the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), an important aquaculture fish species, were studied. Using primary hepatocytes, it was shown in vitro that environmentally relevant concentrations of DCF increased the gene expression of different key enzymes of the detoxification, while MTP exposure had a less clear effect. Both substances induced vitellogenin gene expression, but only after DCF exposure this was significantly elevated already at the environmentally relevant concentration. In vivo, two long-term exposure studies on the physiological effects from the fertilized egg until 80 days post-hatch were evaluated. Both substances did not affect hatching success and survival, while growth was slightly reduced after 80 days post-hatch. Histopathological alterations of the gills, changed gene expression patterns of the gonadotropins and induced vitellogenin gene expression were the most dominant findings. The results indicate a stronger estrogenic mode of action of DCF compared to MTP. Overall, the risk due to a single substance exposure seems to be relatively low but adverse effects on reproduction and additive effects during simultaneous exposure to DCF and MTP cannot be excluded and should be investigated further.