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1

Janosevic, Predrag, Ivana Stojanovic, Mirjana Janosevic, Gordana Filipovic, and Maja Stosic. "Nitric oxide as prediction factor of gingival inflammation in orthodontic patients." Vojnosanitetski pregled 75, no. 9 (2018): 856–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp160410005j.

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Background/Aim. Nowadays therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances is widely spread, having in mind positive effects it has in malocclusion treatments The side effect is increased gingivial inflammation in treated patients. The aims of this research are to estimate the inflammatory condition of gingiva in the first 6 months of orthodontic therapy on the basis of clinical parameters of sulcus bleeding index, plaque index, gingival crevicular fluid and salivary nitric oxide concentration, and to investigate role of nitric oxide as predicting factor of gingival inflammation in orthodontic patient
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2

Lo Giudice, Roberto, Angela Militi, Fabiana Nicita, et al. "Correlation between Oral Hygiene and IL-6 in Children." Dentistry Journal 8, no. 3 (2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj8030091.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between marginal gingivitis, oral hygiene parameters, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in gingival crevicular fluid of 40 children. The marginal periodontal pathology was evaluated by gingival index (GI). The status of oral hygiene was estimated by using patient hygiene performance (PHP), brushing frequency (BF), and plaque index (PI). IL-6 levels in gingival crevicular fluid were measured to evaluate the inflammation in marginal gingiva. PHP score showed a significant correlation with GI, BF, and PI. The groups based on PHP ranges were sign
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3

Novak, J., M. Tomana, G. R. Shah, R. Brown, and J. Mestecky. "Heterogeneity of IgG Glycosylation in Adult Periodontal Disease." Journal of Dental Research 84, no. 10 (2005): 897–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910508401005.

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Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of bacterial etiology. In many other chronic inflammatory diseases, IgG glycans are galactose-deficient and thus capable of complement activation through the lectin pathway. In this study, we examined whether IgG in serum and gingival crevicular fluid, and IgG locally produced by plasma cells in gingiva of periodontal disease patients, display altered glycosylation. We developed a lectin-ELISA to measure levels of galactose-deficient IgG in the fluids and immunofluorescence staining to detect galactose-deficient IgG-producing cells in gingi
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4

Prayitno, P., and Anggy Natya Listyaningrum. "Pengaruh konsumsi suplemen ekstrak kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) terhadap inflamasi gingiva pada pasien ortodonti cekat (kajian jumlah leukosit cairan sulkus gingiva)." Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 3, no. 2 (2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.11331.

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Effect of taking mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) supplement on gingival inflammation in fixed orthodontic patients (A study of leukocyte count of gingival crevicular fluid). Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances have a high risk of gingival inflammation. Gingival inflammation is characterized by an increase in leukocyte count of gingival crevicular fluid resulting in proinflammatory cytokines that are capable of damaging the gingival tissue. Mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L) contains xantone which has anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to
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5

Kajiura, Yukari, Jung-Hwan Lew, Takahisa Ikuta, et al. "Clinical significance of GCF sIL-6R and calprotectin to evaluate the periodontal inflammation." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 54, no. 6 (2016): 664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563216680232.

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Background Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the soluble form of interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and calprotectin concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid are useful biomarkers in the evaluation of periodontitis. Methods First, a cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 34 periodontitis patients were enrolled and the gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from the healthy and inflamed sites of periodontal pockets in each patient. The relationship between periodontal condition and gingival crevicular fluid sIL-6R and c
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6

Astuti, Lilies Anggarwati, Mochammad Hatta, Sri Oktawati, Rosdiana Natzir та Ressy Dwiyanti. "Change of TGF-β1 Gene Expression and TGF-β1 Protein Level in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Identification of Plaque Bacteria in a Patient with Recurrent Localized Gingival Enlargement before and after Gingivectomy". Case Reports in Dentistry 2018 (5 серпня 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3670583.

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This case report highlights the change of TGF-β1 gene expressions and TGF-β1 protein level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and identification of plaque bacteria in a patient with recurrent localized gingival enlargement before and aftergingivectomytreatment. A 26-year-old woman came to AG Dental Care Clinic, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, in October 2015 with a chief complaint that her gingiva often bled spontaneously and she felt pain on her gingiva and felt less comfortable and no self-confidence with her anterior and posterior gingival condition on the right maxilla region which is slightly
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7

A Alqazlan, Faris Saleh, Saad Obaid Alazmi, Nubesh Khan Syed, et al. "Glucose monitoring from gingival crevicular fluid blood among chronic periodontitis patients at Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia." Bioinformation 20, no. 4 (2024): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/973206300200337.

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Gingival crevicular fluid blood (GCFB), during periodontal probing is useful to assess blood sugar levels using a glucometer. Hence, blood glucose levels in chronic periodontitis with and without diabetes were measured using gingival crevicular fluid and compared to finger stick blood glucose levels (FSBG). A total of 48 patients (24 diabetics and 24 non-diabetics) with chronic periodontitis who matched the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups, Group I and Group II, respectively. The entire patient’s plaque and Russel's periodontal indices were recorded and a glucometer was used to
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8

Rudy, Joelijanto, Corvianindya Rahayu Yani, Sutjiati Rina, and . Sulistyani. "Effect of Cocoa Pod Husk Proanthocyanidins Extract on Cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) Expression in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Periodontitis Rats." International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Research Studies 03, no. 06 (2023): 1198–202. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8096987.

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Inflammation of periodontal tissue due to Porphyromonas gingivalis which invades the gingival tissue due to the activity of virulence factors. This causes the host immune system changes and increases COX-2 production in periodontal tissue so resulting excessive tissue destruction. The aim of this study was to analyze the potency of proanthocyanidins extract of cacao pod husk to inhibit COX-2 expression in rat gingival sulcus fluid. 3 groups in this study, namely negative control, positive control, and treatment. In all groups, on the 0 day, gingival sulcus fluid was taken, then the rats were i
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9

Romanelli, Raquel, Sabrina Mancini, Carol Laschinger, Christopher M. Overall, Jaro Sodek, and Christopher A. G. McCulloch. "Activation of Neutrophil Collagenase in Periodontitis." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 5 (1999): 2319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.5.2319-2326.1999.

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ABSTRACT Neutrophil collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase 8 [MMP-8]) is an important mediator of tissue destruction in inflammatory diseases. Studies of anaerobic periodontal infections have shown that active MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid is associated with the degradation of periodontal tissues in progressive periodontitis whereas the latent enzyme is predominant in gingivitis. Since the activation of MMP-8 appears to be a crucial step in periodontitis, we have examined the activation of MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid samples by using a soluble biotinylated collagen substrate. Analys
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10

Subbarao, KrishnanChandragiri, GowriShankar Nattuthurai, SatheeshKhannaa Sundararajan, Indhu Sujith, Jennifer Joseph, and YasminParvin Syedshah. "Gingival crevicular fluid: An overview." Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences 11, no. 6 (2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_56_19.

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11

Shrestha, Surendra Man. "Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Periodontitis." Journal of Nepalese Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology 2, no. 2 (2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnspoi.v2i2.23609.

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12

Kido, Jun-ichi, Teruo Nakamura, Yoji Asahara, Takamasa Sawa, Kenjiro Kohri, and Toshihiko Nagata. "Osteopontin in gingival crevicular fluid." Journal of Periodontal Research 36, no. 5 (2001): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0765.2001.360509.x.

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13

Taylor, John J., and Philip M. Preshaw. "Gingival crevicular fluid and saliva." Periodontology 2000 70, no. 1 (2015): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/prd.12118.

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14

Ari, Geetha, Jyothi Mohit, Komal Vilas, et al. "Omentin level in serum and gingival crevicular fluid following non-surgical periodontal therapy among Rheumatoid Arthritis patients." Bioinformation 21, no. 04 (2025): 623–29. https://doi.org/10.6026/973206300210623.

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Non-surgical periodontal therapy on serum and gingival crevicular fluid levels of omentin among periodontitis subjects with and without Rheumatoid Arthritis is of interest. Hence, 33 patients were selected and divided into three groups: P group, RA group and RA+P group. Periodontal parameters were recorded; samples of serum and gingival crevicular fluid were obtained to evaluate Omentin levels. All of them showed non-surgical periodontal therapy and were recalled after 6 weeks. The mean change in periodontal parameters from T0 to T1 was statistically significant but serum and gingival crevicul
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15

MORAES MELO NETO, Clóvis Lamartine de, Helder Fernando BORGES JUNIOR, Yasmin FIRMINO DE SOUZA, Gabriela Cristina SANTIN, and Sérgio SÁBIO. "Comparison between aluminum chloride and tetryzoline hydrochloride for control of vertical gingival displacement and crevicular fluid." Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 46, no. 4 (2017): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.22916.

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Abstract Introduction The use of a gingival displacement cord with a gingival displacement substance is a common procedure for taking a quality impression of the cervical terminal in teeth for prosthetic purposes. Objective To evaluate whether the mechanical-chemical method with 0.05% tetryzoline hydrochloride or 25% aluminum chloride is capable of reducing crevicular fluid, and displacing a statistically significant larger quantity of gingival tissue vertically, compared with the mechanical method (without chemical substances). Material and method Ten patients were selected, and then No. 000
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16

Febrina, Raissa, Almurdi Almurdi, and Kosno Suprianto. "ENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LARUTAN KUMUR EKSTRAK BUAH NANAS (Ananas comosus L. Merr) TERHADAP PENURUNAN JUMLAH NEUTROFIL DALAM CAIRAN SULKUS GINGIVA PADA PENDERITA GINGIVITIS RINGAN." Andalas Dental Journal 1, no. 2 (2013): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/adj.v1i2.165.

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Gingivitis is defined as gingival inflammation caused by dental plaque accumulation. Bacteria in the plaque is releasing toxin that would trigger neutrophil to move to gingival sulcus as a main protection. Plaque control mechanically or chemically will be an effective prevention and care for gingivitis. Chemical control is done by mouthwash. Pineapple extract (Ananas comosus L.merr) contains bromelain which has antibacterial and antiinflammation features. The aim of this study was to find the effect of using pineapple-extracted mouthwash (Ananas comosus L. Merr) toward neutrophil count drop in
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17

Heneberk, Ondrej, Eliska Wurfelova, and Vladimira Radochova. "Neopterin, the Cell-Mediated Immune Response Biomarker, in Inflammatory Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review of a More than Fifty Years Old Biomarker." Biomedicines 11, no. 5 (2023): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11051294.

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Neopterin is a biomarker of the activation of cellular immunity. The purpose of this review is to summarise neopterin metabolism, methods of its detection, and its role in inflammation, focusing on periodontal inflammatory diseases. This derivative of guanosine is a non-enzymatic product of 7,8-dihydroneopterin oxidation caused by free radicals which protect activated macrophages from oxidative stress. Various methods, usually based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay, high-performance liquid chromatography, or radioimmunoassay were developed for the isolation of neopterin. A wide spectrum of
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18

Vitkov, Ljubomir, Michaela Klappacher, Matthias Hannig, and Wolf Dietrich Krautgartner. "Neutrophil Fate in Gingival Crevicular Fluid." Ultrastructural Pathology 34, no. 1 (2010): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01913120903419989.

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19

Van der Bul, P., W. P. DREYER, and S. R. GROBLER. "The periotron gingival crevicular fluid meter." Journal of Periodontal Research 21, no. 1 (1986): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01436.x.

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20

Svanberg, G. K. "Hydroxyproline titers in gingival crevicular fluid." Journal of Periodontal Research 22, no. 3 (1987): 212–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1987.tb01570.x.

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21

Rui, HUANG, JingxinMO, CHEN Xufeng, ZHU Shumin, and RenfaLAI. "PROGRESS IN THE STUDY OF GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID BIOMARKERS FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF PERI-IMPLANT DISEASE." International Journal of Sciences and Applied Research 9, no. 1 (2022): 01–09. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6404451.

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A recent study of patients undergoing implant surgery showed a significant increase in the prevalence of peri-implant disease, with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis predominating. Peri-implant disease mostly appears after several years of implant use. Currently, the diagnosis of peri-implant disease relies on peri-implant soft tissue exploration and imaging, but abnormalities in these indicators only occur when tissue destruction has already occurred and cannot predict whether an implant has the potential to develop peri-implant disease. Therefore, the early diagnosis of peri-implan
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22

Amin, Noor Ul, I. Saleem Qureshi, Sana Naeem, et al. "Role of Interleukin- 34 together with Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kB ligand and Osteoprotegrin levels in Periodontal Disease." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 7 (2021): 1521–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211571521.

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Aim: To compare the levels and relative ratios of Interleukin-34, osteoprotegrin, and factor kB ligand in the crevicular fluid of individuals with periodontal disease. Study design & setting: Randomized Clinical Trial, Frontier Medical And Dental College, Abbotabad Methodology: We enrolled 15 healthy subjects (Group I), 15 patients with chronic periodontal disease (Group II) and 15 patients with aggressive periodontal disease (Group III). At baseline and six weeks after NSPT, crevicular fluid and clinical measures were made. The GCF IL-34, factor kB ligand, and osteoprotegrin levels were m
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23

Olgun, Ebru, Kubilay Barış, and Meltem Karşıyaka Hendek. "Gingival crevicular fluid and peri-implant sulcus fluid." Journal of Dental Sciences and Education 1, no. 3 (2023): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.51271/jdse-0017.

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Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is an important source for the assessment of periodontal and peri-implant disease activity and response to periodontal therapy. GCF contains cellular components such as epithelium, bacteria, leukocytes, erythrocytes, viruses and their by-products, electrolytes, bacterial metabolic products, host and bacterial enzymes, and enzyme inhibitors such as acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, cytokines, and immunoglobulins. In addition, it is also found that drugs taken systemically pass into the GCF.
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Andini, Anggun Dwi, Rini Widyaningrum та Rurie Ratna Shantiningsih. "β-Carotene patch application effects on gingival crevicular fluid volume after panoramic radiography exposure". Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 5, № 3 (2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.42486.

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Panoramic radiography is a radiography technique which is commonly used in dentistry. X-ray radiation from panoramic radiography can cause biological damage, such as the increase of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume. One of materials which was known having the ability to decrease the effect of panoramic radiography is β-carotene in mucoadhesive gingival patch form. The application of β-carotene mucoadhesive gingival patch reduce micronucleus increasing in previous study. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of β-carotene mucoadhesive gingival patch application on palatal gingi
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25

Ball, D., W. McLaughlin, R. Seymour, F. Kamali, and M. D. Rawlins. "Phenytoin Concentrations in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Gingival Overgrowth." Clinical Science 87, s31 (1994): 6P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs045006pb_pt2.

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26

Pribadi, Indra Mustika Setia, Ina Hendiani та Reynaldy Sartiono. "The effect of carbonate apatite membrane gelatin application on IL-1β level gingival crevicular fluid in chronic periodontitis patients". Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 31, № 3 (2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol31no3.23930.

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Introduction: Apatite carbonate material plays an important role in bone tissue regeneration. The use of this membrane is expected to achieve better treatment success than those without additional therapy. The antimicrobial content in the apatite carbonate membrane can be used to support periodontal treatment of chronic periodontitis after scaling and root planing. The purpose of this research was to analyse the effect of carbonate apatite membrane gelatin application on the IL-1β level of the gingival crevicular fluid in chronic periodontitis patients. Methods: This research was a double-blin
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Matic-Petrovic, Sanja, Ksenija Zelic, Jelena Milasin, Branka Popovic, Ana Pucar, and Obrad Zelic. "Detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 in gingival crevicular fluid of gingival sulcus/periodontal pocket using polymerase chain reaction." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 142, no. 5-6 (2014): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1406296m.

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Introduction. Pathogenesis and some characteristics of periodontitis cannot be fully explained by bacterial etiology alone. Herpes viruses may bridge the gap between clinical characteristics and molecular understanding of periodontal destruction. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of healthy and damaged periodontium in Serbian population and to explore potential correlation between the presence of this virus and the level of periodontal destruction. Methods. Samples were collected from gin
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Luthra, Kaushal, HarpreetSingh Grover, Sarita Luthra, and Nidhi Aggarwal. "Smoking swings of gingival crevicular fluid secretion." Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 16, no. 1 (2012): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-124x.94614.

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Rovas, Adomas, Alina Puriene, Kristina Snipaitiene, et al. "Gingival crevicular fluid microRNA associations with periodontitis." Journal of Oral Science 64, no. 1 (2022): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.21-0282.

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30

Preiss, Dagmar S., та Joerg Meyle. "Interleukin-1β Concentration of Gingival Crevicular Fluid". Journal of Periodontology 65, № 5 (1994): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.1994.65.5.423.

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31

N/A. "Aspartate Aminotransferase Activity in Gingival Crevicular Fluid." Biological Therapies in Dentistry 18, no. 06 (2003): 024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7040.2003.35477.

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32

Lee, Allison J., Trevor F. Walsh, Stephen J. Hodges, and Andrew Rawlinson. "Gingival crevicular fluid osteocalcin in adult periodontitis." Journal of Clinical Periodontology 26, no. 4 (1999): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051x.1999.260409.x.

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33

Ebersole, J. L., M. A. Taubman, and D. J. Smith. "Gingival crevicular fluid antibody to oral microorganisms." Journal of Periodontal Research 20, no. 4 (1985): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1985.tb00446.x.

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34

Smith, D. J., L. M. Gadalla, J. L. Ebersole, and M. A. Taubman. "Gingival crevicular fluid antibody to oral microorganisms." Journal of Periodontal Research 20, no. 4 (1985): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1985.tb00447.x.

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35

Smita, Q. T., J. E. Hinrichs and, and R. S. Melnyk. "Gingival crevicular fluid myeloperoxidase at periodontitis sites." Journal of Periodontal Research 21, no. 1 (1986): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1986.tb01437.x.

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Walters, John D. "Polyamaine analysis of human gingival crevicular fluid." Journal of Periodontal Research 22, no. 6 (1987): 522–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1987.tb02064.x.

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37

Kurniawati, Ita, Peni Pujiastuti, and Agustin Wulan Suci Dharmayanti. "KADAR KALSIUM (Ca) DALAM CAIRAN KREVIKULAR GINGIVA PADA PENDERITA PERIODONTITIS KRONIS." ODONTO : Dental Journal 2, no. 1 (2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.2.2.11-16.

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Background: Chronic periodontitis occurred mostly in productive ages. Chronic periodontitis was started by adherence and accumulation of plaque bacteria that caused vascular enhancement, PMN infiltration, and periodontal tissue destruction. This process caused bone calcium solubitily which went trough blood stream and excreted to gungiva sulci. Calcium in periodontal tissue could be found both in extracellular and intracellular matrix.Purpose: Purpose of this study was to know calcium level in gingival crevicular fluid of chronic periodontitis and compare calcium level in chronic periodontitis
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Morozumi, Toshiya, Takehiko Kubota, Tadashi Sato, Kazuhiro Okuda, and Hiromasa Yoshie. "Smoking cessation increases gingival blood flow and gingival crevicular fluid." Journal of Clinical Periodontology 31, no. 4 (2004): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.2004.00476.x.

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39

Skaleric, Uros, Boris Gaspirc, Nancy McCartney-Francis, Andrej Masera, and Sharon M. Wahl. "Proinflammatory and Antimicrobial Nitric Oxide in Gingival Fluid of Diabetic Patients with Periodontal Disease." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 12 (2006): 7010–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00071-06.

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ABSTRACT Abnormal nitric oxide (NO) synthesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of both periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. In diabetic patients, increased inducible NO synthase in inflamed gingiva correlated with NO in gingival crevicular fluid. Although increased NO reflected more-severe inflammation, it was associated with reductions in CFU of Prevotella intermedia, a major periodontopathogen, highlighting dual roles for NO.
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Ostanina, D. A., K. A. Archakov, Yu A. Mitronin, O. A. Antonova, and A. V. Mitronin. "Analysis of the biocompatibility of various types of filling materials with the pulp-periodontal complex according to protein spectrum of gingival crevicular fluid." Endodontics Today 21, no. 2 (2023): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36377/1683-2981-2023-21-2-92-96.

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Relevance. In practical dentistry, composite materials, cements, amalgam and metal-free ceramics are used to restore defects in hard tissues of teeth. Research data indicate that the type of filling material can affect the state of the pulpperiodontal complex of the tooth and lead to its degenerative changes.Aim. To study the state of the pulp-periodontal complex according to the protein spectrum of the gingival crevicular fluid of teeth filled with various types of restorative materials.Materials and methods. In the course of the study, the gingival crevicular fluid of the teeth was taken fro
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Wildan, Muhammad Nabeel, Ahmad Syaify, and Dahlia Herawati. "Osteocalcin levels in gingival crevicular fluid periodontitis patient with and without type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Odonto : Dental Journal 10, no. 2 (2023): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.10.2.214-221.

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Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a systemic disease with a high prevalence in Indonesia. Periodontitis is a complication of DM with frequent occurrences. Periodontitis with DM causes greater bone damage than non-DM periodontitis because its conditions can affect osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Osteocalcin (OC), mostly synthesized by osteoblasts, regulates the activity of bone formation and turnover so that it can be a marker of bone formation and turnover to see the severity of the disease. OC can be found in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). This study aimed to determine osteocalcin l
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Suido, H., J. J. Zambon, P. A. Mashimo, R. Dunford, and R. J. Genco. "Correlations between Gingival Crevicular Fluid Enzymes and the Subgingival Microflora." Journal of Dental Research 67, no. 8 (1988): 1070–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345880670080201.

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Bacteroides gingivalis is a Gram-negative micro-organism implicated in the pathogenesis of adult periodontitis and producing relatively large amounts of specific enzymes. In the present study, subgingival samples taken from adults with moderate periodontitis were examined for the presence and relative amounts of enzymatic activity toward certain substrates. Enzyme levels were then correlated with clinical periodontal indices and microbiological analysis of subgingival plaque, including darkfield microscopy for bacterial morphotypes and immunofluorescence microscopy for B. gingivalis and Bacter
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Beklen, A., G. Tüter, T. Sorsa, et al. "Gingival Tissue and Crevicular Fluid Co-operation in Adult Periodontitis." Journal of Dental Research 85, no. 1 (2006): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910608500110.

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Activated matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) can contribute to periodontal ligament destruction in adult periodontitis. Since MMP-3 has been reported to activate proMMP-8 and -9, it was speculated that gingival tissue fibroblast-derived MMP-3 might, in periodontitis, be responsible for activation of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) neutrophil-derived proMMP-8 and -9. Immunohistochemistry disclosed MMP-3 in gingival fibroblasts in periodontitis. Cultured gingival fibroblasts released only pro-MMP-3 when stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α. However, Western blot revealed partially activated M
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Chelărescu, Simina, Petra Șurlin, Mioara Decusară та ін. "Evaluation of IL1β and IL6 Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels during the Early Phase of Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Adolescents and Young Adults". Applied Sciences 11, № 2 (2021): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020521.

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Background: The crevicular fluid analysis represents a useful diagnosis tool, with the help of which noninvasive cellular metabolic activity can be analyzed. The aim of the study is to investigate comparatively IL1β and IL6 in the gingival crevicular fluid of clinically healthy adolescents and young adults during the acute phase of orthodontic treatment. Methods: Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from 20 patients (aged between 11 and 28) undergoing orthodontic treatment. Measurements were taken before (T0) and after 24 h after distalization forces were activated (T1). IL1β and IL 6 were
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45

Chelărescu, Simina, Petra Șurlin, Mioara Decusară та ін. "Evaluation of IL1β and IL6 Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels during the Early Phase of Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Adolescents and Young Adults". Applied Sciences 11, № 2 (2021): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020521.

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Background: The crevicular fluid analysis represents a useful diagnosis tool, with the help of which noninvasive cellular metabolic activity can be analyzed. The aim of the study is to investigate comparatively IL1β and IL6 in the gingival crevicular fluid of clinically healthy adolescents and young adults during the acute phase of orthodontic treatment. Methods: Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from 20 patients (aged between 11 and 28) undergoing orthodontic treatment. Measurements were taken before (T0) and after 24 h after distalization forces were activated (T1). IL1β and IL 6 were
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Antonopoulou, Smaragdi, Alexandros Tsoupras, George Baltas, Helen Kotsifaki, Zacharias Mantzavinos, and Constantinos A. Demopoulos. "Hydroxyl-platelet-activating factor exists in blood of healthy volunteers and periodontal patients." Mediators of Inflammation 12, no. 4 (2003): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09629350310001599666.

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Periodontal diseases are localized chronic inflammatory conditions of the gingival and underlying bone and connective tissue. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory phospholipid mediator that has been previously detected in elevated levels in inflamed gingival tissues, in gingival crevicular fluid and in saliva, is implicated in periodontal disease. Our results from previous studies showed that the biologically active phospholipid detected in gingival crevicular fluid is a hydroxyl-PAF analogue. In this study, hydroxyl-PAF analogue was detected for the first time in human bloo
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Vieira, Giovanni Modesto. "Protein biomarkers of external root resorption: A new protein extraction protocol. Are we going in the right direction?" Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 19, no. 6 (2014): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.19.6.062-069.oar.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine a protocol of gingival crevicular fluid protein extraction used for the first dimension of 2-DE gels. It also aims at conducting a review on the current candidates for protein markers of this pathology, all of which may be used to prevent the disease.METHODS: Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from two groups of 60 patients each, with and without external root resorption. Samples were extracted by means of various methods of protein extraction. SDS-PAGE gels were used to assess the quality of the method which was subsequently tested during
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Toczewska, Joanna, Mateusz Maciejczyk, Tomasz Konopka, and Anna Zalewska. "Total Oxidant and Antioxidant Capacity of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva in Patients with Periodontitis: Review and Clinical Study." Antioxidants 9, no. 5 (2020): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050450.

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Periodontitis is inextricably linked to oxidative-reductive (redox) imbalance. However, little is still known about the resultant ability to scavenge oxygen free radicals in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in patients with periodontitis. The multitude of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and their synergistic effects cause an interest in the evaluation of the total antioxidative capacity. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate the total oxidative and antioxidative activity of gingival crevicular fluid and saliva in the periodontitis, as well as to relate these biomarkers to clinical ind
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Figueredo, Carlos Marcelo, Ronaldo Lira Junior, Manuela Rubim Sete, and Ricardo Guimarães Fischer. "Cell Derived Microparticles in Gingival Crevicular Fluid from Periodontitis Patients with Type 2 Diabetes." Brazilian Dental Journal 28, no. 6 (2017): 675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201701560.

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Abstract Cell-derived microparticles (MPs) have been described as vital contributors to the inflammatory process. However, its role in the periodontal disease pathogenesis remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to detect the presence neutrophil (CD66b+) and platelet (CD41b+) derived microparticles in gingival crevicular fluid from individuals having periodontitis aggravated by type 2 diabetes. Twelve patients (56.2 ±7.2 yrs) with severe form of chronic periodontitis aggravated by type 2 diabetes were included. Clinical and metabolic data were gathered. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected usi
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Nazar Majeed, Zeyad, Koshy Philip, A. M. Alabsi, Saravanan Pushparajan, and Dasan Swaminathan. "Identification of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Sampling, Analytical Methods, and Oral Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review." Disease Markers 2016 (2016): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1804727.

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Background. Several studies in the last decades have focused on finding a precise method for the diagnosis of periodontal disease in its early stages.Aim. To evaluate from current scientific literature the most common and precise method for gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sample collection, biomarker analytical methods, and the variability of biomarker quantification, even when using the same analytical technique.Methodology. An electronic search was conducted on in vivo studies that presented clinical data on techniques used for GCF collection and biomarker analysis.Results. The results showe
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