Journal articles: 'Gills histopathology'

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Wakawa, A. I., and S. B. Audu. "Histopathological alterations in gills, kidney and liver of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings exposed to aqueous leaf extract of Desert Date (Balanites aegyptiaca)." Zoologist (The) 18, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tzool.v18i1.12.

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One of the many biomarkers for determining the effects of pollutants on fish is changes in organ histopathology. Leaves of Balanites aegyptiaca have been reported to have phytochemicals with fish anaesthetic property. This study sought to determine the effect of graded acute concentrations (200.00, 250.00, 300.00.350.00 and 400.00 mg/L) of B. aegyptiaca on histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of mixed sex of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. A total of 120 O. niloticus fingerlings (mean weight 23±0.03 g and mean total length 12.50±0.39 cm) were exposed to the plant extract. Paraffin wax method and haematoxylin-eosin staining techniques of tissue processing were adopted for the examination of the gills, kidney and liver. Dose-dependent histopathological changes were observed in the three organs (gills, kidney and liver) i.e. histopathological alterations increase with increase in concentration of the plant extract. Gills showed lamellae fusion, haemorrhage, desquamation, atrophy and secondary lamellae erosion while kidney and liver indicated atrophy, necrosis, haemorrhage, hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Structural alterations were evident in the gills, kidney and liver of O. niloticus fingerlings exposed to the concentrations of aqueous crude leaf extract of B. aegyptiaca therefore it should be used with caution during fish anaesthesia. Keywords: Histopathology; Gill; Kidney; Liver; Balanites aegyptiaca; Oreochromis niloticus.

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Zade, S. B., D. M. Agase, A. M. Nagwnshi, H. N. Nenwani, S. N. Qureshi, and H. Jagyasi. "Studies on the toxicity of 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran on the histopathology of gills of African catfish Clarias gariepinus." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i2.1775.

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In the present study, investigation were carried out on gills of African cat fish Clarias gariepinus exposed to sub lethal concentrations (80mg/ml,400mg/ml and 800mg/ml) of 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran for 10 days. Lesions were observed in gills tissue of treated fish for long term exposure to Methyltetrahydrofuran (2MTHF). The occurrence and degree of alteration were positively related with the concentration of 2MTHF. Histological examination of the gills of fish treated with 80 mg/ml of 2MTHF for 10 days showed architectural loss, necrosis and desquamation of epithelial layer. Histological examination of the gills of fish treated with 400 mg/ml of 2MTHF for 10 days showed architectural loss, necrosis and mild vaccuolation. The gill filament exhibited telangiectesis, disorganisation of secondary gill lamellae and complete vaccuolation of gills treated with 800 mg/ml of 2MTHF for 10 days. The study indicated that 2MTHF had marked effects on the cyto-architecture of the gills of C. gariepinus. The degree of vaccuolation and necrosis were positively related with the concentration of 2MTHF.

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Magor, Brad G. "Gill histopathology of juvenile Oncorhynchus kisutch exposed to suspended wood debris." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 2164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-323.

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Gill histopathology was examined in three groups of parr of coho salmn (Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum)) maintained for 30 days in suspended wood debris (< 1.00 mm diameter; concentrations of 44–132 mg/L dry weight) collected from an estuarine log sorting site. Gills of fishes were examined by light microscopy following exposure, and histopathologic responses were indexed by percentage of gill filaments affected. Lamellar edema and telangiectasis each had statistically significant (P < 0.05) associations with exposure to the suspended debris, and the severity of these conditions was positively correlated with increased concentrations of debris. The severity of hyperplasia of the primary filament epithelium did not correlate with the concentration of debris. The total number of gill lesions in each fish (sum of hyperplasia, telangiectasis, and edema) was positively correlated with the concentration of debris to which the fish were exposed, and negatively correlated with the percent weight increment (((final weight – initial weight)/initial weight) × 100) of fishes over the experimental period.

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Campos, Cristiane Meldau de, Julieta Rondini Engrácia de Moraes, and Flávio Ruas de Moraes. "Histopathology of gills of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) and Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1836) infested by monogenean and myxosporea, caugth in Aquidauana River, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 20, no. 1 (March 2011): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612011000100014.

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A histological analysis was conducted on the gills of 15 Piaractus mesopotamicus and 19 Prochilodus lineatus specimens collected between April and November 2004 from the Aquidauana River, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central-West Brazil, to describe the anatomopathological characteristics of the gills of these freshwater fish. Gill samples were fixated in 10% buffered formalin and processed following histological routine procedures. The histological examination of the gills of P. mesopotamicus revealed intralamellar monogenean and mixosporean cysts of Henneguya piaractus at several developmental stages over the entire (basal, median and distal) lamella. Intraepithelial cysts caused lamella dilation and deformity of adjacent lamellae. In P. lineatus gills, monogenean cysts were detected. In both host species, hyperplasia of the gill epithelium and structural disorganization of secondary lamellae was seen diffusely in the gills, leading to fused lamellae in the gills. In few cases, there was found mononuclear inflammatory cells and hemorrhagic focal points distally in the lamellae.

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Mansouri, Borhan, and Seyed Ali Johari. "Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles on Histopathology and Electron Microscope Ultrastructure of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Gills." Iranian Journal of Toxicology 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijt.10.1.60.4.

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Background: The increasing use of nanomaterials and nanoproducts has increased the possibility of contamination of the environment, which may have adverse effects on different organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of silver nanoparticles on histopathology and gill ultrastructure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) under laboratory conditions. Methods: Zebrafish were exposed to four concentrations of silver nanoparticles (0.0015, 0.00375, 0.0075, and 0.015 mg/l) for a period of 4 days. Gill ultrastructure and histopathological changes were studied using scanning electron microscope and haematoxylin - eosin staining. Results: Exposure to silver nanoparticles significantly (P < 0.001) increased the diameter of gill filaments and secondary lamellae, while silver nanoparticles significantly reduced the length of the secondary gills in zebrafish. Moreover, other changes such as vacuolization, dilated and clubbed tips, hyperplasia, edema, fusion, swelling of mucocytes, hypertrophy, and necrosis were observed. The effects of silver nanoparticles in zebrafish gills were dose dependent. Conclusion: Based on the adverse effects of AgNPs on zebrafish gills, silver nanoparticle solutions can be hazardous pollutants for the environment.

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Mitchell, Lawrence G. "Myxobolid parasites (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) infecting fishes of western Montana, with notes on histopathology, seasonality, and intraspecific variation." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 1915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-274.

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Cypriniform and salmonid fishes of the Columbia River drainage of western Montana harbor five members of the myxozoan family Myxobolidae. Myxobolus muelleri inhabits Ptychocheilus oregonensis (northern squawfish), Mylocheilus caurinus (peamouth), Richardsonius balteatus (redside shiner), and Catostomus macrocheilus (largescale sucker). Cysts appeared in gills, musculature, subcutis, and visceral mesenteries. Unencysted spores infiltrated mesenteries and viscera. Spore size and shape in the various tissues and hosts were highly varied. Muscle and subcutaneous cysts were associated with connective tissue proliferation and muscle degeneration; cyst rupture was associated with diffuse inflammation and rodlet cell proliferation. Infection prevalence in muscles and kidneys was high in adult and juvenile hosts (78–100%) throughout the year. Seasonal prevalence of gill and subcutaneous infections fluctuated markedly. Cysts of Myxobolus dujardini occurred in gills of the northern squawfish, peamouth, and redside shiner. Unicauda sp. was found in the eye capsule, gall bladder, mesenteries, and kidney of northern squawfish. Henneguya zschokkei occurred in intermuscular connective tissue of Prosopium coulteri (pygmy whitefish) and Prosopium williamsoni (mountain whitefish). Myxobolus sp. occurred in the gills of Catostomus catostomus (longnose sucker).

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Silva, Weliton Vilhalba da, Henrique Momo Ziemniczak, Flávia Barbieri Bacha, Rudã Brandão Santos Fernandes, Rodrigo Yudi Fujimoto, Rebeca Maria Sousa, Klaus Casaro Saturnino, and Claucia Aparecida Honorato. "Respiratory profile and gill histopathology of Carassius auratus exposed to different salinity concentrations." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 42, no. 5 (July 2, 2021): 2993–3006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n5p2993.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the chronic salinity tolerance of Carassius auratus and the effects on blood parameters, gill morphology, and survival. In the first test, nine different concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g L-1) of NaCl were used with nine repetitions for 96 h. The survival of fish subjected to 15 g L-1 NaCl was 4 h, and 5 min at a concentration of 25 g L-1. The mortality of fish with 15 g L-1 NaCl was 100%. Morphological analyses of the gills showed hyperplasia of the coated cells in the interlamellar space and hypersecretion of mucus in fish exposed to 10 g L-1 of NaCl. At concentrations of 20 and 25 g L-1, necrosis of the support collagen caused the cells to detach from the lamellar structure mucosa. In the chronic test, two concentrations were used, with four replications containing nine fish in each aquarium for a period of 21 days. Blood samples and gills from the fish were collected, and it was observed that the fish showed a decrease in the concentration of bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in the blood, indicating hypernatremia. Acute exposure of C. auratus to sodium chloride (NaCl) should be at a maximum of 10 g L-1 of NaCl, after which level there would be a loss in animal performance and/or mortality. Chronic exposure to 5 g L-1 of NaCl promotes acidemia, ionic imbalance, and pathological changes in the gills; therefore, it is not recommended.

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Leino, R. L., J. H. McCormick, and K. M. Jensen. "Multiple effects of acid and aluminum on brood stock and progeny of fathead minnows, with emphasis on histopathology." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-035.

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Thirty-day-old fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, were reared at different pH values in softened Lake Superior water enriched with aluminum: pH 7.5–35 μg Al/L, pH 5.5–30 μg Al/L, pH 5.2–35 and 60 μg Al/L, including a background level of 15 μg Al/L, and at pH 7.5, 6.0, 5.5, and 5.2 at background Al levels. Spawning was greatly reduced at pH 6.0, pH 5.5–30 μg Al/L, and pH 5.5 and failed at pH 5.2 with or without added Al. The adult brood stock exhibited abnormalities at low pH, which could have contributed to poor spawning success or energy utilization: (i) thickened respiratory epithelium in the gills, (ii) hyperplasia of primary lamellar epithelium in the gills, (iii) increased number of gill chloride cells, (iv) reduced gill perfusion, (v) immature ovaries and oocyte atresia, (vi) immature and pathologic testes, (vii) abnormal distal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidneys, and (viii) reduced blood osmolality at pH 5.5 and 5.2 when no Al was added. Hatching success and larval survival were reduced when spawning occurred at or below pH 6.0; these larvae often had retarded swim bladder development and yolk absorption and some stages had abnormal gills, kidneys, and liver glycogen reserves. This study further supports the relationship between acidification, histological changes, ionoregulatory disturbances, altered energy metabolism, and recruitment failure.

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Kirk, R. S., and J. W. Lewis. "Histopathology of Sanguinicola inermis infection in carp, Cyprinus carpio." Journal of Helminthology 72, no. 1 (March 1998): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00000948.

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AbstractThe histopathological response of carp to Sanguinicola inermis was investigated by serial sectioning laboratory infected fish up to 90 days post infection (d p.i.). Juvenile flukes and adults caused mechanical damage to tissues during invasion and migration up to 28 d p.i. Adults partially occluded blood vessels and may have reduced blood circulation. In the initial phase of egg production (28–42 d p.i.), eggs and emigrating miracidia in gill tissue caused breakdown of vascular integrity, necrosis, hyperplasia, haemorrhage and eosinophilic infiltration of epithelial tissue. After 42 d p.i. the host granulomatous inflammatory response encapsulated eggs lodged in the gills, visceral sites and connective tissue displacing normal tissue. Encapsulation and subsequent degradation of eggs and miracidia within granulomata was highly developed by 90 d p.i. Laboratory infections of S. inermis can induce respiratory distress and therefore impair respiration of fish. The parasite also caused pathological changes in osmoregulatory, excretory and haemopoietic tissue and may impair function in these organ systems.

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Topal, Ahmet, Muhammed Atamanalp, Ertan Oruç, Yeliz Demir, Şükrü Beydemir, and Alparslan Işık. "In vivo changes in carbonic anhydrase activity and histopathology of gill and liver tissues after acute exposure to chlorpyrifos in rainbow trout." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 65, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-65-2014-2547.

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Abstract Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide widely used in agriculture and aquaculture. This study investigated its effects on carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme activity and histopathology of rainbow trout gill and liver. The fish were exposed to 2.25 (25 % of 96 h LC50), 4.5 (50 % of 96 h LC50), and 6.75 μg L-1 (75 % of 96 h LC50) of chlorpyrifos for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. CA activity was measured in liver and gills and histopathological changes were examined by light microscopy. The most common liver changes at most of the chlorpyrifos concentrations were hyperaemia and degenerative changes. Gill tissues were characterised by lamellar hyperaemia, lamellar oedemas, clumping, cellular degeneration, hyperplasia, and lamellar atrophy. CA enzyme activity in the gills decreased at all concentrations at 48, 72, and 96 h after exposure to chlorpyrifos (p<0.05). Similarly, there was a time-dependent decrease in CA activity at all of the concentrations in liver tissues (p<0.05). The present study indicated that chlorpyrifos inhibits CA enzyme activity and causes histopathological damage in gill and liver tissues

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Speare, D. J., R. J. F. Markham, B. Despres, K. Whitman, and N. MacNair. "Examination of Gills from Salmonids with Bacterial Gill Disease using Monoclonal Antibody Probes for Flavobacterium Branchiophilum and Cytophaga Columnaris." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 7, no. 4 (October 1995): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879500700413.

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Bacterial diseases of the gills of commercially reared salmonids in freshwater are common problems. They accounted for 18% of all diagnostic submissions to the Atlantic Veterinary College from commercial fish hatcheries. Definitive diagnosis is difficult because of the growth characteristics of the putative bacteria in culture. Research into the pathogenesis of these diseases has also been similarly limited. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were developed to 2 globally significant gill bacterial pathogens, Flavobacterium branchiophilum, the causative agent of bacterial gill disease, and Cytophaga columnaris, the causative agent of columnar-is disease of salmonids. These MAbs were then used as the basis for an indirect fluorescent antibody test to assess archived cases of gill disease in our region. Flavobacterium branchiophilum was the dominant bacterium detected in the biofilm of diseased gills in our study region. Of the cases tentatively diagnosed based on histopathology as bacterial gill disease, 76.2% tested positively with the MAbs to F. branchiophilum. Also present within 18.7% of these cases were bacteria which reacted positively to the MAbs for C. columnaris. We conclude that the MAbs produced are valuable diagnostic and research probes for common bacterial diseases of the gills of salmon and trout in Atlantic Canada. This study also adds further proof that F. branchiophilum acting alone can be sufficient cause for bacterial gill disease.

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& et al., Mustafa. "HISTOPATHOLOGYANDLEVELOF BIOACCUMULATION OFSOME HEAVY METALS IN FISH, CARASOBARBUSLUTEUS AND CYPRINUSCARPIOTISSUES CAUGHTFROM TIGRIS RIVER, BAGHDAD." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 51, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v51i2.997.

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This study was undertaken to detect the histopathology and level of bioaccumulation of lead and cadmium in water and in some freshwater fish (Carasobarbus luteus and Cyprinus carpio) tissues caught from Tigers River. A total of 100 water samples and 100 fish specimens (kidney, gills, liver and muscle) were collected from three sites of Tigris River. These samples were used to detect Pb and Cd via Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.Results exhibited high concentrations of Pb and Cd in water samples (>0.03 for both metals) and insome organs of the selected fish. It was observed that the levels of Pb and Cd accumulated in most organs (kidneys being most influenced) followed by gills, livers and muscles at three sites. The levels of these heavy metals were much above the maximum acceptable limit recommended by FAO and WHO. Histopathology was also conducted where heavy damages were noticed in both livers and gills in both fish species. The current study present data about increasing pollution in the Tigris River and it approves that it is having strong impact on fish health and on human beings.

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Phromkunthong, Wutiporn, Mali Boonyaratpalin, and Wisuthi Verakunpiriya. "Histopathology of the Gills of Ascorbic Acid Deficient Grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus." Fish Pathology 28, no. 4 (1993): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.28.151.

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Lindesjöö, E., and J. Thulin. "Histopathology of skin and gills of fish in pulp mill Effluents." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 18 (1994): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao018081.

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Slaninova, A., J. Machova, and Z. Svobodova. "Fish kill caused by aluminium and iron contamination in a natural pond used for fish rearing: a case report ." Veterinární Medicína 59, No. 11 (December 9, 2014): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7821-vetmed.

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Contamination of Pansky Pond, in March 2013, with 119 mg/l aluminium, and 87 mg/l iron by acidic (pH 3.17) inflow from a nearby quarry caused fish die-off, while exhibiting symptoms of suffocation. Transformation of soluble forms of aluminium and iron into insoluble forms occurred on fish gill where the content of aluminium and iron was 100-fold and 12-fold, respectively, that found in control fish in an unaffected pond. In addition to insoluble aluminium and iron, gills showed presence of iron bacteria. Histopathology was characterised by expression of reactive processes and regressive alterations resulting in gill tissue necrosis. Impairment of the excretory function of gills was reflected in significantly (P < 0.01) higher concentrations of ammonia in the blood plasma of exposed fish compared to the control. Damage to parenchymatous tissues (kidney, liver, spleen) of the exposed fish was manifested as dystrophic alterations, higher aluminium and iron content, and enhanced activity of transaminases in blood plasma compared to the control.

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Jabeen, F., and A. S. Chaudhry. "Heavy metal uptake, bioaccumulation and histopathological responses in gills of freshwater fish from the Indus River, Pakistan." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200029665.

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The high nutritional value of fish makes it an ideal component of a healthy and balanced diet. Elevated levels of heavy metals in fish represent both an ecological and human health concern. Fish species are often the top consumers in aquatic ecosystems and thus metal concentrations in fish can act as an indicator of the state of the aquatic environment. Fish are known to bio-accumulate metals and are considered as one of the most indicative factors, in freshwater systems, for the estimation of trace metals pollution potential (Rashed, 2001). Histopathology can be an indicator of the effects of various anthropogenic pollutants on organisms and so could be used as a reflection of the overall health of the entire population in an ecosystem. This study aimed to assess the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in gills and muscles and their effects on histopathology of gills of Oreochromis mossambicus from the Indus River, Pakistan which receives potential pollutants from the domestic, municipal and agricultural runoffs.

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Bradford, Michael J., Jan Lovy, David A. Patterson, David J. Speare, William R. Bennett, Allen R. Stobbart, and Christine P. Tovey. "Parvicapsula minibicornis infections in gill and kidney and the premature mortality of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from Cultus Lake, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, no. 4 (April 2010): 673–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-017.

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In recent years, large losses of migrating adult sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka ) from the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada, have resulted in reductions in catches and productivity. We investigated patterns of mortality and the occurrence of the myxosporean parasite Parvicapsula minibicornis in adult sockeye salmon from Cultus Lake, tributary to the Fraser River. Using data from a captive broodstock program, we found that early migrants to Cultus Lake had less severe P. minibicornis infections and were more likely to survive to maturity than those fish that arrived later after they had presumably held in the warmer Fraser River. We found P. minibicornis in kidneys and gills of spawners. In some fish, significant histopathology in the gills that included severe inflammation and hyperplasia of the gill lamellae was observed; the severity of the disease was correlated with the severity of P. minibicornis infections. Kidney and gill pathologies were more prevalent and more severe in fish that died before spawning compared with those that matured successfully. Gill disease associated with P. minibicornis infections had not been previously identified in Fraser River sockeye salmon, and its role in the loss of spawners needs further investigation.

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Fahmy, Sohair R., and Dawlat A. Sayed. "Toxicological perturbations of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the Coelatura aegyptiaca mussel." Toxicology and Industrial Health 33, no. 7 (February 15, 2017): 564–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233716687927.

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More research is needed to understand the interactions of nanoparticles (NPs) with aquatic organisms and their mechanism of toxic action. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are the most used engineered metal oxide NPs in consumer products. The present study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and digestive gland (DG) as well as gill histopathology of the freshwater molluscan bivalve Coelatura aegyptiaca following exposure to ZnONPs (2, 10 and 50 mg/L) for 6 consecutive days. Exposure to ZnONPs (10 and 50 mg/L) induced a significant increase in malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide with a concomitant decrease in reduced glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase and catalase levels in the haemolymph, DG and gills of the treated mussels. Following exposure to ZnONPs (50 mg/L), the DG exhibited gradual changes in glandular activity showing hypertrophy and hyperplasia in the glandular cells and irregularity of lamellae and swelling of filaments in the gills. The present investigation revealed that oxidative stress induction, genotoxicity in the haemocytes and histological alterations in the DG and gills of C. aegyptiaca could be the main mechanisms involved in ZnONPs toxicity in aquatic organisms. Thereby, it is suggested that ZnONPs should be applied with more precautions in relevant industries, and occupational health surveillance should be necessarily considered.

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Stiller, Kevin T., Jelena Kolarevic, Carlo C. Lazado, Jascha Gerwins, Christopher Good, Steven T. Summerfelt, Vasco C. Mota, and Åsa M. O. Espmark. "The Effects of Ozone on Atlantic Salmon Post-Smolt in Brackish Water—Establishing Welfare Indicators and Thresholds." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 14 (July 20, 2020): 5109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21145109.

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Ozone is a strong oxidant, and its use in aquaculture has been shown to improve water quality and fish health. At present, it is predominantly used in freshwater systems due to the high risk of toxic residual oxidant exposure in brackish water and seawater. Here, we report the effects of ozone on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts (~100 g), in a brackish water (12 ppt) flow-through system. Salmon were exposed to oxidation reduction potential concentrations of 250 mV (control), 280 mV (low), 350 mV (medium), 425 mV (high) and 500 mV (very high). The physiological impacts of ozone were characterized by blood biochemical profiling, histopathologic examination and gene expression analysis in skin and gills. Fish exposed to 425 mV and higher showed ≥33% cumulative mortality in less than 10 days. No significant mortalities were recorded in the remaining groups. The skin surface quality and the thickness of the dermal and epidermal layers were not significantly affected by the treatments. On the other hand, gill histopathology showed the adverse effects of increasing ozone doses and the changes were more pronounced in the group exposed to 350 mV and higher. Cases of gill damages such as necrosis, lamellar fusion and hypertrophy were prevalent in the high and very high groups. Expression profiling of key biomarkers for mucosal health supported the histology results, showing that gills were significantly more affected by higher ozone doses compared to the skin. Increasing ozone doses triggered anti-oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the gills, where transcript levels of glutathione reductase, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, interleukin 1β and interleukin were significantly elevated. Heat shock protein 70 was significantly upregulated in the skin of fish exposed to 350 mV and higher. Bcl-2 associated x protein was the only gene marker that was significantly upregulated by increasing ozone doses in both mucosal tissues. In conclusion, the study revealed that short-term exposure to ozone at concentrations higher than 350 mV in salmon in brackish water resulted in significant health and welfare consequences, including mortality and gill damages. The results of the study will be valuable in developing water treatment protocols for salmon farming.

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Handayani, Kiki Syaputri, Agoes Soegianto, and Ching-Fong Chang. "Effect of Salinity on Osmoregulation and Histopathology in Gills of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 17, no. 3 (August 12, 2020): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw200028.

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Camargo, Marina M. P., and Cláudia B. R. Martinez. "Histopathology of gills, kidney and liver of a Neotropical fish caged in an urban stream." Neotropical Ichthyology 5, no. 3 (September 2007): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252007000300013.

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Histological changes in gills, kidney and liver were used to evaluate the health of the Neotropical fish species Prochilodus lineatus, subjected to in situ tests for 7 days in a disturbed urban stream and in a reference site, during winter and summer. In fish caged in the urban stream the most common lesions were epithelial lifting, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the respiratory epithelium, lamellar fusion, and aneurysms in the gills; enlargement of the glomerulus, reduction of Bowman's space, occlusion of the tubular lumen, cloudy swelling and hyaline droplet degeneration in the kidneys; hepatocytes with hypertrophy, cytoplasmic and nuclear degeneration, melanomacrophage aggregates, bile stagnation and one case of focal necrosis in the liver. The lesions were comparatively most severe in the liver. Histopathology showed to be a very suitable biomarker for use in conjugation with the in situ test, because the seasonal variation did not interfere in the results and it was possible to differentiate the sites in the urban stream from the reference site.

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Abdel-Latif, Hany M. R., Mustafa Shukry, Omnia I. El Euony, Mohamed Mohamed Soliman, Ahmed E. Noreldin, Hanan A. Ghetas, Mahmoud A. O. Dawood, and Mohamed A. Khallaf. "Hazardous Effects of SiO2 Nanoparticles on Liver and Kidney Functions, Histopathology Characteristics, and Transcriptomic Responses in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Juveniles." Biology 10, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10030183.

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The current investigation assessed the impacts of sub-lethal concentrations of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) on hepato-renal functions, histopathological characteristics, and gene transcription in gills and liver of Nile tilapia juveniles. Fish were exposed to 20, 40, and 100 mg/L of SiO2NPs for 3 weeks. Pairwise comparisons with the control group showed a significant dose-dependent elevation in serum ALP, ALT, and AST enzyme activities as well as blood urea and creatinine levels in SiO2NP-intoxicated groups. Exposure to 100 mg/L SiO2NPs significantly upregulated expression of HSP70, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-8 genes in the gills as compared to the control group. Moreover, exposure to 100 mg/L SiO2NPs significantly upregulated the expression SOD, HSP70, IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α genes in the hepatic tissues as compared to the control group. Exposure of fish to 20 mg SiO2NPs/L significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of IL-12 in both the gills and liver tissues. Notably, all tested SiO2NP concentrations significantly upregulated the transcription of CASP3 gene in gills and liver of Nile tilapia as compared to the control group. Interestingly, varying histopathological alterations in renal, hepatopancreatic, and branchial tissues were observed to be correlated to the tested SiO2NP concentrations. In conclusion, our results provide additional information on the toxic impacts of SiO2NPs in Nile tilapia at the hematological, tissue, and molecular levels.

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Saravana Bhavan, P. "Histopathology of the hepatopancreas and gills of the prawn Macrobrachium malcolmsonii exposed to endosulfan." Aquatic Toxicology 50, no. 4 (October 2000): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-445x(00)00096-5.

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Zhao, Qianqian, Ke Feng, Lianbo Zhang, Yunpeng Bai, and Weizhi Yao. "Effects of Acute Ammonia Stress on Antioxidant Responses, Histopathology and Ammonia Detoxification Metabolism in Triangle Sail Mussels (Hyriopsis cumingii)." Water 13, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040425.

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Ammonia is one of the major pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem. Hyriopsis cumingii has great potential for the restoration of eutrophic water. However, there is no study investigating the effect of ammonia exposure in H. cumingii. The median lethal concentration (96 h LC50) of unionized ammonium was 12.86 mg/L in H. cumingii. In the study, H. cumingii were exposed to 6.43 mg L−1 unionized ammonium (1/2 96 h LC50) for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. High environment ammonia induced antioxidant response to protect the body from oxidative damage. After exposure to ammonia, there was a same trend of induction followed by inhibition of the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) in the hepatopancreas and gills of H. cumingii. However, the antioxidant response could not completely counteract the oxidation effect during the exposure period, resulting in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and tissue injury in the hepatopancreas and gills of H. cumingii eventually. Moreover, this study indicated that glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) in the hepatopancreas and gills may play an important role in ammonia detoxification of H. cumingii. Our results will be helpful to understand the mechanism of aquatic toxicology induced by ammonia in shellfish.

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Kusumadewi, Made Rahayu, I. Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa, and I. Ketut Berata. "TINGKAT BIOKONSENTRASI LOGAM BERAT DAN GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI IKAN MUJAIR (Oreochromis Mossambicus) YANG HIDUP DI PERAIRAN TUKAD BADUNG KOTA DENPASAR." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2015.v09.i01.p04.

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Tukad Badung River is one of the potential contamination of heavy metal sare very highin the city of Denpasar. Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) isa commonspecies of fish found in the river and became the object of fishing by the public. The fish is usually consume das a food ingredient forever yangler. Fish can be used as bio-indicators of chemical contamination in the aquatic environment. Determination of heavy metal bioconcentration and analysis of liver histopathology gills organs and muscles is performed to determine the content of heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Cr+6, and the influence of heavy metal exposure to changes in organ histopathology Tilapia that live in Tukad Badung. In this observational study examined the levels of heavy metal contamination include Pb, Cd and Cr+6 in Tilapia meat with AAS method (Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometric), and observe the histopathological changes in organ preparations gills, liver, and muscle were stained with HE staining (hematoxylin eosin). Low Pb content of the fish that live in Tukad Badung 0.8385 mg/kg and high of 20.2600 mg/kg. The content of heavy metals Pb is above the quality standards specified in ISO 7378 : 2009 in the amount of 0.3 mg / kg. The content of Cr+6 low of 1.1402 mg / kg and the highest Cr+6 is 6.2214 mg / kg. The content of Cr+6 is above the quality standards established in the FAO Fish Circular 764 is equal to 1.0 mg / kg. In fish with Pb bioconcentration of 0.8385 mg / kg and Cr+6 of 1.1402 mg / kg was found that histopathological changes gill hyperplasia and fusion, the liver was found degeneration, necrosis, and fibrosis, and in muscle atrophy found. Histopathologicalchangessuch asedema and necrosis ofthe liveris foundin fishwith Pb bioconcentration of 4.5225mg/kg and Cr+6 amounted to2.5163mg/kg. Bio concentration of heavy metal contamination of lead (Pb) and hexavalent chromium (Cr+6) on Tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus ) who lives in Tukad Badung river waters exceed the applicable standard. Histopathological changes occur in organs gills, liver, and muscle as a result of exposure to heavy metals lead and hexavalent chromium. Advised the people not to eat Tilapia that live in Tukad Badung

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Obayemi, O. E., and O. O. Komolafe. "HISTOPATHOLOGY STUDIES OF SELECTED ORGANS OF Hemichromis fasciatus INHABITING IGUN GOLD MINING AND OPA RESERVOIRS, OSUN STATE, NIGERIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." Open Journal of Environmental Research (ISSN: 2734-2085) 1, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/ojer.v1i1.69.

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This study examined the histopathological alterations in the gills, fillet and liver of Hemichromis fasciatus in Igun reservoir (located in an abandoned goldmine area) compared to those of Opa reservoir. Life fish species were collected from Opa and Igun reservoirs and identified in the laboratory. Techniques based on histological analyses were done on the organs and photomicrographs taken using digital binocular compound LED microscope. Epithelial lifting and hypertrophy of lamellae were observed in the gills of H. fasciatus in Opa reservoir and compared to rupture of gill epithelium, rupture of chloride cell, fusion, hyperplasia, curling of lamellae in H. fasciatus of Igun reservoir. The fillet of H. fasciatusin Opa and Igun reservoirs revealed splitting and atrophy of muscle bundles. Also, parasite cyst and necrosis were observed in the fillet of H. fasciatus of Igun reservoir compared to degeneration in muscle bundles in the fish of Opa reservoir. Similarly, the liver of H. fasciatus in Igun and Opa reservoirs showed splitting at the wall of central vein, hepatopancreas and liver cells degeneration. Moreover, nucleus hypertrophy was also identified in the liver of H. fasciatus in Opa reservoir compared to vascular congestion in the central vein, bile duct, portal vein and portal artery of H. fasciatus in Igun reservoir. The study therefore concluded that H. fasciatus specimens in Igun reservoir were histopathologically unhealthy as compared with those of Opa reservoir probably due to the high level of pollution resulting in bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Igun reservoir samples. Obayemi, O. E | Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria

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Audu, Bala S., Idi A. Wakawa, Jamiu O. Omirinde, Usman Garba, and Margaret Damshit. "Histopathological Alterations In Organs of Nile Tilapia Fingerlings Exposed To Sub-Lethal Concentrations of Aqueous Crude Leaves Extract of Desert Date." Pan African Journal of Life Sciences 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/pajols/0202/40(0240).

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Background: Histopathological changes have been widely used as biomarkers in determining the effects of pollutants on fish. Leaves of Balanites aegyptiaca, a deep-rooted, evergreen or semi-deciduous, multi-branched, spiny tree have been reported to have pesticidal, anaesthetic and ichthyotoxic effects. This study sought to find out the effect of sub-lethal concentrations (5.00, 11.00, 21.00, 43.00, and 86.00 mg/L) of B. aegyptiaca on histopathology of gills, kidney, and liver of mixed-sex Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings Methods: A total of 120 O. niloticus fingerlings (mean weight 23±0.03 g and mean total length 12.50±0.39 cm) were exposed to aqueous crude leaves extract of B. aegyptiaca. The gills, kidney, and liver were excised and processed routinely for the elucidation of histopathological changes Results: Dose-dependent histopathological changes were observed in the three organs (gills, kidney and liver) of O. niloticus exposed to graded concentrations of B. aegyptiaca. Gills showed moderate to severe secondary lamellae fusion, desquamation, and primary lamellae congestion while the kidney displayed mild to severe renal tubular epithelial cell degeneration and necrosis as well as pigmentation of renal tissues. The liver showed varying degrees of histo-architectural alterations such as hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis, cellular infiltrations, kupffer cell proliferation, portal, and sinusoidal congestions Conclusion: Owing to these histological alterations in the gills, kidney, and liver observed in this study, prolonged exposure of fish to B. aegyptiaca should be discouraged to preserve fish diversity

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Cengiz, E. I., and E. Ünlü. "Histopathology of Gills in Mosquitofish,Gambusia affinisAfter Long‐Term Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Malathion." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 38, no. 5 (August 2003): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/pfc-120023516.

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de Oliveira Zeni, Thayzi, André Luiz Vicente, Gisela Geraldine Castilho-Westphal, Aline Horodesky, Roberto Montanhini Neto, and Antonio Ostrensky. "Effects of iodized salt on the histopathology of the gills and liver inRhamdia quelenandMetynnis maculatus." Aquaculture Research 48, no. 5 (April 16, 2016): 2198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/are.13056.

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MARTINS, M. L., J. R. E. MORAES, P. M. ANDRADE, S. H. C. SCHALCH, and F. R. MORAES. "Piscinoodinium pillulare (Schäperclaus, 1954) Lom, 1981 (Dinoflagellida) infection in cultivated freshwater fish from the Northeast region of São Paulo State, Brazil: parasitological and pathological aspects." Brazilian Journal of Biology 61, no. 4 (November 2001): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842001000400013.

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The Aquaculture Center of Unesp, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, received fishes for diagnosis from fish farmers reporting fish crowding at pond edges and in water inlets. Fifty-three out of 194 cases showed round to oval, immobile whitish structures, measuring up to 162 mm diameter, identified as the dinoflagellate Piscinoodinium pillulare. In 34 diagnosed cases the parasites were present in the gills, in 2 on body surface, and 9 in both. Thirty-one out of 53 were tambacu hybrids hosts; 7, Piaractus mesopotamicus; 6, Colossoma macropomum; 5, Leporinus macrocephalus; 3, Oreochromis niloticus; and 1, Prochilodus lineatus. Fish showed increased mucous production on body surface and gills, while ecchymosis in the caudal peduncle and operculum was present. The gills also showed paleness, congestion, and petechiae. Histopathology presented a great number of trophonts situated between secondary lamellae, fixed to or detached from the epithelium. Primary lamellae presented interstitial hemorrhages, severe hyperplasia of the epithelium, goblet cells, and mononuclear infiltrates. The present work is the first report of P. pillulare in Brazil and emphasizes the importance of this dinoflagellate which caused significant economic losses from 1995 through 1997.

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Poleksic, Vesna, Mirjana Lenhardt, Ivan Jaric, Dragana Djordjevic, Zoran Gacic, Gorcin Cvijanovic, and Bozidar Raskovic. "Liver, gills, and skin histopathology and heavy metal content of the Danube sterlet (Acipenser ruthenusLinnaeus, 1758)." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 29, no. 3 (March 2010): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.82.

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Oğuz, Ahmet Regaib, and Elif Kaval Oğuz. "Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of gills of Van fish (Alburnus tarichi Güldenstädt, 1814) infected with myxosporean parasites." Journal of Histotechnology 43, no. 2 (November 29, 2019): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01478885.2019.1686848.

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Yusnaini, Yusnaini, Emiyarti Emiyarti, Indriyani Nur, Oce Astuti, and Rahmad Sofyan Patadjai. "Sublethal toxicity test of mercury (Hg) in the flesh and tissue of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)." Omni-Akuatika 16, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.oa.2020.16.2.749.

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This study tested the sublethal toxicity of mercury (Hg) in the flesh and tissue of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This research used an experimental method completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments used different Hg concentrations: Treatment A = 0.08 ppm; B = 0.16 ppm; C = 0.24 ppm; and the control group = without the addition of Hg. The parameters observed were the accumulation of mercury (Hg) in the flesh and tissue damage (histopathology) of the gills, kidneys and liver of tilapia. The results showed that the highest Hg accumulation was at the highest Hg concentration (treatment C = 0.24 ppm). Tissue damage was mainly found in the kidneys, liver and gills of fish exposed to Hg with indications of bleeding, tubular necrosis, vacuolization of epithelial cells, and mononuclear cell infiltration. The results showed that the toxicity of mercury to the organs increased with the increase in the concentration of Hg in water. Keywords : flesh, mercury, Oreochromis niloticus, sublethal, tissue

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Obaroh, I. O., D. D. Attah, and M. H. Zuru. "Sub-Lethal Toxicity of Dichlorvos on Gills and Liver of Juvenile Heterobranchus longifilis." Journal of Aquatic Sciences 35, no. 2 (April 13, 2021): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jas.v35i2.17.

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The study assessed the histological changes in the structure of gills and liver of juvenile Heterobranchus longifilis after exposure to varying sub-lethal concentrations of Dichlorvos. The fish, 120specimenswith mean weight of 47.33±2.31g and total length 10.67±0.58cm were selected and used for the experiment. Test fish were treated with concentrations of 0.00, 0.01, 0.015 and 0.02mg/l of Dichlorvos representing treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. The study was carried out in a static renewal bioassay system. Fish samples were stocked in plastic bowls of 75litre capacity and the exposure period was7 days. All analyses were done using standard methods. The results showed prominent changes in the gills which included: partial epithelia lifting, hyperplasia, heavy degeneration changes, oedema, congestions and vacuolization. Changes in the liver included: congestion with sub-massive necrosis, liver parenchymal cell prominent with fatty/glycogen degeneration, hepatocytes and enlargement of portal tract. Histopathological changes on the two tissues increased with concentration of dichlorvos with severe damages observed at higher concentrations. This study showed that the use of dichlorvos as pesticides, which often find their way into the aquatic system, may have negative effects on fish. Thus, the use of organic pesticides should be encouraged. Keywords: Histopathology, sub-lethal, Heterobranchus longifilis, dichlorvos, gills and liver

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Zhou, Shun, Jing Dong, Yongtao Liu, Qiuhong Yang, Ning Xu, Yibin Yang, and Xiaohui Ai. "Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Hepatic Responses to Trichloroisocyanuric Acid Exposure in Goldfish (Carassius auratus)." Animals 11, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 2775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102775.

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In this study, goldfish (Carassius auratus) were exposed to 0 (control group) and 0.81 mg/L TCCA for four consecutive days. The liver transcriptome, the molecular indices of oxidative stress, and gills histopathology were investigated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that energy metabolism-related pathways such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were significantly enriched, suggesting their perturbation in the liver of goldfish. Additionally, TCCA exposure also caused pathological damage in gills, which compromised physiological function and decreased oxygen intake capacity of gills, thus leading to the enhancement of anaerobic metabolism. This finding was confirmed by the significant upregulation of lactate dehydrogenase in the liver of goldfish. Moreover, many phase I and phase II metabolic enzymes might be activated to alleviate TCCA-induced toxicity in goldfish, and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and cytochrome P450s (CYPs) play a crucial role in the metabolism of TCCA in the liver of goldfish. Furthermore, the antioxidant enzyme analysis showed that TCCA exposure induced oxidative damage in the liver and partially impaired the antioxidant defense system of goldfish, evidenced by decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level. In summary, this study will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the TCCA-induced toxicity in goldfish.

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Lebepe, Jeffrey, Johan Steyl, and Wilmien J. Luus-Powell. "Histopathology of the liver and gills of Labeo rosae (rednose Labeo) from Loskop Dam in South Africa." African Zoology 55, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2020.1740610.

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Bose, M. T. Jagannath, M. Ilavazhahan, R. TamilselvI, and M. Viswanathan. "Effect of Heavy Metals on the Histopathology of Gills and Brain of Fresh Water Fish Catla catla." Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/390.

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Jabeen, Ghazala, Farkhanda Manzoor, Arshad Javid, Hamda Azmat, Mateen Arshad, and Shafaq Fatima. "Evaluation of Fish Health Status and Histopathology in Gills and Liver Due to Metal Contaminated Sediments Exposure." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 100, no. 4 (February 16, 2018): 492–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2295-7.

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Ale, Analía, Carla Bacchetta, Andrea S. Rossi, Juan Galdopórpora, Martín F. Desimone, Fernando R. de la Torre, Susana Gervasio, and Jimena Cazenave. "Nanosilver toxicity in gills of a neotropical fish: Metal accumulation, oxidative stress, histopathology and other physiological effects." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 148 (February 2018): 976–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.072.

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Chen, Yining, Enguang Liu, Caijuan Li, Chenglong Pan, Xuqian Zhao, Yunfeng Wang, and Qufei Ling. "Effects of heat stress on histopathology, antioxidant enzymes, and transcriptomic profiles in gills of pikeperch Sander lucioperca." Aquaculture 534 (March 2021): 736277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736277.

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Wattimury, D., A. Laishevtcev, U. Yanuar, Hardoko, and S. Andayani. "CHANGES IN THE HISTOPATHOLOGY OF THE GILLS AND LIVER OF TILAPIA (O. NILOTICUS) INFECTED WITH AEROMONAS HYDROPHILA." Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences 109, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2021-01.19.

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VIANA, H. C., S. K. L. SILVA, M. B. JORGE, M. H. L. SILVA, D. M. S. SANTOS, and R. N. F. CARVALHO NETA. "HISTOPATHOLOGY ANALYSIS OF Sciades herzbergii (PISCES, ARIIDAE) AND Bagre bagre (PISCES, ARIIDAE) GILLS TO ASSESS ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION." Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 19, no. 4 (2021): 2983–3001. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1904_29833001.

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Audu, B. S., M. Damshit, J. O. Omirinde, I. A. Wakawa, Y. Sulaiman, and J. W. Wade. "Histopathological changes in gills and liver of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings exposed to acute concentrations of dry cell battery." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 19, no. 1 (June 11, 2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v19i1.4.

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Waste dry cell batteries are frequently improperly disposed and subsequently washed into water bodies-- causing deleterious effects on fish particularly Clarias gariepinus which inhabits diverse freshwater habitats. Acute toxicity of water-soluble fractions of waste dry cell batteries was investigated on C. gariepinus fingerlings under laboratory conditions in 96 hours. Ten (10) C. gariepinus fingerlings were exposed to acute concentrations (0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50, and 5.00 g/L) of waste dry cell batteries and a control (0.00 g/L), each duplicate replicated. Histopathological alterations evident in the gills were lamellar fusion, hyperplasia, inter-lamella space occlusion, hypertrophy and erosion of secondary lamellae. The liver showed nuclear and hepatocytes degeneration, vacuolation and portal congestion. Acute concentrations of water-soluble fractions of waste dry cell batteries caused significant (P<0.05) changes in the histomorphology of the gills and liver of C. gariepinus fingerlings, therefore indiscriminate disposal of waste dry cell batteries around riparian ecosystem should be safeguarded to reduce the declining diversity and abundance of freshwater fish species. Keywords: African catfish, 96 hr.LC50, Fingerlings, Histopathology Zinc-carbon battery

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Insivitawati, Era, Gunanti Mahasri, and Kusnoto Kusnoto. "Gambaran Darah dan Histopatologi Insang, Usus Dan Otak Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio Koi) yang Diinfeksi Spora Myxobolus koi secara Oral [Haematology and Histopatology of Gills, Intestine And Brain Koi Fish (Cyprinus carpio Koi) Myxobolus koi Orally Infected]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 7, no. 2 (January 13, 2019): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v7i2.11210.

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Abstract Koi fish (Cyprinus carpio koi) is one of the ornamental fish are preferred. One of the obstalces in the koi fish is a disease caused by infection myxobollus. This research to determine the effect of the infection myxobollus by oral in blood picture and histopathology. Haematology and histopathology is an indicator of the health of the fish to diagnose disease and to determine changes in the fish tissue. The research was conducted in Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan, dan Balai Karantina Ikan Kelas I, Juanda Surabaya from October to December 2014. This study uses the 5 treatments and 5 replications with different doses of infection (0,60,80,100 and 120 spora/fish). Data were analyzed with Annova haematology, followed by Duncan 5%. While histopathology were analyzed by semiquantitative scoring mothod used to determine the degree of histology Kluschal Wallis. The result showed that the haematology has significant result, white histopathology signify the presence of significant damage.

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Marcos-Lopez, Mar, Thomas B. Waltzek, Ronald P. Hedrick, Dolores V. Baxa, Amber F. Garber, Rebecca Liston, Eric Johnsen, Benjamin S. Forward, Steven Backman, and Hugh W. Ferguson. "Characterization of a novel alloherpesvirus from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 24, no. 1 (October 6, 2011): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638711416629.

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Alloherpesviruses affect freshwater and marine fish species. The aim of the current study was to characterize a novel alloherpesvirus in Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua). Samples were processed for histopathology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), virus isolation, molecular characterization, and in situ hybridization (ISH). Histopathology revealed that the infection was restricted to the gills and that it induced cytomegaly in infected cells. By TEM, numerous viral particles with morphology compatible with a herpesvirus were observed inside the cytomegalic cells. To characterize this new agent, polymerase chain reaction amplified regions of the ATPase subunit of the terminase, and DNA polymerase genes were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed strongest similarity with alloherpesviruses belonging to the genus Ictalurivirus and Salmonivirus. The ISH showed specific labeling of nuclear inclusions in the cytomegalic cells. While virus isolation was unsuccessful, the results obtained through different diagnostic tests in the present study confirm the discovery of a new alloherpesvirus affecting Atlantic cod. The authors propose the formal species designation Gadid herpesvirus 1 (GaHV-1) to be considered for approval by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses.

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MARTINS, M. L., V. N. de SOUZA, J. R. E. de MORAES, and F. R. de MORAES. "Gill infection of Leporinus macrocephalus Garavello & Britski, 1988 (Osteichthyes: Anostomidae) by Henneguya leporinicola n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae). Description, histopathology and treatment." Revista Brasileira de Biologia 59, no. 3 (August 1999): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71081999000300018.

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Piauçus (Leporinus macrocephalus), were raised in 300 m² ponds (density of 10 fish/m²) presenting asphyxia signals and daily mortality of 27 fishes. Specimens with 8-cm total body length, were collected for necropsy. Mucus of body surface and pieces of organs were collected and examined microscopically, in wet mounts, stained or in histological sections. The smears examination showed the presence of several spores in the secondary lamellae of the gill filaments, identified as Henneguya leporinicola n.sp (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae). Histopatological study showed epithelial hyperplasia and fulfilling of the spaces between the secondary lamellae, congestion and teleangiectasia sinusoidal. It was also observed hyperplasia of the goblet cells and several cysts of parasite with 70.3mum diameter. Such cysts were situated among the secondary lamellae, covered or not by the hyperplasic epithelium. With this diagnostic, three applications of formalin solution 10 ml/m³ were carried out. Fifteen days after that, fish were examined again to ascertain whether the treatment was efficient on disease caused by the protozoa. The tissue alterations present in the gills after the treatment were just a moderate sinusoidal congestion and a slight epithelial hyperplasia on the base of the secondary lamellae.

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LaDouceur, Elise E. B., Lisa Mangus, Michael M. Garner, and Andrew N. Cartoceti. "Histologic Findings in Captive American Horseshoe Crabs (Limulus polyphemus)." Veterinary Pathology 56, no. 6 (July 4, 2019): 932–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985819859877.

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Histopathology of 61 captive American horseshoe crabs (HSCs; Limulus polyphemus) is reviewed. HSC organs evaluated histologically included body wall (chitin, epidermis, dermis, and skeletal muscle), hepatopancreas, gut, gonads, book gills, eyes, heart, brain, and coxal gland. In descending order, lesions were most frequently identified in compound eye, body wall, book gills, hepatopancreas, chitinous gut, nonchitinous gut, heart, and brain; lesions were not observed in coxal gland or gonads. Hemocytes (also called amoebocytes) surrounded infectious agents and occluded ulcers. Large hemocyte aggregates had a central eosinophilic coagulum (ie, hemocyte coagulum). Cutaneous ulceration (34/60 cases), branchitis (29/48 cases), and ophthalmitis (17/20 cases) were common lesions and consistently associated with fungi, which were invasive into subjacent tissues, and/or bacteria, which were usually superficial. Fungal culture was performed in 3 cases and isolated Fusarium spp., although fungal morphology varied and multiple fungal species may have been present. Presumptive green algae were associated with ulceration in 1 case with minimal to no inflammation. Presumptive cyanobacteria were identified within a biofilm overlying the gills in 4 of 48 cases and were not invasive. Multifocal, random hepatopancreatitis was identified in 16 of 57 cases, 10 of which were associated with bacteria. Metacercarial cysts were identified in 25 of 61 cases and associated with minimal to no inflammation. Depleted eosinophilic globules in hepatopancreatic interstitial cells were interpreted as decreased nutritional status in 12 of 57 cases.

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Zulkifli and Novia Christi Prihartini. "Infestations Myxobolus sp. in Gills Koi (Cyprinus carpio) That No Clinical Symptoms." Samakia : Jurnal Ilmu Perikanan 11, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/jsapi.v11i1.519.

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Ornamental fish trade between regions in Indonesia allows the transfer of disease, especially if the disease does not show clinical symptoms in fish traded. Koi fish in Tahuna, North Sulawesi, mostly come from the area of East Java, which is one area with many cases of myxobolusis. In addition, the potential for parasitic diseases that come along when koi fish are brought between areas cannot be avoided, because the examination of parasites, especially Myxobolus sp. no longer listed in the regulation as a quarantine inspection requirement. The purpose of this study was to see the Myxobolus sp infestation that infected koi in Tahuna, North Sulawesi, although there were no clinical symptoms using conventional techniques and histopathology. The results of the examination showed Myxobolus spore infestation on the gills of the koi, although the amount was not much, both conventional and histopathological techniques. This shows that our level of awareness of the types of parasites that can infect fish is still lacking. Myxobolus sp is only transmitted through the spore stage back and forth; there is no horizontal or vertical transmission in fish or tubifex T worm populations. More knowledge regarding the life cycle of the Myxobolus sp. in order to obtain the right handling to deal with outbreaks, especially water quality management at the location of the cultivation.

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Karnisa, Yuni, Desrina Desrina, and Ita Widowati. "Parasites Identification and Histopathology Changes on Blood Cookle (Anadara granosa Linnaeus, 1758)." ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 24, no. 4 (December 2, 2019): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.24.4.171-178.

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Blood cockle Anadara granosa is a popular sea food in Indonesia and potential for aquaculture. Currently, blood cockle aquaculture is at early stage, done by taking the larva from wild and raised them in the pond. Wild animal naturally carries parasites without outward clinical signs but can cause disease problem under aquaculture condition. This study aimed to identify parasites and histopathology changes in wild A. granosa. Blood cockles (n=90) were randomly collected during 3 months at three stations in the coastal waters of Bedono (Station 1: the intertidal area of the edge near to the mangrove area, station 2: the center of intertidal area, station 3: the area near to the sea), a village located on North Java coast and supplied blood cockle larva to the area. Parasites examination was conducted in the laboratory by macroscopic (observation of clinical symptoms) for ectoparasites and microscopic (using a microscope) for endoparasites. Histopathology preparation was done by taking three cockles at each station and cutting tissue that includes gills, foot, gonads, digestive tract and mantle. Organs were fixed in a 10% NBF solution, processed, mounted in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Parasites found were identified and the level of intensity and prevalence were calculated. There were three species of parasites found: Pinnotheres sp. (Intensity 1 ind/cockle; Prevalence: 3.33%), Perkinsus sp. (Intensity: 9.3 cell/cockle; Prevalence: 37.03%), Nematopsis sp. (Intensity: 4.25 cell/cockle; Prevalence: 29.62%). There were no histopathology changes on infected tissues which may relate to low diversity, prevalence and intensity of parasites found in this study.

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Abubakar, Musa I., Ibrahim Adeshina, Ikililu Abdulraheem, and Somira Abdulsalami. "Histopathology of the gills, livers and kidney of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) exposed to sniper 1000EC under laboratory conditions." Acta Biologica 26 (2019): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ab.2019.26-02.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Gills histopathology'

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